Cancer Research and Treatment

Original Articles

Prognostic Value and Staging Classification of Lymph Nodal Necrosis in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma after Intensity-Modulated Radiotherapy: Yanru Feng, Caineng Cao, Qiaoying Hu, Xiaozhong Chen; Cancer Res Treat. 2019;51(3):1222-1230. Published online December 27, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2018.595

Purpose
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the prognostic value of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)‒determined lymph nodal necrosis (LNN) in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and explore the feasibility of an N-classification system based on the 8th edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) system.
Materials and Methods
The MRI scans of 616 patients with newly diagnosed stage T1-4N1-3M0 NPC who were treated with definitive intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) were reviewed.
Results
Multivariate analysis showed that LNN was an independent negative prognostic predictor of distant metastasis free survival (hazard ratio, 1.634; 95% confidence interval, 1.023 to 2.609; p=0.040) and overall survival (hazard ratio, 2.154; 95% confidence interval, 1.282 to 3.620; p=0.004). Patients of classification N1 disease with LNN were reclassified as classification N2, and classification N2 disease with LNN as classification N3 in the proposed N-classification system. Correlation with death and distant failure was significant, and the total difference between N1 and N3 was wider with the proposed system.
Conclusion
MRI-determined LNN is an independent negative prognostic factor for NPC. The proposed N classification system is powerfully predictive.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

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Paranasal Sinus Invasion in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma after Intensity-Modulated Radiotherapy: Caineng Cao, Feng Jiang, Qifeng Jin, Ting Jin, Shuang Huang, Qiaoying Hu, Yuanyuan Chen, Yongfeng Piao, Yonghong Hua, Xinglai Feng, Xiaozhong Chen; Cancer Res Treat. 2019;51(1):73-79. Published online February 26, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2017.607

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Purpose
The aim of this study is to evaluate the prognostic significance of paranasal sinus invasion for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and its suitable position in the T classification.
Materials and Methods
The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of 695 patients with previously untreated, biopsy-proven, non-metastatic NPC that was treated with intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) were reviewed retrospectively.
Results
The incidence of paranasal sinus invasion was 39.4% (274 of 695 patients). Multivariate analysis showed that paranasal sinus invasion was an independent negative prognostic factor for local failure-free survival (LFFS) (p < 0.05). According to the eighth American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging system, 275 patients were classified as T3 classification. Of these, 78 patients (28.4%) developed paranasal sinus invasion (T3b) and 197 (71.6%) didn’t (T3a). The estimated 5-year LFFS and overall survival (OS) rates for the patients with T3b and T3a classification were 88.6% versus 95.0% (p=0.047), and 84.5% versus 93.3% (p=0.183), respectively. The estimated 5-year LFFS and OS rates for the patientswith T4 classificationwere 89.5% and 83.2%,whichwere similarwith the outcomes of patients with T3b classification.
Conclusion
MRI-determined paranasal sinus invasion is an independent prognostic factor of NPC treated by IMRT. Paranasal sinus invasion is recommended to classify as T4 classification in the 8th AJCC staging system for NPC.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Use of 18F‐FDG PET/MRI as an Initial Staging Procedure for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Caineng Cao, Yuting Fang, Bocheng Yu, Yuanfan Xu, Mengyun Qiang, Changjuan Tao, Shuang Huang, Xiaozhong Chen
Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging.2024; 59(3): 922. CrossRef
Extent of paranasal sinus involvement and its prognostic value in nasopharyngeal carcinoma: Proposed modification in the current UICC/AJCC staging system
Xiao-Yi Wang, Si-Yu Zhu, Wei-Jie WU, Hao-Jiang Li, Jiao Li, Xiao-Feng Lin, Li Li, Li-Zhi Liu
Radiotherapy and Oncology.2021; 160: 221. CrossRef
Prognostic Factors for Overall Survival in Nasopharyngeal Cancer and Implication for TNM Staging by UICC: A Systematic Review of the Literature
Chi Leung Chiang, Qiaojuan Guo, Wai Tong Ng, Shaojun Lin, Tiffany Sze Wai Ma, Zhiyuan Xu, Youping Xiao, Jishi Li, Tianzhu Lu, Horace Cheuk Wai Choi, Wenqi Chen, Eric Sze Chun Chau, Peter Ho Yin Luk, Shao Hui Huang, Brian O’Sullivan, Jianji Pan, Anne Wing
Frontiers in Oncology.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Locoregional Extension Patterns of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Detected by FDG PET/MR
Caineng Cao, Yuanfan Xu, Shuang Huang, Feng Jiang, Ting Jin, Qifeng Jin, Yonghong Hua, Qiaoying Hu, Xiaozhong Chen
Frontiers in Oncology.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Impact of Paranasal Sinus Invasion on Oncologic and Dosimetric Outcomes in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Following Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy—Implications for Risk Stratification and Planning Optimization
Xin Zhou, Xiayun He, Fen Xue, Xiaomin Ou, Chaosu Hu
Frontiers in Oncology.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
Prognostic Value and Staging Classification of Lymph Nodal Necrosis in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma after Intensity-Modulated Radiotherapy
Yanru Feng, Caineng Cao, Qiaoying Hu, Xiaozhong Chen
Cancer Research and Treatment.2019; 51(3): 1222. CrossRef
Paranasal sinus invasion suggested T4 classification of patients of nasopharyngeal carcinoma: A two‐center retrospective investigation
Liqing Wu, Shuiqing Zhuo, Weike Zeng, Shaobo Liang, Shunxin Wang, Chunyan Cui, Jian Zhou, Guangyin Ruan, Shuoyu Xu, Lifei Wang, Ling Huang, Lizhi Liu, Haojiang Li
Head & Neck.2019; 41(12): 4088. CrossRef

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Magnetic Resonance Imaging–Detected Intracranial Extension in the T4 Classification Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma with Intensity-Modulated Radiotherapy: Caineng Cao, Jingwei Luo, Li Gao, Junlin Yi, Xiaodong Huang, Suyan Li, Jianping Xiao, Zhong Zhang, Guozhen Xu; Cancer Res Treat. 2017;49(2):518-525. Published online August 24, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2016.299

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Purpose
This study was conducted is to identify the prognostic value and staging categories of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)–detected intracranial extension in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) with intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) to determine whether it is necessary to subclassify the T4 classification NPC.
Materials and Methods
A total of 335 nonmetastatic T4 classificationNPC patientswith MRI treated between March 2004 and June 2011 by radical IMRTwere included. The T4 classification patientswere subclassified into two grades (T4a, without intracranial extension vs. T4b, with intracranial extension) according to the site of invasion.
Results
The frequency of intracranial extensionwas 40.9% (137 of 335 patients). Multivariate analysis identified subclassification (T4a vs. T4b) as an independent prognostic factor for local failure-free survival (p=0.049; hazard ratio [HR], 0.498) and overall survival (p=0.004; HR, 0.572); however, it had no effect on regional failure-free survival or distant failure-free survival (p > 0.050).
Conclusion
For patients with T4 classification NPC, those with MRI-detected intracranial extension are more likely to experience local failure and death afterIMRT than patientswithout intracranial extension. According to the site of invasion, subclassification of T4 patients as T4a or T4b has prognostic value in NPC.

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