We experienced two cases of engraftment syndrome (ES) in a 17-year-old boy with malignant lymphoma and in a 53-year-old female patient with small cell lung cancer following peripheral blood stem cell auto-transplantation. ES is a reproducible clinical constellation of fever, skin rash, capillary leak and pulmonary infiltrates without infection, characteristically observed during engraftment in patients undergoing autoglogous bone marrow or peripheral stem cell transplantation. The incidence of ES has been reported to be about 60%. The early recognition of ES followed by administration of steroids might obviate the unnecessary use of antibiotics and help improve clinical manifestaions in the critical post-transplant neutropenic period.
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