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Original Article
Rare Cancer
Clinical Experience of Male Primary Choriocarcinoma at the Samsung Medical Center
Young Sok Ji, Se Hoon Park
Cancer Res Treat. 2021;53(3):874-880.   Published online December 7, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2020.1066
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Purpose
The objective of this study was to describe and analyze the clinicopathological features of primary choriocarcinoma (PCC) observed in male patients treated at the Samsung Medical Center between 1996 and 2020.
Materials and Methods
We reviewed the clinical records of 14 male patients with PCC retrospectively to assess their demographic, histological, and clinical characteristics at the time of diagnosis as well as identify the treatment outcomes.
Results
The median age of the patients was 33 years. The primary tumor site was the testicles in seven cases (50%), the mediastinum in six cases (43%), and the brain in one case (7%). The most common metastatic site was the lungs (79%), followed by the brain (43%). All patients with PCC received cytotoxic chemotherapy. Twelve patients had records of their response to cytotoxic chemotherapy; of these 12 patients, eight (8/12, 67%) achieved an objective response, and four (4/12, 33%) achieved stable disease response as the best response during chemotherapy.
Conclusion
It is known that most male PCC patients eventually develop resistance to cytotoxic chemotherapy and die. Factors such as poor response to chemotherapy, high disease burden, brain metastasis, and hemoptysis at the time of diagnosis are associated with shorter survival time in male PCC patients. Programmed death-1/programmed death-ligand 1 blockade therapy can be a salvage treatment for chemotherapy-resistant male PCC patients.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Primary retroperitoneal choriocarcinoma with lung and liver metastasis in a male patient: case report
    Guimei Wang, Ronghui Li
    Oncologie.2024; 26(1): 167.     CrossRef
  • A poor prognostic male choriocarcinoma with multiple systemic metastases: a case report and the literature review
    Wenpeng Huang, Zuohuan Zheng, Zheng Bao, Xiaoyan Xiao, Liming Li, Zhaonan Sun, Lei Kang
    Frontiers in Medicine.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Pediatric primary extragonadal choriocarcinoma - A study on male patients at a single tertiary medical institution
    Jui-Ju Tseng, Chi-Yen Chen, Chiung-Wen Liang, Fang-Liang Huang
    Pediatrics & Neonatology.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Comparative analysis of testicular and nontesticular choriocarcinoma: a population-based study
    Sakhr Alshwayyat, Maen S. Soudi, Marwa T. Qaddoura, Tala A. Alshwayyat, Obada Ababneh, Hamdah Hanifa, Ramez M. Odat, Rami S. AlAzab
    Annals of Medicine & Surgery.2024; 86(12): 6951.     CrossRef
  • The tumor or inflammation? a case report on primary pulmonary choriocarcinoma
    Na Wang, Nan Zhang, Xinyue Zhang, Yuanyuan Wang, Yajie Fu, Lingfei Guo, Changhu Liang, Mengru Yu
    Frontiers in Oncology.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Pure testicular choriocarcinoma, a rare and highly malignant subtype with challenging treatment: A case report and review of the literature
    Na Lei, Li-Li Lei, Chao-Hong Wang, Chao-Rong Mei
    Molecular and Clinical Oncology.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Antineoplastics

    Reactions Weekly.2022; 1890(1): 41.     CrossRef
  • Case Report: Treatment of primary pulmonary choriocarcinoma with lung lobectomy and adjuvant chemotherapy
    Andrea M. Johnson, Christiana M. Johnson, Zena Khalil, Maria Stitzel, Deanna Teoh
    Gynecologic Oncology Reports.2022; 43: 101064.     CrossRef
  • Extragonadal Germ Cell Tumors of the Mediastinum and Retroperitoneum
    David Aguiar Bujanda, Daniel Pérez Cabrera, Laura Croissier Sánchez
    American Journal of Clinical Oncology.2022; 45(12): 493.     CrossRef
  • 7,068 View
  • 155 Download
  • 10 Web of Science
  • 9 Crossref
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Case Reports
Treatment of Pulmonary Tumor Embolism from Choriocarcinoma: Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation as a Bridge through Chemotherapy
Jae Heun Chung, Hye Ju Yeo, Hyun Myung Cho, Jin Ook Jang, Byung Min Ye, Gun Yoon, Dong Hoon Shin, Dohyung Kim, Woo Hyun Cho
Cancer Res Treat. 2017;49(1):279-282.   Published online June 24, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2016.125
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
A 22-year-old woman with a 1-month history of shortness of breath that was treated as a case of tuberculosis and pulmonary embolism was referred to the authors’ hospital. Because of the hemodynamic instability in this patient, venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) was administered in the intensive care unit. She underwent a pulmonary embolectomy for the treatment of progressive circulatory collapse secondary to a pulmonary embolism. The histopathologic result was consistent with a metastatic choriocarcinoma. Despite the surgical management, persistent refractory cardiogenic shock occurred. Subsequently, the patient was treated with chemotherapy in the presence of ECMO and responded well to chemotherapy. She was discharged after 3 months. This case suggests that metastatic choriocarcinoma should be considered as a differential diagnosis in women of childbearing age presenting with a pulmonary embolism, and ECMO may be beneficial in patients with pulmonary embolism for bridging to surgical embolectomy and chemotherapy.

Citations

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  • Isolated pulmonary artery choriocarcinoma masquerading as pulmonary embolism diagnosed by endovascular biopsy
    Simon Doran, Ronan Kernan, Niall McEniff
    Radiology Case Reports.2024; 19(8): 3525.     CrossRef
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    Alejandra Portillo-Romero, Eric Cuevas-Medina, Maria Jose Santa Ana-Bayona, Santiago Saenz-Ancira, Costantino Mancusi, Megha Agarwal, A Shaheer Ahmed, Federico B Blasi, Polyvios Demetriades, Jonathan Senior
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  • A rare case of pulmonary artery embolism with choriocarcinoma: A case report and literature review
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    Oncology Letters.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Gynecologic Oncology Reports.2021; 37: 100849.     CrossRef
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    Respiratory Medicine Case Reports.2021; 34: 101527.     CrossRef
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    Cureus.2020;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Lessons from a patient with cardiac arrest due to massive pulmonary embolism as the initial presentation of Wilms tumor: a case report and literature review
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    BMC Pediatrics.2019;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Clinical and Applied Thrombosis/Hemostasis.2019;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Pulmonary Circulation.2018; 8(2): 1.     CrossRef
  • Possibility of venoarterial extracorporeal membranous oxygenator being a bridging therapy for hemodynamic deterioration of pulmonary tumor thrombotic microangiopathy prior to initiating chemotherapy
    Yoshiaki Iwashita, Takuya Hiramoto, Kei Suzuki, Ryotaro Hashizume, Kazuo Maruyama, Hiroshi Imai
    Medicine.2018; 97(37): e12169.     CrossRef
  • Role of chemotherapy and thrombolysis in treatment of choriocarcinoma accompanied with pulmonary embolism
    Mei Yang, Li Peng
    Medicine.2017; 96(36): e7866.     CrossRef
  • Antineoplastics

    Reactions Weekly.2017; 1643(1): 32.     CrossRef
  • 9,335 View
  • 191 Download
  • 18 Web of Science
  • 20 Crossref
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Mixed Testicular Germ Cell Tumor Presenting as Metastatic Pure Choriocarcinoma Involving Multiple Lung Metastases That Was Effectively Treated with High-dose Chemotherapy
Sang-Cheol Lee, Kyoung Ha Kim, Sung Han Kim, Nam Su Lee, Hee Sook Park, Jong-Ho Won
Cancer Res Treat. 2009;41(4):229-232.   Published online December 31, 2009
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2009.41.4.229
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub

Choriocarcinoma in the testis is very rare, and it represents less than 1% (0.3%) of all the testicular germ cell tumors. It is a particularly aggressive variant of non-seminoma tumor, which is characterized by a high serum β-HCG level and multiple lung metastases. The optimal management for this disease remains undefined. We report here on a case of choriocarcinoma with multiple lung metastases, and the patient has achieved continuous remission for 2 years after combination chemotherapy of BEP (bleomycin, etoposide and cisplatin) and sequential high-dose chemotherapy with autologous peripheral stem cell rescue.

Citations

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  • Testicular Mixed Germ Cell Tumor Presenting with Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding: A Case Report
    Emilija Nikolovska Trpchevska, Beti Todorovska, Magdalena Bogdanovska Todorovska, Meri Trajkovska, Dafina Nikolova, Darko Dzambaz, Gjorgji Deriban, Fana Licoska-Josifovikj
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  • Gastrointestinal Bleeding Secondary to Metastatic Duodenal Choriocarcinoma in a Patient with Concomitant Peptic Ulcer Disease
    Ahmed Elfiky, Asmaa Mokhtar, Mira Alsheikh, Hassan Almoussawi, Stephen Mulrooney, Haruhiko Sugimura
    Case Reports in Gastrointestinal Medicine.2021; 2021: 1.     CrossRef
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    International Journal of Cancer Management.2017;[Epub]     CrossRef
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  • 69 Download
  • 10 Crossref
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Primary Gastric Choriocarcinoma: Two Case Reports and Review of the Literatures
Jung Ho Yoon, Min Soo Kim, Eun Hee Kook, Se Han Ahn, Se Young Jeong, Min Sung Han, Jung Kwon Huh, Hye Jin Kang, Im Il Na, Soo Youn Cho, Sang Bum Kim, Baek Yeol Ryoo, Sung Hyun Yang
Cancer Res Treat. 2008;40(3):145-150.   Published online September 30, 2008
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2008.40.3.145
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub

Primary gastric choriocarcinoma (PGC) is a rare tumor, and its pathogenesis is still uncertain. Most PGCs have been reported to possess an adenocarcinoma component of variable extent, and pure PGC is especially rare. The diagnosis of PGC is confirmed by exhibition of choriocarcinomatous components on biopsy and exhibition of β-hCG positive cell on immunohistochemical stain and elevation of the serum β-hCG. Moreover it must be confirmed that no other site including gonads displays any tumor masses. The PGC tends to be more invasive and to have early metastasis. The median survival is known to be less than several months. We report two cases. The first case was a 62 year-old man who was diagnosed as advanced gastric cancer (AGC) by endoscopic biopsy with hepatic metasasis and received palliative chemotherapy with modified FOLFOX regimen and Genexol plus cisplatin regimen. He underwent subtotal gastrectomy due to perforation of the stomach during chemotherapy. On post-operative biopsy, He was re-diagnosed as PGC and received another palliative chemotherapy modified FOLFIRI, BEP, EMACO, VIP. However, multiple liver metastases were aggravated, and also serum AFP level increased. Ultimately, the paient died 10 months after initial diagnosis. Another case was a 45 year-old man. On endoscopic biopsy, he was diagnosed as AGC of adenocarcinoma. On Chest and Abdomen CT, multiple pulmonary and hepatic metastasis were also confirmed. On liver biopsy, He was diagnosed as PGC. The immunohistochemical stains were performed and the results were cytokeratin positive, EMA negative and β-hCG weak positive. The serum β-hCG level was highly elevated. BEP, VIP and EMA/CO combination therapy were administered, but he died at 12th months after the initial diagnosis.

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A Case of Primary Gastric Choriocarcinoma Presenting with Amenorrhea
Seung Hyun Nam, Seock Ah Im, Ki Sun Bae, In Sook Kang, Jung Mi Kwon, Kyung Eun Lee, Hye Sung Moon, Sun Hee Sung, Woon Sup Han, Chu Myong Seong, Soon Nam Lee
Cancer Res Treat. 2002;34(6):457-460.   Published online December 31, 2002
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2002.34.6.457
AbstractAbstract PDF
Primary gastric choriocarcinomas are very rare, and their prognosis is extremely poor. A 37-year-old woman presented with amenorrhea, vaginal spotting and severe nausea, which mimicked a pregnancy and gestational trophoblastic disease. The serum level of the beta-subunit of human chorionic gonadotrophin (beta-hCG) was significantly increased. An endoscopic biopsy of the stomach mass showed the features of a choriocarcinoma, with marked anaplasia and necrosis. Immunohistochemical staining for beta-hCG showed positive results in the choriocarcinoma. Chemotherapy for the choriocarcinoma was administered, but she died 8 months following diagnosis.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Primary Gastric Choriocarcinoma: Two Case Reports and Review of the Literatures
    Jung Ho Yoon, Min Soo Kim, Eun Hee Kook, Se Han Ahn, Se Young Jeong, Min Sung Han, Jung Kwon Huh, Hye Jin Kang, Im Il Na, Soo Youn Cho, Sang Bum Kim, Baek Yeol Ryoo, Sung Hyun Yang
    Cancer Research and Treatment.2008; 40(3): 145.     CrossRef
  • 4,247 View
  • 34 Download
  • 1 Crossref
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Original Articles
Inhibitory Effect of Transforming Growth Fasctor-β1 on Cellular Proliferation and c-myc Expression in Choriocarcinoma Cell Line
Sa Jin Kim, Jin Woo Kim, Jong Gu Rha, Guisera Lee, Seung Kyu Song, Sung Eun Namkoong
J Korean Cancer Assoc. 1995;27(6):961-968.
AbstractAbstract PDF
Modulation of cellular proliferation and c-myc oncogene expression after treatment of human choriocarcinoma cell line(BeWo) with trsnsorming growth factor-¥a1(TGF-¥a1) have been investigated by MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiaxol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] assay and Northern blotting analysis, respectively. TGF-¥a1 inhibited BeWo cell growth in a dose dependent manner at concentrations of 0.00110 ng/mL. When BeWo cells were exposed to 10 ng/ml of TGF-¥a1,c-myc was repressed after 4hr and completely aboiished at 24hr of stimulation. These results show that TGF-¥a1 may play an antiproliferative effect on BeWo cell growth via c-myc gene product. In vitro analysis of cellular and molecular alterations in BeWo cells in this study may aid in elucidating the mechanism of action of TGF-¥a1 on human choriocarcinoma tissues in vivo.
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Clinical Trial of Concomitant Thermo - Chemotherapy in Cervix Cancer Patients
Hong Seok Jang, Sei Chul Yoon, Su Mi Chung, Mi Ryeong Ryu, Yeon Shil Kim, Jong Sup Park, Sung Eun NamKoong, Seung Jo Kim, Kyung Sub Shinn
J Korean Cancer Assoc. 1995;27(6):968-978.
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