Cancer Research and Treatment

Original Articles

Endocrine cancer

Combination of Dabrafenib and Trametinib in Patients with Metastatic BRAF^V600E-Mutated Thyroid Cancer: Youngkyung Jeon, Sehhoon Park, Se-Hoon Lee, Tae Hyuk Kim, Sun Wook Kim, Myung-Ju Ahn, Hyun Ae Jung, Jae Hoon Chung; Cancer Res Treat. 2024;56(4):1270-1276. Published online March 6, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2023.1278

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Purpose
BRAF mutations are detected in 30%-80% of papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) cases. DaBRAFenib and trametinib showed promising antitumor activity in patients with BRAF^V600E-mutated metastatic melanoma and non–small cell lung cancer. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of daBRAFenib and trametinib in patients with metastatic BRAF^V600E-mutated thyroid cancer.
Materials and Methods
This was a retrospective study to evaluate the efficacy of daBRAFenib and trametinib in patients with metastatic BRAF^V600E-mutated PTC. The patients received daBRAFenib 150 mg twice daily and trametinib 2 mg once daily at the Samsung Medical Center. This study evaluated the progression-free survival (PFS), objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR) overall survival (OS), and safety of daBRAFenib and trametinib.
Results
Between December 2019 and January 2022, 27 PTC patients including eight patients with poorly differentiated or anaplastic transformation, received daBRAFenib and trametinib. The median age was 73.0 years, and the median follow-up period was 19.8 months. The majority (81.5%) had undergone thyroidectomy, while 8 patients had received prior systemic treatments. ORR was 73.1%, with 19 partial responses, and DCR was 92.3%. Median PFS was 21.7 months, and median OS was 21.7 months. Treatment-related adverse events included generalized weakness (29.6%), fever (25.9%), and gastrointestinal problems (22.2%). Dose reduction due to adverse events was required in 81.5% of the patients.
Conclusion
DaBRAFenib and trametinib demonstrated a high ORR with promising PFS; however, most patients with BRAF^V600E-mutated metastatic PTC required a dose reduction.

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Korean Thyroid Association Guidelines on the Management of Differentiated Thyroid Cancers; Part III. Management of Advanced Differentiated Thyroid Cancers - Chapter 4. Systemic Therapy for Progressive Radioiodine-Refractory Differentiated Thyroid Cancer 2
Dong Yeob Shin, Ho-Cheol Kang, Sun Wook Kim, Dong Gyu Na, Young Joo Park, Young Shin Song, Eun Kyung Lee, Dong-Jun Lim, Yun Jae Chung, Won Gu Kim
International Journal of Thyroidology.2024; 17(1): 168. CrossRef
Antineoplastic Effect of ALK Inhibitor Crizotinib in Primary Human Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer Cells with STRN–ALK Fusion In Vitro
Silvia Martina Ferrari, Francesca Ragusa, Giusy Elia, Valeria Mazzi, Eugenia Balestri, Chiara Botrini, Licia Rugani, Armando Patrizio, Simona Piaggi, Concettina La Motta, Salvatore Ulisse, Camilla Virili, Alessandro Antonelli, Poupak Fallahi
International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2024; 25(12): 6734. CrossRef
The Long Journey towards Personalized Targeted Therapy in Poorly Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma (PDTC): A Case Report and Systematic Review
Odysseas Violetis, Panagiota Konstantakou, Ariadni Spyroglou, Antonios Xydakis, Panagiotis B. Kekis, Sofia Tseleni, Denise Kolomodi, Manousos Konstadoulakis, George Mastorakos, Maria Theochari, Javier Aller, Krystallenia I. Alexandraki
Journal of Personalized Medicine.2024; 14(6): 654. CrossRef
Treatment of Unresectable BRAF V600E, TERT-Mutated Differentiated Papillary Thyroid Cancer With Dabrafenib and Trametinib
Neha Bapat, Tatiana Ferraro, Layal Esper, Arjun S Joshi, Faysal Haroun, Chelsey K Baldwin
JCEM Case Reports.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Trametinib

Reactions Weekly.2024; 2035(1): 467. CrossRef

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Endocrine Cancer

Association among Body Mass Index, Genetic Variants of FTO, and Thyroid Cancer Risk: A Hospital-Based Case-Control Study of the Cancer Screenee Cohort in Korea: Tung Hoang, Dayoung Song, Jeonghee Lee, Eun Kyung Lee, Yul Hwangbo, Jeongseon Kim; Cancer Res Treat. 2021;53(3):857-873. Published online December 7, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2020.720

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Purpose
Obesity has been determined to be associated with fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) gene and thyroid cancer risk. However, the effect of combined interactions between obesity and the FTO gene on thyroid cancer needs further investigation. This study aimed to examine whether interactions between body mass index (BMI) and the FTO gene are associated with an increased risk of thyroid cancer.
Materials and Methods
A total of 705 thyroid cancer cases and 705 sex- and age-matched normal controls were selected from the Cancer Screenee Cohort in National Cancer Center, Korea. A conditional logistic regression model was used to calculate the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the measure of associations and the combined effect of BMI and FTO gene on thyroid cancer.
Results
BMI was associated with an increased risk of thyroid cancer in subclasses of overweight (23-24.9 kg/m²; adjusted OR, 1.50; 95% CI, 1.12 to 2.00) and obese (≥ 25 kg/m²) (adjusted OR, 1.62; 95% CI, 1.23 to 2.14). There were positive associations between the FTO genetic variants rs8047395 and rs8044769 and an increased risk of thyroid cancer. Additionally, the combination of BMI subclasses and FTO gene variants was significantly associated with thyroid cancer risk in the codominant (rs17817288), dominant (rs9937053, rs12149832, rs1861867, and rs7195539), and recessive (rs17817288 and rs8044769) models.
Conclusion
Findings from this study identified the effects of BMI on thyroid cancer risk among individuals carrying rs17817288, rs9937053, rs12149832, rs1861867, rs7195539, and rs8044769, whereas the effects of BMI may be modified according to individual characteristics of other FTO variants.

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Exploring the Link between BMI and Aggressive Histopathological Subtypes in Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma—Insights from a Multicentre Retrospective Study
Giacomo Di Filippo, Gian Luigi Canu, Giovanni Lazzari, Dorin Serbusca, Eleonora Morelli, Paolo Brazzarola, Leonardo Rossi, Benard Gjeloshi, Mariangela Caradonna, George Kotsovolis, Ioannis Pliakos, Efthymios Poulios, Theodosios Papavramidis, Federico Capp
Cancers.2024; 16(7): 1429. CrossRef
Analysis of Body Mass Index and Clinicopathological Factors in Patients with Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma
Wei Yan, Xue Luo, Qing-Jun Gao, Bing-Feng Chen, Hui Ye
Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity.2024; Volume 17: 2013. CrossRef
Human adipose-derived stem cells promote migration of papillary thyroid cancer cell via leptin pathway
Bo-Tao Zhang, Ying Li, Qi-Lan Jiang, Rui Jiang, Yang Zeng, Jun Jiang
Annals of Medicine.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
The association of obesity with thyroid carcinoma risk
Xiao‐Ni Ma, Cheng‐Xu Ma, Li‐Jie Hou, Song‐Bo Fu
Cancer Medicine.2022; 11(4): 1136. CrossRef
Seaweed and Iodine Intakes and SLC5A5 rs77277498 in Relation to Thyroid Cancer
Tung Hoang, Eun Kyung Lee, Jeonghee Lee, Yul Hwangbo, Jeongseon Kim
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2022; 37(3): 513. CrossRef
Low-Level Environmental Mercury Exposure and Thyroid Cancer Risk Among Residents Living Near National Industrial Complexes in South Korea: A Population-Based Cohort Study
Seyoung Kim, Sang-Hwan Song, Chul-Woo Lee, Jung-Taek Kwon, Eun Young Park, Jin-Kyoung Oh, Hyun-Jin Kim, Eunjung Park, Byungmi Kim
Thyroid.2022; 32(9): 1118. CrossRef
Association between Obesity Indexes and Thyroid Cancer Risk in Korean Women: Nested Case–Control Study
Yoonyoung Jang, Taehwa Kim, Brian H. S. Kim, Boyoung Park
Cancers.2022; 14(19): 4712. CrossRef
FTO Gene Polymorphisms Contribute to the Predisposition and Radiotherapy Efficiency of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Feng Xiao, Jianrong Zhou
Pharmacogenomics and Personalized Medicine.2021; Volume 14: 1239. CrossRef

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Changes in the Diagnostic Efficiency of Thyroid Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy during the Era of Increased Thyroid Cancer Screening in Korea: Young Ki Lee, Kyeong Hye Park, Young Duk Song, Taemi Youk, Joo Young Nam, Sun Ok Song, Dong Yeob Shin, Eun Jig Lee; Cancer Res Treat. 2019;51(4):1430-1436. Published online February 26, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2018.534

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Purpose
The volume of thyroid cancer screening and subsequent thyroid fine-needle aspiration (FNA) have rapidly increased in South Korea. We analyzed the thyroid cancer diagnoses/thyroid FNA ratio according to the annual number of FNA to evaluate changes in the diagnostic efficiency of FNA.
Materials and Methods
This was a nationwide population-based retrospective cohort study. The overall thyroid cancer diagnoses/thyroid FNA ratio and annual incremental thyroid cancer diagnoses/incremental thyroid FNA ratio were indirectly calculated using data obtained from the Korea Central Cancer Registry database and the Korean National Health Insurance Service claims database from 2004 to 2012. Pearson correlation analyses were performed to evaluate the strength of linear associations between variables.
Results
The number of thyroid FNA increased from 28,596 to 177,805 (6.2-fold increase) from 2004 to 2012. The overall thyroid cancer diagnoses/thyroid FNA ratio decreased from 36.5% in 2004 to 25.1% in 2012 and was negatively correlated to the number of FNA (R=‒0.977, p < 0.001). The annual incremental thyroid cancer diagnoses/incremental thyroid FNA ratios (range, 15.3% to 30.7%) were always lower than the overall thyroid cancer diagnoses/thyroid FNA ratio in each year and also worsened according to the increase in the number of FNA (R=‒0.853, p=0.007).
Conclusion
The diagnostic performance of both overall and annual incremental thyroid FNA worsened, whereas the number of thyroid FNA procedures increased. More sophisticated indications for FNA are required to improve its diagnostic efficiency, considering the increased burden of screening-detected thyroid nodules.

Citations

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Hormonal and other methods of thyroid gland examination: A literature review
Larysa Soyka, Oksana Kovalchuk, Iryna Upatova
Bulletin Of Medical And Biological Research.2024; 6(2): 85. CrossRef
Machine-learning-based diagnosis of thyroid fine-needle aspiration biopsy synergistically by Papanicolaou staining and refractive index distribution
Young Ki Lee, Dongmin Ryu, Seungwoo Kim, Juyeon Park, Seog Yun Park, Donghun Ryu, Hayoung Lee, Sungbin Lim, Hyun-Seok Min, YongKeun Park, Eun Kyung Lee
Scientific Reports.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Thyroid surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic: difficulties – how to improve
Christos K. Stefanou, Georgios Papathanakos, Stefanos K. Stefanou, Kostas Tepelenis, Aikaterini Kitsouli, Alexandra Barbouti, Stefanos Flindris, Periklis Tsoumanis, Panagiotis Kanavaros, Panagiotis Kitsoulis
Innovative Surgical Sciences.2022; 7(3-4): 125. CrossRef
Comparison of thyroid fine needle aspiration cytology results before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: the impact of the pandemic
Süleyman ALTINTAŞ, Mehmet BAYRAK
Cukurova Medical Journal.2022; 47(4): 1471. CrossRef
Thyroid fine-needle aspiration trends before, during, and after the lockdown: what we have learned so far from the COVID-19 pandemic
Raffaele Palladino, Ilaria Migliatico, Roberta Sgariglia, Mariantonia Nacchio, Antonino Iaccarino, Umberto Malapelle, Elena Vigliar, Domenico Salvatore, Giancarlo Troncone, Claudio Bellevicine
Endocrine.2021; 71(1): 20. CrossRef
Decreasing trends in thyroid cancer incidence in South Korea: What happened in South Korea?
Chang‐Mo Oh, Jiwon Lim, Yuh Seog Jung, Yeol Kim, Kyu‐Won Jung, Seri Hong, Young‐Joo Won
Cancer Medicine.2021; 10(12): 4087. CrossRef
Endemik bölgede tiroid nodüllerinin sonografik özellikleri ve ince iğne aspirasyon biyopsi sonuçlarının değerlendirilmesi
Özlem DEMİRCİOĞLU
Journal of Health Sciences and Medicine.2020; 3(3): 336. CrossRef

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Development and Evaluation of a Korean Version of a Thyroid-Specific Quality-of-Life Questionnaire Scale in Thyroid Cancer Patients: Chang Hwan Ryu, Boram Park, Junsun Ryu, Youn Mi Ryu, Seong Ae Jo, You Jin Lee, Eun-Kyung Lee, Yul Hwangbo, Jungnam Joo, Yuh-Seog Jung; Cancer Res Treat. 2018;50(2):405-415. Published online May 26, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2017.012

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to develop a Korean version of the self-reported thyroid-specific quality of life (QoL) questionnaire for thyroid cancer patients (KT-QoL), and to evaluate its reliability and validity.
Materials and Methods
Two hundred seventy-two patients who underwent thyroidectomy from January to December 2010 were recruited in this study. The original version of the thyroid QoL was translated into Korean and evaluated for its reliability and validity. Using the developed KT-QoL, the postoperative QoL was evaluated until postoperative 1 year.
Results
At the preoperative baseline, the item internal consistency (IIC) ranged from ‒0.19 to 0.76, with low IIC values for items 2, 17, and 27. Item discriminant validity ranged from 86% to 97%. These values were similar at the postoperative periods. The internal consistency reliability (Cronbach’s α) was high for all dimensions, ranging from 0.90 to 0.95. The test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient) was acceptable (0.74-0.82). The external validity examined by the correlation between the item 1j (voice changes) of KT-QoL and the voice handicap index-30 ranged from 0.51 to 0.75. Patients’ QoL scores decreased after surgery, which demonstrated the sensitivity of the questionnaire. The QoL scores in patients with lobectomy showed best QoL scores postoperatively and those with receiving radioactive iodine still showed decreased QoL scores along the postoperative periods.
Conclusion
These results demonstrate that KT-QoL is a valid instrument for evaluating QoL of Korean patients with thyroid cancer.

Citations

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Health-Related Quality of Life in Patients with Low-Risk Differentiated Thyroid Cancer: A Systematic Review Examining the Extent of Thyroidectomy
Kathy Bach, Palvishey Ansari, Hamayail Ansari, Nicole M. Mott, Dawn M. Elfenbein, Hunter Underwood, Susan C. Pitt
Thyroid®.2024; 34(1): 14. CrossRef
Longitudinal Changes in Quality of Life Before and After Thyroidectomy in Patients With Differentiated Thyroid Cancer
Byung Hun Kim, Soo Rack Ryu, Jin Won Lee, Chang Myeon Song, Yong Bae Ji, Seok Hyun Cho, Seung Hwan Lee, Kyung Tae
The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism.2024; 109(6): 1505. CrossRef
Effect of thyroid-stimulating hormone suppression on quality of life in thyroid lobectomy patients: interim analysis of a multicenter, randomized controlled trial in low- to intermediate-risk thyroid cancer patients (MASTER study)
Ja Kyung Lee, Eu Jeong Ku, Su-jin Kim, Woochul Kim, Jae Won Cho, Kyong Yeun Jung, Hyeong Won Yu, Yea Eun Kang, Mijin Kim, Hee Kyung Kim, Junsun Ryu, June Young Choi
Annals of Surgical Treatment and Research.2024; 106(1): 19. CrossRef
Five-Year Follow-Up of Health-Related Quality of Life in Differentiated Thyroid Cancer Patients Treated with Total Thyroidectomy and Radioiodine in Sweden: A Nationwide Prospective Cohort Study
Julia Winter, Erland Axelsson, Linda Björkhem-Bergman, Catharina Ihre Lundgren, Christel Hedman
Thyroid®.2024; 34(6): 713. CrossRef
Assessment of preoperative health-related quality of life in patients undergoing thyroidectomy based on patient-reported outcomes
Lei Liu, Yuqing Xiang, Lujing Xiong, Chao Li, Wei Dai, Jinchuan Hu, Chunyan Shui, Yuqiu Zhou, Xu Wang, Linjie Ma, Nan Xu, Bintao Hu, Yongcong Cai
Frontiers in Psychology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
A Prospective Clinical Trial of Radiofrequency Ablation in Patients with Low-Risk Unifocal Papillary Thyroid Microcarcinoma Favoring Active Surveillance Over Surgery
Ji Ye Lee, Dong Gyu Na, Jung Suk Sim, Jin Yong Sung, Sun Wook Cho, Do Joon Park, Young Joo Park, Ji-hoon Kim
Thyroid®.2024; 34(9): 1126. CrossRef
Comparison of Patient-Reported Outcomes Between Active Surveillance and Immediate Lobectomy in Patients with Low-Risk Papillary Thyroid Microcarcinoma: Initial Findings from the KoMPASS Cohort
Min Joo Kim, Hojeong Won, Won Bae Kim, Eun Kyung Lee, Chang Yoon Lee, Sun Wook Cho, Han-Sang Baek, Yong Sang Lee, Yea Eun Kang, Sun Wook Kim, Ho-Cheol Kang, Jeongmin Lee, Mijin Kim, Min Ji Jeon, Jae Hoon Moon
Thyroid®.2024; 34(11): 1371. CrossRef
Optimizing surgical outcomes in papillary thyroid carcinoma with Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis: a retrospective comparative study of unilateral and total thyroidectomy
Xiaoyong Wen, Shiwei Zhou, Wu Li, Hui Li, Xiaohua Song, Yu Mao, Zeyu Li, Guangji Chen, Xiaowei Peng, Peng Wu
Scientific Reports.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Quality of life in thyroid cancer
Torquil Watt, Thea Christoffersen, Mathilde Borring Brogaard, Jakob Bue Bjorner, Jens Bentzen, Christoffer Holst Hahn, Birte Nygaard, Ulla Feldt-Rasmussen
Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism.2023; 37(1): 101732. CrossRef
Systematic review of health-related quality of life following thyroid cancer
Emma G Walshaw, Mike Smith, Dae Kim, Jonathan Wadsley, Anastasios Kanatas, Simon N. Rogers
Tumori Journal.2022; 108(4): 291. CrossRef
Factors affecting the health-promoting behavior of thyroid cancer survivors: comparison by stage of cancer survivorship
Kyung Ah Park, Sanghee Kim, Eui Geum Oh, Heejung Kim, Hang-Seok Chang, Soo Hyun Kim
Supportive Care in Cancer.2022; 30(4): 3429. CrossRef
Care and Management of Voice Change in Thyroid Surgery: Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics Clinical Practice Guideline
Chang Hwan Ryu, Seung Jin Lee, Jae-Gu Cho, Ik Joon Choi, Yoon Seok Choi, Yong Tae Hong, Soo Yeon Jung, Ji Won Kim, Doh Young Lee, Dong Kun Lee, GIljoon Lee, Sang Joon Lee, Young Chan Lee, Yong Sang Lee, Inn Chul Nam, Ki Nam Park, Young Min Park, Eui-Suk S
Clinical and Experimental Otorhinolaryngology.2022; 15(1): 24. CrossRef
Health-Related Quality of Life following Total Thyroidectomy and Lobectomy for Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma: A Systematic Review
Vivianne Landry, Elizabeth Siciliani, Melissa Henry, Richard J. Payne
Current Oncology.2022; 29(7): 4386. CrossRef
Effect of radioiodine therapy under thyroid hormone withdrawal on health-related quality of life in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer
Hui Ming, Hui Yu, Yangbao Liu, Lihua Yang, Yuanhao Chen
Japanese Journal of Clinical Oncology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Thyroid disease‐specific quality of life questionnaires ‐ A systematic review
Verena Uslar, Caroline Becker, Dirk Weyhe, Navid Tabriz
Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Effect of Initial Treatment Choice on 2-year Quality of Life in Patients with Low-risk Papillary Thyroid Microcarcinoma
Jae Hoon Moon, Chang Hwan Ryu, Sun Wook Cho, June Young Choi, Eun-Jae Chung, Jeong Hun Hah, Yul Hwangbo, Woo-Jin Jeong, Yuh-Seog Jung, Ji-hoon Kim, Min Joo Kim, Su-jin Kim, Yeo Koon Kim, Chang Yoon Lee, Eun Kyung Lee, Ji Ye Lee, Kyu Eun Lee, You Jin Lee,
The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism.2021; 106(3): 724. CrossRef
Singing voice range profile: New objective evaluation methods for voice change after thyroidectomy
Jungirl Seok, Youn Mi Ryu, Seong Ae Jo, Chang Yoon Lee, Yuh‐Seog Jung, Junsun Ryu, Chang Hwan Ryu
Clinical Otolaryngology.2021; 46(2): 332. CrossRef
A Propensity Score Matching Study Between Microwave Ablation and Radiofrequency Ablation in Terms of Safety and Efficacy for Benign Thyroid Nodules Treatment
Hao Jin, Jinrui Fan, Ligong Lu, Min Cui
Frontiers in Endocrinology.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Adaptation transculturelle en Français du questionnaire évaluant la qualité de vie des patients opérés d’un cancer de la thyroïde : THYCA-QoL
Boris Scheller, Joseph Santini, Amélie Anota, Gilles Poissonnet, Y. Chateau, Renaud Schiappa, Danielle Benisvy, Olivier Dassonville, Alexandre Bozec, Emmanuel Chamorey
Bulletin du Cancer.2021; 108(7-8): 696. CrossRef
A Phase II Multi-Center, Non-Randomized, Parallel Group, Non-Inferiority Study to Compare the Efficacy of No Radioactive Iodine Remnant Ablation to Remnant Ablation Treatment in Low- to Intermediate-Risk of Papillary Thyroid Cancer: The MOREthyroid Trial
Eun Kyung Lee, You Jin Lee, Young Joo Park, Jae Hoon Moon, Ka Hee Yi, Koon Soon Kim, Joo Hee Lee, Sun Wook Cho, Jungnam Joo, Yul Hwangbo, Sujeong Go, Do Joon Park
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2020; 35(3): 571. CrossRef
Evaluation of Quality of Life in Patients with Differentiated Thyroid Cancer by Means of the Thyroid-Specific Patient-Reported Outcome Questionnaire: A 5-Year Longitudinal Study
Massimo Giusti, Stefano Gay, Lucia Conte, Francesca Cecoli, Lorenzo Mortara, Lara Vera, Eleonora Monti
European Thyroid Journal.2020; 9(5): 247. CrossRef
Longitudinal Assessment of Quality of Life According to Treatment Options in Low-Risk Papillary Thyroid Microcarcinoma Patients: Active Surveillance or Immediate Surgery (Interim Analysis of MAeSTro)
Sung Hye Kong, Junsun Ryu, Min Joo Kim, Sun Wook Cho, Young Shin Song, Ka Hee Yi, Do Joon Park, Yul Hwangbo, You Jin Lee, Kyu Eun Lee, Su-jin Kim, Woo-Jin Jeong, Eun-Jae Chung, Jeong Hun Hah, June Young Choi, Chang Hwan Ryu, Yuh-Seog Jung, Jae Hoon Moon,
Thyroid.2019; 29(8): 1089. CrossRef
Study Protocol of Multicenter Prospective Cohort Study of Active Surveillance on Papillary Thyroid Microcarcinoma (MAeSTro)
Jae Hoon Moon, Ji-hoon Kim, Eun Kyung Lee, Kyu Eun Lee, Sung Hye Kong, Yeo Koon Kim, Woo-jin Jung, Chang Yoon Lee, Roh-Eul Yoo, Yul Hwangbo, Young Shin Song, Min Joo Kim, Sun Wook Cho, Su-jin Kim, Eun Jae Jung, June Young Choi, Chang Hwan Ryu, You Jin Lee
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2018; 33(2): 278. CrossRef

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Proteomic Biomarkers for Bisphenol A–Early Exposure and Women’s Thyroid Cancer: Ho-Sun Lee, Yunkyeong Kang, Kyung Tae, Gyu-Un Bae, Jong Y. Park, Yoon Hee Cho, Mihi Yang; Cancer Res Treat. 2018;50(1):111-117. Published online March 8, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2017.001

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Purpose
For the target treatment and prevention of women’s increased thyroid cancer, we focused on risks of environmental exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals, particularly bisphenol A (BPA), and its high susceptible exposure-timing, particularly early exposure in lives.
Materials and Methods
Female ICR mice were exposed to BPA in utero and in early life (15, 75, and 300 mg/L of drinking water via pregnant mice and lactation). We identified BPA-responsive proteins in mice thyroid by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, image analyses, and electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. We further analyzed expression of the BPA-responsive proteins in women thyroid cancer patients (n=28).
Results
We found the altered 17 proteins in BPA dose-dependent manner among the thyroid tissues of offspring mice and identified nine proteins of them, including Anxa6, Atp5b, Hspa5, and Vcp, etc. In addition, we observed the positive association between blood BPA levels and mRNA expression of the ANXA6 and VCP not in normal but thyroid cancer tissues.
Conclusion
Our study provides ANXA6 and VCP as proteomic biomarkers for BPA–early life exposure and their potential for women’s thyroid cancer.

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Predictive Value and Immunological Role of the HSPA5 Gene in Cervical Cancer
Yingying Bai, Yandong Miao, Jiangtao Wang, Jian Gan, Jiang Feng
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Subchronic toxic effects of bisphenol A on the gut-liver-hormone axis in rats via intestinal flora and metabolism
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Jinlong Cao, Shun Wan, Siyu Chen, Li Yang
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Yuyao Yang, Xiaoyue Bai, Juan Lu, Ronghao Zou, Rui Ding, Xiaohui Hua
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Mai K. L. Nguyen, Jaimy Jose, Mohamed Wahba, Marc Bernaus-Esqué, Andrew J. Hoy, Carlos Enrich, Carles Rentero, Thomas Grewal
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A comprehensive review on the carcinogenic potential of bisphenol A: clues and evidence
Nadeem Ghani Khan, Jacinta Correia, Divya Adiga, Padmalatha Satwadi Rai, Herman Sunil Dsouza, Sanjiban Chakrabarty, Shama Prasada Kabekkodu
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Valosin-Containing Protein (VCP)/p97: A Prognostic Biomarker and Therapeutic Target in Cancer
Susan Costantini, Francesca Capone, Andrea Polo, Palmina Bagnara, Alfredo Budillon
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Bisphenol A Activates an Innate Viral Immune Response Pathway
Mark L. Sowers, Hui Tang, Bing Tian, Randall Goldblum, Terumi Midoro-Horiuti, Kangling Zhang
Journal of Proteome Research.2020; 19(2): 644. CrossRef
Ion-Trap Mass Spectrometric Analysis of Bisphenol A Interactions With Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles and Milk Proteins
Edward P.C. Lai, Hendrik Kersten, Thorsten Benter
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ANXA6 Contributes to Radioresistance by Promoting Autophagy via Inhibiting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR Signaling Pathway in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Qianping Chen, Wang Zheng, Lin Zhu, Dan Yao, Chen Wang, Yimeng Song, Songling Hu, Hongxia Liu, Yang Bai, Yan Pan, Jianghong Zhang, Jian Guan, Chunlin Shao
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Olga Y. Korolkova, Sarrah E. Widatalla, Stephen D. Williams, Diva S. Whalen, Heather K. Beasley, Josiah Ochieng, Thomas Grewal, Amos M. Sakwe
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Evaluation of Diagnostic Performance of Screening Thyroid Ultrasonography and Imaging Findings of Screening-Detected Thyroid Cancer: Jeongin Yoo, Hye Shin Ahn, Soo Jin Kim, Sung Hee Park, Mirinae Seo, Semin Chong; Cancer Res Treat. 2018;50(1):11-18. Published online February 24, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2016.600

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic performance and cost of screening thyroid ultrasonography (US) in an asymptomatic population and determine the US features of screening-detected thyroid cancer.
Materials and Methods
This study included 1,845 asymptomatic participants who underwent screening thyroid US between March and August 2012 at the screening center in our hospital. We evaluated the diagnostic performance of screening thyroid US for thyroid cancer and the average cost of diagnosis for each patient. We also determined the characteristic US features of screening-detected thyroid cancer.
Results
Of the 1,845 subjects, 661 showed no abnormalities, 1,155 exhibited benign thyroid nodules, and 29 exhibited thyroid cancer. Imaging features such as solid composition, hypoechogenicity, taller-than-wide axis, and ill-defined or spiculated margins of nodules were suggestive of malignancy. The rate of detection of cancer was 1.6% (29/1,845), and the sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values were 100% (18/18), 98.7% (1,051/1,065), 56.3% (18/32), and 100% (1,051/1,051), respectively. Of 18 patients who underwent thyroidectomy, three (16.7%) had a pathological tumor staging of T3, and four (22.2%) had a pathological nodal staging of N1a. The average cost of diagnosis for each patient with cancer was $7,319.
Conclusion
Screening thyroid US exhibited a good diagnostic performance, with a feasible social cost of use. This modality demonstrated significant differences in sonographic features between screening-detected cancer and benign nodules.

Citations

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Meta-Analysis

Alcohol Intake and Risk of Thyroid Cancer: A Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies: Seung-Hee Hong, Seung-Kwon Myung, Hyeon Suk Kim, The Korean Meta-Analysis (KORMA) Study Group; Cancer Res Treat. 2017;49(2):534-547. Published online July 7, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2016.161

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to assess whether alcohol intake is associated with the risk of thyroid cancer by a meta-analysis of observational studies.
Materials and Methods
We searched PubMed and EMBASE in June of 2015 to locate eligible studies. We included observational studies such as cross-sectional studies, case-control studies, and cohort studies reporting odd ratios (ORs) or relative risk (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).
Results
We included 33 observational studies with two cross-sectional studies, 20 case-controls studies, and 11 cohort studies, which involved a total of 7,725 thyroid cancer patients and 3,113,679 participants without thyroid cancer in the final analysis. In the fixed-effect model meta-analysis of all 33 studies, we found that alcohol intake was consistently associated with a decreased risk of thyroid cancer (OR or RR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.67 to 0.83; I2=38.6%). In the subgroup meta-analysis by type of study, alcohol intake also decreased the risk of thyroid cancer in both case-control studies (OR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.65 to 0.92; I2=29.5%; n=20) and cohort studies (RR, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.60 to 0.82; I2=0%; n=11). Moreover, subgroup meta-analyses by type of thyroid cancer, gender, amount of alcohol consumed, and methodological quality of study showed that alcohol intake was significantly associated with a decreased risk of thyroid cancer.
Conclusion
The current meta-analysis of observational studies found that, unlike most of other types of cancer, alcohol intake decreased the risk of thyroid cancer.

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Original Articles

Risk Factors for Thyroid Cancer: A Hospital-Based Case-Control Study in Korean Adults: Seung-Kwon Myung, Chan Wha Lee, Jeonghee Lee, Jeongseon Kim, Hyeon Suk Kim; Cancer Res Treat. 2017;49(1):70-78. Published online June 23, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2015.310

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Purpose
Although the incidence of thyroid cancer in Korea has rapidly increased over the past decade, few studies have investigated its risk factors. This study examined the risk factors for thyroid cancer in Korean adults.
Materials and Methods
The study design was a hospital-based case-control study. Between August 2002 and December 2011, a total of 802 thyroid cancer cases out of 34,211 patients screened from the Cancer Screenee. Cohort of the National Cancer Center in South Korea were included in the analysis. A total of 802 control cases were selected from the same cohort, and matched individually (1:1) by age (±2 years) and area of residence for control group 1 and additionally by sex for control group 2.
Results
Multivariate conditional logistic regression analysis using the control group 1 showed that females and those with a family history of thyroid cancer had an increased risk of thyroid cancer, whereas ever-smokers and those with a higher monthly household income had a decreased risk of thyroid cancer. On the other hand, the analysis using control group 2 showed that a family history of cancer and alcohol consumption were associated with a decreased risk of thyroid cancer, whereas higher body mass index (BMI) and family history of thyroid cancer were associated with an increased risk of thyroid cancer.
Conclusion
These findings suggest that females, those with a family history of thyroid cancer, those with a higher BMI, non-smokers, non-drinkers, and those with a lower monthly household income have an increased risk of developing thyroid cancer.

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Potential Role of Adjuvant Radiation Therapy in Cervical Thymic Neoplasm Involving Thyroid Gland or Neck: Jae Myoung Noh, Sang Yun Ha, Yong Chan Ahn, Dongryul Oh, Seung Won Seol, Young Lyun Oh, Joungho Han; Cancer Res Treat. 2015;47(3):436-440. Published online November 17, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2013.184

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to assess the clinicopathologic features, treatment outcomes, and role of adjuvant radiation therapy (RT) in cervical thymic neoplasm involving the thyroid gland or neck. Materials and Methods The medical and pathologic records of eight patients with cervical thymic neoplasm were reviewed retrospectively. All patients underwent surgical resection, including thyroidectomy or mass excision. Adjuvant RT was added in five patients with adverse clinicopathologic features. The radiation doses ranged from 54 Gy/27 fractions to 66 Gy/30 fractions delivered to the primary tumor bed and pathologically involved regional lymphatics using a 3-dimensional conformal technique. Results Eight cases of cervical thymic neoplasm included three patients with carcinoma showing thymus-like differentiation (CASTLE) and five with ectopic cervical thymoma. The histologic subtypes of ectopic cervical thymoma patients were World Health Organization (WHO) type B3 thymoma in one, WHO type B1 thymoma in two, WHO type AB thymoma in one, and metaplastic thymoma in one, respectively. The median age was 57 years (range, 40 to 76 years). Five patients received adjuvant RT: three with CASTLE; one with WHO type B3; and one with WHO type AB with local invasiveness. After a median follow-up period of 49 months (range, 11 to 203 months), no recurrence had been observed, regardless of adjuvant RT. Conclusion Adjuvant RT after surgical resection might be worthwhile in patients with CASTLE and ectopic cervical thymoma with WHO type B2-C and/or extraparenchymal extension, as similarly indicated for primary thymic epithelial tumors. A longer follow-up period may be needed in order to validate this strategy.

Citations

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Coexistence of intrathyroid thymic carcinoma and papillary thyroid carcinoma: a case report and literature review
Maryam Vajihinejad, Ali Ataei, Mohammad Pashmchi, Ali Aledavoud, Vahid Zand, Mohammad Ali Broomand, Mohammad Mohammadi, Niloofar Zare Reshkuiyeh
Frontiers in Oncology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Case report: Thymoid differentiated carcinoma of thyroid: Two cases
Yanjie Zhao, Jiafeng Liu
Frontiers in Surgery.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Ectopic Cervical Thymoma: An Uncommon Entity
Nikitha Kairanna, Geetha Vasudevan, Veena Karanth, Krishna Sharan
Indian Journal of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery.2022; 74(S3): 5884. CrossRef
Genomic variation associated with carcinoma showing thymus‐like elements (CASTLE) in thyroid gland
Lin Jiang, Wei‐Hui Zheng, Chao Chen
Laryngoscope Investigative Otolaryngology.2022; 7(3): 894. CrossRef
Thyroid Carcinoma Showing Thymus-like Differentiation (CASTLE): A Case Report
Mihaela Stanciu, Ruxandra Paula Ristea, Mihaela Popescu, Corina Maria Vasile, Florina Ligia Popa
Life.2022; 12(9): 1314. CrossRef
Failure pattern and suggestions for target volume delineation of carcinoma showing thymus-like differentiation treated with intensity-modulated radiotherapy
Fang-Fang Kong, Guang-Sen Pan, Rui-Ping Zhai, Cheng-Run Du, Xia-Yun He, Chun-Ying Shen, Xue-Guan Lu, Tuan-Qi Sun, Yu Wang, Qing-Hai Ji, Chao-Su Hu, Hong-Mei Ying
BMC Cancer.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Overview of the 2022 WHO Classification of Thyroid Neoplasms
Zubair W. Baloch, Sylvia L. Asa, Justine A. Barletta, Ronald A. Ghossein, C. Christofer Juhlin, Chan Kwon Jung, Virginia A. LiVolsi, Mauro G. Papotti, Manuel Sobrinho-Simões, Giovanni Tallini, Ozgur Mete
Endocrine Pathology.2022; 33(1): 27. CrossRef
Thyroid carcinoma with thymus-like differentiation (CASTLE) tumor: а сase report
A. A. Ilyin, V. V. Polkin, P. A. Isaev, F. E. Sevrukov, N. Yu. Dvinskych, M. I. Ryzhenkova, S. A. Ivanov, A. D. Kaprin
Head and Neck Tumors (HNT).2021; 11(2): 64. CrossRef
Recurrence of carcinoma showing thymus-like differentiation (CASTLE) involving the thyroid gland
N. V. Dang, L. X. Son, N. T. T. Hong, N. T. T. Nhung, N. T. Tung, L. V. Quang
Thyroid Research.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
An extrathyroid CASTLE tumor in the left neck
Lin Jiang, Wei-hui Zheng, Yun Xi, Chao Chen
Oral Oncology.2020; 109: 104656. CrossRef
The ‘CASTLE’ tumour: An extremely rare presentation of a thyroid malignancy. A case report
Diana Mellisa Dualim, Loo Guo Hou, Shahrun Niza Abdullah Suhaimi, Nani Harlina Md Latar, Rohaizak Muhammad, Nordashima Abd Shukor
Annals of Medicine and Surgery.2019;[Epub] CrossRef
Ektopien des Thymus und ektope Thymustumoren
A. Marx, T. Rüdiger, E. Rößner, A. Tzankov, V. T. de Montpréville, R. R. Rieker, P. Ströbel, C.‑A. Weis
Der Pathologe.2018; 39(5): 390. CrossRef
CASTLE Thyroid Tumor: A Case Report and Literature Review
Chris Lominska, Christopher Fleighton Estes, Prakash C. Neupane, Y. Shnayder, Mindi J. TenNapel, Maura F. O’Neil
Frontiers in Oncology.2017;[Epub] CrossRef
Thyroid Carcinoma Showing Thymic-Like Differentiation Causing Fracture of the Trachea
Aikaterini Marini, Meletios Kanakis, Konstantinos Valakis, Nikolaos Laschos, Maria Chorti, Achilleas Lioulias
Case Reports in Medicine.2016; 2016: 1. CrossRef

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Setting a Health Policy Research Agenda for Controlling Cancer Burden in Korea: Sung-In Jang, Kyoung-Hee Cho, Sun Jung Kim, Kwang-Sig Lee, Eun-Cheol Park; Cancer Res Treat. 2015;47(2):149-157. Published online September 11, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2013.167

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Purpose
The aim of study was to provide suggestions for prioritizing research in effort to reduce cancer burden in Korea based on a comprehensive analysis of cancer burden and Delphi consensus among cancer experts. Materials and Methods Twenty research plans covering 10 topics were selected based on an assessment of the literature, and e-mail surveys were analyzed using a two-round modified Delphi method. Thirty-four out of 79 experts were selected from four organizations to participate in round one, and 21 experts among them had completed round two. Each item had two questions; one regarding the agreement of the topic as a priority item to reduce cancer burden, and the other about the importance of the item on a nine-point scale. A consensus was defined to be an average lower coefficient of variation with less than 30% in importance. Results Seven plans that satisfied the three criteria were selected as priority research plans for reducing cancer burden. These plans are “research into advanced clinical guidelines for thyroid cancer given the current issue with over-diagnosis,” “research into smoking management plans through price and non-price cigarette policy initiatives,” “research into ways to measure the quality of cancer care,” “research on policy development to expand hospice care,” “research into the spread and management of Helicobacter pylori,” “research on palliative care in a clinical setting,” and “research into alternative mammography methods to increase the accuracy of breast cancer screenings.” Conclusion The seven plans identified in this study should be prioritized to reduce the burden of cancer in Korea. We suggest that policy makers and administrators study and invest significant effort in these plans.

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