Single Immunochemical Fecal Occult Blood Test for Detection of Colorectal Neoplasia

Dae Kyung Sohn; Seung-Yong Jeong; Hyo Seong Choi; Seok-Byung Lim; Jin Myeong Huh; Dae-Hyun Kim; Dae Yong Kim; Young Hoon Kim; Hee Jin Chang; Kyung Hae Jung; Joong-Bae Ahn; Hyun Kyung Kim; Jae-Gahb Park

doi:10.4143/crt.2005.37.1.20

Articles

Page Path: HOME > Cancer Res Treat > Volume 37(1); 2005 > Article

Original Article Single Immunochemical Fecal Occult Blood Test for Detection of Colorectal Neoplasia: Dae Kyung Sohn, M.D., Seung-Yong Jeong, M.D., Hyo Seong Choi, M.D., Seok-Byung Lim, M.D., Jin Myeong Huh, M.D., Dae-Hyun Kim, M.D., Dae Yong Kim, M.D., Young Hoon Kim, M.D., Hee Jin Chang, M.D., Kyung Hae Jung, M.D., Joong-Bae Ahn, M.D., Hyun Kyung Kim, M.D., Jae-Gahb Park, M.D.; Cancer Research and Treatment : Official Journal of Korean Cancer Association 2005;37(1):20-23.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2005.37.1.20
Published online: February 28, 2005

Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea.

Correspondence: Jae-Gahb Park, Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center 809, Madu-dong, Ilsan-gu, Goyang, Korea. (Tel) 82-31-920-1501, (Fax) 82-31-920-0002, park@ncc.re.kr

• Received: November 21, 2004 • Accepted: December 24, 2004

10,995 Views
89 Download
30 Crossref

prev next

Full Article

Download PDF

Abstract

Purpose
This study was designed to investigate the validity of a single immunochemical fecal occult blood test (FOBT) for detection of colorectal neoplasia.
Materials and Methods
A total of 3,794 average-risk screenees and 304 colorectal cancer patients admitted to the National Cancer Center, Korea, between May 2001 and November 2002, were studied prospectively. All screenees and admitted patients underwent FOBT and total colonoscopic examinations. Stools were self-collected, and examined using an immunochemical fecal occult blood test (OC-hemodia®, Eiken Chemical Co. Tokyo, Japan) and an OC-sensor analyzer® (Eiken Chemical Co. Tokyo, Japan).
Results
Of the 3,794 asymptomatic screenees, the colonoscopy identified colorectal adenomas and cancers in 613 (16.2%) and 12 (0.3%) subjects, respectively. The sensitivities of a single immunochemical FOBT for detecting colorectal cancers and adenomas in screenees were 25.0 and 2.4%, respectively. The false positive rate of FOBT for colorectal cancer in screenees was 1.19%. For the total 316 colorectal cancer cases (including 12 cases from screenees), the FOBT sensitivities according to the T-stage were 38.5, 75.0%, 78.9 and 79.2% for T1, 2, 3 and 4 cancers, respectively. The sensitivities according to the Dukes stages A, B and C were 63.4, 79.3 and 78.6%, respectively.
Conclusion
The sensitivities of a single immunochemical FOBT for detecting colorectal cancers and adenomas in screenees were 25.0 and 2.4%, respectively. The sensitivities of FOBT were about 80% for Dukes B or C colorectal cancers and 63.4% for Dukes A.
Key words: Fecal occult blood test, Screening, Colorectal neoplasm, Stage

INTRODUCTION

Colorectal cancer is common in the Western world, and a significant cause of death. In Eastern Europe, Japan and Korea, although the incidence of colorectal cancer is lower than that in Western countries, a sharp increase in cases has occurred (1~3).

Despite its increasing incidence, treatments for advanced colorectal cancer are not satisfactory. Currently, the ideal method for decreasing mortality from colorectal cancer is early detection of the malignancy (4,5).

Screening methods for colorectal cancer include the fecal occult blood test (FOBT), barium enema, sigmoidoscopy and colonoscopy. Large randomized controlled trials have shown that FOBT screening can result in decreased colorectal cancer mortality (6~8). However, using FOBT, the rates of false positive and false negative results are too high, and the sensitivities for detecting early stage colorectal cancer or adenoma are not satisfactory. Immunochemical modifications have recently been introduced to overcome these limitations to conventional guaiac-based FOBT (9,10).

Here, we report on a study designed to investigate the validity of a single immunochemical fecal occult blood test for the detection of colorectal neoplasia.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Three thousand seven hundred and ninety four asymptomatic average-risk screenees, and three hundred and four colorectal cancer patients, admitted to the National Cancer Center, Korea, between May 2001 and November 2002 were studied prospectively. All screenees and colorectal cancer patients underwent FOBT and total colonoscopic examinations.

In the screenee group, all subjects visited the Center for Cancer Prevention & Detection, the National Cancer Center, Korea, for a medical check-up. The subjects with a previous colorectal pathology, such as colorectal cancers or polyps, and who had a family history of FAP or HNPCC were excluded. Subjects with recent colorectal symptoms, such as abdominal pain, diarrhea, constipation and hematochezia, were also excluded.

All three hundred and four colorectal cancer patients underwent colorectal resection surgery at the Center for Colorectal Cancer, the National Cancer Center, Korea. The tumor specimens were pathologically classified by T and Dukes stages (11).

For the total colonoscopic examination, the colonoscope was inserted as far as the cecum, with all the colorectal mucosae examined. Excluded from the study were cases where the colonoscope failed to reach the cecum and where poor bowel preparation prevented evaluation of the entire colorectal mucosae. All neoplasms detected during colonoscopy were biopsied or removed using the conventional polypectomy methods of snaring or hot biopsy, and all retrieved specimens examined pathologically.

High-risk adenomas were defined as adenomas with high grade dysplasia, a 10 mm or greater diameter or with at least 25% villous components.

All stools were collected by a conventional self-collection method prior to the colonoscopic examinations. Screenees and patients received a stool-collecting bottle, and collected stools by self-sampling. There were no dietary or medicinal restrictions. Stools were examined by immunochemical FOBT, using an OC-hemodia® (Eiken Chemical Co. Tokyo, Japan) and an OC-sensor analyzer® (Eiken Chemical Co. Tokyo, Japan). A positive FOBT result was defined as ≥100 ng/ml fecal hemoglobin.

The sensitivity of FOBT was defined as the positive rate of the FOBT in the group with colorectal adenomas or cancers confirmed by total colonoscopic examination. The specificity of FOBT in the screenees was defined as the negative rate of the FOBT in the group without colorectal neoplasia, as confirmed by the total colonoscopic examination. A false positive FOBT in the screenees was defined as a positive FOBT result, but with no colorectal adenoma or cancer detected by the total colonoscopic examination. A false negative FOBT in the screenees was defined as a negative FOBT result, but with colorectal neoplasia detected by the total colonoscopic examination. The positive predictive value of FOBT was defined as the probability that a person with a positive FOBT result had an adenoma or cancer according to the colonoscopy. The negative predictive value of FOBT was defined as the probability that a person with a negative test without an adenoma or cancer according to the colonoscopy.

Statistical significance was evaluated using the chi-squared test, with a two-tailed p value less than 0.05 defined as statistically significant.

RESULTS

Of the three thousand seven hundred and ninety four asymptomatic average-risk screenees, 2151 were men and 1643 women, with a mean age of 48.9 years, ranging from 15 to 78 years (Table 1). The colonoscopies on the screenees showed 613 (16.2%) had colorectal adenomas and 67 (1.8%) high-risk adenomas. Colorectal cancers were detected in 12 (0.3%) screenees.

FOBT on these screenees showed a positive rate of 1.4%. The sensitivities of FOBT in detecting adenomas, high-risk adenomas and cancer were 2.4, 6.0 and 25.0%, respectively.

The false positive and negative rates of FOBT for colorectal adenomas or cancer were 1.19 and 97.6%, respectively. The positive and negative predictive values of the test were 28.3 and 84.0%, respectively.

The sensitivities and specificities of FOBT by gender and age of the screenees are listed in Table 2.

Of the three hundred and four colorectal cancer patients, 186 were men and 118 women, with a mean age of 59.6 years, ranging from 27 to 85 years (Table 1). The overall sensitivity of FOBT in these cases was 78.3%. Of the total 316 colorectal cancer cases (including the 12 cases from the screenees), the sensitivities according to T-stage were 38.5, 75.0, 78.9 and 79.2% for T1, 2, 3 and 4 cancers, respectively, with that for T1 tumors significantly lower than those for T2, 3 and 4 tumors (p<0.05) (Table 3).

When classifying the tumors according to Dukes stage, the FOBT sensitivities were 63.4, and 78.6% for Dukes stages A, B and C, respectively, with that for Dukes A significantly lower than those for Dukes B and C (p<0.05) (Table 4).

DISCUSSION

Screening asymptomatic people for colorectal cancer can reduce mortality from this disease. Many experts recommend various screening tools for the average-risk population over 50 years of age, namely FOBT, sigmoidoscopy, barium enema and colonoscopy (12,13). Among these screening tools, FOBT has been shown to be effective in reducing mortality from colon cancer in large randomized controlled trials, and is relatively cheap, easy to perform and non-invasive (6~8,14). However, FOBT is known to have low sensitivities for early stage colorectal cancer and adenomas. Several modifications have been attempted in order to overcome the deficiencies of the FOBT, including guaiac methods, with rehydration techniques and immunochemical methods (9,10,15).

Lieberman and Weiss (16) reported the sensitivity for the fecal occult blood test alone, for any neoplasia, was 11.7%, with that for advanced neoplasia (adenoma 10 mm or greater in diameter, at least 25% villous, high grade dysplasia or a classified invasive cancer) was 23.9%. They used a method involving guaiac-impregnated cards (Hemoccult II) and rehydration. Nakama et al. (17) reported the sensitivities for the one-day immunochemical FOBT for colorectal cancer and adenomas were 55.6 and 30.1% respectively. They also reported the sensitivities for colorectal cancer were 83.3 and 88.9% for the two- and three-day methods, respectively (17). Although the sensitivity of FOBT was higher than with the two- or three-day methods used in previous studies, we investigated the diagnostic validity of FOBT using the one-day method, which is convenient and widely used for colorectal cancer screening in Korea.

In our study, we used an immunochemical FOBT, which is more sensitive than conventional guaiac-based FOBT (18). Our data show a single immunochemical FOBT in asymptomatic average-risk screenees had sensitivities of 25.0 and 2.4% for colorectal cancer and colorectal adenomas, respectively. The sensitivities for colorectal cancer and adenomas in our study were lower than those in previous studies (9,10,15~18). This may have been because in the present study, total colonoscopies and FOBT were performed on all asymptomatic screenees, which led to a greater detection rate of early stage colorectal cancer. However, from our results, the sensitivity for colorectal cancer in the admitted group was 78.3%, which was not much different from the other studies showing the sensitivity of immunochemical FOBT for colorectal cancer (19). Also, of the 12 detected colorectal cancer cases in the asymptomatic average-risk screenee group, 4 (30%) were identified with Dukes stage A cancers, whereas 37 (12.2%) were identified to Dukes stage A cancers in the 304 admitted colorectal cancer patients, and this difference was found to be statistically significant (p<0.05).

The sensitivity and specificity of the fecal occult blood test are affected by the cut-off values and fecal collection time. Physiologic blood loss from the gastrointestinal tract has been estimated to be 0.32±0.09 mg/g stool (20). Nakama et al. (21) reported that 150 ng/ml of fecal hemoglobin was the optimal cut-off point when carrying out the OC-hemodia test as a means of screening for colorectal cancer, but no significant difference was observed in the specificities between 50 and 150 ng/ml. In our study, a positive FOBT result was defined as ≥ 100 ng/ml fecal hemoglobin. When using this lower cut-off point, the sensitivity of FOBT can be increased. However, the optimal cut-off point must be calculated by the positive predictive value, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and from a cost-effectiveness analysis. Further study is required to evaluate the cost-effectiveness and validity of immunochemical FOBT.

Early detection of early stage colorectal cancer has recently been emphasized as the ideal method for increasing the survival rates and quality of life. Despite the importance of research for early stage colorectal cancer detection, it has largely been limited to colonoscopic diagnosis and management. In the National Polyp Study (22), patients who underwent colonoscopy and removal of all polyps had a lower incidence of colorectal cancer during six years of follow-up than reference populations. There is no doubt that colonoscopy is the best method for detecting colorectal cancer or adenomas, and a synchronous colorectal pathology (22,23). However, this procedure is invasive, expensive and requires skillful endoscopists (14,24). In addition, it has not yet been proven that a colonoscopic examination reduces the rate of mortality from colorectal cancer any more than other screening tools.

Of the current screening tools for colorectal cancer, FOBT has been proved to reduce the mortality from colorectal cancer in large randomized controlled trials (6~8). However, the present study indicates a single immunochemical FOBT is not sufficient for detection of colorectal cancer in screenees. Further work will be required in order to identify the ideal screening tools for detection of colorectal cancer in order to decrease the mortality from this disease.

CONCLUSIONS

The sensitivities of a single immunochemical FOBT for detecting colorectal cancers and adenomas in screenees were 25.0 and 2.4%, respectively. The sensitivities according to Dukes stage were 63.4, 79.3 and 78.6% for Dukes A, B and C, respectively. These findings indicate that about one-third of Dukes A colorectal cancers appear to be undetected by a single immunochemical FOBT screen.

REFERENCES

1. Wilmink AB. Overview of the epidemiology of colorectal cancer. Dis Colon Rectum. 1997;40:483–493. PMID: 9106701Article PubMed
2. Shin HR, Ahn YO, Bae JM, Shin MH, Lee DH, Lee CW, et al. Cancer incidence in Korea. Cancer Res Treat. 2002;34:405–408. Article PubMed
3. Park YJ, Youk EG, Choi HS, Park KJ, Lee KU, Choe KJ, et al. Experience of 1,446 rectal cancer patients in Korea and analysis of prognostic factors. Int J Colorectal Dis. 1999;14:101–106. PMID: 10367255Article PubMed
4. Citarda F, Tomaselli G, Capocaccia R, Barcherini S, Crespi M. Efficacy in standard clinical practice of colonoscopic polypectomy in reducing colorectal cancer incidence. Gut. 2001;48:812–815. PMID: 11358901Article PubMed PMC
5. Mandel JS, Church TR, Bond JH, Ederer F, Geisser MS, Mongin SJ, et al. The effect of fecal occult-blood screening on incidence of colorectal cancer. N Engl J Med. 2000;343:1603–1607. PMID: 11096167Article PubMed
6. Mandel JS, Bond JH, Church TR, Snover DC, Bradley GM, Schuman LM, et al. Reducing mortality from colorectal cancer by screening for fecal occult blood. Minnesota Colon Cancer Control Study. N Engl J Med. 1993;328:1365–1371. PMID: 8474513Article PubMed
7. Kronborg O, Fenger C, Olsen J, Jorgensen OD, Sondergaard O. Randomised study of screening for colorectal cancer with fecal occult blood test. Lancet. 1996;348:1467–1471. PMID: 8942774Article PubMed
8. Hardcastle JD, Chamberlain J, Robinson MH, Moss SM, Amar SS, Balfour TW, et al. Randomised controlled trial of fecaloccult-blood screening for colorectal cancer. Lancet. 1996;348:1472–1477. PMID: 8942775Article PubMed
9. Allison JE, Tekawa IS, Ransom LJ, Adrain AL. A comparison of fecal occult-blood tests for colorectal cancer screening. N Engl J Med. 1996;334:155–159. PMID: 8531970Article PubMed
10. Nakama H, Kamijo N, Miyata K, Abdul Fattah AS, Zhang B, Uehara Y. Sensitivity and specificity of several immunochemical tests for colorectal cancer. Hepato-gastroenterolog. 1998;45:1579–1582.
11. Dukes CE. The classification of cancer of the rectum. J Pathol Bacteriol. 1932;35:323.Article
12. Smith RA, von Eschenbach AC, Wender R, Levin B, Byers T, Rothenberger D, et al. American Cancer Society guidelines for the early detection of cancer: update of early detection guidelines for prostate, colorectal, and endometrial cancers. Also: update 2001- testing for early lung cancer detection. CA Cancer J Clin. 2001;51:38–75. PMID: 11577479Article PubMed
13. Rex DK, Johnson DA, Lieberman DA, Burt RW, Sonnenberg A. Colorectal cancer prevention 2000: screening recommendations of the American College of Gastroenterology. Am J Gastroenterol. 2000;95:868–877. PMID: 10763931Article PubMed
14. Vijan S, Hwang EW, Hofer TP, Hayward RA. Which colon cancer screening test? A comparison of costs, effectiveness, and compliance. Am J Med. 2001;111:593–601. PMID: 11755501Article PubMed
15. Rozen P, Knaani J, Samuel Z. Comparative screening with a sensitive guaiac and specific immunochemical occult blood test in an endoscopic study. Cancer. 2000;89:46–52. PMID: 10896999Article PubMed
16. Lieberman DA, Weiss DG. One-time screening for colorectal cancer with combined fecal occult-blood testing and examination of the distal colon. N Engl J Med. 2001;345:555–560. PMID: 11529208Article PubMed
17. Nakama H, Yamamoto M, Kamijo N, Li T, Wei N, Fattah AS, et al. Colonoscopic evaluation of immunochemical fecal occult blood test for detection of colorectal neoplasia. Hepato gastroenterology. 1999;46:228–231. PMID: 10228797PubMed
18. Yoshinaga M, Motomura S, Takeda H, Yanagisawa Z, Ikeda K. Evaluation of the sensitivity of an immunochemical fecal occult blood test for colorectal neoplasia. Am J Gastroenterol. 1995;90:1076–1079. PMID: 7611200PubMed
19. Lee BI, Choi KY, Bae SS, Kim BW, Choi H, Park SH, et al. Factors of colorectal cancer and adenoma affecting immunological fecal occult blood test. Korean J Gastroenterol. 2001;37:428–435.
20. Schwartz S, Ellefson M. Quantitative fecal recovery of ingested hemoglobin-heme in blood: Comparisons by HemoQuant assay with ingested meat and fish. Gastroenterology. 1985;89:19–26. PMID: 4007402Article PubMed
21. Nakama H, Zhang B, Zhang X. Evaluation of the optimum cut-off point in immunochemical occult blood testing in screening for colorectal cancer. Eur J Cancer. 2001;37:398–401. PMID: 11239763Article PubMed
22. Winawer SJ, Zauber AG, Ho MN, O'Brien MJ, Gottlieb LS, Sternberg SS, et al. Prevention of colorectal cancer by colonoscopic polypectomy. N Engl J Med. 1993;329:1977–1981. PMID: 8247072Article PubMed
23. Kim SW, Park JG, Kim JP. Multiple primary colorectal cancer. J Korean Cancer Assoc. 1985;17:94–102.
24. Ransohoff DF, Lang CA. Using colonoscopy to screen for colorectal cancer. Am J Gastroenterol. 1994;89:1765–1766. PMID: 7942662PubMed

Table 1

General characteristics of the study population

Table 2

The sensitivity and specificity of immunochemical fecal occult blood for detecting colorectal neoplasia (adenoma or cancer) in asymptomatic screenees by gender and age

Table 3

The sensitivities of a single immunochemical fecal occult blood test by T stage of colorectal cancer

Table 4

The sensitivities of a single immunochemical fecal occult blood test by Dukes stage of colorectal cancer

Figure & Data

REFERENCES

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Findings in the distal and proximal colon in colonoscopy screening after positive FIT and related pre-procedure factors
M.� Henar Núñez Rodríguez, Pilar Díez Redondo, Fausto Riu Pons, Marta Cimavilla, Andrea Loza, Manuel Perez-Miranda
Revista Española de Enfermedades Digestivas.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Guaiac-based faecal occult blood tests versus faecal immunochemical tests for colorectal cancer screening in average-risk individuals
Esmée J Grobbee, Pieter HA Wisse, Eline H Schreuders, Aafke van Roon, Leonie van Dam, Ann G Zauber, Iris Lansdorp-Vogelaar, Wichor Bramer, Sarah Berhane, Jonathan J Deeks, Ewout W Steyerberg, Monique E van Leerdam, Manon CW Spaander, Ernst J Kuipers
Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Potential Modifiers and Different Cut-offs in Diagnostic Accuracy of Fecal Immunochemical Test in Detecting Advanced Colon Neoplasia: A Diagnostic Test Accuracy Meta-analysis
Mohammad Yaghoobi, Parsa Mehraban Far, Lawrence Mbuagbaw, Yuhong Yuan, David Armstrong, Lehana Thabane, Paul Moayyedi
Middle East Journal of Digestive Diseases.2022; 14(4): 382. CrossRef
Guidelines for accreditation of endoscopy units: quality measures from the Korean Society of Coloproctology
Rumi Shin, Seongdae Lee, Kyung-Su Han, Dae Kyung Sohn, Sang Hui Moon, Dong Hyun Choi, Bong-Hyeon Kye, Hae-Jung Son, Sun Il Lee, Sumin Si, Won-Kyung Kang
Annals of Surgical Treatment and Research.2021; 100(3): 154. CrossRef
Screening for Colorectal Cancer
Jennifer S. Lin, Leslie A. Perdue, Nora B. Henrikson, Sarah I. Bean, Paula R. Blasi
JAMA.2021; 325(19): 1978. CrossRef
Colorectal Cancer Screening Outcomes of 2412 Prostate Cancer Patients Considered for Carbon Ion Radiotherapy
Nao Kobayashi, Takahiro Oike, Nobuteru Kubo, Yuhei Miyasaka, Tatsuji Mizukami, Hiro Sato, Akiko Adachi, Hiroyuki Katoh, Hidemasa Kawamura, Tatsuya Ohno
Cancers.2021; 13(17): 4481. CrossRef
Evaluation of the Cut-Off Value of Fecal Immunochemical Test for Colorectal Cancer Screening during Health Checkups
Hye-Ran Park, Eun-Hee Nah, Jong-Seon Lee, Seon Cho
Journal of Laboratory Medicine and Quality Assurance.2021; 43(4): 190. CrossRef
Stage-Specific Sensitivity of Fecal Immunochemical Tests for Detecting Colorectal Cancer: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Tobias Niedermaier, Yesilda Balavarca, Hermann Brenner
American Journal of Gastroenterology.2020; 115(1): 56. CrossRef
Sensitivity of Fecal Immunochemical Test for Colorectal Cancer Detection Differs According to Stage and Location
Tobias Niedermaier, Kaja Tikk, Anton Gies, Stefanie Bieck, Hermann Brenner
Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology.2020; 18(13): 2920. CrossRef
Performance Characteristics of Fecal Immunochemical Tests for Colorectal Cancer and Advanced Adenomatous Polyps
Thomas F. Imperiale, Rachel N. Gruber, Timothy E. Stump, Thomas W. Emmett, Patrick O. Monahan
Annals of Internal Medicine.2019; 170(5): 319. CrossRef
Effect of Sex, Age, and Positivity Threshold on Fecal Immunochemical Test Accuracy: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Kevin Selby, Emma H. Levine, Cecilia Doan, Anton Gies, Hermann Brenner, Charles Quesenberry, Jeffrey K. Lee, Douglas A. Corley
Gastroenterology.2019; 157(6): 1494. CrossRef
Quantitative fecal immunochemical tests for colorectal cancer screening
Anton Gies, Megha Bhardwaj, Christian Stock, Petra Schrotz‐King, Hermann Brenner
International Journal of Cancer.2018; 143(2): 234. CrossRef
Prevalence of functional gastrointestinal disorders in adults with systemic lupus erythematosus
M García-Carrasco, C Mendoza-Pinto, M A Autrán-Limón, E Herrera Robles, S Méndez Martínez, I Etchegaray Morales, Á Montiel Jarquín, J L Gálvez Romero, P Soto-Santillán, J Galindo-Herrera, A López-Colombo
Lupus.2018; 27(5): 788. CrossRef
Quality Metrics of a Fecal Immunochemical Test-Based Colorectal Cancer Screening Program in Korea
Dae Ho Kim, Jae Myung Cha, Min Seob Kwak, Jin Young Yoon, Young-Hak Cho, Jung Won Jeon, Hyun Phil Shin, Kwang Ro Joo, Joung Il Lee
Gut and Liver.2018; 12(2): 183. CrossRef
Recommendations on Fecal Immunochemical Testing to Screen for Colorectal Neoplasia: A Consensus Statement by the US Multi-Society Task Force on Colorectal Cancer
Douglas J. Robertson, Jeffrey K. Lee, C. Richard Boland, Jason A. Dominitz, Francis M. Giardiello, David A. Johnson, Tonya Kaltenbach, David Lieberman, Theodore R. Levin, Douglas K. Rex
Gastroenterology.2017; 152(5): 1217. CrossRef
Recommendations on fecal immunochemical testing to screen for colorectal neoplasia: a consensus statement by the US Multi-Society Task Force on colorectal cancer
Douglas J. Robertson, Jeffrey K. Lee, C. Richard Boland, Jason A. Dominitz, Francis M. Giardiello, David A. Johnson, Tonya Kaltenbach, David Lieberman, Theodore R. Levin, Douglas K. Rex
Gastrointestinal Endoscopy.2017; 85(1): 2. CrossRef
Recommendations on Fecal Immunochemical Testing to Screen for Colorectal Neoplasia: A Consensus Statement by the US Multi-Society Task Force on Colorectal Cancer
Douglas J Robertson, Jeffrey K Lee, Richard C Boland, Jason A Dominitz, Francis M Giardiello, David A Johnson, Tonya Kaltenbach, David Lieberman, Theodore R Levin, Douglas K Rex
American Journal of Gastroenterology.2017; 112(1): 37. CrossRef
Risk Factors for False Fecal Immunochemical Test Results in Colorectal Cancer Screening
Nam Hee Kim, Jung Ho Park, Dong Il Park, Chong Il Sohn, Kyuyong Choi, Yoon Suk Jung
Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology.2017; 51(2): 151. CrossRef
Which Fecal Immunochemical Test Should I Choose?
Jeanette M. Daly, Yinghui Xu, Barcey T. Levy
Journal of Primary Care & Community Health.2017; 8(4): 264. CrossRef
Cancer-Type Oatp1B3 mRNA Has the Potential to Become a Detection and Prognostic Biomarker for Human Colorectal Cancer
Yuchen Sun, Manami Harada, Osamu Shimozato, Hiroaki Souda, Nobuhiro Takiguchi, Yoshihiro Nabeya, Takehiko Kamijo, Hidetaka Akita, Naohiko Anzai, Kan Chiba, Tomomi Furihata
Biomarkers in Medicine.2017; 11(8): 629. CrossRef
Screening of colorectal cancer: present and future
Marcello Maida, Fabio Salvatore Macaluso, Gianluca Ianiro, Francesca Mangiola, Emanuele Sinagra, Georgina Hold, Carlo Maida, Giovanni Cammarota, Antonio Gasbarrini, Giuseppe Scarpulla
Expert Review of Anticancer Therapy.2017; 17(12): 1131. CrossRef
Age-adapted Variation in Screening Interval of Fecal Immunochemical Test May Improve its Participation and Colonoscopy Acceptance
Min Seob Kwak, Jae Myung Cha, Jin Young Yoon, Jung Won Jeon, Hyun Phil Shin, Kwang Ro Joo, Joung Il Lee
Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology.2017; 51(9): 825. CrossRef
Use of a Low Cut-Off Value for the Fecal Immunochemical Test Enables Better Detection of Proximal Neoplasia
Jae Myung Cha, Joung Il Lee, Kwang Ro Joo, Hyun Phil Shin, Jung Won Jeun, Jun Uk Lim
Digestive Diseases and Sciences.2013; 58(11): 3256. CrossRef
Performance of the Fecal Immunochemical Test Is Not Decreased by High Ambient Temperature in the Rapid Return System
Jae Myung Cha, Joung Il Lee, Kwang Ro Joo, Hyun Phil Shin, Jae Jun Park, Jung Won Jeun, Jun Uk Lim, Sang-Hyun Hwang
Digestive Diseases and Sciences.2012; 57(8): 2178. CrossRef
A comparison of qualitative and quantitative fecal immunochemical tests in the Korean national colorectal cancer screening program
Mi Jin Park, Kui Son Choi, You Kyoung Lee, Jae Kwan Jun, Hoo-Yeon Lee
Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology.2012; 47(4): 461. CrossRef
Clinical Features of Colorectal Cancer Detected by the National Cancer Screening Program
Dae-Do Park, Rumi Shin, Ji-Sun Kim, Heung-Kwon Oh, Seung-Yong Jeong, Kyu Joo Park, Jae-Gahb Park
Journal of the Korean Society of Coloproctology.2010; 26(6): 420. CrossRef
The Significance of Fecal Immunochemical Test to Screen for Colorectal Cancer in National Cancer Screening Program
Jun Uk Lim, Na Young Bae, Won Koung Song, Jae Myung Cha, Joung Il Lee
Intestinal Research.2010; 8(2): 126. CrossRef
False negative fecal occult blood tests due to delayed sample return in colorectal cancer screening
Leo G.M. van Rossum, Anne F. van Rijn, Martijn G.H. van Oijen, Paul Fockens, Robert J.F. Laheij, Andre L.M. Verbeek, Jan B.M.J. Jansen, Evelien Dekker
International Journal of Cancer.2009; 125(4): 746. CrossRef
Cutoff value determines the performance of a semi-quantitative immunochemical faecal occult blood test in a colorectal cancer screening programme
L G M van Rossum, A F van Rijn, R J F Laheij, M G H van Oijen, P Fockens, J B M J Jansen, A L M Verbeek, E Dekker
British Journal of Cancer.2009; 101(8): 1274. CrossRef
Random Comparison of Guaiac and Immunochemical Fecal Occult Blood Tests for Colorectal Cancer in a Screening Population
Leo G. van Rossum, Anne F. van Rijn, Robert J. Laheij, Martijn G. van Oijen, Paul Fockens, Han H. van Krieken, Andre L. Verbeek, Jan B. Jansen, Evelien Dekker
Gastroenterology.2008; 135(1): 82. CrossRef

PubReader
ePub Link

Cite

CITE: export Copy Download Format; Close

Download Citation

Download a citation file in RIS format that can be imported by all major citation management software, including EndNote, ProCite, RefWorks, and Reference Manager.

Format:

RIS — For EndNote, ProCite, RefWorks, and most other reference management software
BibTeX — For JabRef, BibDesk, and other BibTeX-specific software

Include:

Citation for the content below
Citation and abstract for the content below

Single Immunochemical Fecal Occult Blood Test for Detection of Colorectal Neoplasia

Cancer Res Treat. 2005;37(1):20-23. Published online February 28, 2005

DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2005.37.1.20

XML Download

Top of article

Abstract
INTRODUCTION
MATERIALS AND METHODS
RESULTS
DISCUSSION
CONCLUSIONS
REFERENCES

Single Immunochemical Fecal Occult Blood Test for Detection of Colorectal Neoplasia

Table 1

General characteristics of the study population

Table 2

The sensitivity and specificity of immunochemical fecal occult blood for detecting colorectal neoplasia (adenoma or cancer) in asymptomatic screenees by gender and age

Table 3

The sensitivities of a single immunochemical fecal occult blood test by T stage of colorectal cancer

Table 4

The sensitivities of a single immunochemical fecal occult blood test by Dukes stage of colorectal cancer

Table 1 General characteristics of the study population

Table 2 The sensitivity and specificity of immunochemical fecal occult blood for detecting colorectal neoplasia (adenoma or cancer) in asymptomatic screenees by gender and age

Table 3 The sensitivities of a single immunochemical fecal occult blood test by T stage of colorectal cancer

Table 4 The sensitivities of a single immunochemical fecal occult blood test by Dukes stage of colorectal cancer