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Cancer Statistics in Korea: Incidence, Mortality, Survival, and Prevalence in 2020
Mee Joo Kang, Kyu-Won Jung, So Hyun Bang, Seo Hyun Choi, Eun Hye Park, E Hwa Yun, Hye-Jin Kim, Hyun-Joo Kong, Jeong-Soo Im, Hong Gwan Seo, The Community of Population-Based Regional Cancer Registries*
Cancer Res Treat. 2023;55(2):385-399.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2023.447
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReaderePub
Purpose
The current study provides national cancer statistics and their secular trends in Korea, including incidence, mortality, survival, and prevalence in 2020.
Materials and Methods
Incidence, survival, and prevalence rates of cancer were calculated using the Korea National Cancer Incidence Database, from 1999 to 2020, with survival follow-up until December 31, 2021. Deaths from cancer were assessed using causes-of-death data obtained from Statistics Korea.
Results
The number of new cancer diagnoses in 2020 decreased by 9,218 cases (3.6%) compared to 2019. In 2020, newly diagnosed cancer cases and deaths from cancer were reported as 247,952 (age-standardized rate [ASR], 262.2 per 100,000) and 82,204 (ASR, 69.9 per 100,000), respectively. The overall cancer incidence rates increased by 3.3% annually from 1999 to 2012, and decreased by 5.0% annually from 2012 to 2015, thereafter, followed by nonsignificant changes. Cancer mortality rates have been decreasing since 2002, with more rapid decline in recent years. The 5-year relative survival between 2016 and 2020 was 71.5%, which contributed to prevalent cases reaching over 2.2 million in 2020.
Conclusion
In 2020, the number of newly diagnosed cancer patients decreased due to the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, but the overall trend is on the rise. Cancer survival rates have improved over the past decades. As the number of cancer survivors increases, a comprehensive cancer control strategy should be implemented in line with the changing aspects of cancer statistics. The long-term impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic on cancer statistics needs to be investigated in the future.

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Prediction of Cancer Incidence and Mortality in Korea, 2023
Kyu-Won Jung, Mee Joo Kang, Eun Hye Park, E Hwa Yun, Hye-Jin Kim, Hyun-Joo Kong, Jeong-Soo Im, Hong Gwan Seo
Cancer Res Treat. 2023;55(2):400-407.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2023.448
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Purpose
This study aimed to report the projected cancer incidence and mortality for the year 2023 to estimate Korea’s current cancer burden.
Materials and Methods
Cancer incidence data from 1999 to 2020 were obtained from the Korea National Cancer Incidence Database, and cancer mortality data from 1993 to 2021 were acquired from Statistics Korea. Cancer incidence and mortality were projected by fitting a linear regression model to observed age-specific cancer rates against their respective years and then by multiplying the projected age-specific rates by the anticipated age-specific population for 2023. A joinpoint regression model was used to determine the year in which the linear trend changed significantly; we only used the data of the latest trend.
Results
In total, 273,076 new cancer cases and 81,818 cancer deaths are expected to occur in Korea in 2023. The most common cancer site is expected to be the lung, followed by the thyroid, breast, colon and rectum, and stomach. These five cancers are expected to represent half of the overall burden of cancer in Korea. The most common type of cancer leading to death is expected to be lung cancer, followed by liver, colorectal, pancreatic, and gallbladder cancers.
Conclusion
The incidence rates for all types of cancer in Korea are estimated to gradually decrease. These up-to-date estimates of the cancer burden in Korea could be an important resource for planning and evaluating cancer-control programs.

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Original Article
Lung and Thoracic cancer
Five-Year Overall Survival and Prognostic Factors in Patients with Lung Cancer: Results from the Korean Association of Lung Cancer Registry (KALC-R) 2015
Da Som Jeon, Ho Cheol Kim, Se Hee Kim, Tae-Jung Kim, Hong Kwan Kim, Mi Hyung Moon, Kyongmin Sarah Beck, Yang-Gun Suh, Changhoon Song, Jin Seok Ahn, Jeong Eun Lee, Jeong Uk Lim, Jae Hyun Jeon, Kyu-Won Jung, Chi Young Jung, Jeong Su Cho, Yoo-Duk Choi, Seung-Sik Hwang, Chang-Min Choi, Korean Association for Lung Cancer, Korea Central Cancer Registry
Cancer Res Treat. 2023;55(1):103-111.   Published online June 20, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2022.264
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReaderePub
Purpose
This study aimed to provide the clinical characteristics, prognostic factors, and 5-year relative survival rates of lung cancer diagnosed in 2015.
Materials and Methods
The demographic risk factors of lung cancer were calculated using the KALC-R (Korean Association of Lung Cancer Registry) cohort in 2015, with survival follow-up until December 31, 2020. The 5-year relative survival rates were estimated using Ederer II methods, and the general population data used the death rate adjusted for sex and age published by the Korea Statistical Information Service from 2015 to 2020.
Results
We enrolled 2,657 patients with lung cancer who were diagnosed in South Korea in 2015. Of all patients, 2,098 (79.0%) were diagnosed with non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and 345 (13.0%) were diagnosed with small cell lung cancer (SCLC), respectively. Old age, poor performance status, and advanced clinical stage were independent risk factors for both NSCLC and SCLC. In addition, the 5-year relative survival rate declined with advanced stage in both NSCLC (82%, 59%, 16%, 10% as the stage progressed) and SCLC (16%, 4% as the stage progressed). In patients with stage IV adenocarcinoma, the 5-year relative survival rate was higher in the presence of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation (19% vs. 11%) or anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) translocation (38% vs. 11%).
Conclusion
In this Korean nationwide survey, the 5-year relative survival rates of NSCLC were 82% at stage I, 59% at stage II, 16% at stage III, and 10% at stage IV, and the 5-year relative survival rates of SCLC were 16% in cases with limited disease, and 4% in cases with extensive disease.

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Review Article
Clinical Circulating Tumor DNA Testing for Precision Oncology
Hyunji Kim, Kyoung Un Park
Cancer Res Treat. 2023;55(2):351-366.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2022.1026
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) is the portion of the cell-free DNA in the blood of cancer patients released from tumor cells via apoptosis, necrosis, or active release. From 10 mL of blood, the 4-5 mL of plasma obtained from a cancer patient contains 5-10 ng/mL of ctDNA. The plasma contains not only ctDNA of tumor origin, but also DNA from normal cells or clonal hematopoiesis. Another characteristic of ctDNA is its rapid clearance from circulation; it has a half-life of 16 minutes to 2.5 hours. Obtaining reliable results from ctDNA requires the application and approval of standardized clinical validation guidelines; however, the status of numerous ctDNA tests currently varies. The clinical use of ctDNA testing should be carefully considered based on the test’s specific needs and characteristics. Here we provide the different characteristics of ctDNA tests and information regarding their validation and approval status.

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Original Article
Gastrointestinal cancer
Molecular and Immune Profiling of Syngeneic Mouse Models Predict Response to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Gastric Cancer
Dagyeong Lee, Junyong Choi, Hye Jeong Oh, In-Hye Ham, Sung Hak Lee, Sachiyo Nomura, Sang-Uk Han, Hoon Hur
Cancer Res Treat. 2023;55(1):167-178.   Published online May 20, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2022.094
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReaderePub
Purpose
Appropriate preclinical mouse models are needed to evaluate the response to immunotherapeutic agents. Immunocompetent mouse models have rarely been reported for gastric cancer. Thus, we investigated immunophenotypes and responses to immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) in immunocompetent mouse models using various murine gastric cancer cell lines.
Materials and Methods
We constructed subcutaneous syngeneic tumors with murine gastric cancer cell lines, YTN3 and YTN16, in C57BL/6J mice. Mice were intraperitoneally treated with IgG isotype control or an anti–programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) neutralizing antibody. We used immunohistochemistry to evaluate the tumor-infiltrating immune cells of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded mouse tumor tissues. We compared the protein and RNA expression between YTN3 and YTN16 cell lines using a mouse cytokine array and RNA sequencing.
Results
The mouse tumors revealed distinct histological and molecular characteristics. YTN16 cells showed upregulation of genes and proteins related to immunosuppression, such as Ccl2 (CCL2) and Csf1 (M-CSF). Macrophages and exhausted T cells were more enriched in YTN16 tumors than in YTN3 tumors. Several YTN3 tumors were completely regressed by the PD-L1 inhibitor, whereas YTN16 tumors were unaffected. Although treatment with a PD-L1 inhibitor increased infiltration of T cells in both the tumors, the proportion of exhausted immune cells did not decrease in the non-responder group.
Conclusion
We confirmed the histological and molecular features of cancer cells with various responses to ICI. Our models can be used in preclinical research on ICI resistance mechanisms to enhance clinical efficacy.

Citations

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Special Article
Top Ten Lessons Learned from Trials in Oligometastatic Cancers
Vivian S. Tan, David A. Palma
Cancer Res Treat. 2023;55(1):5-14.   Published online December 16, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2022.1460
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Recent evidence supports the role of aggressive local treatment in the oligometastatic setting. In this review, we discuss the top 10 lessons we have learned from trials in oligometastatic cancers. Major lessons learned pertain to definitions of oligometastatic disease, outcomes, toxicity, costs, and the combination of ablative therapies with systemic therapy, including immunotherapy. Barriers to accrual for trials and upcoming phase III trials are also reviewed. These lessons may help to inform clinical practice and may be the basis for future research in the oligometastatic space.

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Review Article
Cellular Dormancy in Cancer: Mechanisms and Potential Targeting Strategies
Hye-Young Min, Ho-Young Lee
Cancer Res Treat. 2023;55(3):720-736.   Published online March 22, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2023.468
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Cancer is a leading cause of disease-related mortality worldwide. Drug resistance is one of the primary reasons for the failure of anticancer therapy. There are a number of underlying mechanisms for anticancer drug resistance including genetic/epigenetic modifications, microenvironmental factors, and tumor heterogeneity. In the present scenario, researchers have focused on these novel mechanisms and strategies to tackle them. Recently, researchers have recognized the ability of cancer to become dormant because of anticancer drug resistance, tumor relapse, and progression. Currently, cancer dormancy is classified into “tumor mass dormancy” and “cellular dormancy.” Tumor mass dormancy represents the equilibrium between cell proliferation and cell death under the control of blood supply and immune responses. Cellular dormancy denotes the state in which cells undergo quiescence and is characterized by autophagy, stress-tolerance signaling, microenvironmental cues, and epigenetic modifications. Cancer dormancy has been regarded as the stem of primary or distal recurrent tumor formation and poor clinical outcomes in cancer patients. Despite the insufficiency of reliable models of cellular dormancy, the mechanisms underlying the regulation of cellular dormancy have been clarified in numerous studies. A better understanding of the biology of cancer dormancy is critical for the development of effective anticancer therapeutic strategies. In this review, we summarize the characteristics and regulatory mechanisms of cellular dormancy, introduce several potential strategies for targeting cellular dormancy, and discuss future perspectives.

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Original Article
Breast cancer
PIK3CA Mutation is Associated with Poor Response to HER2-Targeted Therapy in Breast Cancer Patients
Ju Won Kim, Ah Reum Lim, Ji Young You, Jung Hyun Lee, Sung Eun Song, Nam Kwon Lee, Seung Pil Jung, Kyu Ran Cho, Cheol Yong Kim, Kyong Hwa Park
Cancer Res Treat. 2023;55(2):531-541.   Published online September 7, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2022.221
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReaderePub
Purpose
Mutations in the PIK3CA gene occur frequently in breast cancer patients. Activating PIK3CA mutations confer resistance to human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-targeted treatments. In this study, we investigated whether PIK3CA mutations were correlated with treatment response or duration in patients with HER2-positive (HER2+) breast cancer.
Materials and Methods
We retrospectively reviewed the clinical information of patients with HER2+ breast cancer who received HER2-targeted therapy for early-stage or metastatic cancers. The pathologic complete response (pCR), progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival were compared between patients with wild-type PIK3CA (PIK3CAw) and those with mutated PIK3CA (PIK3CAm). Next-generation sequencing was combined with examination of PFS associated with anti-HER2 monoclonal antibody (mAb) treatment.
Results
Data from 90 patients with HER2+ breast cancer were analyzed. Overall, 34 (37.8%) patients had pathogenic PIK3CA mutations. The pCR rate of the PIK3CAm group was lower than that of the PIK3CAw group among patients who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy for early-stage cancer. In the metastatic setting, the PIK3CAm group showed a significantly shorter mean PFS (mPFS) with first-line anti-HER2 mAb. The mPFS of second-line T-DM1 was lower in the PIK3CAm group than that in the PIK3CAw group. Sequencing revealed differences in the mutational landscape between PIK3CAm and PIK3CAw tumors.
Conclusion
Patients with HER2+ breast cancer with activating PIK3CA mutations had lower pCR rates and shorter PFS with palliative HER2-targeted therapy than those with wild-type PIK3CA. Precise targeted-therapy is needed to improve survival of patients with HER2+/PIK3CAm breast cancer.

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  • Association of PIK3CA mutation with outcomes in HER2-positive breast cancer treated with anti-HER2 therapy: A meta-analysis and bioinformatic analysis of TCGA‑BRCA data
    Haizhu Chen, Xingbin Hu, Daquan Wang, Ying Wang, Yunfang Yu, Herui Yao
    Translational Oncology.2023; 37: 101738.     CrossRef
  • Appraisal of Systemic Treatment Strategies in Early HER2-Positive Breast Cancer—A Literature Review
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Special Article
Cancer Statistics in Korea: Incidence, Mortality, Survival, and Prevalence in 2021
Eun Hye Park, Kyu-Won Jung, Nam Ju Park, Mee Joo Kang, E Hwa Yun, Hye-Jin Kim, Jeong-Eun Kim, Hyun-Joo Kong, Jeong-Soo Im, Hong Gwan Seo, The Community of Population-Based Regional Cancer Registries
Cancer Res Treat. 2024;56(2):357-371.   Published online March 13, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2024.253
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReaderePub
Purpose
The current study provides national cancer statistics and their secular trends in Korea, including incidence, mortality, survival, and prevalence in 2021.
Materials and Methods
Incidence, survival, and prevalence rates of cancer were calculated using the Korea National Cancer Incidence Database, from 1999 to 2021, with survival follow-up until December 31, 2022. Deaths from cancer were assessed using causes-of-death data obtained from Statistics Korea.
Results
The number of new cancer diagnoses in 2021 increased by 27,002 cases (10.8%) compared to 2020. In 2021, newly diagnosed cancer cases and deaths from cancer were reported as 277,523 (age-standardized rate [ASR], 289.3 per 100,000) and 82,688 (ASR, 67.6 per 100,000), respectively. The overall cancer incidence rates increased by 3.3% annually from 1999 to 2012, and decreased by 5.3% from 2012 to 2015, thereafter, followed by non-significant changes. Cancer mortality rates have been decreasing since 2002, with more rapid decline in recent years (annual decrease of 2.8% from 2002 to 2013; 3.2% from 2013 to 2021). The 5-year relative survival between 2017 and 2021 was 72.1%, which contributed to prevalent cases reaching over 2.4 million in 2021.
Conclusion
In 2021, the number of newly diagnosed cancer patients increased as healthcare utilization recovered from the coronavirus disease 2019–related declines of 2020. Revised cancer registration guidelines expanded the registration scope, particularly for stomach and colorectal cancer. Survival rates have improved over the years, leading to a growing population of cancer survivors, necessitating a comprehensive cancer control strategy. The long-term impact of the pandemic on cancer statistics requires future investigation.

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Original Articles
Hematologic malignancy
Efficacy of Salvage Treatments in Relapsed or Refractory Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma Including Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell Therapy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Jinchul Kim, Jinhyun Cho, Sang Eun Yoon, Won Seog Kim, Seok Jin Kim
Cancer Res Treat. 2023;55(3):1031-1047.   Published online March 13, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2022.1658
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReaderePub
Purpose
We intend to evaluate the efficacy of salvage treatments for relapsed or refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (R/R DLBCL) through meta-analysis.
Materials and Methods
R/R DLBCL trials were divided into two groups based on eligibility for autologous stem-cell transplantation (ASCT), and meta-analysis of each group was performed. Random effects models were used to estimate the 1-year progression-free survival (PFS) rate, and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy was used as reference treatment.
Results
Twenty-six ASCT-eligible cohorts from 17 studies comprising 2,924 patients and 59 ASCT-ineligible cohorts from 53 studies comprising 3,617 patients were included in the pooled analysis. In the ASCT-eligible group, the pooled 1-year PFS rate was 0.40 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.15 to 0.65) for the CAR T-cell group and 0.34 (95% CI, 0.30 to 0.37) for the group with chemotherapy followed by ASCT intention. The two treatments were not significantly different in meta-regression analysis. In the ASCT-ineligible group, the pooled 1-year PFS was 0.40 (95% CI, 0.35 to 0.46) for CAR T-cell, and the highest primary outcome was 0.47 (95% CI, 0.37 to 0.57) for the tafasitamab group. CAR T-cell therapy showed significantly better outcomes than chemotherapy and therapies based on ibrutinib, lenalidomide, and selinexor. However, loncastuximab, polatuzumab plus bendamustine and rituximab, and the tafasitamab group showed no different efficacy than CAR T-cell therapy after adjusting for median number of previous lines of treatment.
Conclusion
Although several regimens were crudely grouped for classification, CAR T-cell therapy did not outperform chemotherapy followed by ASCT in the second-line setting or several recently developed agents in the ASCT-ineligible setting.

Citations

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    Mohammadreza Eslami, Mahdi Mehrabi, Mehrdad Payandeh, Fakhredin Saba, Chen Li
    PLOS ONE.2024; 19(8): e0308247.     CrossRef
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    Loretta J. Nastoupil, Clark R. Andersen, Amy Ayers, Yucai Wang, Thomas M. Habermann, Dai Chihara, Brad S. Kahl, Brian K. Link, Jean L. Koff, Jonathon B. Cohen, Peter Martin, Izidore S. Lossos, Michele Stanchina, Sara Haddadi, Carla Casulo, Sabarish Ayyapp
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Gastrointestinal cancer
Changes in Gut Microbiome upon Orchiectomy and Testosterone Administration in AOM/DSS-Induced Colon Cancer Mouse Model
Chin-Hee Song, Nayoung Kim, Ryoung Hee Nam, Soo In Choi, Jae Young Jang, Ha-Na Lee
Cancer Res Treat. 2023;55(1):196-218.   Published online July 1, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2022.080
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReaderePub
Purpose
Sex hormones are known to affect the gut microbiota. Previously, we reported that endogenous and exogenous testosterone are associated with colorectal cancer (CRC) development and submucosal invasion. In the present study, we investigated whether the gut microbiota is affected by orchiectomy (ORX) and testosterone propionate (TP) administration using an azoxymethane/dextran sulfate sodium (AOM/DSS)-induced CRC mouse model.
Materials and Methods
Gut microbiota was evaluated by means of 16S rRNA gene sequencing of stool DNA extracted from feces that were obtained at 13 weeks after AOM injection (from 22-week-old animals) and stored in a gas-generating pouch.
Results
The increase in microbial diversity (Chao1 and Phylogenetic Diversity index) and Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes (F/B) ratio upon AOM/DSS treatment in ORX mice was significantly decreased by TP supplementation. The ratio of commensal bacteria to opportunistic pathogens was lower in the TP-administered females and ORX mice than in the AOM/DSS group. Opportunistic pathogens (Mucispirillum schaedleri or Akkermansia muciniphila) were identified only in the TP group. In addition, microbial diversity and F/B ratio were higher in male controls than in female and ORX controls. Flintibacter butyricus, Ruminococcus bromii, and Romboutsia timonensis showed similar changes in the male control group as those in the female and ORX controls.
Conclusion
In conclusion, testosterone determines the dysbiosis of gut microbiota, which suggests that it plays a role in the sex-related differences in colorectal carcinogenesis.

Citations

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    Zihong Wu, Yuqing Huang, Renyi Zhang, Chuan Zheng, Fengming You, Min Wang, Chong Xiao, Xueke Li
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    Jianglan Wu
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    Timur Liwinski, Matthias K. Auer, Johanna Schröder, Ina Pieknik, Christian Casar, Dorothee Schwinge, Lara Henze, Günter K. Stalla, Undine E. Lang, Alina von Klitzing, Peer Briken, Thomas Hildebrandt, Jeanne C. Desbuleux, Sarah V. Biedermann, Paul-Martin H
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    Anna Drzazga, Przemysław Bernat, Adriana Nowak, Marcin Szustak, Eliza Korkus, Edyta Gendaszewska-Darmach, Maria Koziołkiewicz
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    Jun Tao, Wen Dai, Yongnan Lyu, Hang Liu, Juan Le, Ting Sun, Qian Yao, Zhiming Zhao, Xuejun Jiang, Yan Li
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    Zihong Wu, Ziming Wang, Jiamei Wang, Chong Xiao, Fengming You, Xueke Li
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    Frances Widjaja, Ivonne M. C. M. Rietjens
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    Dzhuliia Dzhalilova, Natalia Zolotova, Nikolai Fokichev, Olga Makarova
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Pediatric cancer
Epidemiologic and Clinical Outcomes of Pediatric Renal Tumors in Korea: A Retrospective Analysis of The Korean Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Group (KPHOG) Data
Kyung-Nam Koh, Jung Woo Han, Hyoung Soo Choi, Hyoung Jin Kang, Ji Won Lee, Keon Hee Yoo, Ki Woong Sung, Hong Hoe Koo, Kyung Taek Hong, Jung Yoon Choi, Sung Han Kang, Hyery Kim, Ho Joon Im, Seung Min Hahn, Chuhl Joo Lyu, Hee-Jo Baek, Hoon Kook, Kyung Mi Park, Eu Jeen Yang, Young Tak Lim, Seongkoo Kim, Jae Wook Lee, Nack-Gyun Chung, Bin Cho, Meerim Park, Hyeon Jin Park, Byung-Kiu Park, Jun Ah Lee, Jun Eun Park, Soon Ki Kim, Ji Yoon Kim, Hyo Sun Kim, Youngeun Ma, Kyung Duk Park, Sang Kyu Park, Eun Sil Park, Ye Jee Shim, Eun Sun Yoo, Kyung Ha Ryu, Jae Won Yoo, Yeon Jung Lim, Hoi Soo Yoon, Mee Jeong Lee, Jae Min Lee, In-Sang Jeon, Hye Lim Jung, Hee Won Chueh, Seunghyun Won, the Korean Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Group (KPHOG)
Cancer Res Treat. 2023;55(1):279-290.   Published online August 11, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2022.073
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReaderePub
Purpose
Renal tumors account for approximately 7% of all childhood cancers. These include Wilms tumor (WT), clear cell sarcoma of the kidney (CCSK), malignant rhabdoid tumor of the kidney (MRTK), renal cell carcinoma (RCC), congenital mesoblastic nephroma (CMN) and other rare tumors. We investigated the epidemiology of pediatric renal tumors in Korea.
Materials and Methods
From January 2001 to December 2015, data of pediatric patients (0–18 years) newly-diagnosed with renal tumors at 26 hospitals were retrospectively analyzed.
Results
Among 439 patients (male, 240), the most common tumor was WT (n=342, 77.9%), followed by RCC (n=36, 8.2%), CCSK (n=24, 5.5%), MRTK (n=16, 3.6%), CMN (n=12, 2.7%), and others (n=9, 2.1%). Median age at diagnosis was 27.1 months (range 0-225.5) and median follow-up duration was 88.5 months (range 0-211.6). Overall, 32 patients died, of whom 17, 11, 1, and 3 died of relapse, progressive disease, second malignant neoplasm, and treatment-related mortality. Five-year overall survival and event free survival were 97.2% and 84.8% in WT, 90.6% and 82.1% in RCC, 81.1% and 63.6% in CCSK, 60.3% and 56.2% in MRTK, and 100% and 91.7% in CMN, respectively (p < 0.001).
Conclusion
The pediatric renal tumor types in Korea are similar to those previously reported in other countries. WT accounted for a large proportion and survival was excellent. Non-Wilms renal tumors included a variety of tumors and showed inferior outcome, especially MRTK. Further efforts are necessary to optimize the treatment and analyze the genetic characteristics of pediatric renal tumors in Korea.

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  • Congenital Mesoblastic Nephroma Mimic Wilms Tumor on 18F-FDG PET/CT and PET/MR
    Wenzhu Hu, Chunxia Qin, Fuqiang Shao, Mengting Li, Xiaoli Lan
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    洁 林
    Advances in Clinical Medicine.2024; 14(06): 245.     CrossRef
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Hematologic malignancy
Outcomes in Refractory Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma: Results from Two Prospective Korean Cohorts
Jun Ho Yi, Seong Hyun Jeong, Seok Jin Kim, Dok Hyun Yoon, Hye Jin Kang, Youngil Koh, Jin Seok Kim, Won-Sik Lee, Deok-Hwan Yang, Young Rok Do, Min Kyoung Kim, Kwai Han Yoo, Yoon Seok Choi, Whan Jung Yun, Yong Park, Jae-Cheol Jo, Hyeon-Seok Eom, Jae-Yong Kwak, Ho-Jin Shin, Byeong Bae Park, Seong Yoon Yi, Ji-Hyun Kwon, Sung Yong Oh, Hyo Jung Kim, Byeong Seok Sohn, Jong Ho Won, Dae-Sik Hong, Ho-Sup Lee, Gyeong-Won Lee, Cheolwon Suh, Won Seog Kim
Cancer Res Treat. 2023;55(1):325-333.   Published online April 22, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2022.008
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Purpose
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common hematologic malignancy worldwide. Although substantial improvement has been achieved by the frontline rituximab-based chemoimmunotherapy, up to 40%-50% of patients will eventually have relapsed or refractory disease, whose prognosis is extremely dismal.
Materials and Methods
We have carried out two prospective cohort studies that include over 1,500 DLBCL patients treated with rituximab plus CHOP (#NCT01202448 and #NCT02474550). In the current report, we describe the outcomes of refractory DLBCL patients. Patients were defined to have refractory DLBCL if they met one of the followings, not achieving at least partial response after 4 or more cycles of R-CHOP; not achieving at least partial response after 2 or more cycles of salvage therapy; progressive disease within 12 months after autologous stem cell transplantation.
Results
Among 1,581 patients, a total of 260 patients met the criteria for the refractory disease after a median time to progression of 9.1 months. The objective response rate of salvage treatment was 26.4%, and the complete response rate was 9.6%. The median overall survival (OS) was 7.5 months (95% confidence interval, 6.4 to 8.6), and the 2-year survival rate was 22.1%±2.8%. The median OS for each refractory category was not significantly different (p=0.529).
Conclusion
In line with the previous studies, the outcomes of refractory DLBCL patients were extremely poor, which necessitates novel approaches for this population.

Citations

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    Haerim Chung, Hyunsoo Cho
    Blood Research.2023; 58(4): 166.     CrossRef
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    Hongyu Chen, Junmin Wang, Caiyun Zhang, Peilun Ding, Shuxia Tian, Junming Chen, Guang Ji, Tao Wu
    Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy.2022; 153: 113341.     CrossRef
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Lung and Thoracic cancer
Real-World Study of Osimertinib in Korean Patients with Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor T790M Mutation–Positive Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
Jang Ho Lee, Eun Young Kim, Cheol-Kyu Park, Shin Yup Lee, Min ki Lee, Seong-Hoon Yoon, Jeong Eun Lee, Sang Hoon Lee, Seung Joon Kim, Sung Yong Lee, Jun Hyeok Lim, Tae-Won Jang, Seung Hun Jang, Kye Young Lee, Seung Hyeun Lee, Sei Hoon Yang, Dong Won Park, Chan Kwon Park, Hye Seon Kang, Chang Dong Yeo, Chang-Min Choi, Jae Cheol Lee
Cancer Res Treat. 2023;55(1):112-122.   Published online July 19, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2022.381
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReaderePub
Purpose
Although osimertinib is the standard-of-care treatment of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) T790M mutation–positive non–small cell lung cancer, real-world evidence on the efficacy of osimertinib is not enough to reflect the complexity of the entire course of treatment. Herein, we report on the use of osimertinib in patients with EGFR T790M mutation–positive non–small cell lung cancer who had previously received EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) treatment in Korea.
Materials and Methods
Patients with confirmed EGFR T790M after disease progression of prior EGFR-TKI were enrolled and administered osimertinib 80 mg daily. The primary effectiveness outcome was progression-free survival, with time-to-treatment discontinuation, treatment and adverse effects leading to treatment discontinuation, and overall survival being the secondary endpoints.
Results
A total of 558 individuals were enrolled, and 55.2% had investigator-assessed responses. The median progression-free survival was 14.2 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 13.0 to 16.4), and the median time-to-treatment discontinuation was 15.0 months (95% CI, 14.1 to 15.9). The median overall survival was 36.7 months (95% CI, 30.9 to not reached). The benefit with osimertinib was consistent regardless of the age, sex, smoking history, and primary EGFR mutation subtype. However, hepatic metastases at the time of diagnosis, the presence of plasma EGFR T790M, and the shorter duration of prior EGFR-TKI treatment were poor predictors of osimertinib treatment. Ten patients (1.8%), including three with pneumonitis, had to discontinue osimertinib due to severe adverse effects.
Conclusion
Osimertinib demonstrated its clinical effectiveness and survival benefit for EGFR T790M mutation–positive in Korean patients with no new safety signals.

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  • The importance of re-biopsy in the era of molecular therapy for lung cancer
    Nensi Lalic, Daliborka Bursac, Marko Bojovic, Marko Nemet, Ivan Ergelasev
    Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo.2024; 152(3-4): 209.     CrossRef
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    Jieun Park, Boram Lee, Ji-Young Song, Minjung Sung, Mi Jeong Kwon, Chae Rin Kim, Sangjin Lee, Young Kee Shin, Yoon-La Choi
    Pathology.2024; 56(5): 653.     CrossRef
  • Real‐world study of lazertinib as second‐line or greater treatment in advanced non‐small cell lung cancer
    Jeong Uk Lim, Kyuhwan Kim, Kyu Yean Kim, Hye Seon Kang, Ah. Young Shin, Chang Dong Yeo, Sung Kyoung Kim, Chan Kwon Park, Sang Haak Lee, Seung Joon Kim
    Thoracic Cancer.2024; 15(19): 1513.     CrossRef
  • Comparative effectiveness of lazertinib in patients with EGFR T790M-positive non-small-cell lung cancer using a real-world external control
    Ha-Lim Jeon, Meesong Kwak, Sohee Kim, Hye-Yeon Yu, Ju-Young Shin, Hyun Ae Jung
    Scientific Reports.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • A Randomized, Multi-Center, Open Label Study to Compare the Safety and Efficacy between Afatinib Monotherapy and Combination Therapy with HAD-B1 for the Locally Advanced or Metastatic NSCLC Patients with EGFR Mutations
    Eunbin Kwag, Soo-Dam Kim, Seong-Hoon Shin, Chulho Oak, So-Jung Park, Jun-Yong Choi, Seong Hoon Yoon, In-Cheol Kang, Mi-Kyung Jeong, Hyun Woo Lee, Sun-Hwi Bang, Ji Woong Son, Sanghun Lee, Seung Joon Kim, Hwa-Seung Yoo
    Integrative Cancer Therapies.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Clinical utility of repeated rebiopsy for EGFR T790M mutation detection in non-small cell lung cancer
    Eun Hye Lee, Se Hyun Kwak, Kyeong Yeon Kim, Chi Young Kim, Sang Hoon Lee, Seok-Jae Heo, Yoon Soo Chang, Eun Young Kim
    Frontiers in Oncology.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Real-world evidence of osimertinib in Chinese patients with EGFR T790M-positive non-small cell lung cancer: a subgroup analysis from ASTRIS study
    Qing Zhou, He-Long Zhang, Li-Yan Jiang, Yuan-Kai Shi, Yuan Chen, Jin-Ming Yu, Cai-Cun Zhou, Yong He, Yan-Ping Hu, Zong-An Liang, Yue-Yin Pan, Wen-Lei Zhuo, Yong Song, Gang Wu, Gong-Yan Chen, You Lu, Cui-Ying Zhang, Yi-Ping Zhang, Ying Cheng, Shun Lu, Chan
    Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology.2023; 149(12): 10771.     CrossRef
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General
Interlaboratory Comparison Study (Ring Test) of Next-Generation Sequencing–Based NTRK Fusion Detection in South Korea
Seung Eun Lee, Mi-Sook Lee, Yoon Kyung Jeon, Hyo Sup Shim, Jun Kang, Jihun Kim, Yoon-La Choi
Cancer Res Treat. 2023;55(1):28-40.   Published online February 10, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2021.1572
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReaderePub
Purpose
Tropomyosin receptor kinase (TRK) inhibitors are approved for the treatment of neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase (NTRK) fusion-positive tumors. The detection of NTRK fusion using a validated method is required before therapeutic application. An interlaboratory comparison study of next-generation sequencing (NGS)–based NTRK gene fusion detection with validated clinical samples was conducted at six major hospitals in South Korea.
Materials and Methods
A total of 18 samples, including a positive standard reference and eight positive and nine negative clinical samples, were validated using the VENTANA pan-TRK (EPR17341) and TruSight Oncology 500 assays. These samples were then tested using four different NGS panels currently being used at the six participating institutions.
Results
NTRK fusions were not detected in any of the nine negative clinical samples, demonstrating 100% specificity in all six participating institutions. All assays showed 100% analytical sensitivity to identify the NTRK fusion status in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples, although with variable clinical sensitivity. False-negative results were due to low tumor purity, poor RNA quality, and DNA-based sequencing panel. The RNA-based targeted NGS assay showed an overall high success rate of identifying NTRK fusion status in FFPE samples.
Conclusion
This study is the first to test the proficiency of NGS-based NTRK detection in South Korea with the largest participating institutions. RNA-based NGS assays to detect NTRK fusions can accurately characterize fusion transcripts if sufficient RNA of adequate quality is available. The comparative performance data will support the implementation of targeted NGS-based sequencing assays for NTRK fusion detection in routine diagnostics.

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  • Efficient Identification of Patients With NTRK Fusions Using a Supervised Tumor-Agnostic Approach
    Susana Hernandez, Esther Conde, Aida Molero, Ana Suarez-Gauthier, Rebeca Martinez, Marta Alonso, Carlos Plaza, Carmen Camacho, Debora Chantada, Laura Juaneda-Magdalena, Enrique Garcia-Toro, Patricia Saiz-Lopez, Federico Rojo, Mar Abad, Valentina Boni, Sof
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  • Korean Thyroid Association Guidelines on the Management of Differentiated Thyroid Cancers; Part III. Management of Advanced Differentiated Thyroid Cancers - Chapter 4. Systemic Therapy for Progressive Radioiodine-Refractory Differentiated Thyroid Cancer 2
    Dong Yeob Shin, Ho-Cheol Kang, Sun Wook Kim, Dong Gyu Na, Young Joo Park, Young Shin Song, Eun Kyung Lee, Dong-Jun Lim, Yun Jae Chung, Won Gu Kim
    International Journal of Thyroidology.2024; 17(1): 168.     CrossRef
  • CANTRK
    Tracy L. Stockley, Bryan Lo, Adrian Box, Andrea Gomez Corredor, John DeCoteau, Patrice Desmeules, Harriet Feilotter, Daria Grafodatskaya, Wenda Greer, Cynthia Hawkins, Weei Yuarn Huang, Iyare Izevbaye, Guylaine Lépine, Sebastiao N. Martins Filho, Andreas
    The Journal of Molecular Diagnostics.2023; 25(3): 168.     CrossRef
  • NTRK Fusion in a Cohort of BRAF p. V600E Wild-Type Papillary Thyroid Carcinomas
    Seung Eun Lee, Mi-Sook Lee, Heejin Bang, Mi Young Kim, Yoon-La Choi, Young Lyun Oh
    Modern Pathology.2023; 36(8): 100180.     CrossRef
  • Validation and Clinical Application of ONCOaccuPanel for Targeted Next-Generation Sequencing of Solid Tumors
    Moonsik Kim, Changseon Lee, Juyeon Hong, Juhee Kim, Ji Yun Jeong, Nora Jee-Young Park, Ji-Eun Kim, Ji Young Park
    Cancer Research and Treatment.2023; 55(2): 429.     CrossRef
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Adherence to Cancer Prevention Guidelines and Cancer Incidence and Mortality: A Population-Based Cohort Study
Jin-Kyoung Oh, Minji Han, Byungmi Kim, Eun Young Park
Cancer Res Treat. 2023;55(1):15-27.   Published online March 22, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2021.1031
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReaderePub
Purpose
This study aimed to estimate the risk of cancer incidence and mortality according to adherence to lifestyle-related cancer prevention guidelines.
Materials and Methods
Men and women who participated in the general health screening program in 2002 and 2003 provided by the National Health Insurance Service were included (n=8,325,492). Self-reported smoking, alcohol consumption, and physical activity habits and directly measured body mass index were collected. The participants were followed up until the date of cancer onset or death or 31 December 2018. The Cox proportional hazard model was used to evaluate the hazard ratio (HR) for cancer incidence and mortality according to different combinations of lifestyle behaviors.
Results
Only 6% of men and 15% of women engaged in healthy behavior at baseline, such as not smoking, not drinking alcohol, being moderately or highly physically active, and within a normal body mass index range. Compared to the best combination of healthy lifestyle behaviors, the weak and moderate associations with increased all cancer incidence (HR < 1.7) and mortality (HR < 2.5) were observed in those with heavy alcohol consumption and in former or current smokers. HRs of cancer mortality were significantly increased among current smokers in most combinations.
Conclusion
Compared to full adherence to cancer prevention recommendations, unhealthy behaviors increase cancer risk. As few people meet these recommendations, there is a great opportunity for cancer prevention.

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  • Increased risk of cardiovascular disease among kidney cancer survivors: a nationwide population-based cohort study
    Minji Jung, Eunjung Choo, Shufeng Li, Zhengyi Deng, Jinhui Li, Mingyi Li, Satvir Basran, Sukhyang Lee, Marvin E. Langston, Benjamin I. Chung
    Frontiers in Oncology.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Cancer survivors’ adherence to the American cancer society and American institute of cancer research dietary guidelines in Lebanon
    Jana Jabbour, Remie El Helou, Ruba Hadla, Riwa Azar, Maria Mezher, Farah Naja, Sally Temraz
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    Minji Jung, Eunjung Choo, Jinhui Li, Zhengyi Deng, Marvin E. Langston, Sukhyang Lee, Benjamin I. Chung
    Cancer Medicine.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Combinations of lifestyle behaviors and cancer risk among Korean adults
    Ngoc Minh Luu, Thi Tra Bui, Thi Phuong Thao Tran, Thi Huyen Trang Nguyen, Jin-Kyoung Oh
    Scientific Reports.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Chi Lan Tran, Kui Son Choi, Sun‐Young Kim, Jin‐Kyoung Oh
    Cancer Medicine.2023; 12(16): 17389.     CrossRef
  • Tumorkachexie: die Bedeutung von Ernährung und Bewegung in der Onkologie
    Yurdagül Zopf, Hans Joachim Herrmann, Dejan Reljic, Luisa Marie Hardt
    Zeitschrift für Komplementärmedizin.2023; 15(06): 12.     CrossRef
  • Adherence to the World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research and Korean Cancer Prevention Guidelines and cancer risk: a prospective cohort study from the Health Examinees-Gem study
    Jeeyoo Lee, Aesun Shin, Woo-Kyoung Shin, Ji-Yeob Choi, Daehee Kang, Jong-Koo Lee
    Epidemiology and Health.2023; 45: e2023070.     CrossRef
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Breast cancer
Analysis of PIK3CA Mutation Concordance and Frequency in Primary and Different Distant Metastatic Sites in Breast Cancer
Jieun Park, Soo Youn Cho, Eun Sol Chang, Minjung Sung, Ji-Young Song, Kyungsoo Jung, Sung-Su Kim, Young Kee Shin, Yoon-La Choi
Cancer Res Treat. 2023;55(1):145-154.   Published online April 20, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2022.001
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReaderePub
Purpose
The purpose of this study was to investigate the concordance rate of PIK3CA mutations between primary and matched distant metastatic sites in patients with breast cancer and to verify whether there are differences in the frequency of PIK3CA hotspot mutations depending on the metastatic sites involved.
Materials and Methods
Archived formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) specimens of primary breast and matched distant metastatic tumors were retrospectively obtained for 49 patients. Additionally, 40 archived FFPE specimens were independently collected from different breast cancer metastatic sites, which were limited to three common sites: the liver, brain, and lung. PIK3CA mutations were analyzed using droplet digital PCR, including hotspots involving exons 9 and 20.
Results
After analysis of 49 breast tumors with matched metastasis sites, 87.8% showed concordance in PIK3CA mutation status. According to PIK3CA hotspot mutation testing in 89 cases of breast cancer metastatic sites, the proportion of PIK3CA mutations at sites of metastasis involving the liver, brain, and lung was 37.5%, 28.6%, and 42.9%, respectively, which did not result in statistical significance.
Conclusion
The high concordance of PIK3CA mutation status between primary and matched metastasis sites suggests that metastatic sites, regardless of the metastatic organ, could be considered sample sources for PIK3CA mutation testing for improved therapeutic strategies in patients with metastatic breast cancer.

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  • Analysis of PIK3CA mutations in the primary and recurrent tumors of hormone receptor positive/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 negative breast cancer
    Yue Wang, Xin Li, Shuang Zhang, Li Liang, Ling Xu, Yinhua Liu, Ting Li
    Japanese Journal of Clinical Oncology.2024; 54(9): 1024.     CrossRef
  • Discordance of PIK3CA mutational status between primary and metastatic breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis
    Justus Rosin, Ella Svegrup, Antonios Valachis, Ioannis Zerdes
    Breast Cancer Research and Treatment.2023; 201(2): 161.     CrossRef
  • Analytical Performance of Next-Generation Sequencing and RT-PCR on Formalin-Fixed Paraffin-Embedded Tumor Tissues for PIK3CA Testing in HR+/HER2− Breast Cancer
    Konstantinos Venetis, Francesco Pepe, Elisabetta Munzone, Elham Sajjadi, Gianluca Russo, Pasquale Pisapia, Mariia Ivanova, Giuseppina Bonizzi, Davide Vacirca, Alessandra Rappa, Alberto Ranghiero, Sergio Vincenzo Taormina, Giuseppe Viale, Giancarlo Troncon
    Cells.2022; 11(22): 3545.     CrossRef
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  • 291 Download
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Hematologic malignancy
Circulating Tumor DNA–Based Genotyping and Monitoring for Predicting Disease Relapses of Patients with Peripheral T-Cell Lymphomas
Seok Jin Kim, Yeon Jeong Kim, Sang Eun Yoon, Kyung Ju Ryu, Bon Park, Donghyun Park, Duck Cho, Hyun-Young Kim, Junhun Cho, Young Hyeh Ko, Woong-Yang Park, Won Seog Kim
Cancer Res Treat. 2023;55(1):291-303.   Published online March 2, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2022.017
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReaderePub
Purpose
Plasma circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) could reflect the genetic alterations present in tumor tissues. However, there is little information about the clinical relevance of cell-free DNA genotyping in peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL).
Materials and Methods
After targeted sequencing plasma cell-free DNA of patients with various subtypes of PTCL (n=94), we analyzed the mutation profiles of plasma ctDNA samples and their predictive value of dynamic ctDNA monitoring for treatment outcomes.
Results
Plasma ctDNA mutations were detected in 53 patients (56%, 53/94), and the detection rate of somatic mutations was highest in angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (24/31, 77%) and PTCL, not otherwise specified (18/29, 62.1%). Somatic mutations were detected in 51 of 66 genes that were sequenced, including the following top 10 ranked genes: RHOA, CREBBP, KMT2D, TP53, IDH2, ALK, MEF2B, SOCS1, CARD11, and KRAS. In the longitudinal assessment of ctDNA mutation, the difference in ctDNA mutation volume after treatment showed a significant correlation with disease relapse or progression. Thus, a ≥ 1.5-log decrease in genome equivalent (GE) between baseline and the end of treatment showed a significant association with better survival outcomes than a < 1.5-log decrease in GE.
Conclusion
Our results suggest the clinical relevance of plasma ctDNA analysis in patients with PTCL. However, our findings should be validated by a subsequent study with a larger study population and using a broader gene panel.

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  • Feasibility of Circulating Tumor DNA Detection in the Cerebrospinal Fluid of Patients With Central Nervous System Involvement in Large B-Cell Lymphoma
    Seok Jin Kim, Jin Ju Kim, Mi Ri Park, Bon Park, Kyung Ju Ryu, Sang Eun Yoon, Won Seog Kim, Saeam Shin, Seung-Tae Lee
    Annals of Laboratory Medicine.2025; 45(1): 90.     CrossRef
  • Liquid biopsy in T-cell lymphoma: biomarker detection techniques and clinical application
    Zongyao Huang, Yao Fu, Hong Yang, Yehan Zhou, Min Shi, Qingyun Li, Weiping Liu, Junheng Liang, Liuqing Zhu, Sheng Qin, Huangming Hong, Yang Liu
    Molecular Cancer.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Feasibility of Circulating Tumor DNA Analysis in Patients with Follicular Lymphoma
    Sang Eun Yoon, Seung-Ho Shin, Dae Keun Nam, Junhun Cho, Won Seog Kim, Seok Jin Kim
    Cancer Research and Treatment.2024; 56(3): 920.     CrossRef
  • Minimal residual disease detection in lymphoma: methods, procedures and clinical significance
    Sijun Zhang, Xiangyu Wang, Zhenzhen Yang, Mengjie Ding, Mingzhi Zhang, Ken H. Young, Xudong Zhang
    Frontiers in Immunology.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Jun-Ying Li, Li-Ping Zuo, Jian Xu, Chun-Yan Sun
    Blood Reviews.2024; 68: 101237.     CrossRef
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    Bettina Bisig, Karine Lefort, Sylvain Carras, Laurence de Leval
    Human Pathology.2024; : 105679.     CrossRef
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    Laurence de Leval, Philippe Gaulard, Ahmet Dogan
    Blood.2024; 144(18): 1855.     CrossRef
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    Jin Ju Kim, Hyun-Young Kim, Zisun Choi, So yoon Hwang, Hansol Jeong, Jong Rak Choi, Sang Eun Yoon, Won Seog Kim, Sun-Hee Kim, Hee-Jin Kim, Sang-Yong Shin, Seung-Tae Lee, Seok Jin Kim
    Frontiers in Oncology.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Yu-Jia Huo, Wei-Li Zhao
    Seminars in Hematology.2023; 60(3): 173.     CrossRef
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    Margarita Sánchez-Beato, Miriam Méndez, María Guirado, Lucía Pedrosa, Silvia Sequero, Natalia Yanguas-Casás, Luis de la Cruz-Merino, Laura Gálvez, Marta Llanos, Juan Fernando García, Mariano Provencio
    Clinical and Translational Oncology.2023; 26(5): 1043.     CrossRef
  • 6,349 View
  • 281 Download
  • 8 Web of Science
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Breast cancer
Diagnostic Assessment of Deep Learning Algorithms for Frozen Tissue Section Analysis in Women with Breast Cancer
Young-Gon Kim, In Hye Song, Seung Yeon Cho, Sungchul Kim, Milim Kim, Soomin Ahn, Hyunna Lee, Dong Hyun Yang, Namkug Kim, Sungwan Kim, Taewoo Kim, Daeyoung Kim, Jonghyeon Choi, Ki-Sun Lee, Minuk Ma, Minki Jo, So Yeon Park, Gyungyub Gong
Cancer Res Treat. 2023;55(2):513-522.   Published online September 6, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2022.055
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReaderePub
Purpose
Assessing the metastasis status of the sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) for hematoxylin and eosin–stained frozen tissue sections by pathologists is an essential but tedious and time-consuming task that contributes to accurate breast cancer staging. This study aimed to review a challenge competition (HeLP 2019) for the development of automated solutions for classifying the metastasis status of breast cancer patients.
Materials and Methods
A total of 524 digital slides were obtained from frozen SLN sections: 297 (56.7%) from Asan Medical Center (AMC) and 227 (43.4%) from Seoul National University Bundang Hospital (SNUBH), South Korea. The slides were divided into training, development, and validation sets, where the development set comprised slides from both institutions and training and validation set included slides from only AMC and SNUBH, respectively. The algorithms were assessed for area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and measurement of the longest metastatic tumor diameter. The final total scores were calculated as the mean of the two metrics, and the three teams with AUC values greater than 0.500 were selected for review and analysis in this study.
Results
The top three teams showed AUC values of 0.891, 0.809, and 0.736 and major axis prediction scores of 0.525, 0.459, and 0.387 for the validation set. The major factor that lowered the diagnostic accuracy was micro-metastasis.
Conclusion
In this challenge competition, accurate deep learning algorithms were developed that can be helpful for making a diagnosis on intraoperative SLN biopsy. The clinical utility of this approach was evaluated by including an external validation set from SNUBH.

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  • Comparing the diagnostic efficacy of optical coherence tomography and frozen section for margin assessment in breast-conserving surgery: a meta-analysis
    Shishun Fan, Huirui Zhang, Zhenyu Meng, Ang Li, Yuqing Luo, Yueping Liu
    Journal of Clinical Pathology.2024; 77(8): 517.     CrossRef
  • Intraoperative Margin Assessment in Breast Conservation Surgery: A Necessity or a Luxury?
    Srijan Shukla, Nisha Hariharan
    Annals of Surgical Oncology.2023; 30(9): 5314.     CrossRef
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  • 203 Download
  • 2 Web of Science
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Genomic Signatures from Clinical Tumor Sequencing in Patients with Breast Cancer Having Germline BRCA1/2 Mutation
Ju Won Kim, Hyo Eun Kang, Jimi Choi, Seung Gyu Yun, Seung Pil Jung, Soo Yeon Bae, Ji Young You, Yoon-Ji Choi, Yeul Hong Kim, Kyong Hwa Park
Cancer Res Treat. 2023;55(1):155-166.   Published online June 8, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2021.1567
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReaderePub
Purpose
BRCA1 and BRCA2 are among the most important genes involved in DNA repair via homologous recombination (HR). Germline BRCA1/2 (gBRCA1/2)-related cancers have specific characteristics and treatment options but conducting gBRCA1/2 testing and interpreting the genetic imprint are sometimes complicated. Here, we describe the concordance of gBRCA1/2 derived from a panel of clinical tumor tissues using next-generation sequencing (NGS) and genetic aspects of tumors harboring gBRCA1/2 pathogenic variants.
Materials and Methods
Targeted sequencing was performed using available tumor tissue from patients who underwent gBRCA1/2 testing. Comparative genomic analysis was performed according to gBRCA1/2 pathogenicity.
Results
A total of 321 patients who underwent gBRCA1/2 testing were screened, and 26 patients with gBRCA1/2 pathogenic (gBRCA1/2p) variants, eight patients with gBRCA1/2 variants of uncertain significance (VUS; gBRCA1/2v), and 43 patients with gBRCA1/2 wild-type (gBRCA1/2w) were included in analysis. Mutations in TP53 (49.4%) and PIK3CA (23.4%) were frequently detected in all samples. The number of single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) per tumor tissue was higher in the gBRCA1/2w group than that in the gBRCA1/2p group (14.81 vs. 18.86, p=0.278). Tumor mutation burden (TMB) was significantly higher in the gBRCA1/2w group than in the gBRCA1/2p group (10.21 vs. 13.47, p=0.017). Except for BRCA1/2, other HR-related genes were frequently mutated in patients with gBRCA1/2w.
Conclusion
We demonstrated high sensitivity of gBRCA1/2 in tumors analyzed by NGS using a panel of tumor tissues. TMB value and aberration of non-BRCA1/2 HR-related genes differed significantly according to gBRCA1/2 pathogenicity in patients with breast cancer.

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  • Clinico-Pathological Factors Determining Recurrence of Phyllodes Tumors of the Breast: The 25-Year Experience at a Tertiary Cancer Centre
    Baijaeek Sain, Arnab Gupta, Aruni Ghose, Sudip Halder, Vishal Mukherjee, Samir Bhattacharya, Radha Raman Mondal, Aditya Narayan Sen, Bijan Saha, Shravasti Roy, Stergios Boussios
    Journal of Personalized Medicine.2023; 13(5): 866.     CrossRef
  • 6,150 View
  • 203 Download
  • 1 Web of Science
  • 1 Crossref
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Lung and Thoracic cancer
Efficacy and Safety of Ceritinib 450 mg/day with Food and 750 mg/day in Fasted State in Treatment-Naïve Patients with ALK+ Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Results from the ASCEND-8 Asian Subgroup Analysis
Byoung Chul Cho, Dong-Wan Kim, Ullas Batra, Keunchil Park, Sang-We Kim, Cheng-Ta Yang, Pei-Jye Voon, Virote Sriuranpong, K. Govind Babu, Khalid Amin, Yingbo Wang, Paramita Sen, Khemaies Slimane, Sarayut Geater
Cancer Res Treat. 2023;55(1):83-93.   Published online March 25, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2021.1571
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReaderePub
Purpose
Previous report from the ASCEND-8 trial showed consistent efficacy with less gastrointestinal (GI) toxicity in patients with anaplastic lymphoma kinase-rearranged (ALK+) advanced/metastatic non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with ceritinib 450-mg with food compared with 750-mg fasted. In this subgroup analysis, we report outcomes in Asian patients of the ASCEND-8 trial.
Materials and Methods
Key efficacy endpoints were blinded independent review committee (BIRC)–assessed overall response rate (ORR) and duration of response (DOR) evaluated per Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors v1.1. Other efficacy endpoints were investigator-assessed ORR and DOR; BIRC- and investigator-assessed progression-free survival (PFS) and disease control rate; overall survival (OS). Safety was evaluated by frequency and severity of adverse events.
Results
At final data cutoff (6 March 2020), 198 treatment-naïve patients were included in efficacy analysis, of which 74 (37%) comprised the Asian subset; 450-mg fed (n=29), 600-mg fed (n=19), and 750-mg fasted (n=26). Baseline characteristics were mostly comparable across study arms. At baseline, more patients in 450-mg fed arm (44.8%) had brain metastases than in 750-mg fasted arm (26.9%). Per BIRC, patients in the 450-mg fed arm had a numerically higher ORR, 24-month DOR rate and 24-month PFS rate than the 750-mg fasted arm. The 36-month OS rate was 93.1% in 450-mg fed arm and 70.9% in 750-mg fasted arm. Any-grade GI toxicity occurred in 82.8% and 96.2% of patients in the 450-mg fed and 750-mg fasted arms, respectively.
Conclusion
Asian patients with ALK+ advanced/metastatic NSCLC treated with ceritinib 450-mg fed showed numerically higher efficacy and lower GI toxicity than 750-mg fasted patients.

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  • Economic Evaluation of Targeted Therapies for Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase– and ROS1 Fusion–Positive Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer in India
    Dharna Gupta, Nidhi Gupta, Navneet Singh, Shankar Prinja
    JCO Global Oncology.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Uniqueness of lung cancer in Southeast Asia
    Vanita Noronha, Atul Budukh, Pankaj Chaturvedi, Srikanth Anne, Anshu Punjabi, Maheema Bhaskar, Tarini P. Sahoo, Nandini Menon, Minit Shah, Ullas Batra, Shrinidhi Nathany, Rajiv Kumar, Omshree Shetty, Trupti Pai Ghodke, Abhishek Mahajan, Nivedita Chakrabar
    The Lancet Regional Health - Southeast Asia.2024; 27: 100430.     CrossRef
  • Small intestinal metastasis in a lung adenocarcinoma patient with concurrent EML4-ALK V3 and TP53 mutations after distinct responses to tyrosine kinase inhibitors: A case report
    Lingling Zhu, Yingchun Zhao, Yongqian Zhang, Zhai Liu, Wenhua Ma, Ying Guo, Qian Wang, Yan Guo, Hengxu Lv, Min Zhao
    Heliyon.2024; 10(19): e38839.     CrossRef
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Lazertinib versus Gefitinib as First-Line Treatment for EGFR-mutated Locally Advanced or Metastatic NSCLC: LASER301 Korean Subset
Ki Hyeong Lee, Byoung Chul Cho, Myung-Ju Ahn, Yun-Gyoo Lee, Youngjoo Lee, Jong-Seok Lee, Joo-Hang Kim, Young Joo Min, Gyeong-Won Lee, Sung Sook Lee, Kyung-Hee Lee, Yoon Ho Ko, Byoung Yong Shim, Sang-We Kim, Sang Won Shin, Jin-Hyuk Choi, Dong-Wan Kim, Eun Kyung Cho, Keon Uk Park, Jin-Soo Kim, Sang Hoon Chun, Jangyoung Wang, SeokYoung Choi, Jin Hyoung Kang
Cancer Res Treat. 2024;56(1):48-60.   Published online June 27, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2023.453
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReaderePub
Purpose
This subgroup analysis of the Korean subset of patients in the phase 3 LASER301 trial evaluated the efficacy and safety of lazertinib versus gefitinib as first-line therapy for epidermal growth factor receptor mutated (EGFRm) non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
Materials and Methods
Patients with locally advanced or metastatic EGFRm NSCLC were randomized 1:1 to lazertinib (240 mg/day) or gefitinib (250 mg/day). The primary endpoint was investigator-assessed progression-free survival (PFS).
Results
In total, 172 Korean patients were enrolled (lazertinib, n=87; gefitinib, n=85). Baseline characteristics were balanced between the treatment groups. One-third of patients had brain metastases (BM) at baseline. Median PFS was 20.8 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 16.7 to 26.1) for lazertinib and 9.6 months (95% CI, 8.2 to 12.3) for gefitinib (hazard ratio [HR], 0.41; 95% CI, 0.28 to 0.60). This was supported by PFS analysis based on blinded independent central review. Significant PFS benefit with lazertinib was consistently observed across predefined subgroups, including patients with BM (HR, 0.28; 95% CI, 0.15 to 0.53) and those with L858R mutations (HR, 0.36; 95% CI, 0.20 to 0.63). Lazertinib safety data were consistent with its previously reported safety profile. Common adverse events (AEs) in both groups included rash, pruritus, and diarrhoea. Numerically fewer severe AEs and severe treatment–related AEs occurred with lazertinib than gefitinib.
Conclusion
Consistent with results for the overall LASER301 population, this analysis showed significant PFS benefit with lazertinib versus gefitinib with comparable safety in Korean patients with untreated EGFRm NSCLC, supporting lazertinib as a new potential treatment option for this patient population.

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  • First-line treatment of EGFR-mutated non-small cell lung cancer with brain metastases: a systematic review and meta-analysis
    Jietao Ma, Xiaoxue Pang, Shuling Zhang, Letian Huang, Li Sun, Chengbo Han
    Scientific Reports.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
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Psychometric Validation of the Korean Version of the Cancer Survivors’ Unmet Needs (CaSUN) Scale among Korean Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer Survivors
Danbee Kang, Genehee Lee, Sooyeon Kim, Heesu Nam, Sunga Kong, Sungkeun Shim, Jae Kyung Lee, Wonyoung Jung, Sumin Shin, Hong Kwan Kim, Jae Ill Zo, Young Mog Shim, Dong Wook Shin, Juhee Cho
Cancer Res Treat. 2023;55(1):61-72.   Published online February 23, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2021.1583
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Purpose
The purpose of the study was to validate the Korean version of Cancer Survivors’ Unmet Needs (CaSUN) scale among non–small cell lung cancer survivors.
Materials and Methods
Participants were recruited from outpatient clinics at the Samsung Medical Center in Seoul, South Korea, from January to October 2020. Participants completed a survey questionnaire that included the CaSUN. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis and Pearson’s correlations were used to evaluate the reliability and validity of the Korean version of the CaSUN (CaSUN-K). We also tested known-group validity using an independent t test or ANOVA.
Results
In total, 949 provided informed consent and all of which completed the questionnaire. Among the 949 patients, 529 (55.7%) were male; the mean age and median time since the end of active treatment (standard deviation) was 63.4±8.8 years and the median was 18 months. Although the factor loadings were different from those for the original scale, the Cronbach’s alpha coefficients of the six domains in the CaSUN-K ranged from 0.68 to 0.95, indicating satisfactory internal consistency. In the CFA, the goodness-of-fit indices for the CaSUN-K were high. Moderate correlations demonstrated the convergent validity of CaSUN-K with the relevant questionnaire. More than 60% of the participants reported information-related unmet needs, and the CaSUN-K discriminated between the needs reported by the different subgroups that we analyzed.
Conclusion
The CaSUN-K is a reliable and valid measure for assessing the unmet needs in a cancer population, thus this tool help population to receive timely, targeted, and relevant care.

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  • Supporting Life Adjustment in Patients With Lung Cancer Through a Comprehensive Care Program: Protocol for a Controlled Before-and-After Trial
    Wonyoung Jung, Alice Ahn, Genehee Lee, Sunga Kong, Danbee Kang, Dongok Lee, Tae Eun Kim, Young Mog Shim, Hong Kwan Kim, Jongho Cho, Juhee Cho, Dong Wook Shin
    JMIR Research Protocols.2024; 13: e54707.     CrossRef
  • Validity and Reliability of a Simplified Chinese Version of Cancer Survivors' Unmet Needs Scale (CaSUN)
    Xiaojingyuan Xu, Xiaoyun Liang, Shiquan Yin
    Psycho-Oncology.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Unmet Supportive Care Needs after Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Resection at a Tertiary Hospital in Seoul, South Korea
    Junhee Park, Wonyoung Jung, Genehee Lee, Danbee Kang, Young Mog Shim, Hong Kwan Kim, Ansuk Jeong, Juhee Cho, Dong Wook Shin
    Healthcare.2023; 11(14): 2012.     CrossRef
  • Kanserden Kurtulanların Karşılanmayan İhtiyaçları Ölçeğinin Türkçeye Uyarlanması: Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması
    Gülyeter Erdoğan Yüce, Gamze Muz, Ayser Döner
    Hacettepe Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi Dergisi.2023; 10(3): 264.     CrossRef
  • Psychometric properties of the Slovenian version of the Cancer Survivors’ Unmet Needs (CaSUN-SL) measure in post-treatment cancer survivors
    Špela Miroševič, Polona Selič-Zupančič, Judith Prins, Vesna Homar, Zalika Klemenc-Ketiš
    BMC Psychology.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
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Genitourinary cancer
Neoadjuvant Nivolumab Plus Gemcitabine/Cisplatin Chemotherapy in Muscle-Invasive Urothelial Carcinoma of the Bladder
Hongsik Kim, Byong Chang Jeong, Joohyun Hong, Ghee Young Kwon, Chan Kyo Kim, Won Park, Hongryull Pyo, Wan Song, Hyun Hwan Sung, Jung Yong Hong, Se Hoon Park
Cancer Res Treat. 2023;55(2):636-642.   Published online October 6, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2022.343
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Purpose
The activity and safety of neoadjuvant nivolumab plus gemcitabine/cisplatin (N+GC) were tested in patients with muscle-invasive bladder urothelial carcinoma (MIBC).
Materials and Methods
In a prospective phase II trial, patients with cT2-T4a N0 MIBC who were eligible for cisplatin and medically appropriate to undergo radical cystectomy (RC) were enrolled. Treatment with nivolumab 3 mg/kg on days 1 and 15 plus GC (cisplatin 70 mg/m2 on day 1, and gemcitabine 1,000 mg/m2 on days 1, 8, and 15) was repeated every 28 days up to 3 or 4 cycles, depending on the surgery schedules. The primary endpoint was pathologic complete response (pCR, ypT0). Secondary endpoints included pathologic downstaging (≤ ypT1), disease-free survival (DFS), and safety.
Results
Between September 2019 and October 2020, 51 patients were enrolled. Neoadjuvant N+GC was well tolerated. Among 49 patients who completed neoadjuvant N+GC, clinical complete response (cCR) was achieved in 59% of intent-to-treat (ITT) population. RC was performed in 34 (69%) patients. pCR was achieved in 24% (12/49) of ITT population and 35% (12/34) of RC patients. Median DFS was not reached. Over a median follow-up of 24 months, 12 patients experienced disease recurrence and were treated with palliative therapy or surgery. Although 12 patients declined surgery and were treated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy, DFS was longer in patients with cCR after neoadjuvant therapy than those without. Preoperative programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) did not correlate with pCR or pathologic downstaging rates.
Conclusion
Neoadjuvant N+GC was feasible and provided meaningful pathologic responses in patients with MIBC, regardless of baseline PD-L1 expression (ONO-4538-X41; CRIS.nih.go.kr, KCT0003804).

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  • Evaluating Neoadjuvant Immunochemotherapeutic Response for Bladder Carcinoma Using Amide Proton Transfer-Weighted MRI
    Lingmin Kong, Bei Weng, Qian Cai, Ling Ma, Wenxin Cao, Yanling Chen, Long Qian, Yan Guo, Junxing Chen, Huanjun Wang
    Academic Radiology.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Efficacy and safety of neoadjuvant PD-1 inhibitors or PD-L1 inhibitors for muscle invasive bladder cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis
    Shibo Huang, Yanping Huang, Chunyan Li, Yiwen Liang, Miaoyan Huang, Raoshan Luo, Weiming Liang
    Frontiers in Immunology.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • What’s new about the tumor microenvironment of urothelial carcinoma?
    João Queirós Coelho, Maria João Ramos, Ridhi Ranchor, Rita Pichel, Laura Guerra, Hugo Miranda, Joana Simões, Sérgio Xavier Azevedo, Joana Febra, António Araújo
    Clinical and Translational Oncology.2024; 26(7): 1549.     CrossRef
  • A bibliometric insight into neoadjuvant chemotherapy in bladder cancer: trends, collaborations, and future avenues
    Yi Huang, Chengxiao Liao, Zefeng Shen, Yitong Zou, Weibin Xie, Qinghua Gan, Yuhui Yao, JunJiong Zheng, Jianqiu Kong
    Frontiers in Immunology.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Bladder-sparing treatment using tislelizumab combined with gemcitabine/cisplatin in selected patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer: a real-world study
    Cheng Luo, Shuhang Luo, Wumier Wusimanjiang, Zongren Wang, Ping Liu, Bin Wang, Dan Yuan, Hao Lin, Abai Xu, Nan Deng, Kaihui Wu, Xuejin Zhu, Peng Xu, Junxing Chen, Bin Huang
    Clinical and Translational Oncology.2024; 26(7): 1759.     CrossRef
  • Neoadjuvant Cisplatin-Based Chemotherapy Followed by Selective Bladder Preservation Chemoradiotherapy in Muscle-Invasive Urothelial Carcinoma of the Bladder: Post Hoc Analysis of Two Prospective Studies
    Sung Wook Cho, Sung Hee Lim, Ghee Young Kwon, Chan Kyo Kim, Won Park, Hongryull Pyo, Jae Hoon Chung, Wan Song, Hyun Hwan Sung, Byong Chang Jeong, Se Hoon Park
    Cancer Research and Treatment.2024; 56(3): 893.     CrossRef
  • Perioperative Durvalumab with Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Operable Bladder Cancer
    Thomas Powles, James W.F. Catto, Matthew D. Galsky, Hikmat Al-Ahmadie, Joshua J. Meeks, Hiroyuki Nishiyama, Toan Quang Vu, Lorenzo Antonuzzo, Pawel Wiechno, Vagif Atduev, Ariel G. Kann, Tae-Hwan Kim, Cristina Suárez, Chao-Hsiang Chang, Florian Roghmann, M
    New England Journal of Medicine.2024; 391(19): 1773.     CrossRef
  • Klassische Chemotherapie, Immuntherapie oder adjuvante Strahlentherapie – Wie können wir die onkologischen Ergebnisse der radikalen Zystektomie verbessern?
    Pia Paffenholz, Stefanie Zschäbitz
    Die Urologie.2024; 63(10): 994.     CrossRef
  • Recent developments in perioperative combination therapy in muscle-invasive bladder cancer
    Jan-Jaap J. Mellema, Bas W.G. van Rhijn, Michiel S. van der Heijden
    Current Opinion in Urology.2023; 33(5): 404.     CrossRef
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Lung and Thoracic cancer
Cancer-Specific Sequences in the Diagnosis and Treatment of NUT Carcinoma
Mi-Sook Lee, Sungbin An, Ji-Young Song, Minjung Sung, Kyungsoo Jung, Eun Sol Chang, Juyoung Choi, Doo-Yi Oh, Yoon Kyung Jeon, Hobin Yang, Chaithanya Lakshmi, Sehhoon Park, Joungho Han, Se-Hoon Lee, Yoon-La Choi
Cancer Res Treat. 2023;55(2):452-467.   Published online October 14, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2022.910
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReaderePub
Purpose
NUT carcinoma (NC) is a solid tumor caused by the rearrangement of NUTM1 that usually develops in midline structures, such as the thorax. No standard treatment has been established despite high lethality. Thus, we investigated whether targeting the junction region of NUTM1 fusion breakpoints could serve as a potential treatment option for NC.
Materials and Methods
We designed and evaluated a series of small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) targeting the junction region of BRD4-NUTM1 fusion (B4N), the most common form of NUTM1 fusion. Droplet digital polymerase chain reaction using the blood of patients was also tested to evaluate the treatment responses by the junction sequence of the B4N fusion transcripts.
Results
As expected, the majority of NC fusion types were B4N (12 of 18, 67%). B4N fusion-specific siRNA treatment on NC cells showed specific inhibitory effects on the B4N fusion transcript and fusion protein without affecting the endogenous expression of the parent genes, resulting in decreased relative cell growth and attenuation of tumor size. In addition, the fusion transcript levels in platelet-rich-plasma samples of the NC patients with systemic metastasis showed a negative correlation with therapeutic effect, suggesting its potential as a measure of treatment responsiveness.
Conclusion
This study suggests that tumor-specific sequences could be used to treat patients with fusion genes as part of precision medicine for a rare but deadly disease.

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  • Indirect targeting of MYC and direct targeting in combination with chemotherapies are more effective than direct mono-targeting in triple negative breast cancer
    Negesse Mekonnen, Hobin Yang, Nirmal Rajasekaran, Kyoung Song, Yoon-La Choi, Young Kee Shin
    Translational Oncology.2025; 51: 102204.     CrossRef
  • NUT-midline carcinoma of the lung with rare BRD3-NUTM1 fusion
    Prerana Jha, Vaishakhi Trivedi, Nandini Menon, Minit Shah, Irene A George, Rohit Mishra, Trupti Pai, Fuzail Ahmad, Venkataramanan Ramachandran, Vanita Noronha, Kumar Prabhash, Prashant Kumar
    Cancer Research, Statistics, and Treatment.2024; 7(1): 110.     CrossRef
  • 5,867 View
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Genitourinary cancer
PD-L1 Upregulation by the mTOR Pathway in VEGFR-TKI–Resistant Metastatic Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma
Se Un Jeong, Hee Sang Hwang, Ja-Min Park, Sun Young Yoon, Su-Jin Shin, Heounjeong Go, Jae-Lyun Lee, Gowun Jeong, Yong Mee Cho
Cancer Res Treat. 2023;55(1):231-244.   Published online March 2, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2021.1526
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReaderePub
Purpose
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) targeting vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) signaling pathways have been used for metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma (mCCRCC), but resistance to the drug develops in most patients. We aimed to explore the underlying mechanism of the TKI resistance with regard to programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and to investigate signaling pathway associated with the resistant mechanism.
Materials and Methods
To determine the mechanism of resistance, 10 mCCRCC patients from whom tumor tissues were harvested at both the pretreatment and the TKI-resistant post-treatment period were included as the discovery cohort, and their global gene expression profiles were compared. A TKI-resistant renal cancer cell line was established by long-term treatment with sunitinib.
Results
Among differentially expressed genes in the discovery cohort, increased PD-L1 expression in post-treatment tissues was noted in four patients. Pathway analysis showed that PD-L1 expression was positively correlated with the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway. The TKI-resistant renal cancer cells showed increased expression of PD-L1 and mTOR signaling proteins and demonstrated aggressive tumoral behaviour. Treatment with mTOR inhibitors down-regulated PD-L1 expression and suppressed aggressive tumoral behaviour, which was reversed with stimulation of the mTOR pathway.
Conclusion
These results showed that PD-L1 expression may be increased in a subset of VEGFR-TKI–resistant mCCRCC patients via the mTOR pathway.

Citations

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  • IFITM3-mediated activation of TRAF6/MAPK/AP-1 pathways induces acquired TKI resistance in clear cell renal cell carcinoma
    Se Un Jeong, Ja-Min Park, Sun Young Yoon, Hee Sang Hwang, Heounjeong Go, Dong-Myung Shin, Hyein Ju, Chang Ohk Sung, Jae-Lyun Lee, Gowun Jeong, Yong Mee Cho
    Investigative and Clinical Urology.2024; 65(1): 84.     CrossRef
  • Targeting apoptosis in clear cell renal cell carcinoma
    Adam Kowalewski, Jędrzej Borowczak, Mateusz Maniewski, Karol Gostomczyk, Dariusz Grzanka, Łukasz Szylberg
    Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy.2024; 175: 116805.     CrossRef
  • Therapeutic advances of targeting receptor tyrosine kinases in cancer
    Ciprian Tomuleasa, Adrian-Bogdan Tigu, Raluca Munteanu, Cristian-Silviu Moldovan, David Kegyes, Anca Onaciu, Diana Gulei, Gabriel Ghiaur, Hermann Einsele, Carlo M. Croce
    Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Mechanisms of sunitinib resistance in renal cell carcinoma and associated opportunities for therapeutics
    Yunxia Wang, Xiaolin Liu, Luyao Gong, Weihong Ding, Wenjing Hao, Yeheng Peng, Jun Zhang, Weimin Cai, Yuan Gao
    British Journal of Pharmacology.2023; 180(23): 2937.     CrossRef
  • Prior Anti-Angiogenic TKI-Based Treatment as Potential Predisposing Factor to Nivolumab-Mediated Recurrent Thyroid Disorder Adverse Events in mRCC Patients: A Case Series
    Luigi Liguori, Angelo Luciano, Giovanna Polcaro, Alessandro Ottaiano, Marco Cascella, Francesco Perri, Stefano Pepe, Francesco Sabbatino
    Biomedicines.2023; 11(11): 2974.     CrossRef
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Gastrointestinal cancer
Establishing Patient-Derived Cancer Cell Cultures and Xenografts in Biliary Tract Cancer
Jihoon Kang, Ji-Young Lee, Sunmin Lee, Danbee Kim, Jinyeong Lim, Ha Ra Jun, Seyeon Jeon, Young-Ae Kim, Hye Seon Park, Kyu-pyo Kim, Sung-Min Chun, Hee Jin Lee, Changhoon Yoo
Cancer Res Treat. 2023;55(1):219-230.   Published online April 6, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2021.1166
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReaderePub
Purpose
Biliary tract cancers (BTCs) are rare and show a dismal prognosis with limited treatment options. To improve our understanding of these heterogeneous tumors and develop effective therapeutic agents, suitable preclinical models reflecting diverse tumor characteristics are needed. We established and characterized new patient-derived cancer cell cultures and patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models using malignant ascites from five patients with BTC.
Materials and Methods
Five patient-derived cancer cell cultures and three PDX models derived from malignant ascites of five patients with BTC, AMCBTC-01, -02, -03, -04, and -05, were established. To characterize the models histogenetically and confirm whether characteristics of the primary tumor were maintained, targeted sequencing and histopathological comparison between primary tissue and xenograft tumors were performed.
Results
From malignant ascites of five BTC patients, five patient-derived cancer cell cultures (100% success rate), and three PDXs (60% success rate) were established. The morphological characteristics of three primary xenograft tumors were compared with those of matched primary tumors, and they displayed a similar morphology. The mutated genes in samples (models, primary tumor tissue, or both) from more than one patient were TP53 (n=2), KRAS (n=2), and STK11 (n=2). Overall, the pattern of commonly mutated genes in BTC cell cultures was different from that in commercially available BTC cell lines.
Conclusion
We successfully established the patient-derived cancer cell cultures and xenograft models derived from malignant ascites in BTC patients. These models accompanied by different genetic characteristics from commercially available models will help better understand BTC biology.

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  • Creation and Validation of Patient-Derived Cancer Model Using Peritoneal and Pleural Effusion in Patients with Advanced Ovarian Cancer: An Early Experience
    Ruri Nishie, Tomohito Tanaka, Kensuke Hirosuna, Shunsuke Miyamoto, Hikaru Murakami, Hiromitsu Tsuchihashi, Akihiko Toji, Shoko Ueda, Natsuko Morita, Sousuke Hashida, Atsushi Daimon, Shinichi Terada, Hiroshi Maruoka, Hiromi Konishi, Yuhei Kogata, Kohei Tan
    Journal of Clinical Medicine.2024; 13(9): 2718.     CrossRef
  • 5,800 View
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  • 1 Crossref
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Lung and Thoracic cancer
Real World Characteristics and Clinical Outcomes of HER2-Mutant Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients Detected by Next-Generation Sequencing
Beung-Chul Ahn, Ye-Jeong Han, Hye Ryun Kim, Min Hee Hong, Byoung Chul Cho, Sun Min Lim
Cancer Res Treat. 2023;55(2):488-497.   Published online November 9, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2022.359
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReaderePub
Purpose
This study was conducted to investigate the clinical characteristics of patients with advanced non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) harboring human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) mutations and to evaluate response to standard treatment and HER2-targeted agents.
Materials and Methods
Using tissue and/or blood next-generation sequencing, we identified 44 patients with NSCLC harboring HER2 mutations who were treated at Severance Hospital between December 2016 and February 2021. Clinical data, including patient characteristics, mutation status, incidence of metastasis for distant lesions, and response to chemotherapy, were retrospectively analyzed.
Results
The median age was 58 years, and 61% of the patients were female. Most patients (64%) were never-smokers. Adenocarcinoma was the most predominant subtype (98%). A total of 66% of the patients had extrathoracic metastatic lesions, and 32% had intracranial lesions at initial presentation. The median time to the development of brain metastasis was 15.6 months (range, 2.4 to 43.7). The most common type of HER2 mutation was 12 base pair in-frame insertion in exon 20, A775_G776insYVMA. Of the 44 patients, two had concomitant driver mutations, one with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation (V769M), and one with BRAF mutation (V600E). Patients treated with pemetrexed-based chemotherapy (75%) had an overall response rate (ORR) and progression-free survival (PFS) of 30% and 8.3 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 3.9 to 12.7), respectively. The ORR and PFS of HER2-targeted agent treated patients (14%) were 0.0% and 1.9 months (95% CI, 0.1 to 2.8), respectively.
Conclusion
Given its distinct characteristics and treatment responses, novel treatment strategies for HER2-mutant NSCLC should be developed promptly to improve survival outcomes of patients.

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  • Prognostic factors in non-metastatic HER2 ‘low’ and HER2 ‘negative’ breast cancer: single institute experience
    Alper Türkel, Mutlu Doğan, Elif Sertesen, Cengiz Karaçin, Sultan Çiğdem Irkkan, Öztürk Ateş
    Wiener klinische Wochenschrift.2024; 136(11-12): 340.     CrossRef
  • Clinicopathologic and Molecular Characteristics of HER2 (ERBB2)-Altered Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Implications for Precision Medicine
    Yurimi Lee, Boram Lee, Yoon-La Choi, Dong-Wook Kang, Joungho Han
    Modern Pathology.2024; 37(6): 100490.     CrossRef
  • Current status and breakthroughs in treating advanced non-small cell lung cancer with EGFR exon 20 insertion mutations
    Meng Hu, Congying Zhong, Jiabing Wang, JinQin Chen, Tao Zhou
    Frontiers in Immunology.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Efficacy of chemotherapy plus immune checkpoint inhibitors in patients with non-small cell lung cancer who have rare oncogenic driver mutations: a retrospective analysis
    Teppei Yamaguchi, Junichi Shimizu, Reiko Matsuzawa, Naohiro Watanabe, Yoshitsugu Horio, Yutaka Fujiwara
    BMC Cancer.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Antibody–Drug Conjugates for the Treatment of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer with Central Nervous System Metastases
    David J. H. Bian, Sara F. Cohen, Anna-Maria Lazaratos, Nathaniel Bouganim, Matthew Dankner
    Current Oncology.2024; 31(10): 6314.     CrossRef
  • Real-World Clinical Outcomes for Patients with EGFR and HER2 Exon 20 Insertion-Mutated Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer
    Kelly Li, Ian Bosdet, Stephen Yip, Cheryl Ho, Janessa Laskin, Barbara Melosky, Ying Wang, Sophie Sun
    Current Oncology.2023; 30(8): 7099.     CrossRef
  • 5,777 View
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Close layer
Breast cancer
Impacts of Subtype on Clinical Feature and Outcome of Male Breast Cancer: Multicenter Study in Korea (KCSG BR16-09)
Jieun Lee, Keun Seok Lee, Sung Hoon Sim, Heejung Chae, Joohyuk Sohn, Gun Min Kim, Kyung-Hee Lee, Su Hwan Kang, Kyung Hae Jung, Jae-ho Jeong, Jae Ho Byun, Su-Jin Koh, Kyoung Eun Lee, Seungtaek Lim, Hee Jun Kim, Hye Sung Won, Hyung Soon Park, Guk Jin Lee, Soojung Hong, Sun Kyung Baek, Soon Il Lee, Moon Young Choi, In Sook Woo
Cancer Res Treat. 2023;55(1):123-135.   Published online March 24, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2021.1561
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReaderePub
Purpose
The treatment of male breast cancer (MBC) has been extrapolated from female breast cancer (FBC) because of its rarity despite their different clinicopathologic characteristics. We aimed to investigate the distribution of intrinsic subtypes based on immunohistochemistry, their clinical impact, and treatment pattern in clinical practice through a multicenter study in Korea.
Materials and Methods
We retrospectively analyzed clinical data of 248 MBC patients from 18 institutions across the country from January 1995 to July 2016.
Results
The median age of MBC patients was 63 years (range, 25 to 102 years). Among 148 intrinsic subtype classified patients, 61 (41.2%), 44 (29.7%), 29 (19.5%), and 14 (9.5%) were luminal A, luminal B, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, and triple-negative breast cancer, respectively. Luminal A subtype showed trends for superior survival compared to other subtypes. Most hormone receptor-positive patients (166 patients, 82.6%) received adjuvant endocrine treatment. Five-year completion of adjuvant endocrine treatment was associated with superior disease-free survival (DFS) in patients classified with an intrinsic subtype (hazard ratio [HR], 0.15; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.04 to 0.49; p=0.002) and in all patients (HR, 0.16; 95% CI, 0.05 to 0.54; p=0.003).
Conclusion
Distribution of subtypes of MBC was similar to FBC and luminal type A was most common. Overall survival tended to be improved for luminal A subtype, although there was no statistical significance. Completion of adjuvant endocrine treatment was associated with prolonged DFS in intrinsic subtype classified patients. MBC patients tended to receive less treatment. MBC patients should receive standard treatment according to guidelines as FBC patients.

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  • Clinicopathologic Features and Prognoses of Male Patients With Breast Cancer
    Meiling Huang, Jingjing Xiao, Changjiao Yan, Rui Ling, Ting Wang
    American Journal of Men's Health.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
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Lung and Thoracic cancer
The Role of Adjuvant Therapy Following Surgical Resection of Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Multi-Center Study
Seong Yong Park, Samina Park, Geun Dong Lee, Hong Kwan Kim, Sehoon Choi, Hyeong Ryul Kim, Yong-Hee Kim, Dong Kwan Kim, Seung-Il Park, Tae Hee Hong, Yong Soo Choi, Jhingook Kim, Jong Ho Cho, Young Mog Shim, Jae Ill Zo, Kwon Joong Na, In Kyu Park, Chang Hyun Kang, Young-Tae Kim, Byung Jo Park, Chang Young Lee, Jin Gu Lee, Dae Joon Kim, Hyo Chae Paik
Cancer Res Treat. 2023;55(1):94-102.   Published online June 9, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2022.290
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReaderePub
Purpose
This multi-center, retrospective study was conducted to evaluate the long-term survival in patients who underwent surgical resection for small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and to identify the benefit of adjuvant therapy following surgery.
Materials and Methods
The data of 213 patients who underwent surgical resection for SCLC at four institutions were retrospectively reviewed. Patients who received neoadjuvant therapy or an incomplete resection were excluded.
Results
The mean patient age was 65.29±8.93 years, and 184 patients (86.4%) were male. Lobectomies and pneumonectomies were performed in 173 patients (81.2%), and 198 (93%) underwent systematic mediastinal lymph node dissections. Overall, 170 patients (79.8%) underwent adjuvant chemotherapy, 42 (19.7%) underwent radiotherapy to the mediastinum, and 23 (10.8%) underwent prophylactic cranial irradiation. The median follow-up period was 31.08 months (interquartile range, 13.79 to 64.52 months). The 5-year overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival were 53.4% and 46.9%, respectively. The 5-year OS significantly improved after adjuvant chemotherapy in all patients (57.4% vs. 40.3%, p=0.007), and the survival benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy was significant in patients with negative node pathology (70.8% vs. 39.7%, p=0.004). Adjuvant radiotherapy did not affect the 5-year OS (54.6% vs. 48.5%, p=0.458). Age (hazard ratio [HR], 1.032; p=0.017), node metastasis (HR, 2.190; p < 0.001), and adjuvant chemotherapy (HR, 0.558; p=0.019) were associated with OS.
Conclusion
Adjuvant chemotherapy after surgical resection in patients with SCLC improved the OS, though adjuvant radiotherapy to the mediastinum did not improve the survival or decrease the locoregional recurrence rate.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Application of postoperative adjuvant radiotherapy in limited-stage small cell lung cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis
    Chuanhao Zhang, Genghao Zhao, Huajian Wu, Jianing Jiang, Wenyue Duan, Zhijun Fan, Zhe Wang, Ruoyu Wang
    Radiotherapy and Oncology.2024; 193: 110123.     CrossRef
  • A 15-Gene-Based Risk Signature for Predicting Overall Survival in SCLC Patients Who Have Undergone Surgical Resection
    Sevcan Atay
    Cancers.2023; 15(21): 5219.     CrossRef
  • 5,727 View
  • 140 Download
  • 2 Web of Science
  • 2 Crossref
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