1Department of Urology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
2Department of Urology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
3Department of Urology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
4Department of Urology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
Copyright © 2024 by the Korean Cancer Association
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Ethical Statement
The requirement for patient informed consent was waived by the Institutional Review Board of Asan Medical Center (IRB No. 20220094).
Author Contributions
Conceived and designed the analysis: Jeong IG, Jeon SS.
Collected the data: Suh J, Jeong IG, Jeon HG, Jeong CW, Lee S, Jeon SS, Byun SS, Kwak C, Ahn H.
Contributed data or analysis tools: Suh J, Jeon HG, Jeong CW, Lee S, Jeon SS, Byun SS, Kwak C, Ahn H.
Performed the analysis: Suh J, Jeong IG.
Wrote the paper: Suh J, Jeong IG.
Conflicts of Interest
Conflict of interest relevant to this article was not reported.
Pathologic characteristic |
BCR-free survivala) |
CP-free survivalb) |
CSSb) |
||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
HR | 95% CI | p-value | HR | 95% CI | p-value | HR | 95% CI | p-value | |
PSA, continuous | 1.004 | 1.001-1.007 | 0.015 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Pathologic Gleason grade group, categorical (4-5 vs. 1-3) | 1.423 | 1.196-1.694 | < 0.001 | 1.703 | 1.232-2.355 | 0.001 | 2.457 | 1.274-4.741 | 0.007 |
Seminal vesicle involvement (bilateral vs. unilateral) | 1.197 | 1.001-1.432 | 0.049 | 1.459 | 1.057-2.015 | 0.022 | 1.970 | 1.038-3.741 | 0.038 |
Pathologic extracapsular extension (yes vs. no) | 1.400 | 1.156-1.695 | < 0.001 | 1.318 | 0.952-1.826 | 0.096 | - | - | - |
Pathologic node positivity (yes vs. no) | 1.186 | 0.949-1.483 | 0.134 | 1.384 | 0.972-1.972 | 0.072 | 2.143 | 1.193-3.849 | 0.011 |
Positive resection margin (yes vs. no) | 1.325 | 1.082-1.624 | 0.007 | 1.059 | 0.716-1.566 | 0.774 | 0.934 | 0.450-1.939 | 0.854 |
Pathologic tumor volume, continuous | 1.002 | 0.998-1.005 | 0.273 | 1.007 | 1.001-1.013 | 0.029 | 1.009 | 0.999-1.020 | 0.085 |
ADT, androgen deprivation therapy; BCR, biochemical recurrence; CI, confidence interval; CP, clinical progression; CSS, cancer-specific survival; HR, hazard ratio; PSA, prostate specific antigen; RTx, radiation therapy.
a) Adjusted by adjuvant ADT and adjuvant RTx,
b) Adjusted by adjuvant ADT, adjuvant RTx, salvage ADT and salvage RTx.
Variable | Unilateral SVI (n=391) | Bilateral SVI (n=378) | p-value |
---|---|---|---|
Clinical characteristic | |||
Age (yr) | 67.0 (62.0-70.0) | 67.0 (61.0-70.0) | 0.683 |
BMI before surgery (kg/m2) | 24.4 (22.2-26.3) | 24.5 (22.9-26.5) | 0.553 |
PSA before surgery (ng/mL) | 12.4 (7.6-24.1) | 16.2 (9.3-30.8) | 0.001 |
Prostate volume (mL) | 31.0 (25.0-43.0) | 32.2 (26.0-43.0) | 0.615 |
Clinical Gleason grade group | |||
1-3 (Gleason score 6-7) | 202 (51.9) | 174 (46.0) | 0.119 |
4-5 (Gleason score 8-10) | 187 (48.1) | 204 (54.0) | |
Clinical T category | |||
≤ 2 | 228 (58.5) | 153 (40.7) | < 0.001 |
≥ 3 | 162 (41.5) | 223 (59.3) | |
Clinical N positive | 23 (5.9) | 36 (9.5) | 0.078 |
Pathologic characteristic | |||
Pathologic Gleason grade group | |||
1-3 (Gleason score 6-7) | 212 (54.2) | 164 (43.4) | 0.003 |
4-5 (Gleason score 8-10) | 179 (45.8) | 214 (56.6) | |
Positive extracapsular extension | 220 (56.3) | 290 (76.7) | < 0.001 |
Percentage of pathologic tumor volume | 30.0 (15.0-50.0) | 50.0 (27.8-80.0) | < 0.001 |
Pathologic N positive | 36 (9.2) | 87 (23.0) | < 0.001 |
Resection margin involvement | 219 (56.0) | 283 (74.9) | < 0.001 |
Received adjuvant ADT | 45 (11.5) | 72 (19.0) | 0.005 |
Received adjuvant RT | 72 (18.4) | 92 (24.3) | 0.055 |
Received salvage ADT | 214 (54.7) | 246 (65.1) | 0.004 |
Received salvage RT | 111 (28.4) | 94 (24.9) | 0.307 |
Pathologic characteristic | BCR-free survival |
CP-free survival |
CSS |
||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
HR | 95% CI | p-value | HR | 95% CI | p-value | HR | 95% CI | p-value | |
PSA, continuous | 1.004 | 1.001-1.007 | 0.015 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Pathologic Gleason grade group, categorical (4-5 vs. 1-3) | 1.423 | 1.196-1.694 | < 0.001 | 1.703 | 1.232-2.355 | 0.001 | 2.457 | 1.274-4.741 | 0.007 |
Seminal vesicle involvement (bilateral vs. unilateral) | 1.197 | 1.001-1.432 | 0.049 | 1.459 | 1.057-2.015 | 0.022 | 1.970 | 1.038-3.741 | 0.038 |
Pathologic extracapsular extension (yes vs. no) | 1.400 | 1.156-1.695 | < 0.001 | 1.318 | 0.952-1.826 | 0.096 | - | - | - |
Pathologic node positivity (yes vs. no) | 1.186 | 0.949-1.483 | 0.134 | 1.384 | 0.972-1.972 | 0.072 | 2.143 | 1.193-3.849 | 0.011 |
Positive resection margin (yes vs. no) | 1.325 | 1.082-1.624 | 0.007 | 1.059 | 0.716-1.566 | 0.774 | 0.934 | 0.450-1.939 | 0.854 |
Pathologic tumor volume, continuous | 1.002 | 0.998-1.005 | 0.273 | 1.007 | 1.001-1.013 | 0.029 | 1.009 | 0.999-1.020 | 0.085 |
Values are presented as median (IQR) or number (%). ADT, androgen deprivation therapy; BMI, body mass index; IQR, interquartile range; PSA, prostate specific antigen; RT, radiation therapy; SVI, seminal vesicle invasion.
ADT, androgen deprivation therapy; BCR, biochemical recurrence; CI, confidence interval; CP, clinical progression; CSS, cancer-specific survival; HR, hazard ratio; PSA, prostate specific antigen; RTx, radiation therapy. Adjusted by adjuvant ADT and adjuvant RTx, Adjusted by adjuvant ADT, adjuvant RTx, salvage ADT and salvage RTx.