Purpose No standard salvage regimen is available for relapsed or refractory sarcoma. We investigated the efficacy and toxicity of the vincristine, irinotecan, and temozolomide combination (VIT) for relapsed or refractory sarcomas of variable histology in children and young adults.
Materials and Methods We retrospectively reviewed data from the relapsed or refractory sarcoma patients who were treated with VIT. The VIT protocol was given every 3 weeks as follows: vincristine, 1.5 mg/m2 intravenously on day 1, irinotecan, 50 mg/m2/day intravenously on days 1-5, and temozolomide, 100 mg/m2/day orally on days 1-5.
Results A total of 26 patients (12 males) with various sarcoma histology were included in the study. Most common diagnosis was rhabdomyosarcoma (n=8) followed by osteosarcoma (n=7). Median age at the start of VIT was 18.5 years (range, 2.0 to 39.9). VIT was delivered as 2nd to 7th line of treatment, with 4th line most common (9/26, 34.6%). Median number of VIT courses given was 3 (range, 1 to 18). Of the 25 evaluable patients, there was two partial response (PR) and 11 stable disease (SD) with an overall control rate (complete remission+PR+SD) of 52%. PR was seen in one (50%) of the two evaluable patients with Ewing sarcoma and one (14.3%) of the seven patients with osteosarcoma. Overall survival and progression-free survival rates were 79.3% and 33.9% at 1 year, and 45.5% and 25.4% at 2 years, respectively. There was no treatment-related mortality.
Conclusion The VIT regimen was effective and relatively safe in our cohort of sarcoma patients.
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Purpose
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) and targeted small-molecule drugs are mainstay elements of lung cancer chemotherapy. However, they are associated with development of pneumonitis, a rare, but potentially life-threatening event. We analyzed lung cancer patients treated with ICI to evaluate the effect of sequential therapeutic administration on the incidence of pneumonitis.
Materials and Methods
In this retrospective study, 242 patients were included. Serial radiologic findings taken during and immediately after ICI treatment were reviewed. Factors that increased pneumonitis and the relationship between peri-ICI chemotherapy and the development of pneumonitis were evaluated.
Results
Pneumonitis developed in 23 patients (9.5%); severe pneumonitis (grade ≥ 3) occurred in 13 of 23 patients (56%); pneumonitis-related death occurred in six. High-dose thoracic radiation (≥ 6,000 cGy) revealed a tendency toward high risk of pneumonitis (odds ratio, 2.642; 95% confidence interval, 0.932 to 7.490; p=0.068). Among 149 patients followed for ≥ 8 weeks after the final ICI dose, more patients who received targeted agents within 8-weeks post-ICI experienced pneumonitis (3/16, 18.8%) compared with patients who received cytotoxic agents (4/54, 7.4%) or no chemotherapy (4/79, 5.1%) (p=0.162). Targeted therapy was associated with earlier-onset pneumonitis than treatment with cytotoxic agents (35 vs. 62 days post-ICI, p=0.007); the resulting pneumonitis was more severe (grade ≥ 3, 100% vs. 0%, p=0.031).
Conclusion
Sequential administration of small-molecule targeted agents immediately after ICI may increase the risk of severe pneumonitis. The sequence of chemotherapy regimens that include ICI and targeted agents should be carefully planned to reduce the risk of pneumonitis in lung cancer patients.
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