Cancer Research and Treatment

Original Articles

Prognostic Value of Different Patterns of Squamous Cell Carcinoma Antigen Level for the Recurrent Cervical Cancer: Bae Kwon Jeong, Seung Jae Huh, Doo Ho Choi, Won Park, Duk Soo Bae, Byoung-Gie Kim; Cancer Res Treat. 2013;45(1):48-54. Published online March 31, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2013.45.1.48

PURPOSE
In some unusual cases, in patients with cervical cancer, an elevation of squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC-Ag) was not observed at diagnosis but was observed on recurrence, or vice versa. The objective of this study was to identify patient-, disease-, and treatment-related factors associated with this unusual level of SCC-Ag, and to determine whether SCC-Ag is a useful tumor marker in such patients.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Among 129 patients with recurrence, 14 who showed a normal SCC-Ag level at diagnosis but an elevated level at recurrence were classified as group I; 22 patients with an elevated SCC-Ag level at diagnosis but not at recurrence were classified as group II; and 76 patients with an elevated SCC-Ag level at both diagnosis and recurrence were classified as group III.
RESULTS
In univariate analysis, unusual SCC-Ag showed statistically significant relationships with pathology and biochemical response to treatment. However, in the multivariate analysis, none of the clinicopathologic factors showed a statistical relationship with unusual levels of SCC-Ag. The 5-year disease-free survival rates for groups I, II, and III were 7.1%, 9.1%, and 0% (p=0.418), and the 5-year overall survival rates were 34.3%, 58.4%, and 33.3% (p=0.142), respectively.
CONCLUSION
The value of SCC-Ag has been confirmed in all patients; thus, check of SCC-Ag level at follow-up should be considered. Although no statistically significant differences were observed among the groups, we conclude that patients with a high initial SCC-Ag and elevated SCC-Ag at relapse have poor prognosis due to high SCC-Ag level.

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Predictors of distant metastasis or local recurrent after radiotherapy in patients with cervical cancer
Chufan Wu, Xiaojuan Lv, Fangfang Wang, Qing Xu, Hanmei Lou, Xiaojing Zhang
BMC Cancer.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Utility of vaginal vault cytology in the local recurrence of cervical cancer
Kazuto Nakamura, Soichi Yamashita, Keiko Kigure, Toshio Nishimura, Ikuro Ito, Anri Azuma, Kohshiro Nakao, Ken Ando, Tatsuya Kanuma
BMC Women's Health.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Study on the preoperative value of serum SCC-Ag in predicting the stromal invasion of cervical squamous cell carcinoma
Lin Qin
Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology.2023; 149(11): 9167. CrossRef
Prognostic Effect of Primary Recurrence Patterns in Squamous Cervical Carcinoma After Radical Surgery
Zongkai Zhang, Long Jiang, Rui Bi, Xiaohua Wu, Guihao Ke, Jun Zhu
Frontiers in Oncology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Can serial evaluation of serum SCC-Ag-level predict tumor recurrence and patient survival in squamous-cell carcinoma of uterine cervix treated with definitive chemoradiotherapy? A multi-institutional analysis
Kyu Hye Choi, Mina Yu, Songmi Jeong, Jong Hoon Lee
International Journal of Clinical Oncology.2020; 25(7): 1405. CrossRef
Preoperative SCC-Ag as a predictive marker for the use of adjuvant chemotherapy in cervical squamous cell carcinoma with intermediate-risk factors
Hong-tao Guo, Xue-han Bi, Ting Lei, Xiao Lv, Guang Yao, Yao Chen, Chang Liu
BMC Cancer.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
Significance of elevated SCC-Ag level on tumor recurrence and patient survival in patients with squamous-cell carcinoma of uterine cervix following definitive chemoradiotherapy: a multi-institutional analysis
Kyu Hye Choi, Sea-Won Lee, Mina Yu, Songmi Jeong, Jeong Won Lee, Jong Hoon Lee
Journal of Gynecologic Oncology.2019;[Epub] CrossRef
Prognostic Role of Squamous Cell Carcinoma Antigen in Cervical Cancer: A Meta-analysis
Zhenhua Liu, Hongtai Shi
Disease Markers.2019; 2019: 1. CrossRef
The association between serum squamous cell carcinoma antigen and recurrence and survival of patients with cervical squamous cell carcinoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Chuenkamon Charakorn, Kunlawat Thadanipon, Sawarat Chaijindaratana, Sasivimol Rattanasiri, Pawin Numthavaj, Ammarin Thakkinstian
Gynecologic Oncology.2018; 150(1): 190. CrossRef
Squamous cell carcinoma antigen expression in tumor cells is associated with the chemosensitivity and survival of patients with cervical cancer receiving docetaxel-carboplatin-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy
Peng Chen, Liang Jiao, Dan-Bo Wang
Oncology Letters.2017; 13(3): 1235. CrossRef
C14ORF166 overexpression is associated with pelvic lymph node metastasis and poor prognosis in uterine cervical cancer
Weijing Zhang, Jianping Ou, Fangyong Lei, Teng Hou, Shu Wu, Chunhao Niu, Liqun Xu, Yanna Zhang
Tumor Biology.2016; 37(1): 369. CrossRef
The assessment of the prognostic value of tumor markers and cytokines as SCCAg, CYFRA 21.1, IL-6, VEGF and sTNF receptors in patients with squamous cell cervical cancer, particularly with early stage of the disease
Beata Kotowicz, Malgorzata Fuksiewicz, Joanna Jonska-Gmyrek, Mariusz Bidzinski, Maria Kowalska
Tumor Biology.2016; 37(1): 1271. CrossRef
The Value of Diffusion-Weighted Imaging in Predicting the Prognosis of Stage IB-IIA Cervical Squamous Cell Carcinoma After Radical Hysterectomy
Guoxing Zhou, Xiao Chen, Fei Tang, Jie Zhou, Yibin Wang, Zhongqiu Wang
International Journal of Gynecological Cancer.2016; 26(2): 361. CrossRef
Relationship of 18F-Fdg Pet/Ct Metabolic, Clinical and Pathological Characteristics of Primary Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Cervix
Weina Xu, Shupeng Yu, Jun Xin, Qiyong Guo
Journal of Investigative Medicine.2016; 64(8): 1246. CrossRef
Ultrasensitive nonenzymatic immunosensor based on bimetallic gold–silver nanoclusters synthesized by simple mortar grinding route
Xiaoyue Zhang, Feng Li, Qin Wei, Bin Du, Dan Wu, He Li
Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical.2014; 194: 64. CrossRef
Detection of cervical cancer recurrence during follow-up: A multivariable comparison of 9 frequently investigated serum biomarkers
Jacob P. Hoogendam, Afra Zaal, Emma G.G.M. Rutten, Cobi J. Heijnen, Gemma G. Kenter, Wouter B. Veldhuis, René H.M. Verheijen, Ronald P. Zweemer
Gynecologic Oncology.2013; 131(3): 655. CrossRef

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actate Dehydrogenase (LDH) as a Tumor Marker for Non-small Cell Lung Cancer: Young Jin Yuh, Sung Rok Kim; Cancer Res Treat. 2002;34(5):339-344. Published online October 31, 2002; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2002.34.5.339

Abstract PDF

PURPOSE
To determine the prognostic value of pre- treatment serum LDH levels and the LDH isoenzyme pattern for non-small cell lung cancer, and to determine the relationship between the response to chemotherapy and the changes in serum LDH levels following chemotherapy MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients with pathologically confirmed non-small cell lung cancer were entered onto this study. Their serum LDH levels were assessed prior to chemotherapy, with the LDH isoenzyme being assessed in patients with high initial serum LDH levels. The serum LDH levels were re-assessed following 2 cycles of chemotherapy. The relationship between the response to chemotherapy, pre-treatment serum LDH levels and LDH isoenzyme pattern and the changes in serum LDH levels, following chemotherapy, were evaluated.
RESULTS
49 patients were entered onto this study. The pre-treatment serum LDH levels were normal in 26 patients, and elevated in 23. The LDH isoenzyme was evaluated in 15 patients, with LDH2 being elevated the most frequently. The response rate to chemotherapy was 42.9% in all 42 patients able to be evaluated, 45.8% in patients with normal serum LDH levels and 41.2% in patients with elevated serum LDH levels. This difference was not statistically significant (p=0.767). The median survival was 37 weeks in all patients able to be evaluated, 38 weeks in those with normal serum LDH levels and 31 weeks in those with elevated serum LDH levels. These differences were not statistically significant (p=0.202). The patients with normal serum LDH levels following chemotherapy were more responsive to chemotherapy than those with elevated serum LDH levels following chemotherapy (response rate 51.4% vs. 0%, p=0.027).
CONCLUSION
The LDH2 are most commonly elevated in non small cell lung cancer patients. The pre-treatment serum LDH levels do not reflect the prognosis accurately. The serum LDH levels following chemotherapy are associated with the response to chemotherapy.

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Nomogram combining clinical and radiological characteristics for predicting the malignant probability of solitary pulmonary nodules measuring ≤ 2 cm
Mengchao Xue, Rongyang Li, Kun Wang, Wen Liu, Junjie Liu, Zhenyi Li, Zheng Ma, Huiying Zhang, Hui Tian, Yu Tian
Frontiers in Oncology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Serum lactate dehydrogenase activities as systems biomarkers for 48 types of human diseases
Yuling Wu, Caixia Lu, Nana Pan, Meng Zhang, Yi An, Mengyuan Xu, Lijuan Zhang, Yachong Guo, Lijuan Tan
Scientific Reports.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Nedaplatin as a Single-Agent Chemotherapy May Support Palliative Therapy for Patients with Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma: A Case Report
Hiroyuki Hirakawa, Takayoshi Kiba, Yuko Saito, Yoshiteru Watanabe, Takahiro Suzuki, Nobuo Ota
Case Reports in Oncology.2017; 10(2): 783. CrossRef
Tumor Lysis Syndrome Induced by Radiotherapy in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Dong-Hyo Noh, Ki-Eun Hwang, Jeong-Hyun Shin, Dong Kim, Kyung-Hwa Cho, Keum-Ha Choi, Seong-Hoon Park, Eun-Taik Jeong, Hak-Ryul Kim
Journal of Lung Cancer.2010; 9(2): 106. CrossRef

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Diagnostic Value of Tumor Markers in Stomach Cancer: Jeong Hwan Yook, Byung Sik Kim, Yong Ho Kim, Byung Sun Suh, Wan Soo Kim, Sung Tae Oh, Kun Chun Park; J Korean Cancer Assoc. 1999;31(6):1094-1100.

Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
CEA, CA19-9, and CA72-4 are the most commonly used tumor markers in stomach cancer. This clinical study was performed to evaluate the diagnostic value of these tumor markers in stomach cancer patients.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A retrospective analysis of 170 stomach cancer patients who had undergone curative gastrectomy between January 1991 and December 1996 at the Department of Surgery was performed. The preoperative and postoperative serum levels of these tumor markers were measured in 170 patients.
RESULTS
The preoperative positive cases were 28 cases (16%) in CEA, 15 (9%) in CA19-9, and 24 (14%) in CA72-4. The postoperative positive cases among 48 recurrences were 21 cases (44%) in CEA, 10 (21%) in CA19-9, and 10 (21%) in CA72-4. The combination of CEA with CA19-9 or CA72-4 had higher positivity rate (58%) than single tumor marker. The highest positivity rate was found in CEA at recurrences of anastomotic site, in CA19-9 at recurrences of lymph node, in CA72-4 at peritoneal seeding and distant metastasis. In multivariate analysis, these tumor markers were not independent prognostic factors.
CONCLUSION
CEA, CA19-9, and CA72-4 have proved unhelpful in initial diagnosis of stomach cancer because of their low positivity rate. And the combination of 3 tumor markers was the useful method for raising positivity rate in diagnosis of recurrences.

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Development of a New Nonoclonal Antibody CC5 Using a Cervical Carcinoma Cell-line Derived From Korean Woman: Jin Woo Kim, Chun Ok Seo, Eun Young Cho, Heung Kee Kim, Sa Jin Kim, Soo Young Hur, Young Wook Kim, Tae Chul Park, Joon Mo Lee, Sung Eun Namkoong; J Korean Cancer Assoc. 1999;31(3):562-574.

Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
Cancer of the uterine cervix remains the leading cause of cancer death in Korean women. Conventional examinations still have limitations with regards to sensitivity and specificity in diagnosis and to monitoring of the disease. Thus, an additional specific tumor marker is needed for early detection of recunence of uterine cervical carcinoma and for estimation of prognosis.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Monoclonal antibodies against human cervical carcinoma were generated using hybridoma technology. These tnurine monoclonal antibodies were produced by fusion of spleen cells obtained from mice immunized with CUMC-6, a human cell line of squamous cell carcinoma derived from uterine cervix, and P3-X63-Ag8 mouse myeloma cells.
RESULTS
We obtained 415 hybridomas secreting specific monoclonal antibodies to cervical carcinoma antigen continuously. Among them, one hybridoma designated CCS that was highly reactive with cervical carcinoma was selected and examined on. the staining pattern and the reactivity with antigenic detenninants of cervical carcinoma. Immunohistochemical staining revealed that CCS monoclonal antibody reacted with all of the seven cervical carcinoma tissues, but also reacted with one of the ten (10%) normal cervical tissues. Westem blot analysis showed that CC5 monoclonal antibody detected single 19.5-kDa protein band in cervical cancer patient's sera. The detection rate was 88% (7/8). However, the antibody did not show any reactivity to 15 sera of normal healthy women tested. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic (SDS-PAGE) analysis of CCS monoclonal antibody immunoprecipitates of extracts of L-[S] methionine-labeled human cer vical carcinoma cells showed a major band in apparent molecular weight of 51,000 daltons. The isotype and subclass of CC5 monoclonal antibody was IgG2b in hemagglutination assay.
CONCLUSIONS
We have developed a new monoclonal antibody, CC5, against squamous cell carcinoma of the human uterine cervix. Further investigation is needed to establish this monoclonal antibody as an immunodiagnostic devise for cervical cancer.

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Plasma TGF-beta1 as a Tumor Marker in Breast Cancer Patients: Hwa Young Lee, Sun Young Rah, Soo Jung Gong, Joong Bae Ahn, Kwang Yong Shim, Joon Oh Park, Hyun Ja Kwon, Nae Choon Yoo, Sook Jung Jeong, Hyun Cheol Chung, Joo Hang Kim, Kyong Sik Lee, Jin Sik Min, Byung Soo Kim, Jae Kyung Roh; J Korean Cancer Assoc. 1998;30(5):935-942.

Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
Transforming Growth Factor-beta1(TGF-beta1) is the most potent inhibitor of the progression of normal mammary epithelial cells through the cell cycle. However, advanced breast cancers are mostly refractory to TGF-beta mediated growth inhibition and produce large amounts of TGF-beta, which may enhance tumor cell invasion and metastasis by its effects on extracellular matrix. Yet, little is known about the association of TGF-beta1 with progression of malignant disease in vivo. In this study, we evaluated the preoperative and postoperative plama level of TGF- in breast cancer and analyzed the utility of plasma TGF-beta1 as possible tumor marker.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
ELISA(enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) was used to measure plasma TGF-beta1 level in 45 newly diagnosed breast cancer patients and in 15 normal healthy people, and the results were compared with clinicopathologic characteristics.
RESULTS
The mean plasma TGF-beta1 levels were 1.73+/-0.47 ng/ml in normal people and 5.05+/-1.41 ng/ml in breast cancer patiens. In 37 operated patients, the preoperative plasma TGF-beta1 level was 6.34+/-1.34 ng/ml and decreased to 4.48+/-1.07 ng/ml in patients with follow-up after surgery and 4.74+/-0.79 ng/ml in patients with chemotherapy. However, there was no significant correlation between plasma TGF-beta1 level and known prognostic factors including tumor size, LN involvement, tumor grade, hormone receptor status, and pathology.
CONCLUSION
These findings suggest that the plasma TGF-g level can be a tumor marker in breast cancer patients and the association with progression of breast cancer will be explored in future studies.

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Urinary Nuclear Matrix Protein ( NMP 22 ) in the Detection of Transitional Cell Carcinoma of the Bladder: Soo Bang Ryu, Bong Ryoul Oh, Soon Pal Suh, Dong Deuk Kwon, Je Woong Ryu, Yang Il Park; J Korean Cancer Assoc. 1998;30(2):378-383.

Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
The detection of bladder cancers by noninvasive techniques remains an unsolved problem. We evaluate the availability of an immunoassay for urinary nuclear matrix protein, NMP 22, as an indicator for transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Three groups of subjects participated in this trial of NMP 22: 22 patients with transitional cell carcinoma (group 1), 12 patients with urinary tract infection (group 2) and 31 healthy volunteers (group 3). NMP 22 was determined by ELISA using a commercial test kit (NMP 22 Test Kit, Matritech Inc., USA), We compared urinary NMP 22 levels to the grade, stage, cytology and DNA flowcytometry of transitional cell carcinoma of bladder.
RESULTS
NMP 22 values in these 3 groups were significantly different (group 1, median 24.81 U/mL; group 2, median 8.41 U/mL; and group 3, median 5.12 U/mL; Mann-Whitney U test for differences between 3 medians, p < 0.05). The patients with transitional cell carcinoma had significantly greater urinary NMP 22 levels than those with no evidence of tumor (Mann-Whitney U test for differences between 2 medians, p<0.01). There was no zelationship between the urinary NMP 22 levels and tumor grade, stage, cytology or DNA flowcytometry.
CONCLUSIONS
It is possible that urinary NMP 22 could improve the detection of bladder transitional cell carcinoma.

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An Experimental Study on In Vitro Chemosensitivity Tests Using Human Cancer Cell Lines: Dae Hyun Yang, Jin Pok Kim; J Korean Cancer Assoc. 1989;21(2):376-406.

Abstract PDF: The more effective chemosensitivity tests should be developed as useful tools in cancer biology research, anticancer drug screening, individualized chemotherapy, and development of other cancer treatment modalities. For practical use of chemosensitivity tests enormous efforts are necessary to improve previous tests or to develop new ideal tests. In this study, the experiments to achieve more efficient experimental conditions such as proper plating cell numbers and reasonable anticancer drug exposure (concentration and timel in the clonogenic assay using 5 human cancer cell lines were performed, and the inhibitory effects of anticancer agents on in vitro tumor marker levels of 2 cancer cell lines were evaluated, and then the value of simple dye exclusion assay was reassessed. The human cancer cell lines used in this study were SC-I of colon cancer, PLC/PRF/5 of hepatoma. ZR-75-1 of breast cancer, G 361 and Bowes melanoma of malignant melanoma. The anticancer drugs used were 5 FU, methotrexate, mitomycin C, adriamycin, cisplatin and BCUN. The clonogenic assay of SC-1 was done at various plating cell numbers, and clonogenic assay as chemosensitivity test was performed at various drug concentrations with continuous or 1-hour exposures. Clonogenic assays of 5 human cancer cell lines were carried out at the drug concentrations of 1/10 peak plasma concentra- tion (PPC) and 1/100 PYC of continuous exposure, or 1/1(l PPC of I-hour exposure. The tumnor marker inhibition of SC-I and PLC/RRF/5 by anticancer drug was measured by radioimmunoassay on the third and the fifth incubation day, and the cell survival fraction by dye exclusion assay with trypan blue was calculated. In clonogenic assay of SC-I; the number of colrmies was increased with the increase of plating cell number, and the piating of: 5 x 10(4) cells/mi formed the sufficient number of colonies (over 500 per well) with reasonable coefficiency of variance. Other cell lines also formed sufficient number of colonies with the plating of 5 x 10(4) cells/mi. In clonogenic assay of SCI as chemosensitivity test; continuous exposures of 1/10 PPC and 1/100 PPC of anticancer drug and 1-hour exposure of 1/10 PPC showed valuable results which were able to differentiate more sensitive drugs from less sensitive drugs. In clonogenic assay of 5 cancer cell lines: continuous exposures of 1/10 and 1/100 PPC identified sensitive drugs more clearly than 1-hour exposure of 1/10 PPC. Most anticancer drugs of long in vitro half life revealed more sensitive activity than those of short half life in the clonogenic assay of continuos exposure. Among three kinds of in vitro chemosensitivity tests of continuous drug exposure, the clonogenic assay showed more sensitive data in anticancer activity than the tumor marker inhibition test and the dye exclusion assay. And the results of 3 tests were closely interrelated in many series of the experiment. Anticancer drugs of longer in vitro half life usually revealed more sensitive activity also in the tumor marker inhibition test and the dye exclusion assay of continuous exposure. In conclusion: in the experiments of in vitro chemasensitivity tests using human cancer cell lines, the proper plating numbers of the clonogenic assay were approximately 5x10(4) cells/ml, and the continuous drug exposures (1/10 PPC and 1/100 PPC) identified sensitive drugs more clearly than the 1-hour exposure (1/10 PPC), and the effects of the exposure time and especially the in vitro drug half life in media as well as the in vitro anticancer drug concentration were significant on the sensitivity data in the clonogenic assay and also in the tumor marker inhibition test and the dye exclusion assay, and the results of three tests were closely interrelated in many series of the experiment.

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A Study on the Value of Serum Phosphohexose Isomerase ( PHI ) as a Tumor Marker: Kek Ryong Lee, Sang Soon Kim; J Korean Cancer Assoc. 1994;26(4):582-591.

Abstract PDF: To evaluate the diagnostic validity of glycolytic enzyme phosphohexose isomerase(PHI) as a serum tumor marker, especially for the stomach cancer, authors prospectively checked the serum PHI in 97 malignant patients of gastrointestinal, hepato-biliary-pancreas and breast tu- mors prior to primary treatment for 16 months and analyzed them according to stage and com- pared with other tumor markers (CEA, AFP, CA19-9, CA50, CA15-3, TPA, serum Ferritin). To assess the specificity, serum PHI activities were measured in 21 patient' with inflammation and benign diseases and 10 ulcer patients. 26 control groups were all screened by CBC, LFT and RFT as well as serum PHI. The obtained results revealed that the elevated serum level of other tumor markers (CEA, AFP, CA19-9, CA50, serum Ferritin) in gastrointestinal cancer patients was lesser than 34%, but PHL was elevated in 53.Z% (P<0.05). Especially in stomach cancer, serum elevation of other tumor markers was lesser than l6%, but PHI was elevated about 46% (P<0.05). And these results showed no corelation strictly increased serum level according to stage. In breast cancer, the diagnostic sensitivity of PHI was low (14.3%). In conclusion, even though PHI revesled higher sensitivity in GI cancer diagnosis than any other tumor markers, PHI lacked the specificity compared with inflammation, benign and ulcer diseases snd did not reflect the radicality of gastric tumor. Nevertheless, it suggests that serum PHI can be used for the screening of stomach cancer, and diagnosis of recurrence as a tumor marker.

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The Significance of Serum CA 19-9 Level Change after Biliary Drainage Procedures in Pancreatic and Biliary Tract Cancer: Hyun Kag Kim, Chang Hee Lee, Baek Yeol Ryoo, Sook Hyang Jung, You Cheoul Kim, Chang Min Kim, Jhin Oh Lee, Taik Koo Yun, Young Soo Do, Byung Hee Lee; J Korean Cancer Assoc. 1995;27(6):929-936.

Abstract PDF: Although CA 19-9 has been widely used as a tumor marker for the diagnosis of pancreatobiliary cancers, the pattern of CA l9-9 level change after biliary drainage has not been well characterized. Because biliary drainage procedures are frequently employed for the temporary or palliative measures in biliary obstruction, the precise understanding on the change of CA 19-9 level after biliary drainage may be very helpful for the follow-up evaluation of those cases. We prospectively analyzed the serum CA 19-9 level before and after percutaeous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD) and biliary stent in patients with pancreatic, biliary tract cancer and common bile duct stone. Serum CA 19-9 level was initially measured by radioimmunoassay in 69 patients with be nign and malignant pancreatobiliary diseases. In 22 of 69 patients, PTBD and/or the insertion of biliary stent were performed and serial checks of CA 19-9 levels were followed. The elevation of serum CA 19-9 level was highly associated with pancreatobiliary cancers, especially in the cases with biliary obstruction, and in the CBD stones complicated with acute cholangitis. The serum CA 19-9 levels in most cases were significantly decreased by PTBD. There was the trend that the decrease after PTBD in biliary tract cancer was more prominent than that of pancreatic cancer. The elevation of serum CA 19-9 level was highly associated with the presence of biliary obstruction in pancreatobiliary cancers. Because the biliary drainage procedures significantly decrease serum CA 19-9 level, this can not be used for the marker of cancer pragression after biliary drainage procedures.

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