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Lung and Thoracic cancer
Five-Year Overall Survival and Prognostic Factors in Patients with Lung Cancer: Results from the Korean Association of Lung Cancer Registry (KALC-R) 2015
Da Som Jeon, Ho Cheol Kim, Se Hee Kim, Tae-Jung Kim, Hong Kwan Kim, Mi Hyung Moon, Kyongmin Sarah Beck, Yang-Gun Suh, Changhoon Song, Jin Seok Ahn, Jeong Eun Lee, Jeong Uk Lim, Jae Hyun Jeon, Kyu-Won Jung, Chi Young Jung, Jeong Su Cho, Yoo-Duk Choi, Seung-Sik Hwang, Chang-Min Choi, Korean Association for Lung Cancer, Korea Central Cancer Registry
Cancer Res Treat. 2023;55(1):103-111.   Published online June 20, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2022.264
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReaderePub
Purpose
This study aimed to provide the clinical characteristics, prognostic factors, and 5-year relative survival rates of lung cancer diagnosed in 2015.
Materials and Methods
The demographic risk factors of lung cancer were calculated using the KALC-R (Korean Association of Lung Cancer Registry) cohort in 2015, with survival follow-up until December 31, 2020. The 5-year relative survival rates were estimated using Ederer II methods, and the general population data used the death rate adjusted for sex and age published by the Korea Statistical Information Service from 2015 to 2020.
Results
We enrolled 2,657 patients with lung cancer who were diagnosed in South Korea in 2015. Of all patients, 2,098 (79.0%) were diagnosed with non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and 345 (13.0%) were diagnosed with small cell lung cancer (SCLC), respectively. Old age, poor performance status, and advanced clinical stage were independent risk factors for both NSCLC and SCLC. In addition, the 5-year relative survival rate declined with advanced stage in both NSCLC (82%, 59%, 16%, 10% as the stage progressed) and SCLC (16%, 4% as the stage progressed). In patients with stage IV adenocarcinoma, the 5-year relative survival rate was higher in the presence of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation (19% vs. 11%) or anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) translocation (38% vs. 11%).
Conclusion
In this Korean nationwide survey, the 5-year relative survival rates of NSCLC were 82% at stage I, 59% at stage II, 16% at stage III, and 10% at stage IV, and the 5-year relative survival rates of SCLC were 16% in cases with limited disease, and 4% in cases with extensive disease.

Citations

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    Journal of Drug Targeting.2025; : 1.     CrossRef
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    Natalia Soloveva, Svetlana Novikova, Tatiana Farafonova, Olga Tikhonova, Victor Zgoda
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  • Impact of Postoperative Prolonged Air Leakage on Long-Term Pulmonary Function after Lobectomy for Lung Cancer
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    Journal of Chest Surgery.2024; 57(6): 511.     CrossRef
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Skin cancer
Incidence and Survival Rates of Cutaneous Melanoma in South Korea Using Nationwide Health Insurance Claims Data
TaeHo Kim, Siyeong Yoon, Dong-Eun Shin, Sang Cheol Lee, Jisu Oh, So-Young Lee, Do Kyung Kim, Segi Kim, Bosung Jung, Minsup Kim, Soonchul Lee
Cancer Res Treat. 2022;54(3):937-949.   Published online September 30, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2021.871
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReaderePub
Purpose
Melanoma incidence is rising worldwide along with the associated personal and socioeconomic health expenditures. We investigated the incidence and survival-rate patterns of melanoma in South Korea using nationwide data.
Materials and Methods
This retrospective cohort study included patients with melanoma between 2004 and 2017, based on National Health Insurance (NHI) claims data in South Korea. The incidence, prevalence, and survival rate were analyzed along with baseline demographic characteristics. We collected solar irradiation dose (SID) and healthcare ranking score (HRS) according to the administrative district from the Korea Meteorological Administration and Korea Health Promotion Institute. The incidence and survival rates were assessed using Pearson's correlation, the Kaplan-Meier estimation, multiple linear regression, and multiple logistic regression methods.
Results
Twenty-five thousand, five hundred ninety-one patients with melanoma were diagnosed during the study period. The age-standardized incidence of melanoma steadily increased from 2004 to 2017 from 2.6 to 3.0/100,000/yr. The incidence of melanoma increased with significantly higher income (p < 0.05). The prevalence followed a similar pattern as the incidence. According to multivariate analysis, HRS significantly influenced the incidence of melanoma in high sun-exposed sites (p < 0.001). There was no significant change in annual mortality. Women had a higher 5-year survival rate than men (78.4% vs. 72.8%). Mortality by the administrative district was highly correlated with HRS.
Conclusion
The incidence of melanoma is increasing in South Korea. A low HRS is associated with both higher incidence and mortality. The findings of this study could be utilized as a guideline for treating melanoma patients.

Citations

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    Dermatologica Sinica.2024; 42(1): 19.     CrossRef
  • Analyses of Osteogenesis Imperfecta in South Korea Using the Nationwide Health Insurance Service Claim Data: A Propensity Score-Matched Study
    Sin Hyung Park, Ho Yoon, Siyeong Yoon, Jaiwoo Chung, Jae-hyun Kim, Soonchul Lee
    Calcified Tissue International.2024; 115(6): 915.     CrossRef
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    Isaac Kim, Jisu Oh, Siyeoung Yoon, Man-Yong Han, Jaiwoo Chung, Younghoon Jung, Hyun-Il Lee, Soonchul Lee
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    Yaqi Wang, Hui Su, Xiaopeng Wang, Chen Tu, Tong Xiao, Bincheng Ren, Shuang Wang
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    R. E. Neale, R. M. Lucas, S. N. Byrne, L. Hollestein, L. E. Rhodes, S. Yazar, A. R. Young, M. Berwick, R. A. Ireland, C. M. Olsen
    Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences.2023; 22(5): 1011.     CrossRef
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    Seon Hwa Lee, Gi Ung Ha, Hyun Ji Lee, Ho Yun Chung, Seung Huh, Dae-Lyong Ha, Kyung Duck Park, Yong Hyun Jang, Weon Ju Lee, Seok-Jong Lee, Jun Young Kim
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  • 9,586 View
  • 209 Download
  • 9 Web of Science
  • 10 Crossref
Close layer
Gastrointestinal cancer
First Course of treatment and Prognosis of Exocrine Pancreatic Cancer in Korea from 2006 to 2017
Mee Joo Kang, Jiwon Lim, Sung-Sik Han, Hyeong Min Park, Sang-Jae Park, Young-Joo Won, Sun-Whe Kim
Cancer Res Treat. 2022;54(1):208-217.   Published online May 21, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2021.421
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Purpose
Hospital-based clinical studies have limitations in holistic assessment of cancer treatment and prognosis, as they omit out-of-hospital patients including elderly individuals. This study aimed to investigate trends in initial treatment and corresponding prognosis of patients with exocrine pancreatic cancer (EPC) in Korea.
Materials and Methods
The Korea Central Cancer Registry data of patients with EPC from 2006 to 2017 were retrospectively reviewed. We defined the first course of treatment (FT) as the cancer-directed treatment administered within four months after cancer diagnosis according to Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program.
Results
Among 62,209 patients with EPC, localized and regional (LR) SEER stage; patients over 70 years old; and ductal adenocarcinoma excluding cystic or mucinous (DAC) accounted for 40.6%, 50.1%, and 95.9%, respectively. “No active treatment” (NT, 46.5%) was the most frequent, followed by non-surgical FT (28.7%) and surgical FT (22.0%). Among 25,198 patients with LR EPC, surgical FT increased (35.9% to 46.3%) and NT decreased (45.0% to 29.5%) from 2006 to 2017. The rate of surgical FT was inversely related to age (55.1% [< 70 years], 37.3% [70-79 years], 10.9% [≥ 80 years]). Five-year relative survival rates of LR DAC were higher after surgical FT than after NT in localized (46.1% vs. 12.9%) and regional stage (23.6% vs. 4.9%) from 2012 to 2017.
Conclusion
Less than half of overall patients with LR EPC underwent surgical FT, and this proportion decreased significantly in elderly individuals. Clinicians should focus attention on elderly patients with EPC to provide appropriate medical advice.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Conditional Relative Survival of Exocrine Pancreatic Cancer: A Population-Based Study
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    Annals of Surgical Oncology.2024; 31(2): 1178.     CrossRef
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    Journal of Clinical Neuroscience.2024; 126: 154.     CrossRef
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    Sun-Whe Kim
    Annals of Surgical Treatment and Research.2023; 105(2): 63.     CrossRef
  • Exocrine pancreatic cancer as a second primary malignancy: A population-based study
    Mee Joo Kang, Jiwon Lim, Sung-Sik Han, Hyeong Min Park, Sung Chun Cho, Sang-Jae Park, Sun-Whe Kim, Young-Joo Won
    Annals of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery.2023; 27(4): 415.     CrossRef
  • Distinct prognosis of biliary tract cancer according to tumor location, stage, and treatment: a population-based study
    Mee Joo Kang, Jiwon Lim, Sung-Sik Han, Hyeong Min Park, Sun-Whe Kim, Woo Jin Lee, Sang Myung Woo, Tae Hyun Kim, Young-Joo Won, Sang-Jae Park
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    Hyeong Min Park, Young-Joo Won, Mee Joo Kang, Sang-Jae Park, Sun-Whe Kim, Kyu-Won Jung, Sung-Sik Han
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    Sin Hye Park, Mee Joo Kang, E Hwa Yun, Kyu-Won Jung
    Journal of Gastric Cancer.2022; 22(3): 160.     CrossRef
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    Mee Joo Kang, E Hwa Yun, Kyu-Won Jung, Sang-Jae Park
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  • Incidence, mortality, and survival of liver cancer using Korea central cancer registry database: 1999-2019
    Sung Yeon Hong, Mee Joo Kang, Taegyu Kim, Kyu-Won Jung, Bong-Wan Kim
    Annals of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery.2022; 26(3): 211.     CrossRef
  • 5,970 View
  • 116 Download
  • 11 Web of Science
  • 11 Crossref
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Gynecologic Cancer
Cervical Cancer in Women with Normal Papanicolaou Tests: A Korean Nationwide Cohort Study
Miseon Kim, Hyeongsu Kim, Dong Hoon Suh, Yong Beom Kim
Cancer Res Treat. 2021;53(3):813-818.   Published online December 10, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2020.826
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Purpose
This study aimed to evaluate the risk of cervical cancer diagnosed within 1 year after the last of multiple consecutive normal Papanicolau (Pap) tests.
Materials and Methods
The database of the National Health Insurance Service was used. We obtained Pap test data for 11,052,116 women aged 30-79 between 2007-2012. The cumulative incidence rates and 5-year overall survival rates of cervical cancer diagnosed within 1 year after the last normal Pap test were compared between women with one (N1), two (N2), and three consecutive normal Pap tests (N3). Women who did not receive a Pap test during the study period were assigned in the N0 group.
Results
The 1-year cumulative incidence rates of cervical cancer were 58.9, 24.6, 20.3, and 14.2 per 105 in the N0, N1, N2, and N3 groups, respectively. Compared to the N1 group, the risk of cervical cancer diagnosed within 1 year of the last normal Pap test decreased by 17% (relative risk [RR], 0.825; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.716 to 0.951) in the N2 group and 42% (RR, 0.578; 95% CI, 0.480 to 0.695) in the N3 group. However, the 5-year survival rate in women diagnosed with cervical cancer within 1 year of the last normal Pap test in the N3 group was not higher than that of the N1 group (79.6% vs. 81.3%, p=0.706).
Conclusion
As normal Pap tests are consecutively repeated, cervical cancer risk significantly decreases. However, previous consecutive normal Pap tests are not associated with improving survival outcomes in women shortly diagnosed with cervical cancer after the last normal Pap test.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Socioeconomic disparities in Papanicolaou test utilization in Western Iran
    Bahare Safari-Faramani, Roya Safari-Faramani, Farid Najafi, Davoud Khorasani Zavareh, Ali Kazemi Karyani, Mitra Darbandi
    BMC Public Health.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Jie Wang, Shenxiang Liu, Benfei Wei, Yulong Liu
    Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy.2024; 46: 104105.     CrossRef
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    Jihoon Kim, Halim Jo, Min Chul Ha, Hyunil Kim, Jung Kuk Lee, Jae Hun Han, San-Hui Lee, Dae Ryong Kang, Su Young Kim, Hyun-Soo Kim, Hee Man Kim
    Scientific Reports.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • 5,538 View
  • 122 Download
  • 3 Web of Science
  • 3 Crossref
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Central nervous system
A Nationwide, Population-Based Epidemiology Study of Primary Central Nervous System Tumors in Korea, 2007-2016: A Comparison with United States Data
Ho Kang, Sang Woo Song, Johyun Ha, Young-Joo Won, Chul-Kee Park, Heon Yoo, Kyu-Won Jung
Cancer Res Treat. 2021;53(2):355-366.   Published online October 7, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2020.847
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReaderePub
Purpose
The purpose of this study was to determine the epidemiologic characteristics and survival of patients with primary brain and other central nervous system (CNS) tumors in Korea and to compare our findings with those from the United States.
Materials and Methods
We collected data on primary brain and CNS tumors diagnosed between 2007 and 2016 from the Korea Central Cancer Registry. The age-standardized incidence rates (ASRs) and 5-year relative survival rates (RSRs) were evaluated. We applied the classification and definitions of the Central Brain Tumor Registry of the United States to our analysis for direct comparison with United States data.
Results
A total of 115,050 primary brain and CNS tumors were identified, and the ASR of all tumors was 22.01 per 100,000 individuals, which was lower than the 23.41 in the United States. However, the ASR of malignant tumors was significantly lower herein (4.27) than in the United States (7.08). Meningeal tumors were the most common histologic group among all tumors (ASR, 8.32). The 5-year RSR of all primary brain and other CNS tumors was 86.4%, and that of all malignant tumors was 44.1%, which was higher than the 35.8% observed in the United States. Among malignant tumors, glioblastomas had the lowest 5-year RSR (12.1%).
Conclusion
In Korea, malignant brain and other CNS tumors have a lower incidence and better survival outcome.

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    Hey-ran Choi, In-Ae Song, Tak Kyu Oh
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Survival of Cancer Patients in Northeast China: Analysis of Sampled Cancers from Population-Based Cancer Registries
Yanxia Li, Liya Yu, Jun Na, Shuang Li, Li Liu, Huijuan Mu, Xuanjuan Bi, Xiaoxia An, Xun Li, Wen Dong, Guowei Pan
Cancer Res Treat. 2017;49(4):1106-1113.   Published online February 2, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2016.613
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Purpose
The cancer survival was characterized by following up sampled subgroups of cancer cases from three population-based cancer registries in Northeast China.
Materials and Methods
Survival analysis was used to analyze 6,871 patients, who had one of the 21 most common cancers based on sampling from the population-based cancer registries of three cities in Liaoning Province. All patients were diagnosed between 2000 and 2002 and were followed up to the end of 2007 by active and passive methods. The 5-year age standardized relative survival rates (ASRS) were estimated for all cancers combined and each of the 21 individual cancers.
Results
The survival status was traced for 80.8% of 8,506 sampled cancer cases. The 5-year ASRS for all 21 cancers combined was 41.5% (95% confidence interval, 40.3 to 42.7), the highest ASRS was observed for thyroid cancer (85.2%), breast cancer (78.9%), uterine corpus cancer (75.9%), and urinary bladder cancer (70.2%); the lowest 5-year ASRS was noted in pancreatic cancer (8.8%), liver cancer (11.0%), esophageal cancer (18.8), and lung cancer (19.6%). The cancer survival rates in Liaoning cities were similar to those of urban areas in mainland China, but significantly lower than those in Hong Kong, Korea, and Japan.
Conclusion
The strikingly poor cancer survival rates in three cities of Liaoning Province and in other places in China highlight the need for urgent investment in cancer prevention, early detection, and standardized and centralized treatment.

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    Frontiers in Oncology.2020;[Epub]     CrossRef
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Clinical Results of Chemotherapy based Treatment in Retinoblastoma Patients: A Single Center Experience
Hyery Kim, Ji Won Lee, Hyoung Jin Kang, Hyeon Jin Park, Yoon Yi Kim, Hee Young Shin, Young Suk Yu, Il Han Kim, Hyo Seop Ahn
Cancer Res Treat. 2008;40(4):164-171.   Published online December 31, 2008
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2008.40.4.164
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Purpose

Retinoblastoma is the most common intraocular malignancy in children. Since the 1990s, chemotherapy was indicated for intraocluar disease to reduce the frequency of enucleation and spare the complications associated with external beam radiation. In this study, we analyzed treatment results of retinoblastoma in our institute.

Materials and Methods

Datas from children diagnosed with retinoblastoma and treated at Seoul National University Children's Hospital between 1986 and 2008 were analyzed retrospectively. We utilized cyclophosphamide, vincristine, adriamycin, and methotrexate (CVAM) for OPD-based adjuvant chemotherapy. From 1990, primary chemotherapy was administered to patients with intraocular disease for eyeball-saving and patients received a combination of etoposide, vincristine, cisplatin (or ifosfamide) as a moderately intensive regimen, or a combination of cisplatin, doxorubicin, etoposide, and cycophosphamide (CDEC) as a highly intensive regimen.

Results

One hundred eighteen children were analyzed. There were 68 unilateral and 50 bilateral diseases. The median age at diagnosis was 1 year and Reese-Ellsworth stage V was the most common stage at the time of diagnosis. All patients were treated by chemotherapy-based multimodality methods, and primary chemotherapy was administered to 80 patients. The 10-year overall and event-free survival rate of all patients were 93.9% and 91.6%, respectively. Two patients who died were in the CDEC regimen group, but there was no significant statistical difference in survival rates by chemotherapy regimens. Fifty-six of 114 eyeballs were saved after primary chemotherapy-based treatment, and the eyeball-saving rate was 49.1%. Six patients relapsed after enucleation and 2 patients were treated successfully after autologous PBSCT. Osteosarcoma occurred in 2 patients as a secondary malignancy, and facial asymmetry after radiotherapy was the most common long-term sequelae.

Conclusions

In this study, the overall and event-free survival rates of retinoblastoma were satisfactory and eye-saving was possible with primary chemotherapy. Development of new chemotherapeutic regimens and a team approach are necessary to improve the eyeball-saving rate.

Citations

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    Sang Yul Choi, Mi-Sook Kim, SungYul Yoo, ChulKoo Cho, YoungHoon Ji, KumBae Kim, YoungSeok Seo, Kyung Duk Park, JunAh Lee, Tai-Won Lee
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Occludin Expression in Brain Tumors and its Relevance to Peritumoral Edema and Survival
Min-Woo Park, Choong-Hyun Kim, Jin-Hwan Cheong, Koang-Hum Bak, Jae-Min Kim, Suck-Jun Oh
Cancer Res Treat. 2006;38(3):139-143.   Published online June 30, 2006
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2006.38.3.139
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Purpose

Peritumoral brain edema (PTBE) is a serious causative factor that contributes the morbidity or mortality of brain tumors. The development of PTBE is influenced by many factors, including such tight junction proteins as occludin. We evaluated the PTBE volume and survival time with respect to the occludin expression in various pathological types of brain tumors.

Materials and Methods

Fresh-frozen specimens from sixty patients who had brain tumors were obtained during surgery and the tumors were confirmed pathologically. The occludin expression was investigated by Western blot analysis. The PTBE volume was measured by using preoperative magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, and the survival time in each patient was estimated retrospectively.

Results

Occludin was detected in 41 (68.3%) of the cases with brain tumors and it was not expressed in the other 19 (31.7%) cases. Although the lowest expression was revealed in high-grade gliomas, its expression was variable according to the pathology of the brain tumors (p>0.05). The difference of PTBE volume between occludin-positive and negative brain tumors was statistically significant (2072.46±328.73 mm3 vs. 7452.42±1504.19 mm3, respectively, p=0.002). The mean survival time was longer in the occludin-positive tumor group than in the occludin-negative group (38.63±1.57 months vs. 26.16±3.83 months, respectively; p=0.016).

Conclusions

This study suggests that the occludin expression is highly correlated to the development of PTBE in brain tumors and it might be a prognostic indicator for patient survival.

Citations

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  • Lipid-Based Nanocarriers for Neurological Disorders: A Review of the State-of-the-Art and Therapeutic Success to Date
    Bwalya Angel Witika, Madan Sai Poka, Patrick Hulisani Demana, Scott Kaba Matafwali, Siyabonga Melamane, Sandile Maswazi Malungelo Khamanga, Pedzisai Anotida Makoni
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    Peter Solar, Michal Hendrych, Martin Barak, Hana Valekova, Marketa Hermanova, Radim Jancalek
    Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Evaluation of AQP4/TRPV4 Channel Co-expression, Microvessel Density, and its Association with Peritumoral Brain Edema in Intracranial Meningiomas
    Konstantinos Faropoulos, Afroditi Polia, Chrisi Tsakona, Eleanna Pitaraki, Athanasia Moutafidi, George Gatzounis, Martha Assimakopoulou
    Journal of Molecular Neuroscience.2021; 71(9): 1786.     CrossRef
  • Peripheral Blood Occludin Level as a Biomarker for Perioperative Cerebral Edema in Patients with Brain Tumors
    Shuhai Shi, Jingli Cheng, Chunyang Zhang, Tao Liang, Yunxin Zhang, Yongxing Sun, Ying Zhao, Weili Li, Baoguo Wang
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    De S Shang, Yi M Yang, Hu Zhang, Li Tian, Jiu S Jiang, Yan B Dong, Ke Zhang, Bo Li, Wei D Zhao, Wen G Fang, Yu H Chen
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    Jun Wei, Zhaohui Li, Chao Du, Bin Qi, Xingli Zhao, Liping Wang, Lirong Bi, Guan Wang, Xuan Zhang, Xiaoyun Su, Yuzhuo Pan, Yu Tian
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    Joanna Reszec, Adam Hermanowicz, Robert Rutkowski, Piotr Bernaczyk, Zenon Mariak, Lech Chyczewski
    Journal of Neuro-Oncology.2013; 115(1): 119.     CrossRef
  • Involvement of PI3K and ROCK signaling pathways in migration of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells through human brain microvascular endothelial cell monolayers
    Mei-Na Lin, De-Shu Shang, Wei Sun, Bo Li, Xin Xu, Wen-Gang Fang, Wei-Dong Zhao, Liu Cao, Yu-Hua Chen
    Brain Research.2013; 1513: 1.     CrossRef
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Relationship between Pre-treatment Serum SCC (squamous cell carcinoma) Antigen, Cyfra 21-1 Levels, and Survival in Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Uterine Cervix
Ki-Hong Chang, Hee-Sug Ryu, Suk-Joon Chang, Young-Ji Byun, Jung-Pil Lee
Cancer Res Treat. 2005;37(5):302-306.   Published online October 31, 2005
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2005.37.5.302
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Purpose

To determine the relationship between pretreatment serum squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) antigen and Cyfra 21-1 levels, and survival in patients with invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix.

Materials and Methods

One hundred and one cervical squamous cell carcinoma patients were included. Pre-treatment levels of serum SCC antigen and Cyfra 21-1 were measured, with a 5 year minimum follow up. Thirty two recurrent disease (RD) patients were compared to 99 non-recurrent disease (NRD) patients with respect to tumor markers, FIGO stage, lesion size, lymph node status, and parametrial involvement.

Results

Pre-treatment serum SCC antigen and Cyfra 21-1 levels were significantly higher in the RD group (p<0.001). Combined serum SCC antigen and Cyfra 21-1 levels showed higher sensitivity for prediction of recurrence (90.6%). Pre-treatment SCC antigen and Cyfra 21-1 levels showed correlation with high FIGO stage, large lesion size, lymph node status, and parametrial involvement (p<0.001). Normal pre-treatment levels of SCC antigen and Cyfra 21-1 showed a 5-year survival rate of 93% and 90% respectively, while elevated levels showed significantly decreased survival rate of 63% and 59%, respectively (p<0.001). Odd ratio for cumulative survival rates were 6.87 for SCC antigen, and 5.07 for Cyfra 21-1 (p<0.001).

Conclusion

Initial pre-treatment levels of serum SCC antigen and Cyfra 21-1 are closely related to FIGO stage, lesion size, lymph node and parametrial involvement in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix. Also, these markers may be of help to predicting recurrent disease and survival rates.

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Editorial
Molecular Markers in Gastric Cancer: Can They Predict Prognosis?
Seok Jin Kim, Yeul Hong Kim
Cancer Res Treat. 2003;35(1):1-2.   Published online February 28, 2003
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2003.35.1.1
AbstractAbstract PDF
No abstract available.

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  • Nuclear Factor-κB Activation Correlates with Better Prognosis and Akt Activation in Human Gastric Cancer
    Byung Lan Lee, Hye Seung Lee, Jieun Jung, Sung Jin Cho, Hee-Yong Chung, Woo Ho Kim, Young-Woo Jin, Chong Soon Kim, Seon Young Nam
    Clinical Cancer Research.2005; 11(7): 2518.     CrossRef
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Original Articles
Expression of G1/S Phase Checkpoint Proteins in Breast Carcinoma: Relationship to Clinicopathologic Factors andSurvival Rate
Mi Ja Lee
Cancer Res Treat. 2002;34(4):268-273.   Published online August 31, 2002
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2002.34.4.268
AbstractAbstract PDF
The retinoblastoma protein (pRb)/cyclin D1/ p16 pathway plays a critical role in controlling the progression from G1 to S phase of the cell cycle. Abnormal expression of the individual components of the pathway has been reported in many human cancers, including the breast. Our aim was to investigate the role of this pathway in tumorigenesis and tumor progression, and to evaluate the value of these oncoproteins as potential prognostic factors in breast cancer.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
We examined the significance of the p16, pRb, and cyclin D1 expression in 128 cases of invasive breast carcinomas using immunohistochemistry on formalin fixed, paraffin sections. The results correlated with the survival rate and clinicopathologic variables, including age, histologic grade, lymph node status, tumor size, estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) content. The negative finding for nuclear staining for pRb and p16 were defined as abnormal.
RESULTS
Abnormal expression of the p16 and pRb were seen in 21% and 43% of tumors, respectively. There was a significant inverse relationship between the p16 and pRb expressions. There was no association between the p16 staining and any other parameters, including survival rate, cyclin D1, or clinicopathologic variables. Surprisingly, there was a trend for pRb positive tumors to be grade III ductal carcinomas. Cyclin D1 positivity was noted in 46% of cases. The expression of cyclin D1 protein was significantly higher in lower histologic grades, and with higher ER and PR expressions.
CONCLUSION
These findings suggest the p16 may be negatively regulated by the pRb, and that cyclin D1 is involved in the tumor progression in well-differentiated tumors and could be an ER and PR related protein. In a Cox multivariate analysis, the p16, pRb, and cyclin D1 were not independent predictors of patient outcome.
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A Study of the Survival Rate of Childhood Cancer in Korea
Mi Hwa Yang, Song Hyeun Eun, Chan Sook Park, Jin A Son, Jae Yun Kim, Jae Wook Ko, Don Hee Ahn
Cancer Res Treat. 2001;33(3):191-198.   Published online June 30, 2001
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2001.33.3.191
AbstractAbstract PDF
PURPOSE
It is known that the prognosis of childhood cancer is relatively good, however actual representative nationwide data on childhood cancer, particularly of survival rate, are rare. In this study we attempted to establish the overall survival rate of major childhood cancer.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The primary source of data of childhood cancer under 15 years of age were the registry files of the Central Cancer Registry Report (Ministry of Health & Welfare) from 1993 to 1997. The above data was compared to death case data files of the same period obtained from the Korea National Statistical Office using the personal identification code. We calculated the 1, 3, and 5 year survival rates using the life table of SPSS and Kaplan-Meier method and compared the survival rate of disease according to prognostic factors.
RESULTS
A total of 6,720 cases of pediatric cancer from the Central Cancer Registry files were computerized and sorted by personal identification (ID) code to extract duplicated cases as well as cases with incomplete data. The final number of cases entered in this study was 4,983. 1) The number of confirmed death cases was 1,448 (29.1%). 2) The disease distribution showed that the most common pediatric cancer was leukemia (1,468/4,983, 29%), followed by brain tumors (503/4,983, 10%), lymphoma (315/4,983, 6%), Wilms tumor (165/4,983, 3%), etc. in order by number of patients. 3) The 5 year survival rate of disease was as follows: overall 62%, acute lymphocytic leukemia 61%, acute non-lymphocytic leukemia 32%, malignant lymphoma 72%, neuroblastoma 47%, medulloblastoma 51%, Astrocytoma 66%, Wilms tumor 83%, etc.
CONCLUSION
We analyzed and report the 5 year survival rate of overall childhood cancer and of each of the twelve major childhood cancers from in Korea 1993 to 1997 to provide basic data on childhood cancer statistics.

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    Journal of Korean Medical Science.2017; 32(4): 642.     CrossRef
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    Mia Son, Jongoh Kim, Juhwan Oh, Ichiro Kawachi
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    Seung-Sook Lee, Jin-Man Kim, Young-Hyeh Ko, Jooryung Huh, Chang Suk Kang, Chul Woo Kim, Yun Kyung Kang, Jai Hyang Go, Min Kyung Kim, Wan-Seop Kim, Yoon Jung Kim, Hyun-Jung Kim, Hee Kyung Kim, Jong Hee Nam, Hyung Bae Moon, Chan-Kum Park, Tae In Park, Young
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Analysis of 103 Patients with Unknown Primary Carcinoma: Retrospective Study
Jae Jin Lee, Si Young Kim, Kyung Sam Cho, Juhie Lee, Hwi Joong Yoon
J Korean Cancer Assoc. 2001;33(1):1-8.
AbstractAbstract PDF
PURPOSE
Unknown primary carcinoma takes up approximately 0.5-10% of the oncology patients evaluated, and the patients have poor survival of between 3 to 11 months. Despite the short survival, certain clinically defined subsets of patients were reported to have a better prognosis. Thus, the objective of this study was to identify prognostic factors.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The present study was con ducted with 103 patients who were referred from January 1988 to July 1999. The primary end point was survival. The survival curves were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared using the Log-rank test and Cox's proportional hazards regression analysis.
RESULTS
Most patients had histologic evidence of ade nocarcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma. Univariate and multivariate analyses identified good prognostic factors including performance status (grade 0-2), female and adenocarcinoma with more than moderate level of differentiation. The responders of chemotherapy in squamous cell carcinoma and lung, breast, ovary -estimated- cancer showed good survival rates.
CONCLUSION
Unknown primary carcinoma tended to show a poor prognosis. However, when treatment modality of unknown primary carcinoma is to be determined through the prognostic factors, the patients quality of life can be improved through reducing the treatment side effects and economic burden on the patients.
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Breast Cancer Detected by Screening Mammography
Byung Ho Son, Jung Mi Park, Gyeong Yeop Gong, Se Hyun Ahn
J Korean Cancer Assoc. 1999;31(3):499-508.
AbstractAbstract PDF
PURPOSE
The early detection of breast cancer by screening mammography is important to reduce breast cancer mortality rate. The purpose of this study was to investigate the characteristics of breast cancer patients detected by screening mammography.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Surgically treated 1,265 patients at Asan Medical Center from Jul. 1989 to Dec. 1997 were evaluated. Among them, 119 patients (9.4%) were detected by screening mammography. These patients were compared with clinically detected symptomatic breast cancer group.
RESULTS
The characteristics of breast cancer patients detected by screening mammography were as follows: The most common finding of mammography was microcalcifications (62.2%); The less invasive or more conservative minimal and non-destructive surgical treatments such as breast conserving surgery (21.0%), simple mastectomy (8.4%), breast reconstruction (8.4%) were performed more frequently; The median tumor size of invasive cancers was 16 mm; Node-negative cancers (83.2%) were more frequent; The early breast cancer of stage 0 and I was 70.6%; DCIS (29.4%) was highly proportionated; and The 5-year overall (95.8%) and 5-year disease-free survival rate (92.0%) were significantly higher than in clinically detected symptomatic breast cancer patients.
CONCLUSION
The screening mammography was significant for detecting non-palpable, early stage breast cancer. Ultrasonography was needed as an adjunct for the accurate detection in dense breast or young women. According to early detection, the 5-year survival rate was high.
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Results of Surgical Treatment and Analysis of Prognostic Factors in Primary Gastric Adenocarcinoma
Cheol Hun Chung, Young Jae Mok, Gil Soo Son, Seung Joo Kim, Sae Min Kim
J Korean Cancer Assoc. 1999;31(3):458-465.
AbstractAbstract PDF
PURPOSE
Despite gsstric cancer is one of the most common ma1ignancies, its prognosis has not been improved significantly. Therefore, it is important to know what clinical and pathological factors relate to survival in gastric carcinoma in order to improve survival rate. The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate treatment results and to analyze the factors that affect the survival of patients with gastric carcinoma.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A total of 1,580 patients with primary gastric adenocarcinoma who had been treated surgically during the period 1983-1996 at the Department of Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine was studied to evaluate the treatment outcome. Prognostic factors were investigated by univariate and multivariate analyses in 1,407 resected patients.
RESULTS
The 5-year survival rate was 57.1% in all case, 62.4% in resected cases, and there was no survivor at 2.5 year in unresectable cases. In univariate analysis, gross type, maximum tumor diameter, depth of invasion, lymph node involvement, distant metastasis, histologic type and type of operation were found to correlate significantly with survival. Multivariate analysis indicated that lymph node involvement, depth of invasion and type of cancer were independently conelated with survival. The stage-related survival rates (UICC, 1987) were 95.8% (stage Ia), 87.6% (stage Ib), 76.7% (stage II), 51.3% (stage 1IIa), 25.5% (stage IIlb), 9.4% (stage IV) and the stage-related survival rates (UICC, 1997) 95.8% (stage Ia), 87.6% (stage Ib), 76.4% (stage II), 55.2% (stage IIla), 24.0% (stage IIIb), 13.4% (stage IV). There was no difference between two staging systems.
CONCLUSIONS
These results suggest that lymph node involvement, depth of invasion, and gross type were the most important prognostic factors, indicating that they may be helpful as predictors of long-term survival and in planning the treatment.
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Evaluation of the New UICC Staging System for Gastric Carcinoma
Hyeong Myeong Back, Sung Joon Kwon, Oh Jung Kwon, Pah Jong Jung, Kwang Su Lee, Jin Young Kwak, Kyu Young Jun, Chi Kyu Won
J Korean Cancer Assoc. 1999;31(1):54-61.
AbstractAbstract PDF
PURPOSE
There are several kinds of classificatian dealing with the staging of the gastric adenocarcinoma. However, such different staging systems pose difficulty in the inter- institutional or intemational comparison of the disease status and the treatment results. The purpose of this study is to evaluate each staging system and to assess the usefulness of the new UICC-TNM staging system (1997) for gastric adenocarcinoma. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We retrospectively analysed 473 cases of gastric adenocarcinoma who were operated at the Department of General Surgery, Hanyang University Hospital during the period from 1992 to 1996. Using these cases, we analyzed their cumulative 5-year survival rate according to three kinds of staging systems; old UICC-TNM staging system (1987), new UICC-TNM staging system (1997), and the Japanese staging system for gastric carcinoma (1993).
RESULTS
The follow up rate was 94.3% and the median follow up period was 30.3 months. All of these three systems showed a statistically significant survival difference according to their different classifications. When the distribution of stage between old and new UICC-TNM staging system was compared, 95 cases (20.1%) were subjected to stage shifting, which involves 12.1% of up-staging and 8.4% of down-staging. Stage shifting was most prominent in stage IIIb (68.8%). The cumulative 5-year survival rate according to the new UICC-TNM staging system was 99.1% in stage Ia, 81.4% in stage Ib, 75.2% in stage II, 45.9% in stage IIIa, 21.0% in stage IIIb, and 19.4% in stage IV.
CONCLUSION
We conclude that the new UICC-TNM staging system is simple, practically convenient, and highly reproducible, and it showed a statistically significant survival difference according to their staging classification.
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The Survival Rate of Stage IIB Ostosarcoma after Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy ( Modified T10 Protocol )
Jae Do Kim, Jeong Soo Bae, Myung Rae Cho
J Korean Cancer Assoc. 1998;30(3):591-598.
AbstractAbstract PDF
PURPOSE
The survival rate according to the methods of treatment was significantly higher in the osteosarcoma patients in which limb salvage operation with neoadjuvant chemotheraphy. The purpose of this study is to analyze the results of treatment in the Stage IIB osteosarcoma patients who treated with modified T10 protocol.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
From Jun. 1990 to Oct. 1997, thirty eight cases of Enneking's stage IIB osteosarcoma in extremities, were treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy by modified T10 protocol of Rosen. Their mean age was 22 years old (8 months to 55 years). And average duration of follow up is 29 months(10 manths to 88 months). The preoperative chemotherapy consisted of high dose methotrexate(HDMTX)(above 12 years old: 8 g/m2, below 12 years old: 12 g/m2), adriamycin(ADR)(30 mg/m2/day x 2), intraarterial cisplatin(CDDP)(100 mg/m2) or ifosfamide (IFO)(1.8 g/m2/day x5). The preoperative tailoring was performed according to the radiologic response after chemotherapy. If the patient revealed good response, we continued the chemotherapy next one more cycle and if not, stoped the chemotherapy or changed the cisplatin to ifosfamide. The postoperative chemotherapy consisted of HDMTX, adriamycin, ifosfamide or cisplatin with 4 cycles. According to the pathologic response to the pre-operative chemotherapy, we use HDMTX, ADR, CDDP in good response group and HDMTX, ADR, IFO in poor response group respectively.
RESULTS
On the latest follow up, 27 patients were continuous disease free(CDF 27/38), 4 patients were alive with disease(AWD) and 6 patients were died of disease(DOD) and I case was died of bone marrow and hepatic failure due to complication of chemotherapy. According to Kaplan-Meier's plot, the overall 5 years survival rate was 73.6%, and continuous disease free 5 years survival rate being 64%. The comparison of continuous disease free survival rates between good radiologic response group and poor response group showed 73% and 55%. The continuous disease free survival rates according to the pathologic response in good response group and poor were 90 % and 55%. During the chemotherapy, the most serious complications were leukocytopenia and bone marrow failure. These were controled by granulocyte colony stimulating factor(G-CSF) and leukotrophic agent. Other minor complications were nausea, vomiting, headache and extrapyramidal symptom, which were easily managed by simple conservative measure.
CONCLUSION
It was obtained that the overall 5 years survival rate was 73.6%, and continuous disease free 5years survival rate being 64% with modified T10 protocol.
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Treatment Result of Pediatric Osteosarcoma with Intraarterial Cisplatin
Hyoung Soo Choi, Hyoung Jin Kang, Jun Ah Lee, Hyo Heong Han, Hyeon Jin Park, Eun Sun Yoo, Woo Sun Kim, Hee Young Shin, In One Kim, Sang Hoon Lee, Hyo Seop Ahn, Han Koo Lee
J Korean Cancer Assoc. 1998;30(1):169-177.
AbstractAbstract PDF
PURPOSE
This study was performed to determine the outcome after treatment of osteosarcoma with intraarterial cisplatin as a preoperative chematherapy regimen.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Twenty five patients with extremity osteosarcoma were treated with intraarterial cisplatin at Seoul National University Children's Hospital from January 1987 to April 1996. The dose of cisplatin was 130 mg/m2 and three to six courses were repeated two- to three-week intervals, Systemic doxorubicin was added to six of these patients. This was followed by surgical resection(limb salvage or amputation) and postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy.
RESULTS
Limb-salvage was possible in twenty of these twenty five patients. Pulmonary metastasis was present in five patients at diagnosis and developed later in three patients. In six patients treated with systemic doxorubicin, pulmonary metastasis was absent at diagnosis and during follow-up period. Local recurrence after limb salvage was occurred in one patient and treated with amputation and systemic chemotherapy. Seven patients died from pulmonary metastssis and one from unknown cause. The follow-up duration of these patients was three to eighty eight months(median twenty two months) and the overall five-year survival and event free survival rate were 62.1% and 57.5%, respectively.
CONCLUSION
These data demonstrate that intraarterial cisplatin can be used as an effective regimen preoperatively for pediatric patients with extremity osteosarcoma. The combined use of systemic doxorubicin is expected to improve survival in patients with pulmonary metastasis.
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Primary Intestinal Lymphoma Treatment Results and prognostic Factors in 52 Cases
In Chul Hong, Chang Hak Yoo, Sung Hoon Noh, Chang Hwan Cho, Kyung Shik Lee
J Korean Cancer Assoc. 1998;30(1):158-168.
AbstractAbstract PDF
PURPOSE
In spite of many published reports about the primary gastrointcstinal lymphoma in Korea, the majority of them unfortunately involved a small number of patients with diverse results conceming treatment, patient survival, and prognostic factors. There also were few reports mainly focusing on primary intestinal lymphoma alone. Therefore we studied the patient-survival and prognostic factors in 52 cases of intestinal lymphomas.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
We reviewed fifty two patients who received treatment due to primary intestinal lymphoma at Severance hospital, from January 1980 to June 1995.
RESULTS
The intestinal lymphomas were located in descending order of frequency at the terminal ileum, i1eocecal region, right colon, and the jejunum. The most common histologic type was diffuse large cell type and the majority showed an intermediate grade of differentiation. The average survival time was 40.7 months with a 5 year survival rate of 41.4%. The overall and complete remission rate of the intestinal lymphoma were 76.2%, 64.3%, respectively. Additional chemotherapy or radiotherapy to surgery improved remission rate. The overall 5 year survival rates were 50.4%, 47.3%, 33.3%, and 25.0% in stage I, II1, II2 and III~IV, respectively. The 5 year survival rate after curative resection was 57.0% and 16.6% after incomplete resection. The significant prognostic factors were residual tumor, site of the lesion, multiplicity, and adjacent organ invasion. However, the site of the lesion alone (worst in the jejunum) was the sole independent variable on multivariate analysis.
CONCLUSION
We concluded that early diagnosis and curative resection were important to improve survival rates in the primary intestinal lymphoma. More number of such cases are needed for further comparison of various treatment methods and results.
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A Clinical Study of 500 Cases of Breast Cancer
In Sik Park, Ja Yun Koo, Hy De Lee, Woo Hee Jung
J Korean Cancer Assoc. 1997;29(6):1061-1068.
AbstractAbstract PDF
PURPOSE
We investigated the clinical characteristics of breast cancers and its significance. MATERIAL AND METHOD: We evaluated the clinical characteristics of 500 women with breast cancer who were diagnosed and treated by one surgeon between March 1991 and August 1996.
RESULTS
The median age was 46.7 years and the most common age group was 40's. The presenting symptoms for most patients were palpable mass (75.2%) followed by abnormal mammographic findings (8.4%), pain (6.3%) and nipple discharges (4.7%), and the duration of symptoms was less than 1 month in 41.4%. Fifty three percent of the 500 cases had T2 lesion (size; 2 to 5 cm). With the increase of tumor size, overall and disease free survival rates (OS, DFS) were decreased. Surgical treatment consisted of modified radical mastectomy (52.8%) and partial mastectomy (33.6%) The most common stage was II (42.3%) and the early breast cancer (stage 0, I, II) was 388cases (78.1%) and the stage were inversely correlated with DFS and OS. The positivity of axillary lymph node was 39.3% and the number of the metastatic lymph nodes was inversely correlated with DFS and OS. The pathologic types were infiltrating ductal carcinoma (83.0%), ductal carcinoma in situ (12.8%), infiltrating lobular carcinoma (1.2%), lobular carcinoma in situ (0.4%) and Paget's disease (2.0%). ER positivity was 48.9% and PR 46.9%. ER positive patients showed survival benefit compared to ER negative patients. The common sites of distant metastases were lung, bone and liver.
CONCLUSIONS
Our patients with breast cancer were younger than those of western and showed the impacts on survival according to the lymph node status,tumor size.
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Treatment of Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Diagnosed Jan . , 1978 Through Dec . , 1987 : Comparison between Standard - Risk and High - Risk Groups
Soon Ki Kim, Hee Young Shin, Hyo Seop Ahn
J Korean Cancer Assoc. 1990;22(3):539-549.
AbstractAbstract PDF
Of 328 children who were diagnosed as acute lymphoblastic leukemia at the Department of Pediatrics. Seoul National University Hospital from Jan., 1978 through Dec., 1987, 211 patients above one year af age were evaluable for induction chemotherapy. The leukemias were classified as standard risk (SR), comparison group (who had high-risk prognostic factors, but had been treated with standard regimen), or high- risk (HR) leukemia according to the prognostic criteria at diagnosis. Three regimens were compared and the results were as follows. 1) The complete remission (CR) rate was 97.1%(133/137), 81.0%(34/42) and 90.6%(29/32) in SR, comparison group. and HR group, respectively. And significant difference in the CR rate was seen between SR group and comparison group (p= 0.0001). 2) Of the patients remained in remission follow-up of each group showed 56.8% 5-yr disease-free survival (DFS)(+-5.9%, median follow-up 30 mo) in SR, 35.5% (+-9.1%, median 24 mo) in comparison group, and 76.0%(+- 8.5%, median 24 mo) in HR group. And significant difference in the 5yr-DFS rate were observed be(ween SR and comparison group (P = 0.007), between HR and comparison group (p = 0.002), respectively. 3) Induction failure was due to infection (n=2) bleeding (n=1) or uric acid nephropathy (n= 1) in SR drug resistance (n=3), infection (n=2), bleeding (n=2), or combind infection and bleeding (n=1) in comparison group, and bleeding (n=2) or infection (n= 1) in HR. Of the patients who were on maintenance chemotherapy in complete remission, 11 died due to infection: menigitis or meningoencephalitis (n=4), disseminated varicella (n=3), Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (n=2), and sepsis (n=2). 4) In SR group, 29 patients experienced relapse: BM(n=18), CNS(n=3), BM and CNS(n=4), and testes (n=4). Two- third (n = 19) of them relapsed between 6mo to 2yr after initial remission. In comparison graup, 20 relapsed: BM (n= 10), CNS(n=2), BM and CNS (n=3), testes (n=4), and testes and CNS(n =1), Mostly they relapsed within the first 2 years after remission. In HR group, all patients (BM 3 and CNS 1) experienced relapse from 1 yr to 1 1/2 yr after initial remission.
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A Multivariate Analysis of Prognostic Factors of 3176 Gastric Cancers
Uck Sang Zung, Chung Han Lee, Sung Uhn Baek, Kyung Hyun Choi, Seung Do Lee
J Korean Cancer Assoc. 1994;26(2):179-188.
AbstractAbstract PDF
Between l980 and 1992, 3176 consecutive patients with adenocarcinoma of stomach under-went surgical treatment at Department of Surgery, Kosin Medical College. Follow up rate was 96.5%. The overall operative mortality rate was 1.26%. The overall cumulative survival rate was 74.5% at 1 year, 62.1/ at 2 years, 56.0% at 3 years, 52.0% at 4 years, 48.8% at 5 years, and median survival time was 53 months. The cumulative survival rate of radical resection group was 90.2% at 1 year, 78.2% at 2 years, 72.8% at 3 years, 68.3% at 4 years, 63.9% at 5 years, and median survival time was 141 months. To determine the progrostic factors, 9 variables were chosen; age, sex, location of tumor, size of tumor, Borrmann type, tumor invasion, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis end stage. Survival rate was examined using Kaplan-Meier method. The prognostic factors were examined for their relationship to survival rate using Cox's Proportional Hazard Model The most important prognostic factor is distant metastasis(2.88 of hazard ratio). Other factors such as lymph node metastasis, tumor invasion, size of tumor were also important factors in gastric cancer patients. Improvement of the prognosis of stomach cancer will require early detection of gastric cancer, and more curative resection.
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The Prognostic Effects of Spleen Preservation in The Radical Total Gastrcomy
Hee Duck Kim, Chung Han Lee, Kyung Hyun Choi, Seung Do Lee, Jae Kwan Suh
J Korean Cancer Assoc. 1994;26(2):198-208.
AbstractAbstract PDF
In Gastric Cancer Surgery, an extended radical operation is common procedure, and in cases of total gastrectomy, there is a tendency to perform splenectomy at the same time. However, regarding to the prophylactic splenectamy for clearing of spleen hilar nodes the prognostic ef- fectivity is controversiaL We studied the value of spleen preservation in total gastrectomy for gastric cancer by survival rate, according to tumor stage and tumor location and by inflammatory complications. And another study was done on cellular immunity of total gastrectomy patients by T-cell subset(T3T4T5 & T4T8 Ratio) and Natural Killer cell activity changes(preoperative day and postoperative 2 months) with or without combined splenectomy. In five year survival rate of stage I and II groups, spleen preserving group(78.7%) has better prognosis than splenectomized group(70.4%) and in stage III and IV groups, 5 year survival rate of nonsplenectomized cases(30%) showed higher than that of splenectomized cases(17%). Five year survival rate of nonsplenectomized, proximal gastric cancer group(57.5%) showed significantly better than that of splenectomized group(30%). Postoperative T4/T8, ratio and NK cell activity were markedly decreased compared to preoperative ratio in the splenectomized group than the non-splenectomized and control groups. Consequently spleen preserving group group had better prognosis than splenectomized group in total gastrectomy, which may be attributable in part to reduction of cellular immunity caused by splenectomy. It seems to be desirable that accordingly prophylactic splenectomy in gastric cancer surgery should be reconsidered.
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Treatment Results of Radiation Therapy in Laryngeal Cancer
Hong Seok Jang, Sei Chul Yoon, Sei Chul Yoon, Ki Mun Kang, Chul Seung Kay, Min Sik Kim, Byung Do Suh, Hoon Kyo Kim, Kyung Shik Lee, Kyung Sub Shinn
J Korean Cancer Assoc. 1994;26(6):950-959.
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Anti-tumor Effects of extracts of Pulsatilla koreana ( SB-31 ) in vitro
Sam Yong Kim, Song Bae Kim
J Korean Cancer Assoc. 1994;26(6):959-964.
AbstractAbstract PDF
Extracts of P. koreana(SB-3l) has been tried as an antitumor agent by traditional medicine practitioner in Korea for the past 30 years. It is a specially prepared extract af P. koreana whose fractions lose efficacy compared to the original mixture. Lee" observed substantial antitumor effects and minimal toxicity of SB-31 in sarcoma 180 animal tumor model(unpublished data). For the past 5 ears, there has been dramatic though anecdotal therapeutic outcomes with SB-3l in some advanced stage cancer patients. We evaluated the in vitro antitumor effects of SB-31 against 3 kinds of gastric cancer cells, A549, HeLa and Caski, MCF7, HepG2 and Hep3B and normal mononuclear cells. Cytotoxicity ws evaluated with the Tetrazolium-based colori- metric assay(MTT) after incubation of cancer cells with SB-31. Results; in 3 gastric cancer cells, ID of SB-31 were 0.16, 0.34 and 0.53 mg/mL Most effective tumor cell kill was achieved after 96 hrs of incubation with SB-31. The ID values of SB-31 on various cancer cell lines ranged from 0.14 mg/ml to 0.27 mg/mL Keeping SB-31 ampul in room temperature up to 4 days did not affect the efficacy but the activity decreased after more than 4 days in the ambient temperature. It is concluded that SB-31 is an active antitumor agent without significanct toxicity. The mechanism of action of SB-31 and its toxicity and efficacy should be further evaluated.
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End Results of Surgical Treatment of 354 Patients with Gastric Adenocarcinoma
Kyung Suk Chung, Sung Ha Moon, Hyun Wook Shin, Young Cheol Lee, Joo Seop Kim, Bong Wha Chung, Jae Jung Lee, Chul Jae Park, Young Cheol Jeon, Myung Seok Lee, Woo Joong Kim
J Korean Cancer Assoc. 1995;27(1):28-35.
AbstractAbstract PDF
The surgical results of 354 patients with gastric adenocarcinoma treated at the Department of Surgery, Kangnam Sarced Heart Hospital, Hallym University from l984 to 1993 were report- ed. The survival rate of the 354 patients was compared with reference to categories of prognostic factors(univariate analysis) and significant factors affecting survival were identified by multivariate analysis using the Cox's proportional hazard model. The resection rate was 93.5% and the operative mortality within 1 month was 2.5%. The 5- year survival rates were 49.2% for the entire group of patients, 52.0% for patients who under-went resection, 72.3% for patients who underwent curative resection, and 18.4% for patients who underwent palliative resection. The 5-year survival rates according to the TNM stage were 85.4% for stage I, 56.0% for stage II, 38.2% for stage III, and 10.3% for stage IV. Univariate analyses showed a significant difference in survival in relation to age, primary tumor factor(T), reaional lymph node factor(N), distant metastasis factor(M), macroscopic type, size of tumor, type of operation, TNM stage and curability of surgery. Multivariate analysis using the Coxs proportional hazard model in a stepwise fashion identified a final set of three significant variab1es: curability of surgery(P=0.0002), TNM stage(P=0.0007), and macroscopic type(P=0.0008). These results suggest that continuing efforts to increase rate of less advanced cancers and curative resection with systematic lymph node dissection in advanced cancers are necessary for an improvement of the end results of surgical treatment.
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Analysis of Recurrence and Survival Rate in Early Gastric Castric Cancer Patients
Seong Kwang Chang, Nam Sun Paik, Nan Mo Moon, Ho Yoon Bang, Jong Inn Lee, Dong Wook Choi
J Korean Cancer Assoc. 1996;28(6):1021-1032.
AbstractAbstract PDF
The prognosis of surgically treated early gastric cancer(EGC) is usually excellent and the recurrence rate is quite low. From January l985 to December l993, 708 cases of EGC among 4408 cases of gastric cancer underwent gastrectomy in Korea Cancer Center Hospital. Among them 619 cases could be followed-up, and disclosed 24 cases(3.9%) of recurred EGC. 5 and 10 year survival rate in EGC exclusive of other cause of death were 95.8% and 95.4%. Mean interval between surgery and recurrence was 31.7 month and mean survival time was 40.3 month. Retrospective analysis was performed to evaluate the clinicopathological factors which relate to recurrence and survival rate. In univariated and multivariated analysis of factors, statistically significant prognostic factors are regional lymph node metastasis and macroscopically elevated type(p<0.05). Mode of recurrence in EGC was commonly hematogenous metastasis(69.7%), and frequent metastatic sites were liver, bone and lung
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Histocompatibility Antigens in Primary Gastric Carcinoma in Young Korean Adults
Tai Ho Chung, Jung Chul Kim, Da Mi Lee, Suk Joo Lee, Soo Il Chang, Wan Sik Yu, In Sun Lee
J Korean Cancer Assoc. 1996;28(6):1032-1040.
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Cancer Res Treat : Cancer Research and Treatment
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