Cancer Research and Treatment

Original Articles

Genitourinary cancer

Single Early Intravesical Instillation of Epirubicin for Preventing Bladder Recurrence after Nephroureterectomy in Upper Urinary Tract Urothelial Carcinoma: Jong Hoon Lee, Chung Un Lee, Jae Hoon Chung, Wan Song, Minyong Kang, Hwang Gyun Jeon, Byong Chang Jeong, Seong Il Seo, Seong Soo Jeon, Hyun Hwan Sung; Cancer Res Treat. 2024;56(3):877-884. Published online January 17, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2023.1219

Purpose
We aimed to assess the effectiveness of early single intravesical administration of epirubicin in preventing intravesical recurrence after radical nephroureterectomy for upper tract urothelial carcinoma.
Materials and Methods
Patients with upper tract urothelial carcinoma who underwent radical nephroureterectomy between November 2018 and May 2022 were retrospectively reviewed. Intravesical epirubicin was administered within 48 hours if no evidence of leakage was observed. Epirubicin (50 mg) in 50 mL normal saline solution was introduced into the bladder via a catheter and maintained for 60 minutes. The severity of adverse events was graded using the Clavien-Dindo classification. We compared intravesical recurrence rate between the two groups. Multivariate analyses were performed to identify the independent predictors of bladder recurrence following radical nephroureterectomy.
Results
Epirubicin (n=55) and control (n=116) groups were included in the analysis. No grade 1 or higher bladder symptoms have been reported. A statistically significant difference in the intravesical recurrence rate was observed between the two groups (11.8% at 1 year in the epirubicin group vs. 28.4% at 1 year in the control group; log-rank p=0.039). In multivariate analysis, epirubicin instillation (hazard ratio [HR], 0.43; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.20 to 0.93; p=0.033) and adjuvant chemotherapy (HR, 0.29; 95% CI, 0.13 to 0.65; p=0.003) were independently predictive of a reduced incidence of bladder recurrence.
Conclusion
This retrospective review revealed that a single immediate intravesical instillation of epirubicin is safe and can reduce the incidence of intravesical recurrence after radical nephroureterectomy. However, further prospective trials are required to confirm these findings.

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The role of intravesical chemotherapy following nephroureterectomy in upper tract urothelial carcinoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Stefano Moretto, Andrea Piccolini, Andrea Gallioli, Roberto Contieri, Nicolomaria Buffi, Giovanni Lughezzani, Alberto Breda, Michael Baboudjian, Bas WG van Rhijn, Morgan Roupret, Alessandro Uleri, Benjamin Pradere
Urologic Oncology: Seminars and Original Investigations.2025; 43(3): 191.e1. CrossRef

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Current Trends in the Incidence and Survival Rate of Urological Cancers in Korea: Jae Young Joung, Jiwon Lim, Chang-Mo Oh, Kyu-Won Jung, Hyunsoon Cho, Sung Han Kim, Ho Kyung Seo, Weon Seo Park, Jinsoo Chung, Kang Hyun Lee, Young-Joo Won; Cancer Res Treat. 2017;49(3):607-615. Published online September 23, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2016.139

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Purpose
This descriptive study assessed the current trends in the incidence of urological cancers and patient survival in Korea.
Materials and Methods
In this nationwide retrospective observational study based on the data from the Korea National Cancer Incidence Database (KNCIDB), this study analyzed the age-standardized incidence rates (ASRs) and annual percentage changes (APCs) of kidney, bladder, prostate, testicular, and penile cancers as well as cancer of the renal pelvis and ureter between 1999 and 2012. The relative survival rates (RSRs) were calculated for urological cancer patients diagnosed between 1993 and 2012 from the KNCIDB data.
Results
Prostate cancer was diagnosed in 66,812 individuals followed by bladder (41,549) and kidney (36,836) cancers. The overall ASR (18.26 per 100,000) increased with age because of the higher ASRs of bladder and prostate cancers in the elderly. The ASR for kidney cancer was highest in the 40-59-year-old group, whereas testicular cancer occurred most frequently before the age of 40. The incidence of most urological cancers increased (overall APC, 6.39%; p < 0.001), except for penile (APC, –2.01%; p=0.05) and bladder (APC, –0.40%; p=0.25) cancers. The overall survival increased steadily (5-year RSR, 66.4% in 1993-1995 vs. 84.2% in 2008-2012; p < 0.001), particularly for prostate (by 34.10%) and kidney (by 16.30%) cancers, but not for renal pelvis and ureter cancers (–7.20%).
Conclusion
The most common urological cancer in Korea was prostate cancer followed by bladder and kidney cancers. The incidence of most urological cancers, except for penile and bladder cancers, increased. Survival also increased, particularly for prostate and kidney cancers.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Twenty-two-year incidence trend of urological cancers in the Republic of Korea: 1999–2020
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Investigative and Clinical Urology.2024; 65(1): 23. CrossRef
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Souhail Alouini
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2024; 21(7): 954. CrossRef
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Incidence and mortality projections for major cancers among Korean men until 2034, with a focus on prostate cancer
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MicroRNA Signatures in the Upper Urinary Tract Urothelial Carcinoma Scenario: Ready for the Game Changer?
Alessandra Cinque, Anna Capasso, Riccardo Vago, Matteo Floris, Michael W. Lee, Roberto Minnei, Francesco Trevisani
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Trends of First-Line Targeted Therapy in Korean Patients With Metastatic Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma: Sunitinib Versus Pazopanib, a Multicenter Study
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Mats De Jaeger, Lisa Goudman, Sam Eldabe, Robert Van Dongen, Ann De Smedt, Maarten Moens
Disability and Rehabilitation.2021; 43(15): 2157. CrossRef
Rapid recurrence of squamous cell carcinoma at a lymphocele after nephroureterectomy: A rare case report
Kosuke Ogawa, Yousuke Shimizu, Shoko Uketa, Noriaki Utsunomiya, Satsuki Asai, Misa Ishihara, Kimio Hashimoto, Sojun Kanamaru
IJU Case Reports.2021; 4(2): 118. CrossRef
Survival and Characteristics of Bladder Cancer: Analysis of the Malaysian National Cancer Registry
Mohd Nasrullah Nik Ab Kadir, Suhaily Mohd Hairon, Najib Majdi Yaacob, Azizah Ab Manan, Nabihah Ali
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2021; 18(10): 5237. CrossRef
The incidence and prevalence of upper tract urothelial carcinoma: a systematic review
Ahmed Soualhi, Elke Rammant, Gincy George, Beth Russell, Deborah Enting, Rajesh Nair, Mieke Van Hemelrijck, Cecilia Bosco
BMC Urology.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Impact of chemotherapy on subsequent generations
Biren V. Patel, James M. Hotaling
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Financial toxicity and its associations with health-related quality of life among urologic cancer patients in an upper middle-income country
Chuo Yew Ting, Guan Chou Teh, Kong Leong Yu, Haridah Alias, Hui Meng Tan, Li Ping Wong
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Time Trends for Prostate Cancer Incidence from 2003 to 2013 in South Korea: An Age-Period-Cohort Analysis
Hyun Young Lee, Do Kyoung Kim, Seung Whan Doo, Won Jae Yang, Yun Seob Song, Bora Lee, Jae Heon Kim
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Anesthetic considerations for urologic surgeries
Chang-Hoon Koo, Jung-Hee Ryu
Korean Journal of Anesthesiology.2020; 73(2): 92. CrossRef
Emergency room imaging in patients with genitourinary cancers: analysis of the spectrum of CT findings and their relation to patient outcomes
Sungmin Woo, Jad Bou Ayache, Peter Sawan, Julian Infantino, Natalie Gangai, Andreas Wibmer, Hedvig Hricak, Jeffrey S. Groeger, Hebert Alberto Vargas
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Detection of Incidental Prostate Cancer or Urothelial Carcinoma Extension in Urinary Bladder Cancer Patients by Using Multiparametric MRI: A Retrospective Study Using Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System Version 2.0
Sang Eun Yoon, Byung Chul Kang, Hyun-Hae Cho, Sanghui Park
Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology.2020; 81(3): 610. CrossRef
Health-Related Quality of Life, Perceived Social Support, and Depression in Disease-Free Survivors Who Underwent Curative Surgery Only for Prostate, Kidney and Bladder Cancer: Comparison among Survivors and with the General Population
Dong Wook Shin, Hyun Sik Park, Sang Hyub Lee, Seung Hyun Jeon, Seok Cho, Seok Ho Kang, Seung Chol Park, Jong Hyock Park, Jinsung Park
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Synchronous Bilateral RCC Is Associated With Poor Recurrence-Free Survival Compared With Unilateral RCC: A Single-Center Study With Propensity Score Matching Analysis
Jung Kwon Kim, Hakmin Lee, Jong Jin Oh, Sangchul Lee, Sung Kyu Hong, Sang Eun Lee, Seok-Soo Byun
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Efficacy of Combined Gemcitabine/Cisplatin Chemotherapy for Locally Advanced or Metastatic Urothelial Cancer: Kwan-Sik Bae, Kyu Il Ahn, Seung Hyun Jeon, Jung-Sik Huh, Sung-Goo Chang; Cancer Res Treat. 2006;38(2):78-83. Published online April 30, 2006; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2006.38.2.78

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Purpose

We wanted to determine and report on the outcome of combined gemcitabine/cisplatin chemotherapy for patients suffering with locally advanced or metastatic urothelial cancer.

Materials and Methods

Between July 1999 and December 2004, 43 selected patients were enrolled in this study. Group 1 (the adjuvant chemotherapy group) had undergone radical surgery with removal of evident tumor from the following primary sites: bladder (n=8), renal pelvis (n=7) and ureter (n=3). Group 2 (the salvage chemotherapy group) had undergone palliative surgery with a remnant tumor at the following primary sites; bladder (n=23) and renal pelvis (n=2). All the patients were given gemcitabine/ciplatin and they evaluated for the therapeutic effect and toxicity. The patients were initially treated with gemcitabine 1000 mg/m² intravenously for 30 minutes on days 1, 8 and 15 of a 28-day cycle, and cisplatin 70 mg/m² was administered intravenously on day 1 using prehydration measures.

Results

Group 1: The median follow-up period was 16.5 months. The mean age was 63 years (males: 15 cases, females: 3 cases), and eleven patients (61%) remained alive. The estimated median relapse-free survival period and 2-year survival rate were 24 months and 63%, respectively. Group 2: the median follow-up period was 20 months, the mean patient age was 63.8 years (males: 22 cases, females: 3 cases), and nine patients (36%) remained alive. The overall response and 2-year survival rates were 36% and 43%, respectively. Toxicities: Grade 3 toxicities developed in 14 cycles during the total 232 cycles. Grade 4 toxicity did not occur.

Conclusions

The results of this study confirm that adjuvant and salvage chemotherapy with using gemcitabine and cisplatin is tolerable and safe.

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Chemotherapy with gemcitabine, cisplatin, and docetaxel in the treatment for patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer: a multicenter phase II study of the Hellenic Oncology Research Group (HORG)
Ioannis Boukovinas, Nikolaos Androulakis, Nikolaos Kentepozidis, Aris Polyzos, Pavlos Papakotoulas, Nikolaos Ziras, Athanasios Kotsakis, Nikolaos Vardakis, Athanasios Karampeazis, Vassilis Markos, Athanasios Kostakopoulos, Constantine A. Constantinides, G
Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology.2012; 69(2): 351. CrossRef

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