Cancer Research and Treatment

Original Articles

Genitourinary cancer

Determinants of Prostate Cancer Screening in Korean Men: A Nationwide Study Using the Korean National Cancer Screening Survey 2023: Giap Viet Nguyen, Kyeongmin Lee, Hyeon Ji Lee, EunKyo Kang, Mina Suh, Jae Kwan Jun, Kui Son Choi; Cancer Res Treat. 2025;57(2):539-546. Published online October 29, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2024.879

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub: Purpose
Research on the prevalence of prostate cancer (PCa) screening and reasons for undergoing screening is limited. We aimed to identify the factors influencing PCa screening behavior and explore the underlying motivations among Korean men.
Materials and Methods
This cross-sectional study used data from the 2023 Korean National Cancer Screening Survey, which employs a nationally representative random sampling method. This study included 1,784 men aged 40-74 years. The respondents reported their experiences with PCa screening. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify the factors associated with participation in PCa screening.
Results
The lifetime PCa screening rate was 18.6%. Among screening modalities, transrectal ultrasonography was the most frequently used (31.9%), followed by prostate-specific antigen tests (25.6%) and digital rectal examinations (21.5%). The multivariable analysis identified several factors that significantly increased the likelihood of screening participation, including older age, living with a spouse, poor self-reported health, and abstinence from alcohol consumption in the previous 12 months. Men who had undergone colorectal cancer screening were more likely to participate in PCa screening (adjusted odds ratio, 4.01; 95% confidence interval, 2.03 to 7.93) than those who had not. The primary motivations for screening were recommendations from family or social networks (31.9%) and inclusion in health examination packages (24.3%), whereas healthcare provider recommendations (18%) and symptomatic concerns (5.7%) were the least influential.
Conclusion
Our findings highlight the importance of providing evidence-based information for PCa screening recommendations and the need for improved communication and implementation of a shared decision-making approach for PCa screening in Korea.

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Optimal Definition of Biochemical Recurrence in Patients Who Receive Salvage Radiotherapy Following Radical Prostatectomy for Prostate Cancer: Sung Uk Lee, Jae-Sung Kim, Young Seok Kim, Jaeho Cho, Seo Hee Choi, Taek-Keun Nam, Song Mi Jeong, Youngkyong Kim, Youngmin Choi, Dong Eun Lee, Won Park, Kwan Ho Cho; Cancer Res Treat. 2022;54(4):1191-1199. Published online December 7, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2021.985

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
This study proposed the optimal definition of biochemical recurrence (BCR) after salvage radiotherapy (SRT) following radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer.
Materials and Methods
Among 1,117 patients who had received SRT, data from 205 hormone-naïve patients who experienced post-SRT prostate-specific antigen (PSA) elevation were included in a multi-institutional database. The primary endpoint was to determine the PSA parameters predictive of distant metastasis (DM). Absolute serum PSA levels and the prostate-specific antigen doubling time (PSA-DT) were adopted as PSA parameters.
Results
When BCR was defined based on serum PSA levels ranging from 0.4 ng/mL to nadir+2.0 ng/mL, the 5-year probability of DM was 27.6%-33.7%. The difference in the 5-year probability of DM became significant when BCR was defined as a serum PSA level of 0.8 ng/ml or higher (1.0-2.0 ng/mL). Application of a serum PSA level of ≥ 0.8 ng/mL yielded a c-index value of 0.589. When BCR was defined based on the PSA-DT, the 5-year probability was 22.7%-39.4%. The difference was significant when BCR was defined as a PSA-DT ≤ 3 months and ≤ 6 months. Application of a PSA-DT ≤ 6 months yielded the highest c-index (0.660). These two parameters complemented each other; for patients meeting both PSA parameters, the probability of DM was 39.5%-44.5%; for those not meeting either parameter, the probability was 0.0%-3.1%.
Conclusion
A serum PSA level > 0.8 ng/mL was a reasonable threshold for the definition of BCR after SRT. In addition, a PSA-DT ≤ 6 months was significantly predictive of subsequent DM, and combined application of both parameters enhanced predictability.

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New Prostate MRI Scoring Systems (PI-QUAL, PRECISE, PI-RR, and PI-FAB): AJR Expert Panel Narrative Review
Adriano B. Dias, Silvia D. Chang, Fiona M. Fennessy, Soleen Ghafoor, Sangeet Ghai, Valeria Panebianco, Andrei S. Purysko, Francesco Giganti
American Journal of Roentgenology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy and postoperative radiotherapy: current evidence and controversial issues
Mattia Longoni, Fabian Falkenbach, Markus Graefen, Tobias Maurer, Pierre I. Karakiewicz, Francesco Montorsi, Alberto Briganti, Giorgio Gandaglia
Current Opinion in Urology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
A Prospective Randomized Multicenter Study on the Impact of [18F]F-Choline PET/CT Versus Conventional Imaging for Staging Intermediate- to High-Risk Prostate Cancer
Laura Evangelista, Fabio Zattoni, Marta Burei, Daniele Bertin, Eugenio Borsatti, Tanja Baresic, Mohsen Farsad, Emanuela Trenti, Mirco Bartolomei, Stefano Panareo, Luca Urso, Giuseppe Trifirò, Elisabetta Brugola, Franca Chierichetti, Davide Donner, Lucia S
Journal of Nuclear Medicine.2024; 65(7): 1013. CrossRef
Comparison of the Effects of DOTA and NOTA Chelators on 64Cu-Cudotadipep and 64Cu-Cunotadipep for Prostate Cancer
Inki Lee, Min Hwan Kim, Kyongkyu Lee, Keumrok Oh, Hyunwoo Lim, Jae Hun Ahn, Yong Jin Lee, Gi Jeong Cheon, Dae Yoon Chi, Sang Moo Lim
Diagnostics.2023; 13(16): 2649. CrossRef

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Clinical Outcomes of Postoperative Radiotherapy Following Radical Prostatectomy in Patients with Localized Prostate Cancer: A Multicenter Retrospective Study (KROG 18-01) of a Korean Population: Sung Uk Lee, Kwan Ho Cho, Won Park, Won Kyung Cho, Jae-Sung Kim, Chan Woo Wee, Young Seok Kim, Jin Ho Kim, Taek-Keun Nam, Jaeho Cho, Song Mi Jeong, Youngkyong Kim, Su Jung Shim, Youngmin Choi, Jun-Sang Kim; Cancer Res Treat. 2020;52(1):167-180. Published online June 25, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2019.126

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical outcomes of postoperative radiotherapy (PORT) patients who underwent radical prostatectomy for localized prostate cancer.
Materials and Methods
Localized prostate cancer patients who received PORT after radical prostatectomy between 2001 and 2012 were identified retrospectively in a multi-institutional database. In total, 1,117 patients in 19 institutions were included. Biochemical failure after PORT was defined as prostate-specific antigen (PSA) ≥ nadir+2 after PORT or initiation of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) for increasing PSA regardless of its value.
Results
Ten-year biochemical failure-free survival, clinical failure-free survival, distant metastasisfree survival, overall survival (OS), and cause-specific survival were 60.5%, 76.2%, 84.4%, 91.1%, and 96.6%, respectively, at a median of 84 months after PORT. Pre-PORT PSA ≤ 0.5 ng/ml and Gleason’s score ≤ 7 predicted favorable clinical outcomes, with 10-year OS rates of 92.5% and 94.1%, respectively. The 10-year OS rate was 82.7% for patients with a PSA > 1.0 ng/mL and 86.0% for patients with a Gleason score of 8-10. The addition of longterm ADT (≥ 12 months) to PORT improved OS, particularly in those with a Gleason score of 8-10 or ≥ T3b.
Conclusion
Clinical outcomes of PORT in a Korean prostate cancer population were very similar to those in Western countries. Lower Gleason score and serum PSA level at the time of PORT were significantly associated with favorable outcomes. Addition of long-term ADT (≥ 12 months) to PORT should be considered, particularly in unfavorable risk patients with Gleason scores of 8-10 or ≥ T3b.

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Optimal Definition of Biochemical Recurrence in Patients Who Receive Salvage Radiotherapy Following Radical Prostatectomy for Prostate Cancer
Sung Uk Lee, Jae-Sung Kim, Young Seok Kim, Jaeho Cho, Seo Hee Choi, Taek-Keun Nam, Song Mi Jeong, Youngkyong Kim, Youngmin Choi, Dong Eun Lee, Won Park, Kwan Ho Cho
Cancer Research and Treatment.2022; 54(4): 1191. CrossRef
A discussion on controversies and ethical dilemmas in prostate cancer screening
Satish Chandra Mishra
Journal of Medical Ethics.2021; 47(3): 152. CrossRef
Clinical Outcome of Salvage Radiotherapy for Locoregional Clinical Recurrence After Radical Prostatectomy
Sung Uk Lee, Kwan Ho Cho, Jin Ho Kim, Young Seok Kim, Taek-Keun Nam, Jae-Sung Kim, Jaeho Cho, Seo Hee Choi, Su Jung Shim, Jin Hee Kim, Ah Ram Chang
Technology in Cancer Research & Treatment.2021;[Epub] CrossRef

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Retrospective Study of the Significant Predictive Role of Inflammatory Degree in Initial and Repeat Prostate Biopsy Specimens for Detecting Prostate Cancer: Sung Han Kim, Boram Park, Jae Young Joung, Jinsoo Chung, Ho Kyung Seo, Kang Hyun Lee, Weon Seo Park; Cancer Res Treat. 2019;51(3):910-918. Published online October 2, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2018.314

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to determine whether histologic inflammation (HI) in initial and repeat prostate biopsy specimens was significantly associated with the detection of prostate cancer.
Materials and Methods
Between 2005 and 2017, the clinicopathological records of patients with high prostatespecific antigen (PSA) levels who underwent initial and repeat prostate biopsies were retrospectively reviewed. The presence of HI and its degree in each biopsied specimen were interpreted by one uropathologist with 20 years of experience. The association between HI and cancer diagnosis was statistically assessed, with p < 0.05 considered significant, and the cancer and non-cancer groups were compared.
Results
Among the 522 patients with a median PSA levels of 6.5 ng/dL, including 258 (49.4%) whose cancer was diagnosed following repeat biopsy, the median degrees of HI in the initial and repeat biopsies were 25.0% and 41.7%, respectively. Furthermore, 211 (40.4%) and 247 (47.3%) patients had HI (> 0%) on biopsied specimens, respectively. Comparison of the cancer and noncancer groups revealed that a greater rate of HI specimens in the initial biopsy was associated with fewer prostate cancer diagnoses following repeat biopsy (p < 0.001). Other comparisons between the cancer and non-cancer groups showed that the cancer group had a significantly higher rate of hypertension, whereas those non-cancer group had a significantly higher rate of benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostatitis (p < 0.05).
Conclusion
A finding of a lesser degree of HI in the initial and a greater degree of HI in the repeat biopsied specimens was associated with the higher probability of cancer diagnosis in patients with high PSA levels.

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Growth and differentiation factor 15 and NF‐κB expression in benign prostatic biopsies and risk of subsequent prostate cancer detection
Benjamin A. Rybicki, Sudha M. Sadasivan, Yalei Chen, Oleksandr Kravtsov, Watchareepohn Palangmonthip, Kanika Arora, Nilesh S. Gupta, Sean Williamson, Kevin Bobbitt, Dhananjay A. Chitale, Deliang Tang, Andrew G. Rundle, Kenneth A. Iczkowski
Cancer Medicine.2021; 10(9): 3013. CrossRef

6,491 View
144 Download
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