Cancer Research and Treatment

Original Article

Efficacy of Chemotherapy Following Prior PARP-Inhibitor Treatment in Patients with Ovarian Cancer: Jung Chul Kim, Junsik Park, Yong Jae Lee, Eun Ji Nam, Sang Wun Kim, Sung-Hoon Kim, Young Tae Kim, Se Ik Kim, Jae-Weon Kim, Byoung-Gie Kim, Jung-Yun Lee; Received December 23, 2024 Accepted March 16, 2025 Published online March 19, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2024.1202 [Accepted]

Abstract PDF: Purpose
Considering the current lack of consensus on post-poly (adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase inhibitor (PARPi) treatment strategies, this study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of subsequent therapy and compare the outcomes of regimes in patients with recurrent ovarian cancer after PARPi treatment.
Materials and Methods
This multi-center retrospective cohort study analyzed data on patients diagnosed with ovarian cancer between January 2012 and June 2023 who had previously used PARPi after first- to fourth-line platinum-based chemotherapy. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS), which was the interval between recurrence after using PARPi and subsequent recurrence in the case of recurrence.
Results
Of 318 patients, 147/318 (46.2%) recurred after the PARPi maintenance. Patients were categorized into groups based on subsequent therapy except non-treated (11/147, 7.5%): platinum-based chemotherapy (89/147, 60.5%), non-platinum-based chemotherapy (21/147, 14.3%), other treatments (26/147, 17.7%), and the median PFS (mPFS) for each group were 7.3, 4.8 and 11.4 months, respectively. Among the platinum-based chemotherapy group, the gemcitabine + carboplatin regimen demonstrated a longer mPFS (10.1 months) than the other regimens (6.6 months, p=0.0194). In non-platinum-based chemotherapy, no statistically significant differences were observed among the regimens. And, in the other therapy group, where the proportion of patients with oligometastasis was as high as 88.5%, no significant differences were observed among the therapies, including other modalities.
Conclusion
In the subsequent chemotherapy of recurrent ovarian cancer after platinum-based chemotherapy and PARPi, the gemcitabine + carboplatin regimen demonstrated a potential to delay recurrence more effectively compared to other therapies.

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Special Article

Cancer Statistics in Korea: Incidence, Mortality, Survival, and Prevalence in 2022: Eun Hye Park, Kyu-Won Jung, Nam Ju Park, Mee Joo Kang, E Hwa Yun, Hye-Jin Kim, Jeong-Eun Kim, Hyun-Joo Kong, Kui Son Choi, Han-Kwang Yang, The Community of Population-Based Regional Cancer Registries; Received March 7, 2025 Accepted March 10, 2025 Published online March 11, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2025.264 [Accepted]

Abstract PDF: Purpose
The current study provides national cancer statistics and their secular trends in Korea, including incidence, mortality, survival, and prevalence in 2022, with international comparisons.
Materials and Methods
Cancer incidence, survival, and prevalence rates were calculated using the Korea National Cancer Incidence Database (1999-2022), with survival follow-up until December 31, 2023. Mortality data obtained from Statistics Korea, while international comparisons were based on GLOBOCAN data.
Results
In 2022, 282,047 newly diagnosed cancer cases (ASR, 287.0 per 100,000) and 83,378 deaths from cancer (ASR, 65.7 per 100,000) were reported. The proportion of localized-stage cancers increased from 45.6% in 2005 to 50.9% in 2022. Stomach, colorectal, and breast cancer showed increased localized-stage diagnoses by 18.1, 18.5, and 9.9 percentage points, respectively. Compared to 2001–2005, the 5-year relative survival (2018–2022) increased by 20.4 percentage points for stomach cancer, 7.6 for colorectal cancer, and 5.6 for breast cancer. Korea had the lowest cancer mortality among countries with similar incidence rates and the lowest mortality-to-incidence (M/I) ratios for these cancers. The 5-year relative survival (2018–2022) was 72.9%, contributing to over 2.59 million prevalent cases in 2022.
Conclusion
Since the launch of the National Cancer Screening Program in 2002, early detection has improved, increasing the diagnosis of localized-stage cancers and survival rates. Korea recorded the lowest M/I ratio among major comparison countries, demonstrating the effectiveness of its National Cancer Control Program.

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Original Articles

Validating the Korean Geriatric Assessment Tool in Elderly Multiple Myeloma Patients: A Multicenter Study: Ji Yun Lee, Sang-A Kim, Youngil Koh, Ho-Young Yhim, Gyeong-Won Lee, Chang-Ki Min, Young Rok Do, Hyo Jung Kim, Sung Hwa Bae, Hyeon-Seok Eom, Sung-Hoon Jung, Hyunkyung Park, Seung-Hyun Nam, Ji Hyun Lee, Sung-Hyun Kim, Hyun Jung Lee, Young Seob Park, Soo-Mee Bang; Received January 15, 2025 Accepted February 20, 2025 Published online February 21, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2025.066 [Accepted]

Abstract PDF: Purpose
This study evaluates the Korean Cancer Study Group Geriatric Score-7 (KG-7) frailty screening tool's effectiveness in elderly multiple myeloma (MM) patients to prevent under and over-treatment.
Materials and Methods
This prospective pilot cohort study included 100 elderly patients aged 70 and older with newly diagnosed MM who had not undergone transplantation from August 2020 to January 2022.
Results
The median age was 77 years, and 73% of patients were classified at International Staging System (ISS) stages 2 or 3. Using a 5-point cutoff on the KG-7 index (non-frail, score ≥ 5; frail, score < 5), 31% were categorized as frail. After a median follow-up of 26.8 months, the 3-year overall survival rate was 73.0%. There was no statistically significant association between any frailty index and the risk of death. However, frail patients defined by the simplified frailty index (HR, 2.49; 95% CI, 1.09–5.95; p=0.030) and by KG-7 (HR, 2.43; 95% CI, 1.03–5.86; p=0.043) had a significantly higher risk of grade 3–4 non-hematologic toxicity, whereas the IMWG definition did not. Over a 24-month tracking period, vulnerability as measured by KG-7 either improved or deteriorated.
Conclusion
The pilot study, which had a limited number of participants, did not demonstrate KG-7’s effectiveness in predicting survival; however, it successfully predicted severe non-hematologic toxicities. We plan to conduct larger studies in elderly MM patients to determine whether KG-7 can help tailor their treatment regimens.

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Association between Tumor Size at the Time of Disease Progression and Survival Outcomes: Chi Hoon Maeng, Bum Jun Kim, Myung-Ju Ahn, In Sil Choi, Dae Young Zang, Bo-Hyung Kim, Minji Kwon, Dae Seog Heo, Bhumsuk Keam; Received July 24, 2024 Accepted October 20, 2024 Published online October 22, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2024.690 [Epub ahead of print]

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub: Purpose
This study evaluates the prognostic significance of tumor size at disease progression (PD) and depth of response (DOR) in cancer patients.
Materials and Methods
We performed post hoc analysis using data from six prospective clinical trials conducted by the Korean Cancer Study Group. Patients with tumor size at PD was categorized into ‘Mild PD’ and ‘Significant PD’ based on the cutoff values of relative change from baseline using maximally selected rank statistics. The overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were compared between PD and DOR categories.
Results
Among the 194 evaluable patients, 130 experienced PD. A 35.48% decrease from baseline in tumor size at PD was chosen for the cutoff between mild and significant PD for OS (mild PD: tumor size from the baseline ≤ −35.48%; significant PD > −35.48%). The mild PD had superior OS compared to the significant PD (25.8 vs. 12.8 months; Hazard ratio [HR] 0.47, 95% CI 0.266-0.843, p=0.009). When using an exploratory cutoff based on whether the tumor size was below vs. exceeded from the baseline (mild PD: tumor size from the baseline ≤ 0%; significant PD > 0%), OS remained significantly longer in the mild PD (17.1 vs. 11.8 months; HR 0.60, 95% CI 0.392-0.932, p=0.021). The greatest DOR was associated with the longest OS and PFS (p<0.001 for both).
Conclusion
Tumor size at PD and DOR were significant prognostic factors for progressive disease. Maintaining a sufficiently reduced tumor size even during PD was associated with better survival outcomes.

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Presence of RB1 or Absence of LRP1B Mutation Predicts Poor Overall Survival in Patients with Gastric Neuroendocrine Carcinoma and Mixed Adenoneuroendocrine Carcinoma: In Hye Song, Bokyung Ahn, Young Soo Park, Deok Hoon Kim, Seung-Mo Hong; Received July 19, 2024 Accepted September 25, 2024 Published online September 27, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2024.667 [Epub ahead of print]

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub: Purpose
Neuroendocrine carcinomas (NECs) of the stomach are extremely rare, but fatal. However, our understanding of the genetic alterations in gastric NECs is limited. We aimed to evaluate genomic and clinicopathological characteristics of gastric NECs and mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinomas (MANECs).
Materials and Methods
Fourteen gastric NECs, three gastric MANECs, and 1,381 gastric adenocarcinomas were retrieved from the departmental next-generation sequencing database between 2017 and 2022. Clinicopathological parameters and next-generation sequencing test results were retrospectively collected and reviewed.
Results
Gastric NECs and MANECs frequently harbored alterations of TP53, RB1, SMARCA4, RICTOR, APC, TOP1, SLX4, EGFR, BRCA2, and TERT. In contrast, gastric adenocarcinomas exhibited alterations of TP53, CDH1, LRP1B, ARID1A, ERBB2, GNAS, CCNE1, NOTCH, and MYC. Mutations of AKT3, RB1, and SLX4; amplification of BRCA2 and RICTOR; and deletion of ADAMTS18, DDX11, KLRC3, KRAS, MAX, NFKBIA, NUDT7, and RB1 were significantly more frequent in gastric NECs and MANECs than in gastric adenocarcinomas. The presence of LRP1B mutation was significantly associated with longer overall survival (OS), whereas RB1 mutation and advanced TNM stage were associated with shorter OS.
Conclusion
We identified frequently mutated genes and potential predictors of survival in patients with gastric NECs and MANECs.

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Association between Levetiracetam Use and Survival in Patients with Glioblastoma: A Nationwide Population-Based Study: Yeonhu Lee, Eunyoung Lee, Tae Hoon Roh, Se-Hyuk Kim; Received April 9, 2024 Accepted September 5, 2024 Published online September 6, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2024.355 [Epub ahead of print]

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub: Purpose
This study aimed to investigate whether levetiracetam (LEV), the most used antiepileptic drug, influences survival in patients with glioblastoma (GBM), using a national database.
Materials and Methods
This study used data from the Korea Health Insurance Review and Assessment database. Patients diagnosed with GBM between 2007-2018 treated with standard therapy were included. The study population was divided into long-term (≥ 60 days) and short-term (< 30 days) LEV groups. A separate long-term valproic acid (VPA) group (≥ 60 days) was identified for comparison. Demographics, disease characteristics, and treatment parameters were collected. Kaplan-Meier method and Cox regression were used to compare survival outcomes between the groups.
Results
Overall, 2,971 patients were included, with 1,319 and 1,652 in the short-term and long-term LEV groups, respectively. The median overall survival (OS) for the entire population was 19.15 months post-surgery. Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed a significantly longer median OS in the long-term LEV group versus the short-term LEV group. After adjusting for confounders, Cox proportional hazard analysis revealed an association of long-term LEV use with improved survival, which was also observed in a subgroup analysis of patients without preoperative seizure history. The long-term LEV group demonstrated longer median OS, compared with the long-term VPA group.
Conclusion
Our nationwide population-based study found an association between long-term LEV use and improved survival in patients with GBM, regardless of preoperative seizure history. Prospective studies are needed to validate these findings and investigate the potential impact of LEV on the survival outcomes of patients with GBM.

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Association of Shorter Time to Recurrence and Recurrence-Free Survival with Transthoracic Lung Biopsy in Stage I Lung Cancer: Kum Ju Chae, Hyunsook Hong, Hyungin Park, Soon Ho Yoon; Received June 15, 2024 Accepted August 30, 2024 Published online September 2, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2024.560 [Epub ahead of print]

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub: Purpose
We aim to determine whether preoperative percutaneous needle aspiration or biopsy (PCNA/Bx) increases recurrence risk and reduces survival in stage I lung cancer patients, using a nationwide lung cancer registry.
Materials and Methods
We retrospectively included 3,452 patients diagnosed with stage I lung cancer who underwent curative surgery between 2014 and 2019, as recorded in the Korean Association of Lung Cancer Registry. To balance the characteristics of patients with and without PCNA/Bx, we applied inverse probability of treatment weighting. We used cumulative incidence plots and a weighted subdistribution hazard model to analyze time to recurrence. Recurrence-free survival and overall survival were analyzed using Kaplan-Meier curves and weighted Cox proportional hazard ratio models.
Results
In patients with adenocarcinoma, the use of PCNA/Bx was associated with a 1.9-fold increase (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.5 to 2.4) in the risk of recurrence and a 1.7-fold decrease (95% CI, 1.3 to 2.2) in recurrence-free survival. Subgroup analysis based on pathologic pleural invasion revealed that the risk of recurrence increased when PCNA/Bx was performed, with 2.1-fold (95% CI, 1.5 to 2.8) in patients without pleural invasion and 1.6-fold (95% CI, 1.0 to 2.4) in those with pleural invasion. No association was found between the use of PCNA/Bx and overall survival.
Conclusion
Preoperative PCNA/Bx was associated with increased recurrence risks in stage I adenocarcinoma, regardless of pathologic pleural invasion status. In early lung cancer cases where adenocarcinoma is strongly suspected and curative surgery is feasible, the use of transthoracic biopsy should be approached with caution.

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General

The Survival and Financial Benefit of Investigator-Initiated Trials Conducted by Korean Cancer Study Group: Bum Jun Kim, Chi Hoon Maeng, Bhumsuk Keam, Young-Hyuck Im, Jungsil Ro, Kyung Hae Jung, Seock-Ah Im, Tae Won Kim, Jae Lyun Lee, Dae Seog Heo, Sang-We Kim, Keunchil Park, Myung-Ju Ahn, Byoung Chul Cho, Hoon-Kyo Kim, Yoon-Koo Kang, Jae Yong Cho, Hwan Jung Yun, Byung-Ho Nam, Dae Young Zang; Cancer Res Treat. 2025;57(1):39-46. Published online July 10, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2024.421

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub: Purpose
The Korean Cancer Study Group (KCSG) is a nationwide cancer clinical trial group dedicated to advancing investigator-initiated trials (IITs) by conducting and supporting clinical trials. This study aims to review IITs conducted by KCSG and quantitatively evaluate the survival and financial benefits of IITs for patients.
Materials and Methods
We reviewed IITs conducted by KCSG from 1998 to 2023, analyzing progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) gains for participants. PFS and OS benefits were calculated as the difference in median survival times between the intervention and control groups, multiplied by the number of patients in the intervention group. Financial benefits were assessed based on the cost of investigational products provided.
Results
From 1998 to 2023, KCSG conducted 310 IITs, with 133 completed and published. Of these, 21 were included in the survival analysis. The analysis revealed that 1,951 patients in the intervention groups gained a total of 2,558.4 months (213.2 years) of PFS and 2,501.6 months (208.5 years) of OS, with median gains of 1.31 months in PFS and 1.58 months in OS per patient. When analyzing only statistically significant results, PFS and OS gain per patients was 1.69 months and 3.02 months, respectively. Investigational drug cost analysis from six available IITs indicated that investigational products provided to 252 patients were valued at 10,400,077,294 won (approximately 8,046,481 US dollars), averaging about 41,270,148 won (approximately 31,930 US dollars) per patient.
Conclusion
Our findings, based on analysis of published research, suggest that IITs conducted by KCSG led to survival benefits for participants and, in some studies, may have provided financial benefits by providing investment drugs.

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Pediatric cancer

The Effect of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation on Treatment Outcome in Children with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: Hee Young Ju, Na Hee Lee, Eun Sang Yi, Young Bae Choi, So Jin Kim, Ju Kyung Hyun, Hee Won Cho, Jae Kyung Lee, Ji Won Lee, Ki Woong Sung, Hong Hoe Koo, Keon Hee Yoo; Cancer Res Treat. 2025;57(1):240-249. Published online July 5, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2024.155

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub: Purpose
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) has been an important method of treatment in the advance of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). The indications for HSCT are evolving and require updated establishment. In this study, we aimed to investigate the efficacy of HSCT on the treatment outcome of pediatric ALL, considering the indications for HSCT and subgroups.
Materials and Methods
A retrospective analysis was conducted on ALL patients diagnosed and treated at a single center. Risk groups were categorized based on age at diagnosis, initial white blood cell count, disease lineage (B/T), and cytogenetic study results. Data on the patients’ disease status at HSCT and indications of HSCT were collected. Indications for HSCT were categorized as upfront HSCT at 1st complete remission, relapse, and refractory disease.
Results
Among the 549 screened patients, a total of 418 patients were included in the study; B-cell ALL (n=379) and T-cell ALL (T-ALL) (n=39). HSCT was conducted on a total of 106 patients (25.4%), with a higher frequency as upfront HSCT in higher-risk groups and specific cytogenetics. The overall survival (OS) was significantly better when done upfront than in relapsed or refractory state in T-ALL patients (p=0.002). The KMT2A-rearranged ALL patients showed superior event-free survival (p=0.002) and OS (p=0.022) when HSCT was done as upfront treatment.
Conclusion
HSCT had a substantial positive effect in a specific subset of pediatric ALL. In particular, frontline HSCT for T-ALL and KMT2A-rearranged ALL offered a better prognosis than when HSCT was conducted in a relapsed or refractory setting.

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Breast cancer

Endoxifen Concentration Is Associated with Recurrence-Free Survival in Hormone-Sensitive Breast Cancer Patients: Beomki Lee, Seok Jin Nam, Seok Won Kim, Jonghan Yu, Byung-Joo Chae, Se Kyung Lee, Jai Min Ryu, Jeong Eon Lee, Soo-Youn Lee; Cancer Res Treat. 2025;57(1):140-149. Published online June 18, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2023.1285

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub: Purpose
The metabolism of tamoxifen is influenced by various cytochrome p450 enzymes, including CYP2D6 and CYP2C19, leading to variations in the levels of endoxifen, even with the same tamoxifen dose. However, the clinical significance of endoxifen for the prognosis of breast cancer patients remains controversial. This study aimed to elucidate the relevance of endoxifen level to recurrence-free survival censored with tamoxifen discontinuation (RFSt), representing the RFS for tamoxifen itself, of breast cancer patients and determine a suitable cutoff for prognostication.
Materials and Methods
The study included 478 breast cancer patients. Tamoxifen and its metabolites, including endoxifen, were measured using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. An optimal cutoff was determined with maximally selected rank statistics. Survival analysis and Cox regression were conducted based on this cutoff.
Results
An endoxifen level of 21.00 ng/mL was the optimal cutoff for prognostication. Survival analysis revealed a statistically significant difference in RFSt between the low endoxifen group (≤ 21.00 ng/mL) and the high endoxifen group (> 21.00 ng/mL) (log-rank test, p=0.032). The 10-year probability of RFSt was 83.2% (95% confidence interval [CI], 77.0 to 89.9) and 88.3% (95% CI, 83.3 to 93.5) in the low and high endoxifen groups, respectively. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression indicated endoxifen concentration as a significant factor associated with prognosis.
Conclusion
Endoxifen could serve as a marker for appropriate tamoxifen treatment with a cutoff of 21.00 ng/mL. Based on this cutoff, therapeutic drug monitoring would benefit patients displaying suboptimal endoxifen concentrations.

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Gastrointestinal cancer

Distinct Characteristics and Changes in Liver Function of Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma Treated with Atezolizumab Plus Bevacizumab for More Than 1 Year: Youngun Kim, Jung Sun Kim, Beodeul Kang, Ilhwan Kim, Hyeyeong Kim, Won Suk Lee, Yun Beom Sang, Sanghoon Jung, Chansik An, Chan Kim, Hong Jae Chon; Cancer Res Treat. 2024;56(4):1231-1239. Published online May 27, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2024.237

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub: Purpose
Since 2020, atezolizumab plus bevacizumab (Ate/Bev) has been the standard first-line therapy for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but long-term treatment studies are limited. This study evaluated the clinical characteristics and effects of Ate/Bev for over 1 year.
Materials and Methods
This study included patients with unresectable HCC treated with first-line Ate/Bev between May 2020 and April 2022. Those receiving Ate/Bev for 1 year or more were classified as the long-term treatment group.
Results
Of 246 patients, 69 (28.0%) were in the long-term treatment group, which comprised more proportions of intrahepatic tumor burden < 25%, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group 0, and a lower proportion of portal vein tumor thrombosis than the short-term treatment group. The long-term treatment group had a higher incidence of atezolizumab-related thyroid dysfunction (31.9% vs. 10.7%, p < 0.001; median time to onset [mTTO], 2.8 months), dermatologic toxicity (29.0% vs. 14.7%, p=0.017; mTTO, 3.3 months), bevacizumab-related hypertension (44.9% vs. 22.0%, p=0.001; mTTO, 4.2 months), and proteinuria (69.6% vs. 38.4%, p < 0.001; mTTO, 6.8 months), compared to the short-term treatment group. Regarding liver function in the long-term treatment group, patients initially classified as Child-Pugh class A decreased from 87.0% to 75.4%, and albumin-bilirubin grade 1 decreased from 68.1% to 50.7% after 1 year of treatment.
Conclusion
The Ate/Bev long-term treatment group had a lower intrahepatic tumor burden, less portal vein tumor thrombosis, and better performance status and liver function at baseline. Atezolizumab-related immunological adverse events emerged relatively early in treatment compared to the bevacizumab-related. Additionally, some patients demonstrated liver function deterioration during long-term Ate/Bev treatment.

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Special Article

Cancer Statistics in Korea: Incidence, Mortality, Survival, and Prevalence in 2021: Eun Hye Park, Kyu-Won Jung, Nam Ju Park, Mee Joo Kang, E Hwa Yun, Hye-Jin Kim, Jeong-Eun Kim, Hyun-Joo Kong, Jeong-Soo Im, Hong Gwan Seo, The Community of Population-Based Regional Cancer Registries; Cancer Res Treat. 2024;56(2):357-371. Published online March 13, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2024.253

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
The current study provides national cancer statistics and their secular trends in Korea, including incidence, mortality, survival, and prevalence in 2021.
Materials and Methods
Incidence, survival, and prevalence rates of cancer were calculated using the Korea National Cancer Incidence Database, from 1999 to 2021, with survival follow-up until December 31, 2022. Deaths from cancer were assessed using causes-of-death data obtained from Statistics Korea.
Results
The number of new cancer diagnoses in 2021 increased by 27,002 cases (10.8%) compared to 2020. In 2021, newly diagnosed cancer cases and deaths from cancer were reported as 277,523 (age-standardized rate [ASR], 289.3 per 100,000) and 82,688 (ASR, 67.6 per 100,000), respectively. The overall cancer incidence rates increased by 3.3% annually from 1999 to 2012, and decreased by 5.3% from 2012 to 2015, thereafter, followed by non-significant changes. Cancer mortality rates have been decreasing since 2002, with more rapid decline in recent years (annual decrease of 2.8% from 2002 to 2013; 3.2% from 2013 to 2021). The 5-year relative survival between 2017 and 2021 was 72.1%, which contributed to prevalent cases reaching over 2.4 million in 2021.
Conclusion
In 2021, the number of newly diagnosed cancer patients increased as healthcare utilization recovered from the coronavirus disease 2019–related declines of 2020. Revised cancer registration guidelines expanded the registration scope, particularly for stomach and colorectal cancer. Survival rates have improved over the years, leading to a growing population of cancer survivors, necessitating a comprehensive cancer control strategy. The long-term impact of the pandemic on cancer statistics requires future investigation.

Citations

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Sites of Metastasis and Survival in Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma: Results From the Korean Renal Cancer Study Group Database
Chan Ho Lee, Minyong Kang, Cheol Kwak, Young Hwii Ko, Jung Kwon Kim, Jae Young Park, Seokhwan Bang, Seong Il Seo, Jungyo Suh, Wan Song, Cheryn Song, Hyung Ho Lee, Jinsoo Chung, Chang Wook Jeong, Jung Ki Jo, Seock Hwan Choi, Joongwon Choi, Changil Choi, Se
Journal of Korean Medical Science.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Evolving trends in treatment patterns for hepatocellular carcinoma in Korea from 2008 to 2022: a nationwide population-based study
Ji Won Han, Won Sohn, Gwang Hyeon Choi, Jeong Won Jang, Gi Hyeon Seo, Bo Hyun Kim, Jong Young Choi
Journal of Liver Cancer.2024; 24(2): 274. CrossRef
Redefining the role of radiation therapy in pancreatic cancer management: innovations and future directions: A narrative review
Jeong Il Yu
Precision and Future Medicine.2024; 8(3): 74. CrossRef
A 5-Year Mortality Prediction Model for Prostate Cancer Patients Based on the Korean Nationwide Health Insurance Claims Database
Joungyoun Kim, Yong-Hoon Kim, Yong-June Kim, Hee-Taik Kang
Journal of Personalized Medicine.2024; 14(10): 1058. CrossRef
Longitudinal trajectories of frailty and cognitive decline among older Korean cancer survivors
Ran Won, Heesook Son, Jeehee Han, Youn-Jung Son
Geriatric Nursing.2024; 60: 636. CrossRef
Breast Cancer Statistics in Korea, 2021
Chihwan David Cha, Chan Sub Park, Hee-Chul Shin, Jaihong Han, Jung Eun Choi, Joo Heung Kim, Kyu-Won Jung, Sae Byul Lee, Sang Eun Nam, Tae In Yoon, Young-Joon Kang, Zisun Kim, So-Youn Jung, Hyun-Ah Kim
Journal of Breast Cancer.2024; 27(6): 351. CrossRef
Tobacco Use in Korea: Current Epidemiology and Public Health Issues
Jong Eun Park, Woo Min Jeong, Ye Jin Choi, So Young Kim, Kyoung Eun Yeob, Jong Hyock Park
Journal of Korean Medical Science.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Endometrial cancer detected unusually after an ankle fracture secondary to severe anemia in an obese woman with heavy menstrual bleeding: A case report
Hyung Yoon, Tae Go, Kyung Kim, Yong Song, Dong Suh, Ki Kim
Molecular and Clinical Oncology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Updates in the 2024 Korean Thyroid Association Clinical Practice Guidelines for Differentiated Thyroid Cancer: from Diagnosis to Initial Treatment
Eun Kyung Lee
International Journal of Thyroidology.2024; 17(2): 259. CrossRef
A Case Study of Korean Medicine in Treating Worsened Esophagitis Symptoms Following Anticancer Therapy in a Patient with Esophageal Cancer
Eun-seo Kim, Soo-min Jo, Si-young Song, Geun-jeong Kim, Young-su Lee
The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine.2024; 45(5): 895. CrossRef
The Emerging Treatment of BCG (Bacillus Calmette-Guérin)-Unresponsive Non–Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer
Jong Ho Park, Jong Jin Oh
Journal of Urologic Oncology.2024; 22(3): 246. CrossRef
Adherence to the Cancer Prevention Recommendations from World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research After Cancer Diagnosis on Mortality in South Korea
Donghyun Won, Jeeyoo Lee, Sooyoung Cho, Ji Yoon Baek, Daehee Kang, Aesun Shin
Nutrients.2024; 16(23): 4049. CrossRef
Trends in Thyroid Cancer Mortality Rates in Korea: Insights from National Health Database
Won Gu Kim
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2024; 39(6): 853. CrossRef
Impact of Early Oral Feeding on Postoperative Outcomes after Elective Colorectal Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Soo Young Lee, Eon Chul Han
Digestive Surgery.2024; : 1. CrossRef
Nationwide Incidence Trends of Pediatric Parotid Malignancy in Korea and a Retrospective Analysis of Single-Institution Surgical Experience of Parotidectomy
Hyun Seong Kim, Seo Young Kim, Eun-Jae Chung, Seong Keun Kwon, Soon-Hyun Ahn, Yuh-Seog Jung, Jungirl Seok
Korean Society of Head and Neck Oncology.2024; 40(2): 7. CrossRef
Total gastrectomy patients had a lower diet volume and greater diet frequency than distal gastrectomy patients after 6 months
Ye-Ji Kim, Sang-Ho Jeong, Eun-Jung Jung, Taejin Park, Jin-Kwon Lee, Tae-Han Kim, Young-Hye Kim, Jae-Seok Min, Miyeong Park, Young-Joon Lee
Medicine.2024; 103(51): e40878. CrossRef
Quality of life outcomes in terminal cancer patients attending regional cancer centers in South Korea: protocol for a prospective cohort study
Jung hye Kwon, Jung Hun Kang, Jung-Sik Huh, Su-Jin Koh, Kyu-Hyoung Lim, Byungho Choi, Rock Bum Kim, Young Jin Choi, Eun-Kee Song, Hyun Woo Lee, Ye-Seul Kim, Se-Il Go, Hwan Jung Yun, Sun Jin Sym, Hyewon Ryu, Myung-won Lee
BMC Cancer.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Beyond survival: a comprehensive review of quality of life in rectal cancer patients
Won Beom Jung
Annals of Coloproctology.2024; 40(6): 527. CrossRef
Post-colonoscopy Colorectal Cancer: Causes and Prevention
Jong Yoon Lee
Journal of Digestive Cancer Research.2024; 12(3): 160. CrossRef

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Original Articles

Hematologic malignancy

Nation-Wide Retrospective Analysis of Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation in Patients with Multiple Myeloma: A Study from Korean Multiple Myeloma Working Party (KMM1913): Ho-Jin Shin, Do-Young Kim, Kihyun Kim, Chang-Ki Min, Je-Jung Lee, Yeung-Chul Mun, Won-Sik Lee, Sung-Nam Lim, Jin Seok Kim, Joon Ho Moon, Da Jung Kim, Soo-Mee Bang, Jong-Ho Won, Jae-Cheol Jo, Young Il Koh; Cancer Res Treat. 2024;56(3):956-966. Published online March 4, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2024.074

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Purpose
The role of allogeneic stem cell transplantation (alloSCT) in multiple myeloma (MM) treatment remains controversial. We conducted a retrospective, multicenter, nationwide study in Korea to evaluate the outcomes of alloSCT in Asian patients with MM.
Materials and Methods
Overall, 109 patients with MM who underwent alloSCT between 2003 and 2020 were included in this study. Data were collected from the Korean Multiple Myeloma Working Party Registry.
Results
The overall response rate and stringent complete response plus complete response (CR) rates were 67.0 and 46.8%, respectively, after alloSCT. At a median follow-up of 32.5 months, the 3-year probability of progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) rates were 69.3% and 71.8%, respectively. The 3-year probabilities of OS rates in the upfront alloSCT, tandem auto-alloSCT, and later alloSCT groups were 75.0%, 88.9%, and 61.1%, respectively. Patients who achieved CR before or after alloSCT had significantly longer OS (89.8 vs. 18 months and 89.8 vs. 15.2 months, respectively). Even though patients who did not achieve CR prior to alloSCT, those who achieve CR after alloSCT had improved PFS and OS compared to those who had no achievement of CR both prior and after alloSCT. Patients who underwent alloSCT with 1-2 prior treatment lines had improved PFS (22.4 vs. 4.5 months) and OS (45.6 vs. 15.3 months) compared to those with three or more prior treatment lines.
Conclusion
AlloSCT may be a promising therapeutic option especially for younger, chemosensitive patients with earlier implementation from relapse.

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Prognostic factors and treatment outcomes of allogeneic stem cell transplantation in lymphoid malignancy
Hyungsoon Kim, Haerim Chung, Hye Won Kook, Soo-Jeong Kim, Yu Ri Kim, Hyunsoo Cho, June-Won Cheong
Blood Research.2025;[Epub] CrossRef

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1 Crossref

Pediatric cancer

The Role of Early and Delayed Surgery for Infants with Congenital Brain Tumors: Jong Seok Lee, Ji Yeoun Lee, Kyung Hyun Kim, Sung-Hye Park, Eun Jung Koh, Seung-Ki Kim, Ji Hoon Phi; Cancer Res Treat. 2024;56(3):909-919. Published online December 28, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2023.1174

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub: Purpose
The present study aimed to evaluate the role of early and delayed surgery in congenital brain tumors and analyze the clinical outcomes of infantile brain tumors.
Materials and Methods
We performed a retrospective cohort study on 69 infantile brain tumors at a single institution from January 2008 to June 2023. Outcomes were assessed as early mortality (within 30 days following surgery) to evaluate the risk of early surgery in congenital brain tumors. Outcomes of recurrence and overall survival were analyzed in infantile brain tumors.
Results
Surgery-related early mortality appeared to occur in young and low-body-weight patients. Cut-off values of age and body weight were found to be 1.3 months and 5.2 kg to avoid early mortality. Three patients (3/10, 30%) showed early mortality in the early surgery group, and early mortality occurred in one patient (1/14, 7.14%) in the delayed surgery group, whose tumor was excessively enlarged. Younger age at diagnosis (< 3 months of age; hazard ratios [HR], 7.1; 95% confidence intervals [CI], 1.4 to 35.6; p=0.018) and leptomeningeal seeding (LMS; HR, 30.6; 95% CI, 3.7 to 253.1; p=0.002) were significant independent risk factors for high mortality in infantile brain tumors.
Conclusion
We suggest delaying surgery until the patient reaches 1.3 months of age and weighs over 5.2 kg with short-term imaging follow-up unless tumors grow rapidly in congenital brain tumors. Younger ages and the presence of LMS are independent risk factors for high mortality in infantile brain tumors.

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101 Download

Gastrointestinal cancer

NESC Multicenter Phase II Trial in the Preoperative Treatment of Gastric Adenocarcinoma with Chemotherapy (Docetaxel-Cisplatin-5FU+Lenograstim) Followed by Chemoradiation Based 5FU and Oxaliplatin and Surgery: Laurent Mineur, Frederi Plat, Françoise Desseigne, Gael Deplanque, Mohamed Belkacemi, Laurence Moureau-Zabotto, Carlos D. Beyrne, Khadija Jalali, Stéphane Obled, Denis Smith, Léa Vazquez, Rania Boustany; Cancer Res Treat. 2024;56(2):580-589. Published online October 5, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2023.812

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
Preoperative chemoradiation (CRT) is expected to increase the rate of curative resection and complete histological response. In this trial, we investigated the efficacy of a neoadjuvant CRT regimen in gastric adenocarcinoma (NCT01565109 trial).
Materials and Methods
Patients with stage IB to IIIC gastric adenocarcinoma, endoscopy ultrasound and computed tomography–scan diagnosed, were eligible for this phase II trial. Neoadjuvant treatment consisted of 2 cycles of chemotherapy with DCF (docetaxel, cisplatin, and 5-fluorouracil [5FU]) followed by preoperative CRT with oxaliplatin, continuous 5FU and radiotherapy (45 Gy in 25 fractions of 1.8 Gy, 5 fractions per week for 5 weeks) administered before surgery. R0-resection rate, pathological complete response (pathCR) rate, and survival (progression-free survival [PFS] and overall survival [OS]) were evaluated as primary endpoints.
Results
Among 33 patients included, 32 patients (97%) received CRT and 26 (78.8%) were resected (R0 resection for all patients resected). Among resected patients, we report pathCR in 23,1% and pathologic major response (tumor regression grade 2 according to Mandard’s classification) in 26,9%. With a median follow-up duration of 5.82 years (range, 0.4 to 9.24 years), the estimated median OS for all 33 patients was not reached; 1-, 3-, and 5-year OS rates were 85%, 61%, and 52%, respectively. Among resected patients, those whose histological response was tumor grade regression (TRG) 1-2 had significantly better OS and PFS rates than those with a TRG 3-4-5 response (p=0.019 and p=0.016, respectively).
Conclusion
Promising results from trials involving preoperative chemoradiation followed by surgery in gastric cancer need to be further evaluated in a phase III trial.

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Efficacy of Cisplatin-Containing Chemotherapy Regimens in Patients of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Obaid Ur Rehman, Eeshal Fatima, Zain Ali Nadeem, Arish Azeem, Jatin Motwani, Habiba Imran, Hadia Mehboob, Alishba Khan, Omer Usman
Journal of Gastrointestinal Cancer.2024; 55(2): 559. CrossRef
The Comparison of FLOT and DCF Regimens as Perioperative Treatment for Gastric Cancer
Gökhan Uçar, Serhat Sekmek, İrfan Karahan, Yakup Ergün, Özlem Aydın İsak, Sezai Tunç, Mutlu Doğan, Fatih Gürler, Doğan Bayram, Yusuf Açıkgöz, Selin Aktürk Esen , Burak Civelek, Fahriye Tuğba Köş , Öznur Bal, Efnan Algın, Tülay Eren, Gökşen İnanç İmamoğ
Oncology.2024; : 1. CrossRef

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2 Crossref

Pediatric cancer

Ten-Year Trends of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in Korean Pediatric Cancer from the National Health Insurance Claims Data: Hyery Kim, Hwa Jung Kim, Youngjun Jo, Su Hyun Yoon, Young Kwon Koh, Sunghan Kang, Kyung-Nam Koh, Ho Joon Im; Cancer Res Treat. 2024;56(1):294-304. Published online September 7, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2023.598

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub: Purpose
We aimed to determine the current application and survival trends of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) among Korean children and adolescents with cancer.
Materials and Methods
Data of patients aged < 20 years with KCD-10 (Korean Classifications of Diseases, 10th revision) C codes and specific designation codes were collected from the National Health Insurance Service database. Thirty claim codes for HSCT were included, and data from 2009 to 2019 were analyzed.
Results
The operational definition of pediatric cancer yielded an annual average of 2,000, with annual cases decreasing. In 2019, 221 HSCTs were performed, a decrease from the ten-year average of 276. Allografts outnumbered autografts with a ratio of 1.5:1. The source of allograft was bone marrow in 15% of patients in 2009; however, it substantially decreased to 3.3% in 2019. Furthermore, 70.5% of allogeneic HSCT used peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) grafts, which increased to 89.3% by 2015. Cord blood utilization markedly decreased to 2.7% in 2018. The 5-year overall survival (OS) rate of all patients was 85.1%. Overall mortality decreased among patients who underwent recent HSCT, and they exhibited a higher 5-year OS rate.
Conclusion
In Korea, the number of pediatric patients with cancer is declining; however, the ratio of transplants to all patients remains constant. Patients who recently underwent transplantation showed better survival rates, possibly due to HSCT optimization. Korea showed a substantially greater PBSC utilization in pediatric HSCT. An in-depth examination encompassing donor relations and cause of death with a prospective registry is required in future studies.

2,772 View
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Lung and Thoracic cancer

Aggressive Local Ablative Radiotherapy Mitigates Progression Risk in Oligometastatic Lung Adenocarcinoma: Gowoon Yang, Kyung Hwan Kim, Chang Geol Lee, Min Hee Hong, Hye Ryun Kim, Yeona Cho, Hong In Yoon; Cancer Res Treat. 2024;56(1):115-124. Published online August 29, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2023.600

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub: Purpose
This study aimed to determine the role of local ablative radiotherapy (LART) in oligometastatic/oligoprogressive lung adenocarcinoma.
Materials and Methods
Patients (n=176) with oligometastatic lung adenocarcinoma treated with LART were identified, and those treated with LART at the initial diagnosis of synchronous oligometastatic disease (OMD group) or treated with LART when they presented with repeat oligoprogression (OPD group) were included.
Results
In the OMD group (n=54), the 1- and 3-year progression-free survival (PFS) were 50.9% and 22.5%, respectively, whereas the 1- and 3-year overall survival in the OPD group were 75.9% and 58.1%, respectively. Forty-one patients (75.9%) received LART at all gross disease sites. Tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) use and all-metastatic site LART were significant predictors of higher PFS (p=0.018 and p=0.046, respectively). In patients treated with TKIs at the time of LART (n=23) and those treated with all-metastatic site LART, the 1-year PFS was 86.7%, while that of patients not treated with all-metastatic site LART was 37.5% (p=0.006). In the OPD group (n=122), 67.2% of the patients (n=82) maintained a systemic therapy regimen after LART. The cumulative incidence of changing systemic therapy was 39.6%, 62.9%, and 78.5% at 6 months, 1 year, and 2 years after LART, respectively.
Conclusion
Aggressive LART can be an option to improve survival in patients with oligometastatic disease. Patients with synchronous oligometastatic disease receiving TKI and all-metastatic site LART may have improved PFS. In patients with repeat oligoprogression, LART might potentially extend survival by delaying the need to change the systemic treatment regimen.

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187 Download

Genitourinary cancer

TNM-Based Head-to-Head Comparison of Urachal Carcinoma and Urothelial Bladder Cancer: Stage-Matched Analysis of a Large Multicenter National Cohort: Sang Hun Song, Jaewon Lee, Young Hwii Ko, Jong Wook Kim, Seung Il Jung, Seok Ho Kang, Jinsung Park, Ho Kyung Seo, Hyung Joon Kim, Byong Chang Jeong, Tae-Hwan Kim, Se Young Choi, Jong Kil Nam, Ja Yoon Ku, Kwan Joong Joo, Won Sik Jang, Young Eun Yoon, Seok Joong Yun, Sung-Hoo Hong, Jong Jin Oh; Cancer Res Treat. 2023;55(4):1337-1345. Published online April 17, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2023.417

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
Outcome analysis of urachal cancer (UraC) is limited due to the scarcity of cases and different staging methods compared to urothelial bladder cancer (UroBC). We attempted to assess survival outcomes of UraC and compare to UroBC after stage-matched analyses.
Materials and Methods
Total 203 UraC patients from a multicenter database and 373 UroBC patients in single institution from 2000 to 2018 were enrolled (median follow-up, 32 months). Sheldon stage conversion to corresponding TNM staging for UraC was conducted for head-to-head comparison to UroBC. Perioperative clinical variables and pathological results were recorded. Stage-matched analyses for survival by stage were conducted.
Results
UraC patients were younger (mean age, 54 vs. 67 years; p < 0.001), with 163 patients (80.3%) receiving partial cystectomy and 23 patients (11.3%) radical cystectomy. UraC was more likely to harbor ≥ pT3a tumors (78.8% vs. 41.8%). While 5-year recurrence-free survival, cancer-specific survival (CSS) and overall survival were comparable between two groups (63.4%, 67%, and 62.1% in UraC and 61.5%, 75.9%, and 67.8% in UroBC, respectively), generally favorable prognosis for UraC in lower stages (pT1-2) but unfavorable outcomes in higher stages (pT4) compared to UroBC was observed, although only 5-year CSS in ≥ pT4 showed statistical significance (p=0.028). Body mass index (hazard ratio [HR], 0.929), diabetes mellitus (HR, 1.921), pathologic T category (HR, 3.846), and lymphovascular invasion (HR, 1.993) were predictors of CSS for all patients.
Conclusion
Despite differing histology, UraC has comparable prognosis to UroBC with relatively favorable outcome in low stages but worse prognosis in higher stages. The presented system may be useful for future grading and risk stratification of UraC.

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Clinical Presentation and Targeted Interventions in Urachal Adenocarcinoma: A Single-Institution Case Series and Review of Emerging Therapies
Akshay Mathavan, Akash Mathavan, Rodrigo Murillo-Alvarez, Kriti Gera, Urszula Krekora, Aaron J. Winer, Mohit Mathavan, Ellery Altshuler, Brian Hemendra Ramnaraign
Clinical Genitourinary Cancer.2024; 22(1): 67. CrossRef
Robotic‐assisted approaches to urachal carcinoma: A comprehensive systematic review of the safety and efficacy outcomes
Caio Vinícius Suartz, Lucas Motta Martinez, Pedro Henrique Brito, Carlos Victori Neto, Maurício Dener Cordeiro, Luiz Antonio Assan Botelho, Fábio Pescarmona Gallucci, José Maurício Mota, William Carlos Nahas, Leopoldo Alves Ribeiro‐Filho
BJUI Compass.2024; 5(3): 327. CrossRef

3,655 View
208 Download
2 Web of Science
2 Crossref

Gastrointestinal cancer

Clinical Significance of Combining Preoperative and Postoperative Albumin-Bilirubin Score in Colorectal Cancer: Doyoun Kim, Jae-Hoon Lee, Eun-Suk Cho, Su-Jin Shin, Hye Sun Lee, Hwa-Hee Koh, Kang Young Lee, Jeonghyun Kang; Cancer Res Treat. 2023;55(4):1261-1269. Published online April 17, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2022.1444

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
Albumin-bilirubin (ALBI) score is a well-known prognostic factor for various diseases, including colorectal cancer (CRC). However, little is known about the significance of postoperative ALBI score changes in patients with CRC.
Materials and Methods
A total of 723 patients who underwent surgery were enrolled. Preoperative ALBI (ALBI-pre) and postoperative ALBI (ALBI-post) scores were divided into low and high score groups. ALBI-trend was defined as a combination of four groups comprising the low and high ALBI-pre and ALBI-post score groups. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were used to compare the overall survival (OS) between the different ALBI groups. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to examine the independent relevant factors of OS. Stratification performance was compared between the different ALBI groupings using Harrell’s concordance index (C-index).
Results
ALBI-pre, ALBI-post, and ALBI-trend score groups were significant prognostic factors of OS in the univariable analysis. However, multivariable analysis showed that ALBI-trend was an independent prognostic factor while ALBI-pre and ALBI-post were not. The C-index of ALBI-trend (0.622; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.587 to 0.655) was higher than that of ALBI-pre (0.589; 95% CI, 0.557 to 0.621; bootstrap mean difference, 0.033; 95% CI, 0.013 to 0.057) and ALBI-post (0.575; 95% CI, 0.545 to 0.605; bootstrap mean difference, 0.047; 95% CI, 0.024 to 0.074).
Conclusion
Combining ALBI-pre and ALBI-post scores is an independent prognostic factor of OS and shows superior predictive power compared to ALBI-pre or ALBI-post alone in patients with CRC.

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Comparing laboratory toxicity of selective intra-arterial radionuclide therapy for primary and metastatic liver tumors: resin versus glass microspheres
Başak Soydaş-Turan, M. Fani Bozkurt, Gonca Eldem, Bora Peynircioglu, Omer Ugur, Bilge Volkan-Salanci
Annals of Nuclear Medicine.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Assessment of the albumin-bilirubin score in breast cancer patients with liver metastasis after surgery
Li Chen, Chunlei Tan, Qingwen Li, Zhibo Ma, Meng Wu, Xiaosheng Tan, Tiangen Wu, Jinwen Liu, Jing Wang
Heliyon.2023; 9(11): e21772. CrossRef

3,506 View
180 Download
2 Web of Science
2 Crossref

Breast cancer

Efficacy of Limited Dose Modifications for Palbociclib-Related Grade 3 Neutropenia in Hormone Receptor–Positive Metastatic Breast Cancer: Seul-Gi Kim, Min Hwan Kim, Sejung Park, Gun Min Kim, Jee Hung Kim, Jee Ye Kim, Hyung Seok Park, Seho Park, Byeong Woo Park, Seung Il Kim, Jung Hwan Ji, Joon Jeong, Kabsoo Shin, Jieun Lee, Hyung-Don Kim, Kyung Hae Jung, Joohyuk Sohn; Cancer Res Treat. 2023;55(4):1198-1209. Published online April 11, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2022.1543

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
Frequent neutropenia hinders uninterrupted palbociclib treatment in patients with hormone receptor (HR)–positive breast cancer. We compared the efficacy outcomes in multicenter cohorts of patients with metastatic breast cancer (mBC) receiving palbociclib following conventional dose modification or limited modified schemes for afebrile grade 3 neutropenia.
Materials and Methods
Patients with HR-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2–negative mBC (n=434) receiving palbociclib with letrozole as first-line therapy were analyzed and classified based on neutropenia grade and afebrile grade 3 neutropenia management as follows: group 1 (maintained palbociclib dose, limited scheme), group 2 (dose delay or reduction, conventional scheme), group 3 (no afebrile grade 3 neutropenia event), and group 4 (grade 4 neutropenia event). The primary and secondary endpoints were progression-free survival (PFS) between groups 1 and 2 and PFS, overall survival, and safety profiles among all groups.
Results
During follow-up (median 23.7 months), group 1 (2-year PFS, 67.9%) showed significantly longer PFS than did group 2 (2-year PFS, 55.3%; p=0.036), maintained across all subgroups, and upon adjustment of the factors. Febrile neutropenia occurred in one and two patients of group 1 and group 2, respectively, without mortality.
Conclusion
Limited dose modification for palbociclib-related grade 3 neutropenia may lead to longer PFS, without increasing toxicity, than the conventional dose scheme.

Citations

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Efficacy and Safety of Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4/6 Inhibitors in Patients with Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials and Real-World Studies
Hui-Chen Su, Ho-Wei Lin, Ka-Wai Tam
Targeted Oncology.2025; 20(1): 71. CrossRef
Palbociclib Is Safe for Breast Cancer Patients With Mild Hepatic Impairment: A Multicenter Retrospective Study Using Real‐World Data
Alieke K. Bos, Annelieke E.C.A.B. Willemsen, Loes E. Visser, Lennart J. Stoker, Jurjen S. Kingma, Mirjam K. Rommers, Emile M. Kuck, Paul D. van der Linden, Merel van Nuland
Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics.2025; 117(4): 1115. CrossRef
Real-world effectiveness of CDK4/6i in first-line treatment of HR+/HER2− advanced/metastatic breast cancer: updated systematic review
Nadia Harbeck, Adam Brufsky, Chloe Grace Rose, Beata Korytowsky, Connie Chen, Krista Tantakoun, Endri Jazexhi, Do Hoang Vien Nguyen, Meaghan Bartlett, Imtiaz A. Samjoo, Timothy Pluard
Frontiers in Oncology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Palbociclib

Reactions Weekly.2023; 1988(1): 138. CrossRef

4,312 View
272 Download
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Prognostic Value of the Evolution of HER2-Low Expression after Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy: Youzhao Ma, Mingda Zhu, Jingyang Zhang, Minhao Lv, Xiuchun Chen, Zhenzhen Liu; Cancer Res Treat. 2023;55(4):1210-1221. Published online April 4, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2022.1633

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Purpose
Patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)–low advanced breast cancer can benefit from trastuzumab deruxtecan. Given the unclear prognostic characteristics of HER2-low breast cancer, we investigated the prognostic characteristics of HER2-low expression from primary tumor to residual disease after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT).
Materials and Methods
The data of HER2-negative patients receiving NACT at our center were collected. Pathological complete response (pCR) rate were compared between HER2-0 and HER2-low patients. The evolution of HER2 expression from primary tumor to residual disease and its impact on disease-free survival (DFS) were examined.
Results
Of the 690 patients, 494 patients had HER2-low status, of which 72.3% were hormone receptor (HR)–positive (p < 0.001). The pCR rates of HER2-low and HER2-0 patients (14.2% vs. 23.0%) showed no difference in multivariate analysis regardless of HR status. No association was observed between DFS and HER2 status. Of the 564 non-pCR patients, 57 (10.1%) changed to HER2-positive, and 64 of the 150 patients (42.7%) with HER2-0 tumors changed to HER2-low. HER2-low (p=0.004) and HR-positive (p=0.010) tumors before NACT were prone to HER2 gain. HER2 gain patients had a better DFS compared with HER2-negative maintained patients (87.9% vs. 79.5%, p=0.048), and the DFS of targeted therapy group was better than that of no targeted therapy group (92.4% vs. 66.7%, p=0.016).
Conclusion
Although HER2-low did not affect the pCR rate and DFS, significant evolution of HER2-low expression after NACT creates opportunities for targeted therapy including trastuzumab.

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Preoperative Differentiation of HER2‐Zero and HER2‐Low from HER2‐Positive Invasive Ductal Breast Cancers Using BI‐RADS MRI Features and Machine Learning Modeling
Jiejie Zhou, Yang Zhang, Haiwei Miao, Ga Young Yoon, Jinhao Wang, Yezhi Lin, Hailing Wang, Yan‐Lin Liu, Jeon‐Hor Chen, Zhifang Pan, Min‐Ying Su, Meihao Wang
Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging.2025; 61(2): 928. CrossRef
The Modified Neo-Bioscore System for Staging Breast Cancer Treated with Neoadjuvant Therapy Based on Prognostic Significance of HER2-Low Expression
Yingying Zhao, Xinru Chen, Yaohui Wang, Xueqing Zhang, Jingsong Lu, Wenjin Yin
Journal of Clinical Medicine.2024; 13(7): 1850. CrossRef
Comparison of the Pathological Complete Response Rate and Survival Between HER2-Low and HER2-Zero Breast Cancer in Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Setting: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Mei Liu, Qin Xiang, Fengsheng Dai, Yixiao Yuan, Zhongjun Wu, Tingxiu Xiang
Clinical Breast Cancer.2024; 24(7): 575. CrossRef
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy efficacy and prognosis in HER2-low and HER2-zero breast cancer patients by HR status: a retrospective study in China
Shaorong Zhao, Yuyun Wang, Angxiao Zhou, Xu Liu, Yi Zhang, Jin Zhang
PeerJ.2024; 12: e17492. CrossRef
Alteration of HER2 Status During Breast Cancer Progression: A Clinicopathological Analysis Focusing on HER2-Low Status
Kyungah Bai, Ji Won Woo, Hyun Jung Kwon, Yul Ri Chung, Koung Jin Suh, Se Hyun Kim, Jee Hyun Kim, So Yeon Park
Laboratory Investigation.2024; 104(8): 102092. CrossRef
HER2-Low Breast Cancer: Now and in the Future
Sora Kang, Sung-Bae Kim
Cancer Research and Treatment.2024; 56(3): 700. CrossRef
Stable or at least once HER2-low status during neoadjuvant chemotherapy confers survival benefit in patients with breast cancer
Yingying Zhao, Xinru Chen, Yaohui Wang, Xueqing Zhang, Yumei Ye, Shuguang Xu, Liheng Zhou, Yanping Lin, Jingsong Lu, Wenjin Yin
Annals of Medicine.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
The prognostic impact of Her2 status in early triple negative breast cancer: a Turkish Oncology Group (TOG) study
Neslihan Özyurt, Ali Alkan, Burcu Gülbağcı, Mustafa Seyyar, Esra Aşık, Mustafa Şahbazlar, Mehmet Türker, Oğuzcan Kınıkoğlu, Tahir Yerlikaya, Gülhan Dinç, Ali Aytaç, Ziya Kalkan, Senar Ebinç, İlkay Gültürk, Merve Keskinkılıç, Zehra Sucuoğlu İşleyen, Dilek
Scientific Reports.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Prognostic implications of HER2 changes after neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with HER2-zero and HER2-low breast cancer
Sora Kang, So Heun Lee, Hee Jin Lee, Hyehyun Jeong, Jae Ho Jeong, Jeong Eun Kim, Jin-Hee Ahn, Kyung Hae Jung, Gyungyub Gong, Hak Hee Kim, Saebyeol Lee, Jongwon Lee, Sung-Bae Kim
European Journal of Cancer.2023; : 112956. CrossRef

3,800 View
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Gastrointestinal cancer

The Oncologic Implications of Tumor Multiplicity in Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma: Its Prognostic Value Might Be Underestimated: So Jeong Yoon, Sunghae Park, Hongbeom Kim, Sang Hyun Shin, Jin Seok Heo, Jinsoo Rhu, Gyu-Seong Choi, Jong Man Kim, Jae-Won Joh, In Woong Han; Cancer Res Treat. 2023;55(3):948-955. Published online February 27, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2023.290

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Purpose
In the latest staging system of the American Joint Committee on Cancer for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (IHCCC), solitary tumors with vascular invasion and multiple tumors are grouped together as T2. However, recent studies report that multifocal IHCCC has a worse prognosis than a single lesion. This study aimed to investigate the risk factors for IHCCC and explore the prognostic significance of multiplicity after surgical resection.
Materials and Methods
A total of 257 patients underwent surgery for IHCCC from 2010 to 2019 and the clinicopathological data were retrospectively reviewed. Risk factor analysis was performed to identify variables associated with survival after resection. Survival outcomes were compared between patients with solitary and multiple tumors.
Results
In multivariable analysis, the presence of preoperative symptoms, tumor size, lymph node ratio, multiplicity, and tumor differentiation were identified as risk factors for survival. Among 82 patients with T2, overall survival was significantly longer in patients with solitary tumors (sT2) than in those with multiple tumors (mT2) (p=0.017). Survival was compared among patients with stage II-sT2, stage II-mT2, and stage III. The stage II-sT2 group showed prolonged survival when compared with stage II-mT2 or stage III. Survivals of stage II-mT2 and stage III patients were not statistically different.
Conclusion
Tumor multiplicity was an independent risk factor for overall survival of IHCCC after surgical resection. Patients with multiple tumors showed poorer survival than patients with a single tumor. The oncologic significance of multiplicity in IHCCC should be reappraised and reflected in the next staging system update.

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Perihilar and Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma after Resection: Clinicopathological Characteristics, Outcomes, and Implications for Addition of Chemoradiotherapy
Amar Mukund, Namita Sharma, Ankur Jindal, Archana Sharma, Ajay Gupta, Guresh Kumar, Archana Rastogi, Puja Sahai, Nilesh S Patil, Nihar Mohapatra, Karthika Rudrakumar, Viniyendra Pamecha, Hanuman P Yadav
Euroasian journal of hepato-gastroenterology.2024; 14(2): 134. CrossRef

3,484 View
214 Download
1 Crossref

One-Week versus Two-Week Chemoradiotherapy Followed by Curative Surgery in Rectal Cancer: Long-Term Comparative Pooled Analysis of Two Prospective Multicenter Phase II Trials: Soo-Yoon Sung, Dae Yong Kim, Hong Seok Jang, Tae Hyun Kim, Hee Chul Park, Eui Kyu Chie, Taek-Keun Nam, Sung Hwan Kim, Jong Hoon Lee; Cancer Res Treat. 2023;55(3):918-926. Published online February 27, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2022.1646

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub: Purpose
The optimal short-course chemotherapeutic regimen for rectal cancer has not been clearly defined until now. KROG 10-01 and KROG 11-02 prospective trials investigated the efficacy and safety of 1- and 2-week chemoradiotherapy (CRT), respectively.
Materials and Methods
Patients eligible for KROG 10-01 and KROG 11-02 involved those with clinical T3-4N0-2M0 rectal cancers. They received preoperative CRT and total mesorectal excision. Patients in KROG 10-01 received radiation of 25 Gy in 5 fractions during 1 week with 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin. Patients in KROG 11-02 received radiation of 33 Gy in 10 fractions for 2 weeks with oral capecitabine.
Results
A total of 150 patients consisting of 70 patients from KROG 10-01 and 80 patients from KROG 11-02 were collectively analyzed. With a median follow-up time of 89.2 months, the 5-year overall survival rate was 86.5% in 1-week CRT and 85.3% in 2-week CRT (p=0.841). The 5-year recurrence-free survival rate was 83.5% in 1-week CRT and 77.1% in 2-week CRT (p=0.448). One patient (1.4%) in 1-week CRT and 11 patients (13.8%) in 2-week CRT exhibited pathologic complete regression (ypT0N0M0) after radiotherapy (p=0.006). One-week CRT had significantly higher acute hematologic (12.8% vs. 3.8%, p=0.040) and nonhematologic (38.6% vs. 16.3%, p=0.002) toxicity than 2-week CRT.
Conclusion
Both 1- and 2-week schedules of CRT showed favorable survival outcomes after 7 years of follow-up. But, 2-week course achieved more increased tumor response and decreased acute toxicity than 1-week course.

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Lung and Thoracic cancer

EGFR Mutation–Positive Unresectable Stage III Non-Squamous Lung Cancer Is Associated with a High Incidence of Brain Metastasis: Hongsik Kim, Sehhoon Park, Hyun Ae Jung, Jong-Mu Sun, Se-Hoon Lee, Jin Seok Ahn, Myung-Ju Ahn; Cancer Res Treat. 2023;55(2):498-505. Published online October 4, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2022.388

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Purpose
The impact of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation in locally advanced non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains controversial. This study was conducted to investigate the clinical outcomes and recurrence patterns after definitive chemoradiotherapy (CRT) in patients with unresectable stage III non-squamous-cell lung cancer according to EGFR mutation status.
Materials and Methods
We retrospectively reviewed 604 patients with pathologically confirmed stage III NSCLC who were treated with definitive CRT and were examined for EGFR mutation at Samsung Medical Center, Korea, from January 2013 to December 2018. Among them, we identified 236 patients with stage III non-squamous-cell lung cancer who were treated with definitive CRT and were examined for EGFR mutation status. We analyzed the frequency of EGFR mutation, progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), objective response rate (ORR), and recurrence pattern.
Results
Among 236 patients, EGFR mutation was detected in 71 patients (30.1%) and the median follow-up duration was 41.7 months. There were no significant differences in PFS (9.9 vs. 10.9 months, p=0.236), and ORR to CRT (93.0% vs. 90.3%, p=0.623) according to EGFR mutation status. However, the EGFR mutant group showed significantly higher recurrence (88.7% vs. 75.2%, p=0.022), distant metastasis (76.1% vs. 61.2%, p=0.036) rates, especially brain (38.0% vs. 12.7%, p < 0.001), and better median OS (59.2 vs. 41.3 months, p=0.037) compared with patients without EGFR mutation.
Conclusion
Patients with EGFR mutation–positive unresectable stage III non-squamous lung cancer exhibited higher recurrence and distant metastasis rates, especially brain metastasis.

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TFAP2A facilitates the metastasis and radioresistance of esophageal cancer by promoting EGFR transcription
Jinjin Yuan, Junqi Liu, Ruitai Fai, Zongwen Liu
Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Prognostic Factors in Postoperative Brain Metastases Derive From Non-small Cell Lung Cancer: A Retrospective Analysis
Haibin Chen, Liang Sun, Zhi Yang, Yuanyuan Qu, Nanyang Tong, Caixing Sun, Liang Xia
Clinical Medicine Insights: Oncology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Brain metastasis screening in the molecular age
Joanna K Tabor, Amanda Onoichenco, Vinayak Narayan, A Gabriella Wernicke, Randy S D’Amico, Morana Vojnic
Neuro-Oncology Advances.2023;[Epub] CrossRef

4,866 View
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3 Crossref

Gynecologic cancer

Effect of BRCA1/2 Mutational Status on Survival Outcomes According to Secondary Cytoreductive Surgery and Maintenance Therapy in Platinum-Sensitive Relapsed Ovarian Cancer: A Real-World Evidence Study: Se Ik Kim, Hyunji Lim, Hee Seung Kim, Hyun Hoon Chung, Jae-Weon Kim, Noh Hyun Park, Yong-Sang Song, Maria Lee; Cancer Res Treat. 2023;55(1):245-257. Published online July 19, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2022.232

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub: Purpose
This study aimed to investigate the impact of BRCA1/2 mutational status on survival outcomes in patients with platinum-sensitive relapsed (PSR) epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC).
Materials and Methods
We retrospectively identified patients who received secondary treatment for PSR EOC at our institution between January 2007 and June 2021 and who underwent BRCA1/2 gene testing by either germline or somatic methods. The association between BRCA1/2 mutational status and survival outcomes was evaluated. Both secondary cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and maintenance therapy were stratified considering real-world clinical practice.
Results
Of 262 patients, 91 (34.7%) and 171 (65.3%) were assigned to BRCA1/2 mutation and wild-type groups, respectively. The two groups had similar proportions of patients undergoing secondary CRS (26.4% vs. 32.7%, p=0.286) and maintenance therapy (54.9% vs. 46.2%, p=0.178). Overall, no differences in progression-free survival (PFS; median, 19.7 vs. 15.1 months, p=0.120) and overall survival (OS; p=0.400) were observed between the two groups. In multivariate analyses, BRCA1/2 mutational status was not associated with PFS (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.816; 95% confidence interval, 0.596 to 1.119; p=0.207). BRCA1/2 mutational status did not affect PFS among patients who underwent secondary CRS (n=80) and among those who did not (n=182) (p=0.074 and p=0.222, respectively). PFS did not differ in the BRCA1/2 mutational status among the patients who received bevacizumab maintenance (n=90, p=0.992).
Conclusion
In this real-world evidence study, BRCA1/2 mutational status itself was not associated with PFS and OS in PSR EOC, which was consistent with whether secondary CRS or not and with bevacizumab maintenance.

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Lung and Thoracic cancer

Five-Year Overall Survival and Prognostic Factors in Patients with Lung Cancer: Results from the Korean Association of Lung Cancer Registry (KALC-R) 2015: Da Som Jeon, Ho Cheol Kim, Se Hee Kim, Tae-Jung Kim, Hong Kwan Kim, Mi Hyung Moon, Kyongmin Sarah Beck, Yang-Gun Suh, Changhoon Song, Jin Seok Ahn, Jeong Eun Lee, Jeong Uk Lim, Jae Hyun Jeon, Kyu-Won Jung, Chi Young Jung, Jeong Su Cho, Yoo-Duk Choi, Seung-Sik Hwang, Chang-Min Choi, Korean Association for Lung Cancer, Korea Central Cancer Registry; Cancer Res Treat. 2023;55(1):103-111. Published online June 20, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2022.264

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
This study aimed to provide the clinical characteristics, prognostic factors, and 5-year relative survival rates of lung cancer diagnosed in 2015.
Materials and Methods
The demographic risk factors of lung cancer were calculated using the KALC-R (Korean Association of Lung Cancer Registry) cohort in 2015, with survival follow-up until December 31, 2020. The 5-year relative survival rates were estimated using Ederer II methods, and the general population data used the death rate adjusted for sex and age published by the Korea Statistical Information Service from 2015 to 2020.
Results
We enrolled 2,657 patients with lung cancer who were diagnosed in South Korea in 2015. Of all patients, 2,098 (79.0%) were diagnosed with non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and 345 (13.0%) were diagnosed with small cell lung cancer (SCLC), respectively. Old age, poor performance status, and advanced clinical stage were independent risk factors for both NSCLC and SCLC. In addition, the 5-year relative survival rate declined with advanced stage in both NSCLC (82%, 59%, 16%, 10% as the stage progressed) and SCLC (16%, 4% as the stage progressed). In patients with stage IV adenocarcinoma, the 5-year relative survival rate was higher in the presence of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation (19% vs. 11%) or anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) translocation (38% vs. 11%).
Conclusion
In this Korean nationwide survey, the 5-year relative survival rates of NSCLC were 82% at stage I, 59% at stage II, 16% at stage III, and 10% at stage IV, and the 5-year relative survival rates of SCLC were 16% in cases with limited disease, and 4% in cases with extensive disease.

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The Role of Adjuvant Therapy Following Surgical Resection of Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Multi-Center Study: Seong Yong Park, Samina Park, Geun Dong Lee, Hong Kwan Kim, Sehoon Choi, Hyeong Ryul Kim, Yong-Hee Kim, Dong Kwan Kim, Seung-Il Park, Tae Hee Hong, Yong Soo Choi, Jhingook Kim, Jong Ho Cho, Young Mog Shim, Jae Ill Zo, Kwon Joong Na, In Kyu Park, Chang Hyun Kang, Young-Tae Kim, Byung Jo Park, Chang Young Lee, Jin Gu Lee, Dae Joon Kim, Hyo Chae Paik; Cancer Res Treat. 2023;55(1):94-102. Published online June 9, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2022.290

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
This multi-center, retrospective study was conducted to evaluate the long-term survival in patients who underwent surgical resection for small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and to identify the benefit of adjuvant therapy following surgery.
Materials and Methods
The data of 213 patients who underwent surgical resection for SCLC at four institutions were retrospectively reviewed. Patients who received neoadjuvant therapy or an incomplete resection were excluded.
Results
The mean patient age was 65.29±8.93 years, and 184 patients (86.4%) were male. Lobectomies and pneumonectomies were performed in 173 patients (81.2%), and 198 (93%) underwent systematic mediastinal lymph node dissections. Overall, 170 patients (79.8%) underwent adjuvant chemotherapy, 42 (19.7%) underwent radiotherapy to the mediastinum, and 23 (10.8%) underwent prophylactic cranial irradiation. The median follow-up period was 31.08 months (interquartile range, 13.79 to 64.52 months). The 5-year overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival were 53.4% and 46.9%, respectively. The 5-year OS significantly improved after adjuvant chemotherapy in all patients (57.4% vs. 40.3%, p=0.007), and the survival benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy was significant in patients with negative node pathology (70.8% vs. 39.7%, p=0.004). Adjuvant radiotherapy did not affect the 5-year OS (54.6% vs. 48.5%, p=0.458). Age (hazard ratio [HR], 1.032; p=0.017), node metastasis (HR, 2.190; p < 0.001), and adjuvant chemotherapy (HR, 0.558; p=0.019) were associated with OS.
Conclusion
Adjuvant chemotherapy after surgical resection in patients with SCLC improved the OS, though adjuvant radiotherapy to the mediastinum did not improve the survival or decrease the locoregional recurrence rate.

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Special Article

Cancer Statistics in Korea: Incidence, Mortality, Survival, and Prevalence in 2019: Mee Joo Kang, Young-Joo Won, Jae Jun Lee, Kyu-Won Jung, Hye-Jin Kim, Hyun-Joo Kong, Jeong-Soo Im, Hong Gwan Seo, The Community of Population-Based Regional Cancer Registries; Cancer Res Treat. 2022;54(2):330-344. Published online March 16, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2022.128

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
The current study provides national cancer statistics and their secular trends in Korea, including incidence, mortality, survival, and prevalence in 2019.
Materials and Methods
Incidence, survival, and prevalence rates of cancer were calculated using the Korea National Cancer Incidence Database, from 1999 to 2019, with survival follow-up until December 31, 2020. Deaths from cancer were assessed using causes-of-death data obtained from Statistics Korea.
Results
In 2019, newly diagnosed cancer cases and deaths from cancer were reported as 254,718 (ASR, 275.4 per 100,000) and 81,203 (ASR, 72.2 per 100,000), respectively. For the first time, lung cancer (n=29,960) became the most frequent cancer in Korea, excluding thyroid cancer. The overall cancer incidence rates increased by 3.3% annually from 1999 to 2012, and decreased by 5.3% annually from 2012 to 2015, thereafter, followed by nonsignificant changes. The incidence of thyroid cancer increased again from 2016 (annual percentage change, 6.2%). Cancer mortality rates have been decreasing since 2002, with more rapid decline in recent years (annual decrease of 2.7% from 2002 to 2013; 3.3% from 2013 to 2019). The 5-year relative survival between 2015 and 2019 was 70.7%, which contributed to prevalent cases reaching over 2 million in 2019.
Conclusion
Cancer survival rates have improved over the past decades, but the number of newly diagnosed cancers is still increasing, with some cancers showing only marginal improvement in survival outcomes. As the number of cancer survivors increases, a comprehensive cancer control strategy should be implemented in line with the changing aspects of cancer statistics.

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Real-world safety and effectiveness of lenvatinib in unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma in Korea: post-marketing study
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Post-Treatment Experiences of Reproductive Concerns Among Young Breast Cancer Survivors: A Descriptive Phenomenological Study
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Development and Feasibility Evaluation of Smart Cancer Care 2.0 Based on Patient-Reported Outcomes for Post-Discharge Management of Patients with Cancer
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Validation of self-reported morbidities in the Korean Atomic Bomb Survivor Cohort
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Underuse of Gastric Cancer Screening Services among Koreans with Type 2 Diabetes
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Quality Assessment and Trend for Breast Cancer Treatment Practice across South Korea Based on Nationwide Analysis of Korean Health Insurance Data during 2013-2017
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Patterns and Longitudinal Changes in the Practice of Breast Cancer Radiotherapy in Korea: Korean Radiation Oncology Group 22-01
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National Cancer Control Plan of the Korea: Current Status and the Fourth Plan (2021-2025)
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Breast Cancer Statistics in Korea, 2019
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Early-onset stroke among people with disabilities: a national database study in South Korea from 2008 to 2017
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The Korean Journal of Helicobacter and Upper Gastrointestinal Research.2023; 23(2): 151. CrossRef
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Significance of The Regular Publication of Statistics on National Health Indicators in Academic Journals and The Prospects of Korea National Antimicrobial Use Analysis System (KONAS)
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The incidence and risk factors of occult malignancy in patients receiving vaginal hysterectomy for pelvic organ prolapse
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Overview of the National Cancer Screening Program for Colorectal Cancer in Korea over 14 Years (2004-2017)
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Right Then, Wrong Now: Early-Onset Colorectal Cancer in Korea
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Single-center study on clinicopathological and typical molecular pathologic features of metastatic brain tumor
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Changes in spatial clusters of cancer incidence and mortality over 15 years in South Korea: Implication to cancer control
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Factors Associated with Dietary Habit Changes in Korean Stomach Cancer Survivors after Cancer Treatment
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Racial differences in long-term social, physical, and psychological health among adolescent and young adult cancer survivors
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Changes in metabolic syndrome and the risk of breast and endometrial cancer according to menopause in Korean women
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Operational Definitions of Colorectal Cancer in the Korean National Health Insurance Database
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Thromboembolic events in patients who received adjuvant chemotherapy for gastric cancer: a single-center retrospective study
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Edible mushroom intake and risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality: results from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES) Cohort
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Risk of Subsequent Primary Cancer in Thyroid Cancer Survivors: A Nationwide Population-Based Study
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Diagnostics.2023; 13(18): 2903. CrossRef
The effect of the introduction of the national lung cancer screening program on short-term mortality in Korea
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The role of LOXL2 induced by glucose metabolism-activated NF-κB in maintaining drug resistance through EMT and cancer stemness in gemcitabine-resistant PDAC
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Analysis of the Spread of Misinformation about Lung Cancer on YouTube: Based on Source of Information
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Korean Journal of Family Practice.2023; 13(3): 152. CrossRef
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Clinical implications of RAB13 expression in pan-cancer based on multi-databases integrative analysis
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Rigid bronchoscopic intervention for malignant central airway obstruction: A narrative review
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Optimal Cutoff Values of the Contact Angle of Tumor on Sonography System for Predicting Extrathyroidal Extension of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma by Tumor Location
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Increased Screening Rates for Thyroid Cancer Among Residents Living Near Nuclear Power Plants
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Final Report on Real-World Effectiveness of Sequential Afatinib and Osimertinib in EGFR-Positive Advanced Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Updated Analysis of the RESET Study
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Knowledge mapping of immunotherapy for thyroid cancer from 1980 to 2022: A review
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Alzheimer’s Disease and Different Types of Cancer Likelihood: Unveiling Disparities and Potential Protective Effects in a Korean Cohort Study
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Health Behaviors of Cancer Survivors According to the Employment Status and Occupation: A Cross-Sectional Study
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Original Articles

Breast cancer

Clinical Evidence of Chemotherapy or Endocrine Therapy Maintenance in Patients with Metastatic Breast Cancer: Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials and Propensity Score Matching of Multicenter Cohort Study: Wei Ren, Yunfang Yu, Huangming Hong, Ying Wang, Quanlong Gao, Yongjian Chen, Peixian Chen, Jianli Zhao, Qiyun Ou, Dagui Lin, Tuping Fu, Yujie Tan, Chenchen Li, Xinxin Xie, Guolin Ye, Jun Tang, Herui Yao; Cancer Res Treat. 2022;54(4):1038-1052. Published online February 4, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2021.698

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
This study aims to comprehensively evaluate the clinical efficacy of chemotherapy or endocrine therapy maintenance in metastatic breast cancer (MBC) patients.
Materials and Methods
The meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) and propensity score matching of multicenter cohort study evaluated MBC patients who underwent first-line chemotherapy or endocrine therapy maintenance. This study is registered with PROSPERO: CRD42017071858 and ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04258163.
Results
A total of 2,867 patients from 15 RCTs and 760 patients from multicenter cohort were included. The results from meta-analysis showed that chemotherapy maintenance improved progression-free survival (PFS) (hazard ratio [HR], 0.63; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.54 to 0.73; p < 0.001; moderate-quality evidence) and overall survival (OS) (HR, 0.87; 95% CI 0.78 to 0.97; p=0.016; high-quality evidence) than observation. In the cohort study, for hormone receptor–positive MBC patients, chemotherapy maintenance improved PFS (HR, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.52 to 0.85; p < 0.001) and OS (HR, 0.55; 95% CI 0.42 to 0.73; p < 0.001) compared with observation, and endocrine therapy maintenance also improved PFS (HR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.53 to 0.80; p < 0.001) and OS (HR, 0.55; 95% CI, 0.44 to 0.69; p < 0.001). There were no differences between chemotherapy and endocrine therapy maintenance in PFS and OS (all p > 0.05). Regardless of the continuum or switch maintenance therapy, showed prolonged survival in MBC patients who were response to first-line treatment.
Conclusion
This study provided evidences for survival benefits of chemotherapy and endocrine therapy maintenance in MBC patients, and there was no difference efficacy between chemotherapy and endocrine therapy maintenance for hormone receptor–positive patients.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

6th and 7th International consensus guidelines for the management of advanced breast cancer (ABC guidelines 6 and 7)
Fatima Cardoso, Shani Paluch-Shimon, Eva Schumacher-Wulf, Leonor Matos, Karen Gelmon, Matti S. Aapro, Jyoti Bajpai, Carlos H. Barrios, Jonas Bergh, Elizabeth Bergsten-Nordström, Laura Biganzoli, Maria João Cardoso, Lisa A. Carey, Mariana Chavez-MacGregor,
The Breast.2024; 76: 103756. CrossRef
Maintenance endocrine therapy plus bevacizumab for advanced or metastatic breast cancer
Stanislas Quesada, William Jacot
The Lancet Oncology.2022; 23(5): 557. CrossRef

5,942 View
162 Download
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Gynecologic cancer

Genomic Correlates of Unfavorable Outcome in Locally Advanced Cervical Cancer Treated with Neoadjuvant Chemoradiation: Yuchun Wei, Chuqing Wei, Liang Chen, Ning Liu, Qiuxiang Ou, Jiani C. Yin, Jiaohui Pang, Zhenhao Fang, Xue Wu, Xiaonan Wang, Dianbin Mu, Yang Shao, Jinming Yu, Shuanghu Yuan; Cancer Res Treat. 2022;54(4):1209-1218. Published online January 17, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2021.963

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
Neoadjuvant therapy modality can increase the operability rate and mitigate pathological risks in locally advanced cervical cancer, but treatment response varies widely. It remains unclear whether genetic alterations correlate with the response to neoadjuvant therapy and disease-free survival (DFS) in locally advanced cervical cancer.
Materials and Methods
A total of 62 locally advanced cervical cancer (stage IB-IIA) patients who received neoadjuvant chemoradiation plus radical hysterectomy were retrospectively analyzed. Patients’ tumor biopsy samples were comprehensively profiled using targeted next generation sequencing. Pathologic response to neoadjuvant treatment and DFS were evaluated against the association with genomic traits.
Results
Genetic alterations of PIK3CA were most frequent (37%), comparable to that of Caucasian populations from The Cancer Genome Atlas. The mutation frequency of genes including TERT, POLD1, NOS2, and FGFR3 was significantly higher in Chinese patients whereas RPTOR, EGFR, and TP53 were underrepresented in comparison to Caucasians. Germline mutations were identified in 21% (13/62) of the cohort and more than half (57%) had mutations in DNA damage repair genes, including BRCA1/2, TP53 and PALB2. Importantly, high tumor mutation burden, TP53 polymorphism (rs1042522), and KEAP1 mutations were found to be associated with poor pathologic response to neoadjuvant chemoradiation treatment. KEAP1 mutations, PIK3CA-SOX2 co-amplification, TERC copy number gain, and TYMS polymorphism correlated with an increased risk of disease relapse.
Conclusion
We report the genomic profile of locally advanced cervical cancer patients and the distinction between Asian and Caucasian cohorts. Our findings highlight genomic traits associated with unfavorable neoadjuvant chemoradiation response and a higher risk of early disease recurrence.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Comprehensive characterization of PKHD1 mutation in human colon cancer
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Cancer Medicine.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
PBRM1 presents a potential ctDNA marker to monitor response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in cervical cancer
Wenhan Li, Yuhui Huang, Man Xiao, Jing Zhao, Shi Du, Zehua Wang, Sha Hu, Lu Yang, Jing Cai
iScience.2024; 27(3): 109160. CrossRef
Comprehensive genomic profiling of pulmonary spindle cell carcinoma using tissue and plasma samples: insights from a real‐world cohort analysis
Yi Sun, Shilei Qin, Song Wang, Jiaohui Pang, Qiuxiang Ou, Weiquan Liang, Hai Zhong
The Journal of Pathology: Clinical Research.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
PD-1 inhibitor plus concurrent chemoradiotherapy for high-risk locally advanced cervical cancer
Cong Wang, Lijun Liu, Xia Li, Jia Lei, Yiqian Li, Zhibo Shen, Huirong Shi, Yan Cheng
Future Oncology.2024; 20(20): 1415. CrossRef
A biomarker exploration in small-cell lung cancer for brain metastases risk and prophylactic cranial irradiation therapy efficacy
Li Li, Ning Liu, Tao Zhou, Xueting Qin, Xiaoyu Song, Song Wang, Jiaohui Pang, Qiuxiang Ou, Yong Wang, Dexian Zhang, Jiaran Li, Fuhao Xu, Shuming Shi, Jinming Yu, Shuanghu Yuan
Lung Cancer.2024; 196: 107959. CrossRef
Prospects of POLD1 in Human Cancers: A Review
Michał Gola, Przemysław Stefaniak, Janusz Godlewski, Barbara Jereczek-Fossa, Anna Starzyńska
Cancers.2023; 15(6): 1905. CrossRef
Copy-number-gain of telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) is associated with an unfavorable prognosis in esophageal adenocarcinoma
Su Ir Lyu, Felix C. Popp, Adrian Georg Simon, Anne Maria Schultheis, Thomas Zander, Caroline Fretter, Wolfgang Schröder, Christiane J. Bruns, Thomas Schmidt, Alexander Quaas, Karl Knipper
Scientific Reports.2023;[Epub] CrossRef

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