Cancer Research and Treatment

Original Article

Estimation of Population Attributable Fraction by Hormone and Reproductive Factors on Female Cancer in the Republic of Korea, 2015 to 2030: Youjin Hong, Soseul Sung, Woojin Lim, Sungji Moon, Kwang-Pil Ko, Jung Eun Lee, Inah Kim, Sun Ha Jee, Sun-Seog Kweon, Min-Ho Shin, Sangmin Park, Seung-Ho Ryu, Sun Young Yang, Jeongseon Kim, Sang-Wook Yi, Yoon-Jung Choi, Jeong-Soo Im, Hong Gwan Seo, Sue K. Park; Received July 26, 2024 Accepted November 18, 2024 Published online November 19, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2024.707 [Epub ahead of print]

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material: Purpose
Population attributable fractions (PAFs) for hormone and reproductive factors have been estimated in several countries. International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) designated as group 1 and group 2A carcinogen for hormone factors in breast, ovarian, endometrial and uterine cervix cancer. This study aimed to estimate the PAFs of hormone/reproductive factor attributed to cancer incidence and deaths in Korean women and projected trends from 2015 to 2030.
Materials and Methods
The PAF was estimated with using the 2005 standardized prevalence rates and 2020 incidence and deaths with a 15-year latency. Based on the Levin’s formula, prevalence rates were calculated using the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) and the relative risks, which were the risk of selected female cancer associated with oral contraceptive, hormone replacement therapy and duration of breastfeeding, were estimated from the meta-analysis of studies performed in Korean women population. Studies based on the Asian and Global populations were calculated as a sensitivity analysis.
Results
The estimation PAFs for hormone was 1.02% with 1,192 cases and reproductive was 2.67% with 3,112 cases. Moreover, 0.40% (125 deaths) and 1.09% (342 deaths) in female-related cancer deaths in order. Estrogen-progesterone combined hormone replacement therapy (HRT) accounted the most proportion in hormone factors and breastfeeding in reproductive factors. Also, the breast cancer had the highest percent in both hormone and reproductive factors.
Conclusion
Through this study, 1.02% and 2.67% of female-related cancer incidence will be reduced by encouraging avoiding the use of oral contraceptives and HRT and breastfeeding for more than 6 months in reproductive factors. Additionally, among four selected female cancers in this study, breast cancer was observed to be a significant level of prevention.

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Special Article

Trends in Cancer-Screening Rates in Korea: Findings from the National Cancer Screening Survey, 2004-2023: EunKyo Kang, Kui Son Choi, Jae Kwan Jun, Yeol Kim, Hyeon Ji Lee, Chang Kyun Choi, Tae Hee Kim, Sun Hwa Lee, Mina Suh; Cancer Res Treat. 2025;57(1):28-38. Published online August 2, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2024.325

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
This study aimed to report the overall national trends in the rates of cancer screening based on recommendations and provide insights into the changing trends of these rates across different demographics.
Materials and Methods
This study used data from the Korean National Cancer Screening Survey (KNCSS), which surveys nationwide cancer-screening rates and includes 4,500 individuals meeting the Korean National Cancer Screening Program (NCSP) protocol age criteria. Cancer-screening rates were assessed using structured questionnaires; yearly trends were analyzed for both lifetime cancer-screening rates and rates of screening based on recommendations, and subgroup analyses were performed based on age and sex.
Results
The rates of cancer screening based on recommendations showed significant increments: the stomach cancer-screening rate increased from 39.2% in 2004 to 77.5% in 2023 (3.50% per year), the liver cancer-screening rate increased from 20.0% to 48.8% (4.30% per year), and the colorectal cancer, increased from 19.9% to 70.7% (5.15% per year). The breast cancer-screening rate increased from 33.2% to 72.7% (2.88% per year), and the cervical cancer, increased from 58.3% to 70.2% (1.08% per year). Despite some differences, particularly in relation to sociodemographic factors, screening rates increased significantly for all cancer types.
Conclusion
Cancer-screening rates in Korea increased consistently from 2004 to 2023, demonstrating the effectiveness of the national cancer-screening program. However, the increments in breast, cervical and lung cancer-screening rates were relatively lower, indicating the need for additional efforts and strategies.

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Association Between Suicidal Ideation and Cancer Screening Uptake: Results from Middle-Aged and Older Adults in Korea
Seong-Uk Baek, Jin-Ha Yoon
Cancers.2025; 17(6): 956. CrossRef

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Original Articles

General

Trends in Cancer Screening Rates among Korean Men and Women: Results of the Korean National Cancer Screening Survey, 2004–2018: Seri Hong, Yun Yeong Lee, Jaeho Lee, Yeol Kim, Kui Son Choi, Jae Kwan Jun, Mina Suh; Cancer Res Treat. 2021;53(2):330-338. Published online October 20, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2020.263

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
The Korean National Cancer Screening Survey (KNCSS) is a nationwide annual cross-sectional survey conducted for the past 15 years. This study aimed to report trends in the overall screening rates of both organized and opportunistic cancer screening programs from 2004–2018.
Materials and Methods
KNCSS data were collected using a structured questionnaire. For five major cancers (i.e., stomach, liver, colorectal, breast, and cervical cancer), we evaluated both the lifetime screening rate and the screening rate with recommendations. The study population included men aged 40–74 years and women aged 20–74 years with no cancer histories.
Results
Screening rate with recommendations increased from 2004 annually by 4.4% and 1.5% until 2013 for stomach and liver cancers, respectively, by 4.0% until 2012 for breast cancer, and by 3.6% and 1.2% until 2014 for colorectal and cervical cancers, respectively, followed by nonsignificant trends thereafter. In 2018, screening rates with recommendations for these cancers were 72.8%, 26.2%, 63.1%, 58.4%, and 55.6%, respectively.
Conclusion
Screening rates for the five types of cancer demonstrated a marked increase between 2004 and 2018. However, many recent screening rates have been flattened with nonsignificant trends, and there are lower rates for cervical cancer screening among young age groups. Steady efforts are needed to achieve higher screening participation rates overall, especially for the cervical cancer screening of young women in their 20s.

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Improved Survival of Cancer Patients Admitted to the Intensive Care Unit between 2002 and 2011 at a U.S. Teaching Hospital: Christopher Martin Sauer, Jinghui Dong, Leo Anthony Celi, Daniele Ramazzotti; Cancer Res Treat. 2019;51(3):973-981. Published online October 10, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2018.360

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
Cancer patients are at increased risk of treatment- or disease-related admission to the intensive care unit. Over the past decades, both critical care and cancer care have improved substantially. Due to increased cancer-specific survival, we hypothesized that the number of cancer patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) and survival have increased.
Materials and Methods
MIMIC-III was used to study trends and outcomes of cancer patients admitted to the ICU between 2002 and 2011. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to adjust for confounders of mortality.
Results
Among 41,468 patients analyzed, 1,083 were hemato-oncologic, 4,330 were oncologic and 66 patients had both a hematological and solid malignancy. Admission numbers more than doubled and the proportion of cancer patients in the ICU increased steadily from 2002 to 2011. In both the univariate and multivariate analyses, solid cancers and hematologic cancers were strongly associated with 28-day mortality. This association was even stronger for 1-year mortality, with odds ratios of 4.02 (95% confidence interval [CI], 3.69 to 4.38) and 2.25 (95% CI, 1.93 to 2.62), respectively. Over the 10-year study period, both 28-day and 1-year mortality decreased, with hematologic patients showing the strongest annual adjusted decrease in the odds of death. There was considerable heterogeneity among solid cancer types.
Conclusion
Between 2002 and 2011, the number of cancer patients admitted to the ICU more than doubled, while clinical severity scores remained overall unchanged, suggesting improved treatment. Although cancer patients had higher mortality rates, both 28-day and 1-year mortality of hematologic patients decreased faster than that of non-cancer patients, while mortality rates of cancer patients strongly depended on cancer type.

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Nationwide Trends in the Incidence of Melanoma and Non-melanoma Skin Cancers from 1999 to 2014 in South Korea: Chang-Mo Oh, Hyunsoon Cho, Young-Joo Won, Hyun-Joo Kong, Yun Ho Roh, Ki-Heon Jeong, Kyu-Won Jung; Cancer Res Treat. 2018;50(3):729-737. Published online July 14, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2017.166

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
This descriptive study was aimed to examine trends in the incidence of melanoma and nonmelanoma in South Korea.
Materials and Methods
The nationwide incidence data for melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer was obtained from the Korea Central Cancer Registry. Age-standardized rates were calculated and analyzed, using a Joinpoint regression model.
Results
The incidence of basal cell carcinoma has increased dramatically both in men (average annual percentage change [AAPC], 8.0 [95% confidence interval (CI), 6.0 to 10.1]) and women (AAPC, 9.0 [95% CI, 7.5 to 10.4]). Squamous cell carcinoma has also steadily increased both in men (AAPC, 3.3 [95% CI, 2.6 to 4.0]) and women (AAPC, 6.8 [95% CI, 5.3 to 8.4]). Cutaneous melanoma increased continuously from 1999 to 2014 inwomen (AAPC, 3.5 [95% CI, 2.4 to 4.6]), whilst rapidly increasing in men until 2005 (APC, 7.9 [95% CI, 2.4 to 13.7]) after which no increase has been observed (APC, ‒0.2 [95% CI, ‒2.3 to 2.0]).
Conclusion
The incidence rates of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer have increased over the past years, with the exception of melanoma in men. Further studies are required to investigate the reasons for the increased incidence of these skin cancers in South Korea.

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A National Study of Survival Trends and Conditional Survival in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: Analysis of the National Population-Based Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results Registry: Jia-Wei Lv, Xiao-Dan Huang, Yu-Pei Chen, Guan-Qun Zhou, Ling-Long Tang, Yan-Ping Mao, Wen-Fei Li, Ai-Hua Lin, Jun Ma, Ying Sun; Cancer Res Treat. 2018;50(2):324-334. Published online April 19, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2016.544

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Purpose
Conditional survival (CS) provides important information on survival for a period of time after diagnosis. Currently, information on CS patterns of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is lacking. We aimed to analyze survival rate over time and estimate CS for NPC patients using a national population-based registry.
Materials and Methods
Patients diagnosed with NPC between 1973 and 2007 with at least 5-year follow-up were identified from the Surveillance Epidemiology End Results registry. Traditional survival rates and crude CS estimateswere calculated using Kaplan-Meier analysis. Risk-adjusted survival curves were plotted from the proportional hazards model using the correct group prognosis method.
Results
For 7,713 patients analyzed, adjusted baseline 5-year overall survival improved significantly from 36.0% in patients diagnosed in 1973-1979, 41.7% in 1980-1989, 46.6% in 1990- 1999, to 54.7% in 2000-2007 (p < 0.01). CS analysis demonstrated that for every additional year survived, adjusted probability of surviving the next 5 years increased from 66.7% (localized), 54.0% (regional), and 35.3% (distant) at the time of diagnosis, to 83.7% (localized), 75.0% (regional), and 62.2% (distant) for patients who had survived 5 years. Adjusted 5-year CS differed among age, sex, tumor histology, ethnicity, and stage subgroups initially, but converged with time.
Conclusion
Treatment outcomes of NPC patients have greatly improved over the decades. Increases in CS become more prominent in patients with distant disease than in those with localized or regional disease as patients survive longer. CS provides more dynamic prognostic information for patients who have survived a period of time after diagnosis.

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Trends and Age-Period-Cohort Effects on the Incidence and Mortality Rate of Cervical Cancer in Korea: Eun-Kyeong Moon, Chang-Mo Oh, Young-Joo Won, Jong-Keun Lee, Kyu-Won Jung, Hyunsoon Cho, Jae Kwan Jun, Myong Cheol Lim, Moran Ki; Cancer Res Treat. 2017;49(2):526-533. Published online September 1, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2016.316

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Purpose
This study was conducted to describe the trends and age-period-cohort effects on the incidence and mortality rate of cervical cancer in Korea.
Materials and Methods
The incidence and mortality rate of cervical cancer among ≥ 20-year-old women from 1993 to 2012 were obtained from the Korea Central Cancer Registry and the Korean Statistical Information Service. Age-standardized rates were calculated and Joinpoint regression was used to evaluate the trends in the incidence and mortality rate. Age-period-cohort analysis was performed to investigate the independent effects of age, period and cohort.
Results
The incidence of cervical cancer decreased from 32.8 per 100,000 in 1993 to 15.9 per 100,000 in 2012 (annual percent change [APC], –3.9%; 95% confidence interval [CI], –4.2% to –3.6%). The mortality rate decreased from 5.2 per 100,000 in 1993 to 2.1 per 100,000 in 2012 (APC, –4.8%; 95% CI, –5.1% to –4.4%); however, the incidence and mortality rates among young women (< 30 years old) increased. An age-period-cohort model of the incidence and mortality rate showed decreasing period effects between 1993 and 2008 and decreasing cohort effects between 1928 and 1973, while birth cohorts after 1973 exhibited slight increases in the incidence and mortality rate of cervical cancer.
Conclusion
Recent decreases in the incidence and mortality rate of cervical cancer were due to decreases in the period and cohort effects, which reflect the implementation of a cancer screening program and changes in lifestyle. However, our findings also highlighted an increase in cohort effects on the incidence and mortality rate among young women born after 1973.

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Age-Period-Cohort Analysis of Thyroid Cancer Incidence in Korea: Chang-Mo Oh, Kyu-Won Jung, Young-Joo Won, Aesun Shin, Hyun-Joo Kong, Jin-Soo Lee; Cancer Res Treat. 2015;47(3):362-369. Published online December 2, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2014.110

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Purpose
South Korea has the highest incidence rate of thyroid cancer in the world, and the incidence rate continues to increase. The aim of this study was to determine the age-period-cohort effects on the incidence of thyroid cancer in Korea.
Materials and Methods
Using the Korean National Cancer registry database, age-standardized incidence rates and annual percent changes (APCs) in thyroid cancer according to sex and histologic type were analyzed between 1997 and 2011. Age-period-cohort models were applied using an intrinsic estimator method according to sex.
Results
In both men and women, the incidence of thyroid cancer showed a sharp increase from 1997 through 2011. Among the histologic types, papillary carcinoma showed the greatest increase, with APCs of 25.1% (95% confidence interval [CI], 22.7% to 27.5%) in men and 23.7% (95% CI, 21.9% to 25.5%) in women, whereas anaplastic carcinoma did not show a significant increase in either sex. An increase in overall thyroid cancer incidence over time was observed in all birth cohorts. An age-period-cohort model indicated a steeply increasing period effect, which increased prominently from 1997 to 2011 in both men and women. The age effect showed an inverted U-shaped trend. The cohort effect tended to show a slight increase or remain constant from 1952 to 1977, followed by a decrease.
Conclusion
The period effect can explain the sharp increase in thyroid cancer incidence, strongly suggesting the role of thyroid screening.

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How Molecular Understanding Affects to Prescribing Patterns and Clinical Outcome of Gefitinib in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer? 10 Year Experience of Single Institution: Bhumsuk Keam, Dong-Wan Kim, Jin Hyun Park, Jeong-Ok Lee, Tae Min Kim, Se-Hoon Lee, Doo Hyun Chung, Dae Seog Heo; Cancer Res Treat. 2013;45(3):178-185. Published online September 30, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2013.45.3.178

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

PURPOSE
Gefitinib was introduced in 2002 for treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC); however, it is not clear whether its use in daily practice has changed the outcome of patients. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the question of how molecular understanding regarding gefitinib and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation affect the prescribing patterns and clinical outcomes of treatment with gefitinib in NSCLC, in a real practical field.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
We conducted a retrospective analysis of the consecutive database of NSCLC patients who were treated with gefitinib at Seoul National University Hospital between January 2002 and December 2011. Prescribing patterns and clinical outcomes were analyzed by year.
RESULTS
A total of 1,115 NSCLC patients, who received gefitinib at recurred or metastatic setting, were included in this study. Proportion of patients receiving gefitinib, for the first line, showed a gradual increase, from 5.2% in 2002-2003 to 30.6% in 2010-2011. Proportion of patients who underwent EGFR mutation testing showed a rapid increase, from 0.6% in 2004-2005 to 73.5% in 2010-2011. The response rate also showed a gradual increase, from 17.2% in 2002-2003 to 57.1% in 2010-2011 (p<0.001). The median progression-free survival of gefitinib was increased with statistical significance from 2.8 months in 2002-2003 to 9.1 months in 2010-2011 (p<0.001).
CONCLUSION
We demonstrated that molecular understanding and practical use of EGFR mutation testing have resulted in a change in the prescription patterns of gefitinib. Use of an enrichment strategy can lead to improvement in the efficacy of gefitinib in real practice.

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Utilisation and Determinants of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Mutation Testing in Patients with Non-small Cell Lung Cancer in Routine Clinical Practice: A Global Systematic Review
Aye Myat Thi, Sandar Tin Tin, Mark McKeage, J. Mark Elwood
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Ji Young Choi, Miso Kim, Bhumsuk Keam, Tae Min Kim, Dong-Wan Kim, Dae Seog Heo, Seong Jin Jo
Cancer Research and Treatment.2019; 51(1): 169. CrossRef
EGFR Mutation Testing of non-squamous NSCLC: Impact and Uptake during Implementation of Testing Guidelines in a Population-Based Registry Cohort from Northern New Zealand
Mark McKeage, Mark Elwood, Sandar Tin Tin, Prashannata Khwaounjoo, Phyu Aye, Angie Li, Karen Sheath, Phillip Shepherd, George Laking, Nicola Kingston, Christopher Lewis, Donald Love
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The prognostic value of CT radiomic features for patients with pulmonary adenocarcinoma treated with EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors
Hyungjin Kim, Chang Min Park, Bhumsuk Keam, Sang Joon Park, Miso Kim, Tae Min Kim, Dong-Wan Kim, Dae Seog Heo, Jin Mo Goo, Fan Yang
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Gefitinib-Induced Interstitial Lung Disease in Korean Lung Cancer Patients
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Total Lesion Glycolysis in Positron Emission Tomography Can Predict Gefitinib Outcomes in Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer with Activating EGFR Mutation
Bhumsuk Keam, Soo Jin Lee, Tae Min Kim, Jin Chul Paeng, Se-Hoon Lee, Dong-Wan Kim, Yoon Kyung Jeon, Doo Hyun Chung, Keon Wook Kang, June-Key Chung, Dae Seog Heo
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The gefitinib dose reduction on survival outcomes in epidermal growth factor receptor mutant non-small cell lung cancer
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Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology.2014; 140(12): 2135. CrossRef

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Trends in Cancer Screening Rates among Korean Men and Women: Results from the Korean National Cancer Screening Survey, 2004-2012: Mina Suh, Kui Son Choi, Yoon Young Lee, Jae Kwan Jun; Cancer Res Treat. 2013;45(2):86-94. Published online June 30, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2013.45.2.86

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

PURPOSE
The Korean National Cancer Screening Survey (KNCSS), a nationwide, annual cross-sectional survey, has been conducted since 2004. The current study was conducted in order to report on trends in cancer screening rates for five types of cancer (stomach, liver, colorectal, breast, and cervix uteri).
MATERIALS AND METHODS
KNCSS data were collected between 2004 and 2012. The eligible study population included cancer-free men who were 40 years of age and older and women who were 30 years of age and older. The lifetime screening rate, screening rate with recommendation, and changes in annual rates were calculated.
RESULTS
Lifetime screening rates and screening rates with recommendation for the five types of cancer rose steadily until 2010, showed a slight drop or were stable in 2011, and increased again in 2012. On average, screening rates with recommendation have shown annual increases of 4.3% (95% confidence interval [CI], 3.6 to 5.0%) for stomach cancer, 0.8% (95% CI, -0.5 to 2.1%) for liver cancer, 2.4% (95% CI, 1.3 to 3.5%) for colorectal cancer, 4.5% (95% CI, 3.9 to 5.1%) for breast cancer, and 1.3% (95% CI, 0.6 to 2.0%) for cervical cancer. Disparities in age groups and household incomes have been decreasing since 2004.
CONCLUSION
Cancer screening rates in Korea showed a significant increase from 2004 to 2012, and screening rates for gastric and breast cancer are now approaching 70%. The 10-Year Plan for Cancer Control target for screening rates was met or nearly met for all cancer types examined, with the exception of liver and colorectal cancer.

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Increasing Trend of Colorectal Cancer Incidence in Korea, 1999-2009: Aesun Shin, Kyee-Zu Kim, Kyu-Won Jung, Sohee Park, Young-Joo Won, Jeongseon Kim, Dae Yong Kim, Jae Hwan Oh; Cancer Res Treat. 2012;44(4):219-226. Published online December 31, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2012.44.4.219

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

PURPOSE
This study was conducted in order to demonstrate changing trends in colorectal cancer incidence according to sex, age group, and anatomical location in the Korean population.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Data from the Korea Central Cancer Registry between 1999 and 2009 were analyzed. Annual percent changes (APCs) of sex- and age-specific incidence rates for cancer of the proximal colon (International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10th revision [ICD-10] code C18.0-18.5), distal colon (C18.6-18.7), and rectum (C19-20), and male-to-female incidence rate ratios (IRR) were calculated.
RESULTS
The age-standardized incidence rate (ASR) of colorectal cancer was 27 (per 100,000) in 1999 and increased to 50.2 in 2009 among men (APC, 6.6%). The ASR for women was 17.2 in 1999 and 26.9 in 2009 (APC, 5.1%). The rectum was the most common site of cancer among both men and women during 1999 and 2009. However, the distal colon had the highest APC (10.8% among men and 8.4% among women), followed by the proximal colon (7.9% among men and 6.6% among women), and rectum (5.2% among men and 2.4% among women). The proportion of rectal cancer decreased from 51.5% in 1999 to 47.1% in 2009 among men, and from 50.5% to 42.8% among women. An increase in the male-to-female IRR was observed for distal colon cancer and rectal cancer, whereas the IRR for proximal colon cancer was stable.
CONCLUSION
The rapid increase in colorectal cancer incidence is mainly attributed to the increase in colon cancer, especially distal colon cancer, and may be explained by a transition of risk factors for subsites or by the effect of colorectal cancer screening.

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Trends in Cancer Screening Rates among Korean Men and Women: Results from the Korean National Cancer Screening Survey (KNCSS), 2004-2011: Boyoung Park, Kui Son Choi, Yoon Young Lee, Jae Kwan Jun, Hong Gwan Seo; Cancer Res Treat. 2012;44(2):113-120. Published online June 30, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2012.44.2.113

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

PURPOSE
The Korean National Cancer Screening Survey (KNCSS) is a nationwide survey conducted annually, since 2004. This study was conducted in order to report on trends in rates of cancer screening for five major cancers-stomach, liver, colorectal, breast, and cervix uteri in Korea.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Data collected by the KNCSS between 2004 and 2011 were used in this study. The eligible study population included cancer-free men who were 40 years old and over, and women who were 30 years old and over. Lifetime screening rate, screening rate with recommendation, and changes in annual rates were calculated.
RESULTS
Both lifetime screening rates and screening rates with recommendation have increased since 2004. On average, screening rates with recommendation have shown an annual increase of 4.2% (95% CI, 3.3 to 5.2%) for stomach cancer, 1.1% (95% CI, -0.5 to 2.7%) for liver cancer, 2.2% (95% CI, 0.8 to 3.6%) for colorectal cancer, 4.0% (95% CI, 3.0 to 4.9%) for breast cancer, and 0.2% (95% CI, -0.9 to 1.3%) for cervical cancer. Increases in rates of cancer screening, with the exception of liver and cervical cancers, were significant, and screening rates for stomach and breast cancer in particular showed a marked increase.
CONCLUSION
Cancer screening rates among Koreans showed a consistent increase from 2004 to 2011 and rates of screening for gastric, breast, and cervical cancer are approaching 70%.

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Trends in Cancer Screening Rates among Korean Men and Women: Results from the Korean National Cancer Screening Survey (KNCSS), 2004-2010: Eun-Ha Lee, Hoo-Yeon Lee, Kui Son Choi, Jae Kwan Jun, Eun-Cheol Park, Jin Soo Lee; Cancer Res Treat. 2011;43(3):141-147. Published online September 30, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2011.43.3.141

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

PURPOSE
The Korean National Cancer Screening Survey (KNCSS) is a continuous nationwide survey implemented by the National Cancer Center in Korea since 2004. The purpose of the present study was to report trends in cancer screening rates for the five major cancers (stomach, liver, colorectal, breast, and cervix uteri) in Korean men and women.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The study used KNCSS data collected between 2004 and 2010. The survey was conducted on Korean men aged 40-74 years and Korean women aged 30-74 years with no history of cancer diagnosis. The annual percentage change and corresponding 95% confidence intervals were used to examine changes in annual screening rates.
RESULTS
Screening rates with recommendation increased by 4.4% annually for stomach cancer, 1.5% for liver cancer, 2.8% per year for colorectal cancer, 4.5% for breast cancer, and 1.2% for cervix uteri cancer. The increasing trend in cancer screening rates, with the exception of liver cancer, was significant.
CONCLUSION
Cancer screening rates have increased consistently from 2004 to 2010 among Korean men and women. Stomach and breast cancer screening rates in particular have increased markedly.

Citations

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Mina Suh, Kui Son Choi, Yoon Young Lee, Boyoung Park, Jae Kwan Jun
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Erratum

ERRATUM: Correction for Mistyped Inequality Sign: Cancer Res Treat. 2011;43(2):139-139. Published online June 30, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2011.43.2.139

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub: No abstract available.

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Original Article

Changing Trends of Clinical Aspects in Lung Cancer from 1988 to 1996 - Hostipal Based Study: Jung Suk Kim, Jae Young Park, Sang Chul Chae, Moo Chul Shin, Moon Seob Bae, Ji Woong Son, Kwan Young Kim, Tae Kyung Kang, Ki Soo Park, Chang Ho Kim, Sin Kam, Tae Hoon Jung; J Korean Cancer Assoc. 1999;31(1):112-119.

Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
Lung cancer is now one of the most frequently diagnosed cancers in the world and its incidence has been increasing also in Korea. In several recent studies, the indidence of adenocarcinoma and female/male ratio have been reported to be increasing. The aim of this study is to investigate the changing trends in sex and age distribution, the histologic type and location (peripheral or central) of tumors in lung cancer.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
We performed the retrospective review of histopathology and clinical information of 1409 patients diagnosed as baving primary lung cancer, except non-epithelial tumors and undetermined histologic types, at Kyungpook National University Hospital from January 1988 to December 1996.
RESULTS
Male to female ratio was 4.6; 1. The peak incidence of age group was 7th decade (40.3%) with mean age of 61.5. Percentage of smokers in patients with lung cancer was 84.3%. Total number of patients with lung cancer has increased recently. However, the annual female/male ratio was nearly constant during the study period. Peripheral tumors, which were found in 20.6% of patients with lung cancer in 1988, increased to 33.5% in 1996 and this trend was more prominent in squamous cell carcinoma than in adenocarcinoma. Squamous cell carcinoma was the most common histologic type (62.0%), followed by adenocarcinoma (19.2%), small cell carcinoma (14.2%), large cell carcinoma (4.6%) in order. There was a predominance of squamous cell carcinoma (67.9%) in males and of adenocarcinoma (46.6%) in females. There has been a significant shift in the histology pattern with an increase in the percentage of adenocarcinoma. The incidence of adenocarcinoma was more than doubled from 7.5% in 1988 to 25.8% in 1996.
CONCLUSION
These findings suggest that the epidemiology of lung cancer is changing.

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