Cancer Research and Treatment

Original Articles

Lung and Thoracic cancer

Contribution of Enhanced Locoregional Control to Improved Overall Survival with Consolidative Durvalumab after Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy in Locally Advanced Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Insights from Real-World Data: Jeong Yun Jang, Si Yeol Song, Young Seob Shin, Ha Un Kim, Eun Kyung Choi, Sang-We Kim, Jae Cheol Lee, Dae Ho Lee, Chang-Min Choi, Shinkyo Yoon, Su Ssan Kim; Cancer Res Treat. 2024;56(3):785-794. Published online January 16, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2023.1014

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Purpose
This study aimed to assess the real-world clinical outcomes of consolidative durvalumab in patients with unresectable locally advanced non–small cell lung cancer (LA-NSCLC) and to explore the role of radiotherapy in the era of immunotherapy.
Materials and Methods
This retrospective study assessed 171 patients with unresectable LA-NSCLC who underwent concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) with or without consolidative durvalumab at Asan Medical Center between May 2018 and May 2021. Primary outcomes included freedom from locoregional failure (FFLRF), distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS), progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS).
Results
Durvalumab following CCRT demonstrated a prolonged median PFS of 20.9 months (p=0.048) and a 3-year FFLRF rate of 57.3% (p=0.008), compared to 13.7 months and 38.8%, respectively, with CCRT alone. Furthermore, the incidence of in-field recurrence was significantly greater in the CCRT-alone group compared to the durvalumab group (26.8% vs. 12.4%, p=0.027). While median OS was not reached with durvalumab, it was 35.4 months in patients receiving CCRT alone (p=0.010). Patients positive for programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression showed notably better outcomes, including FFLRF, DMFS, PFS, and OS. Adherence to PACIFIC trial eligibility criteria identified 100 patients (58.5%) as ineligible. The use of durvalumab demonstrated better survival regardless of eligibility criteria.
Conclusion
The use of durvalumab consolidation following CCRT significantly enhanced locoregional control and OS in patients with unresectable LA-NSCLC, especially in those with PD-L1–positive tumors, thereby validating the role of durvalumab in standard care.

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Therapeutic effect of induction therapy including nab-paclitaxel followed by surgical resection for the patients with locally advanced non-small-cell lung cancer
Hidetaka Uramoto, Nozomu Motono, Shun Iwai
Journal of Cardiothoracic Surgery.2024;[Epub] CrossRef

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Clinical Outcome of Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy in Patients with Early-Stage Lung Cancer with Ground-Glass Opacity Predominant Lesions: A Single Institution Experience: Jeong Yun Jang, Su Ssan Kim, Si Yeol Song, Young Seob Shin, Sei Won Lee, Wonjun Ji, Chang-Min Choi, Eun Kyung Choi; Cancer Res Treat. 2023;55(4):1181-1189. Published online March 21, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2022.1656

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Purpose
The detection rate of early-stage lung cancer with ground-glass opacity (GGO) has increased, and stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) has been suggested as an alternative to surgery in inoperable patients. However, reports on treatment results are limited. Therefore, we performed a retrospective study to investigate the clinical outcome after SBRT in patients with early-stage lung cancer with GGO-predominant tumor lesions at a single institution.
Materials and Methods
This study included 89 patients with 99 lesions who were treated with SBRT for lung cancer with GGO-predominant lesions that had a consolidation-to-tumor ratio of ≤0.5 at Asan Medical Center between July 2016 and July 2021. A median total dose of 56.0 Gy (range, 48.0–60.0) was delivered using 10.0–15.0 Gy per fraction.
Results
The overall follow-up period for the study was median 33.0 months (range, 9.9 to 65.9 months). There was 100% local control with no recurrences in any of the 99 treated lesions. Three patients had regional recurrences outside of the radiation field, and three had distant metastasis. The 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year overall survival rates were 100.0%, 91.6%, and 82.8%, respectively. Univariate analysis revealed that advanced age and a low level of diffusing capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide were significantly associated with overall survival. There were no patients with grade ≥3 toxicity.
Conclusion
SBRT is a safe and effective treatment for patients with GGO-predominant lung cancer lesions and is likely to be considered as an alternative to surgery.

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Prognostic analysis of helical tomotherapy stereotactic body radiotherapy in multiple primary or second primary lung cancers
Jintao Ma, Xiaohong Xu, Wenhan Huang, Yong Hu, Gang Chen, Jian He
BMC Cancer.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Place de la radiothérapie en conditions stéréotaxiques dans les cancers bronchiques non à petites cellules localisés
Catherine Durdux, Aurélia Alati
Bulletin du Cancer.2025; 112(3): 3S31. CrossRef
Recent Advancements in Minimally Invasive Surgery for Early Stage Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Narrative Review
Jibran Ahmad Khan, Ibrahem Albalkhi, Sarah Garatli, Marcello Migliore
Journal of Clinical Medicine.2024; 13(11): 3354. CrossRef
The clinical effect of thoracoscopic segmentectomy in the treatment of lung malignancies less than 2CM in diameter
Yafeng Zhang, Renzhong Shi, Xiaoming Xia, Kaiyao Zhang
Journal of Cardiothoracic Surgery.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Impact of ground-glass component on prognosis in early-stage lung cancer treated with stereotactic body radiotherapy via Helical Tomotherapy
Jintao Ma, Shaonan Fan, Wenhan Huang, Xiaohong Xu, Yong Hu, Jian He
Radiation Oncology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef

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Integrin αvβ3 Induces HSP90 Inhibitor Resistance via FAK Activation in KRAS-Mutant Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Shinkyo Yoon, Hannah Yang, Hyun-Min Ryu, Eunjin Lee, Yujin Jo, Seyoung Seo, Deokhoon Kim, Chang Hoon Lee, Wanlim Kim, Kyung Hae Jung, Sook Ryun Park, Eun Kyung Choi, Sang-We Kim, Kang-Seo Park, Dae Ho Lee; Cancer Res Treat. 2022;54(3):767-781. Published online September 30, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2021.651

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Purpose
Heat shock protein-90 (HSP90) remains an important cancer target because of its involvement in multiple oncogenic protein pathways and biologic processes. Although many HSP90 inhibitors have been tested in the treatment of KRAS-mutant non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), most, including AUY922, have failed due to toxic effects and resistance generation, even though a modest efficacy has been observed for these drugs in clinical trials. In our present study, we investigated the novel mechanism of resistance to AUY922 to explore possible avenues of overcoming and want to provide some insights that may assist with the future development of successful next-generation HSP90 inhibitors.
Materials and Methods
We established two AUY922-resistant KRAS-mutated NSCLC cells and conducted RNA sequencing to identify novel resistance biomarker.
Results
We identified novel two resistance biomarkers. We observed that both integrin Av (ITGAv) and β3 (ITGB3) induce AUY922-resistance via focal adhesion kinase (FAK) activation, as well as an epithelial-mesenchymal transition, in both in vitro and in vivo xenograft model. mRNAs of both ITGAv and ITGB3 were also found to be elevated in a patient who had shown acquired resistance in a clinical trial of AUY922. ITGAv was induced by miR-142 downregulation, and ITGB3 was increased by miR-150 downregulation during the development of AUY922-resistance. Therefore, miR-150 and miR-142 overexpression effectively inhibited ITGAvB3-dependent FAK activation, restoring sensitivity to AUY922.
Conclusion
The synergistic co-targeting of FAK and HSP90 attenuated the growth of ITGAvB3-induced AUY922-resistant KRAS-mutated NSCLC cells in vitro and in vivo, suggesting that this combination may overcome acquired AUY922-resistance in KRAS-mutant NSCLC.

Citations

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Triiodothyronine promotes the proliferation and chemoresistance of cholangiocarcinoma cells via HIF-1α/Glut1-stimulated glycolysis
Dihua Huang, Feng Xu, Luohang Xu, Zekai Tang, Yanxin Hu, Jiandong Li, Jianhua Yu
Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Basis of Disease.2025; 1871(5): 167814. CrossRef
Integrins in Cancer Drug Resistance: Molecular Mechanisms and Clinical Implications
Yoshinobu Kariya, Michiru Nishita
International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2025; 26(7): 3143. CrossRef
Integrin αV Inhibition by GMI, a Ganoderma Microsporum Immunomodulatory Protein, Abolish Stemness and Migration in EGFR‐Mutated Lung Cancer Cells Resistant to Osimertinib
Yu‐Ting Kang, Hui‐Yi Chang, Ya‐Chu Hsieh, Chia‐Hsuan Chou, I‐Lun Hsin, Jiunn‐Liang Ko
Environmental Toxicology.2024; 39(12): 5238. CrossRef
Junctional adhesion molecular 3 (JAM3) is a novel tumor suppressor and improves the prognosis in breast cancer brain metastases via the TGF-β/Smad signal pathway
Kaitao Zhu, Shiwei Li, Hongru Yao, Jilong Hei, WenGuo Jiang, Tracey Martin, Shanyi Zhang
Journal of Neuro-Oncology.2024; 170(2): 331. CrossRef
Autophagy, molecular chaperones, and unfolded protein response as promoters of tumor recurrence
Bashar Alhasan, Marina Mikeladze, Irina Guzhova, Boris Margulis
Cancer and Metastasis Reviews.2023; 42(1): 217. CrossRef

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Axillary Lymph Node Dissection Does Not Improve Post-mastectomy Overall or Disease-Free Survival among Breast Cancer Patients with 1-3 Positive Nodes: Ji Hyeon Joo, Su Ssan Kim, Byung Ho Son, Seung Do Ahn, Jin Hong Jung, Eun Kyung Choi, Sei Hyun Ahn, Jong Won Lee, Hee Jeong Kim, Beom Seok Ko; Cancer Res Treat. 2019;51(3):1011-1021. Published online October 16, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2018.438

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Purpose
Axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) may be avoidable for breast cancer patients with 1-2 positive lymph nodes (LN) after breast-conserving therapy. However, the effects of ALND after mastectomy remain unclear because radiation is not routinely used. Herein, we compared the benefits of post-mastectomy ALND versus sentinel node biopsy (SNB) alone for breast cancer patients with 1-3 metastatic LNs.
Materials and Methods
A total of 1,697 patients with pN1 disease who underwent mastectomy during 2000-2015 were identified from an institutional database. Outcomes were compared using the inverse probability of treatment weighted method.
Results
Patients who underwent SNB tended to have smaller tumors, a lower histology grade, a lower number of positive LNs, and better immunohistochemical findings. After correcting all confounding factors regarding patient, tumor, and adjuvant treatment, the SNB and ALND groups did not differ in terms of overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS), distant metastasis and locoregional recurrence. The 10-year DFS and OS rates were 83% and 84%, respectively, during a median follow-up period of 93 months.
Conclusion
ALND did not improve post-mastectomy survival outcomes among patients with N1 breast cancer, even after adjusting for all histopathologic and treatment-related factors.

Citations

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The Impact of Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy on Female Patients With T3-4c Breast Cancer and 1-2 Positive Lymph Nodes: A Population-Based Cohort Study
Hanzhao Yang, Yadong Sun, Peili Wang, Jianghua Qiao, Chengzheng Wang, Zhenzhen Liu
Clinical Breast Cancer.2024; 24(3): e126. CrossRef
Axillary management in patients with clinical node-negative early breast cancer and positive sentinel lymph node: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Changzai Li, Pan Zhang, Jie Lv, Wei Dong, Baoshan Hu, Jinji Zhang, Hongcheng Zhu
Frontiers in Oncology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Reevaluating Axillary Lymph Node Dissection in Total Mastectomy for Low Axillary Burden Breast Cancer: Insights from a Meta-Analysis including the SINODAR-ONE Trial
Munaser Alamoodi, Neill Patani, Kinan Mokbel, Umar Wazir, Kefah Mokbel
Cancers.2024; 16(4): 742. CrossRef
RecurIndex-Guided postoperative radiotherapy with or without Avoidance of Irradiation of regional Nodes in 1–3 node-positive breast cancer (RIGAIN): a study protocol for a multicentre, open-label, randomised controlled prospective, phase III trial
Jing Liu, Yuting Tan, Zhuofei Bi, Suning Huang, Na Zhang, An-du Zhang, Lina Zhao, Yu Wang, Zibin Liang, Yu Hou, Xiangying Xu, Jianying Chen, Fei Wang, Xiaowen Lan, Xiao Lin, Xiaoxue Zhang, Wenyi Zhou, Xuting Ye, Jian-gui Guo, Xiaohong Wang, Ran Ding, Jiay
BMJ Open.2024; 14(7): e078049. CrossRef
The prognostic analysis of further axillary dissection in breast cancer with 1-2 positive sentinel lymph nodes undergoing mastectomy
Xueyi Zhao, Liu Yang, Congbo Cao, Zhenchuan Song
Frontiers in Oncology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Sentinel lymph node biopsy versus axillary lymph node dissection in breast cancer patients undergoing mastectomy
Damiano GENTILE, Corrado TINTERRI
Minerva Surgery.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Can Axillary Lymph Node Dissection be Omitted in Breast Cancer Patients with Metastatic Sentinel Lymph Nodes Undergoing Mastectomy? A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis of Real‐World Evidence
Fulong Chen, Xiaowen Li, Xianjun Lin, Lijia Chen, Zhaoling Lin, Hao Wu, Jishang Chen
World Journal of Surgery.2023; 47(10): 2446. CrossRef
De-implementation of Axillary Dissection in Women Undergoing Mastectomy for Breast Cancer
Laura D. Leonard, Thiago B. de Araujo, Christopher Quinn, Madeline B. Thomas, Laurel Beaty, Nicole M. Mott, Kathryn Colborn, Alicia A. Heelan, Sarah E. A. Tevis, Nicole Christian, Gretchen Arhendt, Ana L. Gleisner
Annals of Surgical Oncology.2023; 30(9): 5692. CrossRef
A multi-dimensional nomogram to predict non-sentinel lymph node metastases in T1–2HR+ breast cancer
Ke Xiang, Jialin Chen, Yu Min, Hang Chen, Jiaxin Yang, Daixing Hu, Yuling Han, Guobing Yin, Yang Feng
Frontiers in Endocrinology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Sentinel lymph node biopsy versus axillary lymph node dissection in breast cancer patients undergoing mastectomy with one to two metastatic sentinel lymph nodes: sub-analysis of the SINODAR-ONE multicentre randomized clinical trial and reopening of enrolm
Corrado Tinterri, Giuseppe Canavese, Wolfgang Gatzemeier, Erika Barbieri, Alberto Bottini, Andrea Sagona, Giulia Caraceni, Alberto Testori, Simone Di Maria Grimaldi, Carla Dani, Luca Boni, Paolo Bruzzi, Bethania Fernandes, Marta Scorsetti, Alberto Zambell
British Journal of Surgery.2023; 110(9): 1143. CrossRef
Efficacy and safety comparison between axillary lymph node dissection with no axillary surgery in patients with sentinel node-positive breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Yu-Jia Fan, Jin-Cheng Li, De-Miao Zhu, Hai-Long Zhu, Yi Zhao, Xin-Bing Zhu, Gang Wu, Ting-ting Bai
BMC Surgery.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Factores predictivos de metástasis en ganglios no centinela en el cáncer de mama con ganglio centinela positivo
Mariana Peyroteo, Rita Canotilho, Ana Margarida Correia, Catarina Baía, Cátia Ribeiro, Paulo Reis, Abreu de Sousa
Cirugía Española.2022; 100(2): 81. CrossRef
Optimizing Axillary Management in Clinical T1-2N0 Mastectomy Patients with Positive Sentinel Lymph Nodes
Olga Kantor, Jessica Means, Samantha Grossmith, Tanujit Dey, Jennifer R. Bellon, Elizabeth A. Mittendorf, Tari A. King
Annals of Surgical Oncology.2022; 29(2): 972. CrossRef
Predictive factors of non-sentinel lymph node disease in breast cancer patients with positive sentinel lymph node
Mariana Peyroteo, Rita Canotilho, Ana Margarida Correia, Catarina Baía, Cátia Ribeiro, Paulo Reis, Abreu de Sousa
Cirugía Española (English Edition).2022; 100(2): 81. CrossRef
Axilla lymph node dissection can be safely omitted in patients with 1–2 positive sentinel nodes receiving mastectomy: a large multi-institutional study and a systemic meta-analysis
Weiqi Gao, Shuangshuang Lu, Yufei Zeng, Xiaosong Chen, Kunwei Shen
Breast Cancer Research and Treatment.2022; 196(1): 129. CrossRef
Comparison of survival outcomes between axillary conservation and axillary lymph node dissections in N1 early breast cancer: a propensity-matched SEER analysis
Nisha Wu, Xiaohan Su, Qiao Tan, Jing Luo, Yewei Yuan, Lingmi Hou, Junyan Li
Clinical and Translational Oncology.2022; 25(4): 1091. CrossRef
Surgeon Bias in the Management of Positive Sentinel Lymph Nodes
Brittany J. Mathias, James Sun, Weihong Sun, Jun-Min Zhou, William J. Fulp, Christine Laronga, M. Catherine Lee, John V. Kiluk
Clinical Breast Cancer.2021; 21(1): 74. CrossRef
Impact of Axillary Dissection Among Patients With Sentinel Node–Positive Breast Cancer Undergoing Mastectomy
James Sun, Brittany J. Mathias, Christine Laronga, Weihong Sun, Jun-Min Zhou, William J. Fulp, John V. Kiluk, M. Catherine Lee
Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network.2021; 19(1): 40. CrossRef
Evolution of the Use of Completion Axillary Lymph Node Dissection in Patients with T1/2N0M0 Breast Cancer and Tumour-Involved Sentinel Lymph Nodes Undergoing Mastectomy: A Cohort Study
André Hennigs, Fabian Riedel, Manuel Feißt, Melitta Köpke, Mahdi Rezai, Ulrike Nitz, Mareike Moderow, Michael Golatta, Christof Sohn, Jörg Heil
Annals of Surgical Oncology.2019; 26(8): 2435. CrossRef

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Optimal Timing for the Administration of Capecitabine with Preoperative Chemoradiation for Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer: Young Ju Noh, Won Sik Choi, Jong Hoon Kim, Jin Cheon Kim, Chang Sik Yu, Hee Cheol Kim, Tae Won Kim, Heung Moon Chang, Min Hee Ryu, Seung Do Ahn, Sang-wook Lee, Seong Soo Shin, Jung Eun Lee, Eun Kyung Choi; Cancer Res Treat. 2006;38(1):30-34. Published online February 28, 2006; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2006.38.1.30

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Purpose

Capecitabine is an oral fluoropyrimidine carbamate and it is known as an effective radiosensitizer. Capecitabine and its metabolite reach their peak concentration in the plasma at 1~2 hours after a single oral administration of capecitabine and the levels fall rapidly thereafter. To verify the radiosensitizing effect of capecitabine that is based on such pharmacokinetic characteristics, we performed a retrospective analysis on the optimal timing of capecitabine administration with performing preoperative chemoradiation for locally advanced rectal cancer.

Materials and Methods

Among 171 patients who were treated with preoperative radiotherapy and concurrent capecitabine administration for rectal cancer, 56 patients were administered capecitabine at 1~2 hours before radiotherapy (group A), and at other time in the other 115 patients (group B). Total mesorectal excision was done at 4 to 6 weeks after the completion of chemoradiation. The radiosensitizing effect of capecitabine was evaluated on the basis of the pathological response.

Results

Complete pathological regression of the primary tumor was observed in 12 patients (21.4%) for group A and in 11 patients (9.6%) for group B (p=0.031). Residual disease less than 0.5 cm (a good response) was observed in 19 patients (33.9%) for group A and in 23 patients (20.0%) for group B (p=0.038). On multivariate analysis, the capecitabine ingestion time showed marginal significance.

Conclusion

When performing preoperative chemoradiation for locally advanced rectal cancer, the radiosensitizing effect of capecitabine was enhanced when it was administered 1 hour before radiotherapy.

Citations

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Systematic review of treatment intensification using novel agents for chemoradiotherapy in rectal cancer
R Clifford, N Govindarajah, J L Parsons, S Gollins, N P West, D Vimalachandran
British Journal of Surgery.2018; 105(12): 1553. CrossRef

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Synergistic Effect of Ionizing Radiation and β-lapachone against RKO Human Colon Adenocarcinoma Cells: Eun Jung Kim, In-Mi Ji, Ki-Jung Ahn, Eun Kyung Choi, Heon-Jin Park, Byung Uk Lim, Chang W. Song, Heon Joo Park; Cancer Res Treat. 2005;37(3):183-190. Published online June 30, 2005; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2005.37.3.183

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Purpose

To reveal the interaction between β-Lapachone (β-lap) and ionizing radiation in causing cell death in RKO human colon adenocarcinoma cells, and to elucidate the potential usefulness of combined β-lap treatment and radiotherapy for cancer treatment.

Materials and Methods

The cytotoxicities of various treatments were determined in vitro using clonogenic and apoptotic cell death. The changes in cell cycle distribution were studied using flow cytometry and an in vitro kinase assay. The tumor growth was studied using RKO tumors grown s.c. in the hind leg BALB/c- nuslc nude mice.

Results

β-lap caused clonogenic cell death and rapid apoptosis in RKO cells in vitro, in a dose dependent manner. The repair of sublethal radiation damage was almost completely inhibited when cells were maintained in β-lap during the interval between the two-dose irradiation. Flow cytometry study demonstrated that β-lap induced apoptosis, independent of the cell cycle phase, and completely prohibited the induction of radiation-induced G2 arrest in irradiated cells. The prohibition of radiation-induced G2 arrest is unclear, but may be related to the profound suppression of the p53, p21 and cyclin B1-Cdc2 kinase activities observed in cells treated with β-lap. The combination of β-lap and radiation markedly enhanced the radiation-induced growth suppression of tumors.

Conclusion

β-lap is cytotoxic against RKO cells, both in vitro and in vivo, and also sensitized cells to ionizing radiation by inhibiting sublethal radiation damage repair. β-lap is potentially useful as a potent anti-cancer chemotherapy drug and potent radiosensitizer against caner cells.

Citations

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Chlorogenic Acid Enhances Beta‐Lapachone‐Induced Cell Death by Suppressing Autophagy in NQO1‐Positive Cancer Cells
Sahib Zada, Md Entaz Bahar, Wanil Kim, Deok Ryong Kim
Cell Biology International.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Artemisia annua L. Polyphenols Enhance the Anticancer Effect of β-Lapachone in Oxaliplatin-Resistant HCT116 Colorectal Cancer Cells
Eun Joo Jung, Hye Jung Kim, Sung Chul Shin, Gon Sup Kim, Jin-Myung Jung, Soon Chan Hong, Choong Won Kim, Won Sup Lee
International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2023; 24(24): 17505. CrossRef
Radiotherapy-induced metabolic hallmarks in the tumor microenvironment
Anjali Mittal, Minal Nenwani, Itisam Sarangi, Abhinav Achreja, Theodore S. Lawrence, Deepak Nagrath
Trends in Cancer.2022; 8(10): 855. CrossRef
Natural products as chemo-radiation therapy sensitizers in cancers
Sabah Nisar, Tariq Masoodi, Kirti S. Prabhu, Shilpa Kuttikrishnan, Lubna Zarif, Summaiya Khatoon, Shahid Ali, Shahab Uddin, Ammira Al-Shabeeb Akil, Mayank Singh, Muzafar A. Macha, Ajaz A. Bhat
Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy.2022; 154: 113610. CrossRef
Beta-Lapachone Attenuates BMSC-Mediated Neuroblastoma Malignant Transformation by Inhibiting Gal-3/Gal-3BP/IL6 Axis
Yang Zhou, Hui Yan, Qiang Zhou, Ruiling Feng, Penggao Wang, Fang Yang, Yaodong Zhang, Ziqiao Yuan, Bo Zhai
Frontiers in Pharmacology.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Napabucasin (BBI 608), a potent chemoradiosensitizer in rectal cancer
Ganji Purnachandra Nagaraju, Batoul Farran, Matthew Farren, Gayathri Chalikonda, Christina Wu, Gregory B. Lesinski, Bassel F. El‐Rayes
Cancer.2020; 126(14): 3360. CrossRef
Using a novel NQO1 bioactivatable drug, beta‐lapachone (ARQ761), to enhance chemotherapeutic effects by metabolic modulation in pancreatic cancer
Muhammad Shaalan Beg, Xiumei Huang, Molly A. Silvers, David E. Gerber, Joyce Bolluyt, Venetia Sarode, Farjana Fattah, Ralph J. Deberardinis, Matthew E. Merritt, Xian‐Jin Xie, Richard Leff, Daniel Laheru, David A. Boothman
Journal of Surgical Oncology.2017; 116(1): 83. CrossRef
2-[(4-Chlorophenyl)selanyl]-3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[h]chromene-5,6-dione: crystal structure and Hirshfeld analysis
Julio Zukerman-Schpector, Karinne E. Prado, Luccas L. Name, Rodrigo Cella, Mukesh M. Jotani, Edward R. T. Tiekink
Acta Crystallographica Section E Crystallographic Communications.2017; 73(6): 918. CrossRef
β-Lapachone induces programmed necrosis through the RIP1-PARP-AIF-dependent pathway in human hepatocellular carcinoma SK-Hep1 cells
E J Park, K-j Min, T-J Lee, Y H Yoo, Y-S Kim, T K Kwon
Cell Death & Disease.2014; 5(5): e1230. CrossRef
Enhancement of radiation effect using beta-lapachone and underlying mechanism
Ki Jung Ahn, Hyung Sik Lee, Se Kyung Bai, Chang Won Song
Radiation Oncology Journal.2013; 31(2): 57. CrossRef

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A Preliminary Results of a Randomized Trial Comparing Monthly 5-flourouracil and Cisplatin to Weekly Cisplatin Alone Combined with Concurrent Radiotherapy for Locally Advanced Cervical Cancer: Young Seok Kim, Seong Soo Shin, Eun Kyung Choi, Jong Hoon Kim, Seung Do Ahn, Sang-wook Lee, Heon-Jin Park, Young-Tak Kim, Jung-Eun Mok, Joo-Hyun Nam; Cancer Res Treat. 2005;37(1):37-43. Published online February 28, 2005; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2005.37.1.37

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Purpose

To determine the superior chemotherapeutic regimen between monthly 5-FU plus cisplatin (FP) and weekly cisplatin alone in concurrent chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced cervical cancer, the compliance of treatment, response, survival and toxicities were analyzed between the two arms.

Materials and Methods

Between March 1998 and December 2001, 61 patients with locally advanced cervical cancer (stage IIB through IVA) and negative para-aortic lymph nodes were randomly assigned to either 'monthly FP' (arm I, n=34) or 'weekly cisplatin' (arm II, n=27) with concurrent radiotherapy. The patients of arm I received FP (5-FU 1,000 mg/m²/day + cisplatin 20 mg/m²/day, for 5 days, for 3 cycles at 4 week intervals) and those of arm II received cisplatin (30 mg/m²/day, for 6 cycles at 1 week intervals) with concurrent radiotherapy. The radiotherapy consisted of 41.4~50.4 Gy external beam irradiation in 23~28 fractions to the whole pelvis, with high dose rate brachytherapy delivering a dose of 30~35 Gy in 6~7 fractions to point A. During the brachytherapy, a parametrial boost was delivered. The median follow-up period for survivors was 44 months.

Results

The compliance of treatment in monthly FP weekly cisplatin arms were 62 and 81%, respectively. The complete response rates at 3 months were 96 and 88% in arms I and II, respectively. The 4-year overall survival and disease free survival rates were 64 and 54% in the arm I and 77 and 66% in the arm II, respectively. The incidence of hematologic toxicity more than grade 2 was 29% in the arm I and 15% in the arm II. Only one patient in arm I experienced grade 3 gastrointestinal toxicity. No severe genitourinary toxicity was observed.

Conclusion

No significant difference was observed in the compliance, responses, survival rates and acute toxicities between the two treatment arms. More patients and further follow up will be required.

Citations

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American Brachytherapy Task Group Report: A pooled analysis of clinical outcomes for high-dose-rate brachytherapy for cervical cancer
Jyoti Mayadev, Akila Viswanathan, Yu Liu, Chin-Shang Li, Kevin Albuquerque, Antonio L. Damato, Sushil Beriwal, Beth Erickson
Brachytherapy.2017; 16(1): 22. CrossRef
Concurrent Weekly Cisplatin Versus Triweekly Cisplatin with Radiotherapy in the Treatment of Cervical Cancer: A Meta-analysis Result
Yan Hu, Zhi-Qiang Cai, Xiao-Yan Su
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention.2012; 13(9): 4301. CrossRef
Laparoscopy-Assisted Intracavitary Radiotherapy Tandem Placement for Patients With Cervical Cancer
Myong Cheol Lim, Dae Chul Jung, Joo-Young Kim, Sang-Yoon Park
International Journal of Gynecological Cancer.2009; 19(6): 1125. CrossRef
Adoptive Transfer of Human Papillomavirus E7-specific CTL Enhances Tumor Chemoresponse Through the Perforin/Granzyme-mediated Pathway
Jeong-Im Sin, Jung-Min Kim, Sung Hwa Bae, In Hee Lee, Jong Sup Park, Hun Mo Ryoo
Molecular Therapy.2009; 17(5): 906. CrossRef

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Prospective Phase II Study of Preoperative Chemoradiation with Capecitabine in Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer: Jin-hong Park, Jong Hoon Kim, Seung Do Ahn, Sang-wook Lee, Seong Soo Shin, Jin Cheon Kim, Chang Sik Yu, Hee Cheol Kim, Yoon-Koo Kang, Tae Won Kim, Heung Moon Chang, Min Hee Ryu, Eun Kyung Choi; Cancer Res Treat. 2004;36(6):354-359. Published online December 31, 2004; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2004.36.6.354

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Purpose

Capecitabine is an attractive oral chemotherapeutic agent that has a radiosensitizing effect and tumor-selectivity. This study was performed to evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of preoperative chemoradiation therapy, when used with oral capecitabine, for locally advanced rectal cancer.

Materials and Methods

A prospective phase II trial of preoperative chemoradiation for locally advanced adenocarcinomas of the lower two-thirds of the rectum was conducted. A radiation dose of 50 Gy over five weeks and a daily dose of 1650 mg/m² capecitabine in two potions was administered during the entire course of radiation therapy. Surgery was performed with standardized total mesorectal excision four to six weeks after completion of the chemoradiation.

Results

Between January 2002 and September 2003, 61 patients were enrolled onto this prospective phase II trial. The pretreatment clinical stages were T3 in 64% (n=39), T4 in 36% (n=22) and N1-2 in 82% (n=50) of these patients. Fifty-six (92%) patients completed the chemoradiation as initially planned and a complete resection performed in 58 (95%). Down-staging was observed in 45 patients (74%) and a pathologic complete response in 6 (10%). Among the 37 patients with tumors located within 5 cm from the anal verge on colonoscopy, 27 (73%) underwent a sphincter-preserving procedure. No grade 3 and 4 proctitis or hematological toxicities were observed.

Conclusion

Preoperative chemoradiation therapy with capecitabine achieved encouraging rates of tumor downstaging and sphincter preservation, with a low toxicity profile. This combined modality can be regarded as a safe and effective treatment for locally advanced rectal cancer.

Citations

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MRI for Rectal Cancer: Staging, mrCRM, EMVI, Lymph Node Staging and Post-Treatment Response
David D.B. Bates, Maria El Homsi, Kevin J. Chang, Neeraj Lalwani, Natally Horvat, Shannon P. Sheedy
Clinical Colorectal Cancer.2022; 21(1): 10. CrossRef
MRI of Rectal Cancer: An Overview and Update on Recent Advances
Kartik S. Jhaveri, Hooman Hosseini-Nik
American Journal of Roentgenology.2015; 205(1): W42. CrossRef
Current Controversies in Neoadjuvant Chemoradiation of Rectal Cancer
P. Terry Phang, Xiaodong Wang
Surgical Oncology Clinics of North America.2014; 23(1): 79. CrossRef
Tailored rectal cancer treatment – a time for implementing contemporary prognostic factors?
A. Wibe, W. L. Law, V. Fazio, C. P. Delaney
Colorectal Disease.2013; 15(11): 1333. CrossRef
Oncologic Outcome After Preoperative Chemoradiotherapy in Patients With Pathologic T0 (ypT0) Rectal Cancer
Tae Young Jang, Chang Sik Yu, Yong Sik Yoon, Seok-Byung Lim, Seung-Mo Hong, Tae Won Kim, Jong Hoon Kim, Jin Cheon Kim
Diseases of the Colon & Rectum.2012; 55(10): 1024. CrossRef
Phase II study of concurrent chemoradiotherapy with capecitabine and cisplatin in patients with locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck
J G Kim, S K Sohn, D H Kim, J H Baek, S B Jeon, Y S Chae, K B Lee, J S Park, J H Sohn, J C Kim, I K Park
British Journal of Cancer.2005; 93(10): 1117. CrossRef
Preoperative Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy with Oral Fluoropyrimidine in Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer: How Good Is Good Enough?
Hyun Cheol Chung
Cancer Research and Treatment.2004; 36(6): 341. CrossRef

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Influence of Estrogen and Polyamines on Mifepristone-induced Apoptosis in Prostate Cancer Cells: Eun Kyung Choi, Hwi-June Song, Min S. Park, Byeong Gee Kim; Cancer Res Treat. 2004;36(1):85-90. Published online February 29, 2004; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2004.36.1.85

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Purpose

Although androgens are the main steroids controlling the growth of prostate glands, estrogens are also important in the regulation of its growth. Prostate cancer cells, like other cancer cells, maintain high levels of polyamines. In LNCaP cells, apoptosis is induced by mifepristone. During the process of cell death, the regulation of ROS production, caspase-3 activation and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage were investigated in the presence of estrogen and polyamines to identify their possible roles.

Materials and Methods

The cell growth was assessed using the MTT assay, and theintracellular ROS production by the DCFH-DA assay. The p53 protein expression, activation of caspase-3 and PARP cleavage were checked by Western blotting, with specific antibodies to each.

Results

The growth and viability of the cells were significantly inhibited, in a dose- and time-dependent manners, by mifepristone (MIF) treatment. The production of ROSwere dependent on the MIF dosage. The activation of caspase-3 and cleavage of PARPalso increased with the duration of MIF treatment. The expression of p53 protein also increased with increases in the MIF incubation time. E₂ severely inhibited the ROS production, caspase-3 activation and PARP cleavage. However, polyamines only inhibited the ROS production, without influencing the caspase-3 activation or PARP cleavage.

Conclusion

In LNCaP cells, MIF induces apoptosis through ROS production. The expression of p53 protein, caspase-3 activation and PARP cleavage accompanied the process of apoptosis. The apoptotic processes were inhibited by E₂, but polyamines only inhibited the ROS production, implying the multifunctional role of E₂, in addition to its role as a free radical scavenger.

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Dexamethasone along with ciprofloxacin modulates S. aureus induced microglial inflammation via glucocorticoid (GC)-GC receptor-mediated pathway
Rajen Dey, Biswadev Bishayi
Microbial Pathogenesis.2020; 145: 104227. CrossRef
Synergistic Effect of Ionizing Radiation and β-lapachone against RKO Human Colon Adenocarcinoma Cells
Eun Jung Kim, In-Mi Ji, Ki-Jung Ahn, Eun Kyung Choi, Heon-Jin Park, Byung Uk Lim, Chang W. Song, Heon Joo Park
Cancer Research and Treatment.2005; 37(3): 183. CrossRef

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Radioresponse of Hepatocellular Carcinoma-Treatment of Lymph Node Metastasis: Sang Min Yoon, Jong Hoon Kim, Eun Kyung Choi, Seung Do Ahn, Sang-wook Lee, Byong Yong Yi, Young Wha Chung, Young Sang Lee, Dong Jin Seo; Cancer Res Treat. 2004;36(1):79-84. Published online February 29, 2004; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2004.36.1.79

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Purpose

To analyze the radioresponse of hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC), using accurate measurements of the tumor size in extrahepatic lymph node metastasis, and to obtain information for the future treatment of primary intrahepatic lesions.

Materials and Methods

Fifty-one extrahepatic lymph node metastases from primary HCCs, which could be treated by external radiotherapy alone, were included in this study. The radiation dose ranged from 30 to 51 Gy with fraction sizes of 2.0~3.0 Gy. Responses were determined by measuring the areas on CT scans 0, 1 and 3 months after the completion of radiotherapy. The median follow-up period of the surviving patients was 10 months.

Results

The overall response rate was 76%, and the important factors were; total dose of radiation, time dose fractionation (TDF) value and the biologically effective dose (BED). A dose of 45 Gy or higher showed an objective response rate of 93%, and if the TDF value was higher than 90, a similar result was observed. In about half (47%) of the patients the maximum response was observed at 3 months or later. The response duration was observable in 14 patients surviving 12 months or longer. Regrowth of irradiated lesions were observed in 4 (66.7%) patients among those who received less than 45 Gy, and in 4 (50%) among those who were treated with 45 Gy or more. There was a statistically significant difference in the survivals between the responders and non-responders (p=0.008). Gastrointestinal bleeding or ulceration was observed in 8 patients, including 3 with NCI common toxicity criteria grade III or higher.

Conclusion

Radiotherapy was an effective palliative modality for extrahepatic metastasis in HCCs. A radiation dose of 45 Gy or higher (or a TDF value ≥90), was required for a major response.

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Yuting Wang, Qiaoqiao Li, Li Zhang, Shiliang Liu, Jinhan Zhu, Yadi Yang, Mengzhong Liu, Yaojun Zhang, Mian Xi
The Oncologist.2023; 28(6): e369. CrossRef
Clinical efficacy and safety of external radiotherapy combined with sorafenib in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Jiali Chen, Kun He, Yunwei Han, Lu Guo, Ke Su, Zhenying Wu
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2022 KLCA-NCC Korea practice guidelines for the management of hepatocellular carcinoma

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Sang Min Yoon
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KLCA Korean Liver Cancer Association, NCC National Cancer Center
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Yoshiyuki Wada, Yuko Takami, Hajime Matsushima, Masaki Tateishi, Tomoki Ryu, Munehiro Yoshitomi, Taisei Matsumura, Hideki Saitsu
Internal Medicine.2018; 57(10): 1345. CrossRef
Percutaneous CT-guided Radiofrequency Ablation for Lymph Node Oligometastases from Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Propensity Score–matching Analysis
Tao Pan, Qian-Kun Xie, Ning Lv, Xi-Shan Li, Lu-Wen Mu, Pei-Hong Wu, Ming Zhao
Radiology.2017; 282(1): 259. CrossRef
Prognostic group stratification and nomogram for predicting overall survival in patients who received radiotherapy for abdominal lymph node metastasis from hepatocellular carcinoma: a multi-institutional retrospective study (KROG 15-02)
Youngkyong Kim, Hee Chul Park, Sang Min Yoon, Tae Hyun Kim, Jieun Lee, Jinhyun Choi, Jeong Il Yu, Jin-Hong Park, Jong Hoon Kim, Joong-Won Park, Jinsil Seong
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Prognostic stratification and nomogram for survival prediction in hepatocellular carcinoma patients treated with radiotherapy for lymph node metastasis
Chan Woo Wee, Kyubo Kim, Eui Kyu Chie, Su Jong Yu, Yoon Jun Kim, Jung Hwan Yoon
The British Journal of Radiology.2016; 89(1065): 20160383. CrossRef
Application of radiotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma in current clinical practice guidelines
Chai Hong Rim, Jinsil Seong
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Radiotherapy for Adrenal Metastasis from Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Multi-Institutional Retrospective Study (KROG 13-05)
Jinhong Jung, Sang Min Yoon, Hee Chul Park, Taek-Keun Nam, Jinsil Seong, Eui Kyu Chie, Tae Hyun Kim, Mi-Sook Kim, Chul Yong Kim, Hong Seok Jang, Jong Hoon Kim, Pei-Yi Chu
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Lin Xu, Feng Xue, Boqing Wang, Dong Yan, Wei Ding, Jiwei Yin, Chao Yi, Wei Wang
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2014 Korean Liver Cancer Study Group-National Cancer Center Korea Practice Guideline for the Management of Hepatocellular Carcinoma

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Doo Yeul Lee, Joong-Won Park, Tae Hyun Kim, Ju Hee Lee, Bo Hyun Kim, Sang Myung Woo, Sang Soo Kim, Woo Jin Lee, Dae Yong Kim, Chang-Min Kim
Strahlentherapie und Onkologie.2015; 191(11): 835. CrossRef
Radiation therapy has been shown to be adaptable for various stages of hepatocellular carcinoma
Yasuteru Kondo
World Journal of Gastroenterology.2015; 21(1): 94. CrossRef
Role of Supportive Care for Terminal Stage Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Manoj Kumar, Dipanjan Panda
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Successful Treatment of Intractable Bleeding Caused by Radiation-Induced Hemorrhagic Gastritis Using Oral Prednisolone: A Case Report
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Jihye Cha, Jinsil Seong, Ik Jae Lee, Jun Won Kim, Kwang-Hyub Han
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Clinical and Translational Oncology.2013; 15(9): 732. CrossRef
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Gut and Liver.2012; 6(2): 139. CrossRef
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Radiation therapy for abdominal lymph node metastasis from hepatocellular carcinoma
Young Je Park, Do Hoon Lim, Seung Woon Paik, Kwang Cheol Koh, Joon Hyoek Lee, Moon Seok Choi, Byung Chul Yoo, Hee Rim Nam, Dong Ryul Oh, Won Park, Yong Chan Ahn, Seung Jae Huh
Journal of Gastroenterology.2006; 41(11): 1099. CrossRef

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Patterns of Failure and Prognostic Factors in Anal Cancer Treated with Radiotherapy: Kyoung Ju Kim, Jong Hoon Kim, Eun Kyung Choi, Seung Do Ahn, Sang Wook Lee, Jin Cheon Kim, Chang Sik Yu, Hee Cheol Kim, Je Hwan Lee, Tae Won Kim; Cancer Res Treat. 2003;35(2):141-147. Published online April 30, 2003; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2003.35.2.141

Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
To analyze the patterns of failure and prognostic factors affecting the local control and survivals in anal cancer treated with definitive radiotherapy, and to find the most effective treatment modality. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty consecutive patients, with primary cancers of the anal canal, were treated using radiotherapy, both with and without 5-FU based concurrent chemotherapy. According to the AJCC tumor stage, six patients hadwere stage I, 11 had stage II, 2 had stage IIIA, and 11 had stage IIIB tumors. The median radiation dose was 45 Gy (30-72 Gy), and with 23 patients receivinged concurrent chemotherapy (5-FU and mitomycin C in 12 patients, 5-FU and cisplatin in 7, and other drugs in 4). The Mmedian follow up period was 43 months, (ranginge, from 8- to 99 months). RESULTS: Among the 1630 patients who16 were treated without surgical resection beforeprior to the radiotherapy, and a complete remission was observed in 12 patients (75%), a partial remission in 3 (19%), and a local progression in the other one patient. The Llocal failures, including persistent disease, were observed in 10 (33%), and the patients with higher T-stages (T3-4) had higher rates of local failure rates (T1-2, 21% vs. T3-4, 72%, p=0.03). Distant metastases were found in 4 patients (13%). The five year survival and disease free survival rates were 64% and 53%, respectively. The factors which affectinged the 5 year local relapse free survival were T-stage (74.9% in T1-2 vs. 28.6% in T3-4, p=0.01), and the existence of a gross tumor beforeprior to radiotherapy (84.6%, no residual vs. 45.1% with residual, p=0.03).
CONCLUSION
A Llocal recurrence was the major failure pattern in anal cancers, and the factors affecting a local failure were the T-stage and tumor volume beforeprior to radiotherapy. A Rradiation dose around 45 Gy was sufficient to control tumors of the earlier T stage tumors, but a higher dose should be considered for with more advanced lesions.

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Ependymoma: a Retrospective Analysis of 25 Cases: Young Seok Kim, Seung Do Ahn, Eun Kyung Choi, Jong Hoon Kim, Sang Wook Lee, Young Ju Noh, Chang Jin Kim, Jeong Hoon Kim, Byung Duk Kwun; Cancer Res Treat. 2002;34(6):450-456. Published online December 31, 2002; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2002.34.6.450

Abstract PDF

PURPOSE
We evaluated the patterns of failure, survival rate, prognostic factors and treatment related complication in postoperative radiation treatment of patients with ependymoma.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
We retrospectively analyzed 25 patients with histologically confirmed ependymoma treated between Jun. 1990 and Jun. 2001 with postoperative radiotherapy at Asan Medical Center. The study group comprised of 16 men and 9 women, with a median age of 23 years; including 6 supratentorial, 15 infratentorial and 4 spinal cord lesions. The extents of resection were ranked as either: gross total, near total, subtotal, partial resection or biopsy, with these types of surgical resection being performed in 13, 3, 6, 1 and 2 patients, respectively. Twelve of the patients had low grade ependymoma, and the other 13 a high grade tumor. The postoperative irradiation was administered using 4 MV or 6 MV photons, up to median dose of 55.0 Gy (range, 45.0~59.4 Gy), with the radiation field encompassing the preoperative tumor volume plus a 2 cm margin. Only 8 of the patients received either pre- or postoperative chemotherapy. The median follow-up period of survivors was 43 months.
RESULTS
Ten of the 25 patients (40%) developed a recurrence, and 5 died. Of the 10 recurred patients, 6 showed an in-field recurrence, and one developed both an in-field and an out of field recurrence. The remaining 3 patients showed an out of field recurrence, including one case with a leptomeningeal recurrence. The 5-year overall survival, and progression-free, survival rates were 74.0 and 56.1%, respectively. The histological grades were statistically significant prognostic factors of the overall and progression-free survival rates. There were no significant treatment related complications, with the exception of one case of panhypopituitarism, which occurred 30 months after completion of the radiotherapy.
CONCLUSION
The main pattern of recurrence was due to local failure. In order to improve the local control, and to reduce complications, advanced radiation treatment techniques, such as 3 dimensional radiotherapy, may be needed.

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Clinical outcomes of radiotherapy for spinal cord ependymoma with adverse prognostic features: a single-center study
Hwa Kyung Byun, Seong Yi, Hong In Yoon, Se Hoon Kim, Jaeho Cho, Chang-Ok Suh
Journal of Neuro-Oncology.2018; 140(3): 649. CrossRef

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Concurrent Etoposide/Cisplatin Combination Chemotherapy (EP) and Thoracic Radiotherapy after Two Cycles of EP for Limited Stage Small Cell Lung Cancer: Hee Jung Sohn, Sang We Kim, Jin Hee Ahn, Hye Jin Kang, Sarah Park, Heon Nyoung Jung, Cheol Won Suh, Woo Kun Kim, Sang Wook Lee, Eun Kyung Choi, Sang Do Lee, Woo Sung Kim, Dong Sun Kim, Won Dong Kim, Jung Shin Lee; Cancer Res Treat. 2002;34(6):409-415. Published online December 31, 2002; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2002.34.6.409

Abstract PDF

Purpose
s: Although the standard management of limited stage small cell lung cancer is concurrent platinum-based chemotherapy with thoracic radiotherapy (TRT), the optimal timing of the TRT remains controversial. We investigated the feasibility of concurrent chemoradiation for the patients with limited stage small cell lung cancer after 2 cycles of combination chemotherapy with Etoposide/Cisplatin (EP).
MATERIALS AND METHODS
EP consisted of Etoposide 100 mg/m2 on day 1 to 3 and Cisplatin 70 mg/m2 on day 1. Six cycles were given to the responders every 4 weeks. Total 55 Gy (1.8 Gy once-daily or 1.2 Gy twice-daily, 5 days per week) of TRT were given to the patients who showed at least a partial response after 2 cycles of EP. The other patients were treated by the physician's decision. The patients with complete remission were recommended to receive prophylactic cranial irradiation.
RESULTS
Fifty patients were enrolled. Thirty-five (70%) of them showed responses (2 complete remissions and 33 partial remissions) after 2 cycles of EP. Thirty-three of the responders were given TRT starting with the 3rd cycle of EP. The nonresponders were treated with salvage chemotherapy and TRT. After completion of treatment for 50 patients, the overall response rate was 86% (29 complete remissions, 14 partial remissions). One patient (2%) showed stable disease, and 6 (12%) showed a progressive disease. The median progression free survival was 326 days and the median survival time was 410 days. One-, 2-, 3-, 4- and 5-year survival rates were 62%, 24%, 14%, 9% and 6%, respectively. As hematologic toxicities during chemoradiation, 35.1% with grade III/IV neutropenia and 18.9% with grade III/IV thrombocytopenia were noted. Grade II/III radiation pneumonitis and radiation esophagitis were noted in 5/1 and 13/1 patients (15.2%/ 3.0% and 39.4%/3.0%), respectively. One patient died of septicemia during chemoradiation.
CONCLUSION
The concurrent EP and TRT after 2 cycles of EP was feasible in limited stage small cell lung cancer. Further study is required for the indentification of optimum timing of TRT during combination chemotherapy.

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Effect of early chemoradiotherapy in patients with limited stage small cell lung cancer
In-Bong Ha, Bae-Kwon Jeong, Hojin Jeong, Hoon-Sik Choi, Gyu-Young Chai, Myoung-Hee Kang, Hoon Gu Kim, Gyeong-Won Lee, Jae-Beom Na, Ki-Mun Kang
Radiation Oncology Journal.2013; 31(4): 185. CrossRef

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Preliminary Results of Paclitaxel, Cisplatin and Concurrent High-Dose Radiation Therapy for Locally Advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: Sang wook Lee, Eun Kyung Choi, Suk Joong Oh, Cheol Won Suh, Sang We Kim, Jung Shin Lee, Dong Soon Kim, Won Dong Kim, Woo Seong Kim, Sang Do Lee, Jong Hoon Kim, Seung Do Ahn, Kyoung Ju Kim, Young Ju Noh; Cancer Res Treat. 2002;34(5):345-351. Published online October 31, 2002; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2002.34.5.345

Abstract PDF

PURPOSE
To investigate the feasibility, toxicity and response rate, of concurrent chemoradiation therapy with paclitaxel/cisplatin in stage III locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Between May 1999 and December 2000, 80 patients with stage III NSCLC were enrolled in a prospective protocol. Radiotherapy was given to a total dose of 70.2 Gy (daily fraction of 1.8 Gy for 5 days), over an 8 week period, on the gross tumor volume, combined with chemotherapy. The concurrent chemotherapy consisted of paclitaxel (40 mg/m2) and 20 mg/m2 cisplatin per week for 8 consecutive weeks. All patients received 3-D conformal radiotherapy using CT-simulated planning. Acute toxicities were evaluated by the RTOG scale. The median follow-up period was 16 months, ranging from 3 to 29 months.
RESULTS
Of the 80 patients, 71 received treatment per protocol, with minor variation of protocol delivery. The median age of the patients was 60 years. Karnofsky Performance status were 100 and 90 in 62 patients, and 80 and 70 in 9, respectively. Weight loss of less than 5% for 6 months was observed in 22 patients. The response to treatment was evaluated from the radiological findings. Complete and partial responses were observed in 8 and 51 patients, respectively. Ultimately, 82% of patients (included complete responses: 8 cases) obtained more than a partial response. Although, radiation induced esophagitis was the most common treatment related toxicity, occurring in 44 patients (69%), severe radiation esophagitis like, grade 3, was observed in only 3 patients, and the most acute toxicities had completely recovered 1 month following treatment. The overall 2-year actuarial and progression free survivals were 56 and 45%, respectively.
CONCLUSION
This combined modality has activity with manageable toxicity and 23 months in mean survival time in patients with stage III NSCLC. A longer follow up will be required to realise the expected higher survival of these results.

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A Phase II Study of Weekly Paclitaxel, Cisplatin and Concurrent Radiation Therapy for Locally-Advanced Unresectable Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Early Closure due to Lack of Efficacy
Se Hoon Park, Mi Kyung Kim, Sun Young Kyung, Young-Hee Lim, Chang Hyeok An, Jeong Woong Park, Seong Hwan Jeong, Jae Woong Lee, Kyu Chan Lee, Eun Kyung Cho, Soo Mee Bang, Dong Bok Shin, Jae Hoon Lee
Cancer Research and Treatment.2004; 36(5): 293. CrossRef

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Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy in Locally Advanced Carcinoma of the Uterine Cervix Preliminary Results of Phases III Prospective Randomized Trial: Young Seok Kim, Eun Kyung Choi, Jong Hoon Kim, Seung Do Ahn, Sang Wook Lee, Jong Hyeok Kim, Yong Man Kim, Young Tak Kim, Jung Eun Mok, Joo Hyun Nam; Cancer Res Treat. 2002;34(3):191-197. Published online June 30, 2002; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2002.34.3.191

Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
A prospective, randomized phase III, clinical trial was performed to assess treatment related acute toxicity, early response and survival difference, between a monthly 5-FU cisplatin, and a weekly cisplatin group alone, for concurrent chemoradiotherapy in the locally advanced uterine cervical carcinoma patients. MATERIALS AND METGODS: Between March 1998 and March 2000, 35 patients, with locally advanced (FIGO stage IIB to IVA) cervical carcinoma, were studied, but 5 patients were excluded inform the analysis due to their refusal of treatment. The patients were randomly assigned to 'monthly 5-FU cisplatin' (arm I), or 'weekly cisplatin' (arm II), groups. The patients of arm I received 5-FU cisplatin (5-FU 1,000 mg/m2/day cisplatin 20 mg/m2/day, IV continuous infusion, for 5 days, 3 cycles with 4-week intervals) with radiation therapy. Those of arm II received only cisplatin (cisplatin 30 mg/m2/day, IV bolus, 6 cycles with 1-week intervals) with radiation therapy. The radiation therapy consisted of external beam irradiation of 41.4~50.4 Gy/23~28 fractions, and high dose rate intracavitary treatments, delivering a dose of 30~35 Gy to point A in 6~7 fractions. During intracavitary radiation, a parametrial boost was delivered for a point B dose of 60 Gy in the non-thickened side, and 65 Gy in the thickened side. Treatment related acute toxicities were assessed using Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) acute morbidity scoring criteria. The response to treatment, and survival, were analyzed. The median follow-up period was 19 months.
RESULTS
The FIGO stage distributions of arm I (n=16) and arm II (n=14) were as follows; IIB 10, IIIA 1, IIIB 4, IVA 1 in arm I, 12, 0, 1 and 1 in arm II respectively. The compliance of both arms were 80.0% and 93.3%, respectively (p=0.37). During radiation therapy, the incidences of leukopenia, greater than RTOG grade 2, were 25.0%, 14.3%, respectively. There were no patients with gastrointestinal or genitourinary toxicity greater than RTOG grade 2. The complete response rates at 3 months, following radiation therapy, were 87.5% and 92.9% respectively. Two-year disease free survival rates were 81.3%, 85.7%, respectively, for each arms.
CONCLUSION
There was no significant difference in response to treatment, or patterns of failure, between the monthly FP and weekly cisplatin arms. Although there were no statistically significant differences, the patients of the weekly cisplatin arm had better compliance. More patients, and a longer follow up, are needed for improved evaluation of the regimen.

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Treatment Results of Postoperative Radiation Therapy for Malignant and Atypical Meningioma: Sang Min Yoon, Seung Do Ahn, Hyesook Chang, Eun Kyung Choi, Jong Hun Kim, Sang wook Lee, Chang Jin Kim, Jung Hun Kim, Byung Deuk Kwon; Cancer Res Treat. 2002;34(2):139-144. Published online April 30, 2002; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2002.34.2.139

Abstract PDF

PURPOSE
We evaluated the survival rate, prognostic factors and patterns of failure in malignant and atypical meningiomas, and investigated the role of radiation therapy in the treatment of these tumors.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
We retrospectively reviewed nineteen patients treated at Asan Medical Center between Mar. 1994 and Jun. 2000 with histologically confirmed malignant or atypical meningiomas. The median patient age was 52 years. The extent of surgery prior to radiation was gross total resection in 13 and subtotal resection in 6. Eleven patients were referred for radiation immediately after diagnosis and the remainder after at least one recurrence. All patients received megavoltage radiation to a median dose of 55.8 Gy. The median follow-up period was 41 months.
RESULTS
Eleven patients (57.9%) showed no evidence of disease, five patients died of meningioma and three were alive with disease. The 5-year overall and relapse-free survivals were 75.9 and 50.6%, respectively. There were no statistically significant prognostic factors found to be associated with relapse-free survival by univariate or multivariate analysis. During the follow-up period, no significant treatment-related complications were detected.
CONCLUSION
The major patterns of failure were in-field recurrence. In order to reduce local failure, a higher radiation dose may be needed and a high precision therapy should be considered.

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Revisiting Adjuvant Radiotherapy After Gross Total Resection of World Health Organization Grade II Meningioma
Christopher S. Graffeo, Heather E. Leeper, Avital Perry, Joon H. Uhm, Daniel J. Lachance, Paul D. Brown, Daniel J. Ma, Jamie J. Van Gompel, Caterina Giannini, Derek R. Johnson, Aditya Raghunathan
World Neurosurgery.2017; 103: 655. CrossRef

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Conjunctival Lymphoma: Retrospective Analysis of the Treatment Result and Complications with Radiation Therapy: Kyoung Ju Kim, Seung Do Ahn, Eun Kyung Choi, Hyesook Chang, Jong Hoon Kim; Cancer Res Treat. 2002;34(1):58-61. Published online February 28, 2002; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2002.34.1.58

Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
In order to evaluate the response to radiation therapy and to analyze the patterns of failure, survival and complications, we performed a retrospective analysis of patients with conjunctival lymphoma.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
From November 1991 to March 1999, 11 patients were diagnosed as conjunctival lymphoma at Asan Medical Center. Five patients had bilateral involvements, and a total of 16 eyes received radiation therapy. Using 6 to 9 MeV electrons or 4 MV photon beams, all patients were treated with a single anterior field to total doses ranging from 30 Gy to 45 Gy delivered in 10 to 25 fractions. The median follow up period was 57 Months.
RESULTS
All patients achieved a complete response with radiation therapy. Two of 16 eyes that were treated (12.5%) developed local recurrence after radiation therapy, however they were salvaged with 30 Gy of reirradiation. The five-year local control was 88.9%. One out of 11 patients (9.9%) developed lung metastasis and received chest irradiation. At the last follow up, one had died of pneumonia and 10 patients were alive without disease evidence. The five-year overall survival rate was 77.8% and 5-year disease free survival was 77.8%. Cataract and dry eye occurred in one patient (9.9%) respectively.
CONCLUSION
Radiation therapy is a very effective and safe treatment modality for conjunctival lymphoma. The local control rate of radiotherapy was excellent and complications were acceptable. Radiation therapy is also an effective treatment modality for recurrent conjunctival lymphoma. It generally requires more than three months to achieve complete response following radiation therapy, thus we recommend evaluating the response to radiation therapy at three months after completion of treatment.

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Radioresponse of Hepatdegrees Celluar Carcinoma Treatment of Lymph Node Metastasis: Jong Hoon Kim, Eun Kyung Choi, Young Wha Chung, Young Sang Lee, Dong Jin Seo; J Korean Cancer Assoc. 2000;32(3):571-577.

Abstract PDF: No abstract available.

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