Cancer Research and Treatment

Original Articles

Impact of Metabolic Syndrome on Risk of Lung Cancer among Korean Never-Smokers: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study: Sung Woo Moon, Jiyeong Kim, Dong-Woo Han, Dong Won Park; Received January 31, 2026 Accepted July 29, 2026 Published online July 30, 2026; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2026.0116 [Accepted]

Abstract PDF: Purpose
To determine the association between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and lung cancer risk in a large population-based cohort of never-smokers in Korea.
Materials and Methods
Using the Korean National Health Insurance Service database, we identified adults who underwent national health screening in 2009 and consistently reported their never-smoker status at baseline and subsequent examinations. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) for lung cancer incidence, adjusting for age, sex, body mass index (BMI), physical activity, residential area, income, and alcohol consumption. Analyses were further stratified according to sex and BMI.
Results
Overall, 2,721,804 never-smokers were followed up for a mean of 14.0 years. The incidence of lung cancer was higher among participants with MetS than those without (adjusted HR: 1.04, 95% CI: 1.01–1.07). MetS was significantly associated with lung cancer risk in men (HR: 1.18, 95% CI 1.11–1.25) but not in women (HR: 1.03, 95% CI 0.99–1.07), with the risk evident in normal-weight and pre-obese men but, in women, mainly in those with obesity (HR: 1.10, 95% CI 1.03–1.16).
Conclusion
MetS was associated with a modest increase in the risk of lung cancer among Korean never-smokers, showing a significant association among men but not women. MetS risk was evident even among normal-weight men, whereas among women, it was more pronounced in those with obesity. These findings suggest that metabolic abnormalities, relatively underrecognized as cancer-related risk factors, could contribute to the risk of lung cancer, even in the absence of tobacco exposure.

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Treatment Outcome of Children with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia According to Risk-Group Stratification: A Single Institution Experience: Juyeon Lee, Young Bae Choi, Hyun Joo Jung, Jun Eun Park; Received April 20, 2026 Accepted July 11, 2026 Published online July 15, 2026; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2026.0421 [Accepted]

Abstract PDF: Purpose
Outcomes of children and adolescents with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) treated using an institutional risk-adapted strategy were assessed, and survival was compared among risk groups.
Materials and Methods
This retrospective study included patients newly diagnosed with ALL during 2006–2020. Patients were stratified as standard-risk (SR), high-risk (HR), or very-high-risk (VHR). The SR group received a POG 9605-based protocol in 2006–2011 and a modified regimen with an additional delayed intensification phase in 2012–2020. The HR group received the ALL 0601 regimen, and the VHR group received institutional hematopoietic stem cell transplantation-oriented treatment.
Results
Ninety-two patients were included (SR, 34; HR, 45; and VHR, 13). The 10-year overall survival (OS) and event-free survival (EFS) were 85.2% and 70.9%, with cumulative incidences of relapse and treatment-related mortality of 22.6% and 3.3%, respectively. The 10-year OS was 92.8%, 88.7%, and 60.9% in the SR, HR, and VHR groups, and the corresponding 10-year EFS was 78.5%, 77.2%, and 34.2%, respectively. In SR, 10-year OS/EFS were 85.1%/71.4% in 2006–2011 and 100%/84.4% in 2012–2020. In the HR group, rapid early responders exhibited significantly better outcomes than did slow early responders, with 10-year OS of 97.0% vs. 63.6% (p = 0.001) and 10-year EFS of 87.9% vs. 43.6% (p < 0.001). Most relapses occurred during therapy or within 3 years of treatment completion.
Conclusion
VHR patients and HR patients with slow early response demonstrated the poorest outcomes. This supports refining risk-directed treatment strategies, including prospective evaluation of intensified and novel therapeutic approaches.

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Comprehensive Driver Mutation Landscape of DLBCL Informed by Integrated Tissue and Circulating DNA Analyses: Han Zhang, Chuanyu Hong, Xinger Gao, Yilei Shi, Chuan He, Qi Li, Ruijing Hu, Xinyuan Zhang, Xingping Lang, Wenzhuo Zhuang, Bingzong Li; Received January 26, 2026 Accepted July 11, 2026 Published online July 15, 2026; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2026.0093 [Accepted]

Abstract PDF: Purpose
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is genetically heterogeneous. We aimed to define a compartment-aware driver mutation landscape of DLBCL by integrating tumor tissue and circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) sequencing, and to assess its biological and prognostic relevance.
Materials and Methods
Somatic mutations were analyzed from targeted sequencing of tumor tissue or bone marrow and cfDNA from peripheral blood or cerebrospinal fluid, including paired tissue–liquid samples, together with whole-genome sequencing data from TCGA. Driver genes were identified using four complementary algorithms. Functional enrichment and protein–protein interaction analyses were performed. Prognostic relevance was evaluated using multigene expression–based modeling with Cox and LASSO regression in independent cohorts.
Results
Recurrent driver alterations converged on core pathogenic pathways, including B-cell receptor signaling, NF-κB activation, epigenetic regulation, and immune escape. Twenty-two high-confidence driver genes, including PIM1, KMT2D, CD79B, B2M, TP53, MYC, and EZH2, were consistently identified across clinical cohorts and supported by TCGA data. cfDNA profiling showed substantial concordance with tissue-derived drivers while revealing gene-specific differences in mutation burden and co-mutation patterns, indicating complementary capture of clinically relevant heterogeneity. Network analysis highlighted TP53, MYC, EP300, and CREBBP as central hubs. A four-gene expression–based model (MYC, PLCL1, IRF8, LNPEP) stratified patients by overall survival and modestly improved prognostic discrimination beyond the International Prognostic Index.
Conclusion
Integrated analysis of tumor tissue and cfDNA sequencing defines a clinically relevant driver framework for DLBCL. cfDNA preserves core oncogenic signals while complementing tissue profiling, supporting refined genomic risk stratification.

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Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio and Extrahepatic Spread Predict Response and Survival in Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Dong Yun Kim, Heechul Nam, Jun Yong Park, Sang Hoon Ahn, Sung Won Lee, Do Young Kim; Received May 8, 2026 Accepted July 3, 2026 Published online July 7, 2026; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2026.0498 [Accepted]

Abstract PDF: Purpose
Identifying nonresponders to atezolizumab plus bevacizumab (AB) remains challenging in unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (uHCC). We aimed to develop and externally validate a simple risk scoring system using baseline neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and extrahepatic spread (EHS) to predict treatment outcomes.
Materials and Methods
We included 304 patients with uHCC receiving first-line AB from multiple Korean centers (discovery, n = 220; validation, n = 84). Study outcomes included objective response rate (ORR) assessed by modified Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors, overall survival (OS), and progression-free survival (PFS). Multivariable analysis identified high NLR (>4.575) and EHS as independent predictors of nonresponse. The NLR-EHS score assigned 2 points for high NLR and 1 point for EHS (range, 0–3).
Results
In the discovery cohort, the score predicted nonresponse with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.749 (95% CI, 0.688–0.810); ORR fell across low- (0), moderate- (1–2), and high-risk (3) groups (67.3%, 47.7%, and 8.2%; p < 0.001). Validation confirmed comparable discrimination (AUC, 0.705; 95% CI, 0.603–0.806) and a consistent ORR gradient (77.8%, 54.2%, and 22.2%; p < 0.001). The score was prognostic for OS in discovery (HR, 1.28; p = 0.003) and validation cohorts (HR, 1.45; p = 0.007), remaining significant after adjustment (adjusted HR, 1.25 and 1.61, respectively). High-risk patients had inferior median OS (6.9 vs. 17.1 months in validation).
Conclusion
The NLR-EHS score is a practical tool for stratifying nonresponse risk and survival in uHCC patients receiving AB, facilitating early identification of high-risk patients who may benefit from alternative strategies.

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Impact of Carboplatin-Free Interval on Hypersensitivity Risks in Solid Tumor Patients with Silent Sensitization: Junyeong Jang, Jeong-Min Lee, Su Jeong Song, Eunyoung Sa, Young-Chan Kim, Hye‑Ryun Kang; Received October 3, 2025 Accepted May 6, 2026 Published online May 8, 2026; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2025.1087 [Accepted]

Abstract PDF: Purpose
Carboplatin hypersensitivity reactions (HSRs) often occur after silent sensitization in patients with solid tumors through repeated uneventful exposures. The carboplatin-free interval (CFI) has been implicated in HSR risk, but its independent impact on previously asymptomatic yet sensitized patients, as well as temporal risk patterns, remain unclear. We aimed to identify risk factors for HSRs following carboplatin re-administration in patients who had completed prior carboplatin treatment without HSRs, and to clarify the temporal association between CFI and HSR risk.
Materials and Methods
We retrospectively analyzed patients with solid tumors who received carboplatin after CFI ≥2 months at Seoul National University Hospital (2014–2016), excluding those with prior HSRs. Multivariable logistic regression identified factors associated HSRs. HSR incidence and severity were assessed across CFI strata (<12, 12–24, 24–36, ≥36 months).
Results
Among 258 patients with previous uneventful exposure, 52 (20.2%) developed HSRs, including 15 (5.8%) severe cases. Independent risk factors were female sex (odds ratio [OR] 6.105; p = 0.015), history of drug allergy (OR 2.991; p = 0.005), and CFI ≥12 months (OR 2.198; p = 0.030). Overall HSR incidence peaked at 33.3% with CFIs of 24–36 months, whereas severe HSRs were rare within 12 months but became progressively more frequent with longer CFIs, reaching the highest proportion beyond 36 months.
Conclusion
Longer CFI independently increases the risk of carboplatin-induced HSRs. These findings support using CFI as a predictor for individualized risk assessment, particularly for patients re-administered after CFIs of 24–36 months, who may warrant closer monitoring and preventive strategies.

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Is Adjuvant Chemotherapy Necessary for All Patients with pT3N0 Rectal Cancer after Upfront Surgery? A Multicenter Retrospective Study: Kyong-Min Kang, Ho Yung Lee, Hong-min Ahn, Heung-Kwon Oh, Duck-Woo Kim, Sung-Bum Kang, Dong Woon Lee, Sung Chan Park, Jae Hwan Oh, Min Jung Kim, Ji Won Park, Seung-Bum Ryoo, Seung-Yong Jeong, Kyu Joo Park; Received November 27, 2025 Accepted April 30, 2026 Published online May 4, 2026; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2025.1308 [Accepted]

Abstract PDF: Purpose
The role of adjuvant chemotherapy (ACT) in pathologic T3N0 (pT3N0) rectal cancer, which has a favorable prognosis, remains controversial because high-risk groups for recurrence are not well defined. This study investigated prognostic factors for survival in this patient group and evaluated the benefit of ACT based on these factors.
Materials and Methods
This retrospective study analyzed 352 patients with pT3N0 rectal cancer who underwent upfront radical surgery at three referral hospitals between November 2003 and December 2020. A multivariable Cox regression model was used to identify the prognostic factors for 5-year recurrence-free survival (RFS). Patients were categorized as high or low risk based on these factors, and survival outcomes were compared between those who received ACT and those who did not, using the log-rank test.
Results
Median follow-up was 52.8 months. 193 (54.8%) patients received ACT. Multivariable analysis revealed that ACT, circumferential resection margin (CRM) ≤ 2mm, vascular invasion, and perineural invasion were independent predictors of 5-year RFS. In patients with ≥ 1 risk factor, ACT significantly improved RFS (92.5% vs. 72.8%, hazard ratio [HR] 0.247, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.090–0.683, p < 0.01). In those without risk factors, no significant benefit was observed (98.0% vs. 91.6%, HR 0.272, 95% CI 0.057–1.313, p=0.082).
Conclusion
This study identified CRM ≤ 2mm, vascular invasion, and perineural invasion as high-risk features for recurrence in pT3N0 rectal cancer. ACT improved RFS only in patients with these features. While these findings support risk-based ACT administration in this patient population, further validation of our risk stratification system is needed.

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Postoperative Radiotherapy May Improve Survival in Certain Patients with pN2 Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Who Do Not Have Extranodal Extension: Seung Hyuck Jeon, Changhoon Song, Jae Hyun Jeon, Jin-Haeng Chung, Sukki Cho, Kwhanmien Kim, Sanghoon Jheon, Se Hyun Kim, Yu Jung Kim, Jae-Sung Kim; Received June 20, 2025 Accepted February 1, 2026 Published online February 3, 2026; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2025.644 [Epub ahead of print]

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub: Purpose
The aim of this study was to identify subgroups of patients with pathologic N2 (pN2) non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who may benefit from postoperative radiotherapy (PORT). Particular attention was given to evaluating whether extranodal extension (ENE) influences the therapeutic efficacy of PORT.
Materials and Methods
A total of 231 patients with pN2 NSCLC who underwent surgical resection followed by adjuvant chemotherapy at a single institution were analyzed retrospectively. Propensity score matching was performed to compare treatment outcomes according to the receipt of PORT.
Results
Propensity score matching yielded 99 matched pairs of patients with no significant differences in clinical parameters. There were no significant differences in the overall survival (OS; p=0.112) and disease-free survival (DFS; p=0.286) between the PORT and no PORT groups. However, PORT significantly improved the locoregional recurrence (LRR)–free rate (p=0.011), whereas the distant metastasis–free rate was comparable between groups (p=0.646). In subgroup analyses, PORT was associated with improved OS in patients with 1-3 positive N2 lymph nodes (p=0.013) and with significantly improved DFS among patients without ENE (p=0.046) or lymphatic invasion (p=0.032).
Conclusion
Although PORT did not improve OS or DFS in the matched overall cohort, it significantly reduced LRR. Subgroup analyses suggested potential benefits in patients with limited nodal burden and in those without ENE or lymphatic invasion. These findings, however, should be interpreted cautiously given small subgroup sizes and inherent limitations of retrospective design.

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Smoking, Alcohol, and Abdominal Obesity Increase Gastric Cancer Risk after Helicobacter pylori Eradication: Joo Hyun Lim, Cheol Min Shin, Kyungdo Han, Jin-Hyung Jung, Jinju Choi, Eun Hyo Jin, Seung Joo Kang, Dong Ho Lee; Received November 3, 2025 Accepted December 30, 2025 Published online January 2, 2026; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2025.1200 [Epub ahead of print]

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Purpose
Helicobacter pylori is the single most important risk factor for gastric cancer (GC). However, H. pylori eradication (HPE) does not eliminate risk of GC. To clarify the association of lifestyle factors with GC risk after HPE.
Materials and Methods
Using the Korean National Health Insurance Services (NHIS) database, adult individuals who claimed HPE between 2010 and 2016 were analyzed. The adjusted hazard ratios (aHR) for GC were analyzed according to the lifestyle status including smoking (never; light [<10PY]; moderate [10-20PY]; heavy [≥20PY]), alcohol (none; mild [<30g/day]; heavy [30g/day]), and abdominal obesity by using Cox proportional hazard model.
Results
During a median follow-up period of 6.7 years, 9,754 individuals were newly diagnosed with GC among the total of 1,282,702 subjects. Compared with never smokers, moderate (aHR, 1.12 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.04 to 1.20]) and heavy smokers (1.34 [95% CI, 1.27 to 1.42]) had greater risks of post-HPE GC with dose-response manner. Heavy drinkers had increased risk of GC (1.23 [95% CI, 1.15 to 1.32]) compared with non-drinkers, and those with abdominal obesity had slightly elevated GC risk compared with those without that (1.11 [95% CI, 1.06 to 1.15]). In subgroup analyses, those who had HPE at age ≥ 55 were shown to be more affected by the unhealthy lifestyles (smoking [p-for-interaction < 0.001], alcohol [0.019], and abdominal obesity [0.024]). Also, male showed greater risk increase by smoking habit (p-for-interaction=0.022) than female.
Conclusion
Unhealthy lifestyles like smoking, alcohol, and abdominal obesity were shown as risk factors for post-HPE GC. Those with late HPE were more likely to be affected by unhealthy lifestyles.

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Prognostic model for patients with hepatoid adenocarcinoma of the stomach
Shan Tong, Boqi Xu, Xiang Ye, Jun Yin, Hao Hu
BMC Gastroenterology.2026;[Epub] CrossRef

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1 Crossref

Chemoradiotherapy Increases the Incidence Rate of Cachexia in Head and Neck Cancer: A Cohort Study: Nan-Chin Lin, Kuo-Ting Sun, Yu-Hsin Tseng, Tzong-Ming Shieh, Yin-Hwa Shih; Received May 6, 2025 Accepted October 15, 2025 Published online October 30, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2025.482 [Epub ahead of print]

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Purpose
In Taiwan, head and neck cancer (HNC) ranks among the five most prevalent cancers in men. HNC tumours can impair the patient’s ability to ingest food following treatment, which may lead to cachexia. Currently, in Taiwan, no study has investigated the association between the risk of cachexia and patients’ clinical characteristics.
Materials and Methods
This retrospective cohort study analysed data from the cancer registry database of Show-Chwan Memorial Hospital between 2021-2022. We evaluated 115 patients who underwent initial treatment and assessed the presence of cachexia 6 months after treatment. Clinical data were collected and compared between patients with cachexia and those without cachexia to explore the associated risk factors in the HNC population.
Results
In the database, oral cancer constituted the primary diagnosis for 67.0% of cases. According to pathological assessments, most patients presented with locally advanced disease and moderate tumour differentiation. No correlation was observed between patient-reported complications, risk behaviours, and the incidence of cachexia. Notably, patients who underwent concurrent chemoradiotherapy exhibited a 3.8-fold higher risk of developing cachexia.
Conclusion
Concurrent chemotherapy is the leading risk factor of treatment-induced cachexia. The results of this study could help clinicians manage this issue adequately and devise solutions to limit its incidence.

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Targeting transcriptional and post-transcriptional pathways in head and neck cancer
Prabhat Kumar, Archita Dey, Rishabh Lakhera, Jayant Maini, Bhudev C. Das, Shilpi Gupta
Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Reviews on Cancer.2026; 1881(4): 189647. CrossRef

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Impact of Pre-admission Central Nervous System Medication Use on Delirium in Hospitalized Patients with Advanced Cancer: A Multicenter, Prospective, Observational Study in Korea: Min Jung Geum, Shin Hye Yoo, Si Won Lee, Moonki Hong, Eun Hee Jung, Yu Jung Kim, Beodeul Kang; Received April 29, 2025 Accepted August 26, 2025 Published online August 27, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2025.460 [Epub ahead of print]

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
This study investigated the impact of pre-admission central nervous system (CNS) medication use on delirium incidence, duration, and survival in hospitalized patients with advanced cancer.
Materials and Methods
In this multicenter prospective study across four tertiary hospitals in South Korea, adults with advanced cancer were enrolled and categorized based on their use of CNS medications within 90 days preceding admission. Associations between pre-admission CNS medication use and outcomes (delirium incidence, delirium duration, and overall survival) were assessed using multivariable regression and Cox proportional hazards models.
Results
Of the 190 patients enrolled, 140 had used CNS medications prior to admission. Delirium occurred in 22.1% of the patients with CNS medication use versus 14.0% of those without (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 2.53; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.95 to 7.60; not significant). Opioid (aOR, 2.48; 95% CI, 1.01 to 6.61) and antidepressant (aOR, 5.58; 95% CI, 1.22 to 27.35) use were significantly associated with increased delirium risk. Use of three or more CNS medication classes was associated with a markedly high risk (aOR, 11.15; 95% CI, 2.13 to 64.17). Delirium duration did not differ significantly between groups. Patients with pre-admission CNS medication exposure exhibited shorter overall survival (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 1.45; 95% CI, 1.01 to 2.09). Prior opioid use was also associated with increased mortality (aHR, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.03 to 2.05).
Conclusion
Pre-admission exposure to CNS medication, particularly opioids and antidepressants, was associated with an increased risk of delirium in patients with advanced cancer. A thorough medication history review upon admission is crucial to identifying high-risk patients and implementing early preventive interventions.

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Prevalence of delirium among patients with advanced cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Linshan Jiang, Zhongyin Zhang, Xiaojun Liu, Yanxing Jiang, Qianqian Mou
Frontiers in Neurology.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
Delirium in the oncology intensive care unit: Risk, recognition, and recovery strategies
Prashant Sirohiya, Prateek Maurya, Nishkarsh Gupta, Saurabh Vig, Balbir Kumar, Brajesh Kumar Ratre, Raghav Gupta, Shweta Bhopale, Anuja Pandit
World Journal of Critical Care Medicine.2026;[Epub] CrossRef

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Head and Neck cancer

Risk Stratification in T4 or N3 Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: Lin-Feng Guo, Lu-Chao Zhu, Yi-Feng Yu, Zhen-Zhen Lu, Qin Lin, San-Gang Wu; Cancer Res Treat. 2026;58(3):728-737. Published online August 12, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2025.573

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub: Purpose
This study aimed to investigate the prognostic heterogeneity among stage III nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients according to the 9th edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC)/Union for International Cancer Control (UICC) staging system to identify potential subgroups requiring tailored therapeutic strategies.
Materials and Methods
We retrospectively included stage III patients (T1-3N3 or T4N0-3) who were diagnosed with NPC between January 2015 and December 2021 according to the 9th edition of the AJCC/UICC staging system. Kaplan-Meier method and multivariable Cox regression analyses were used for statistical analysis.
Results
A total of 309 patients were included in this study. A total of 92/309 (29.8%) patients developed locoregional recurrence and/or distant metastasis with a median follow-up of 52.9 months. Those with T4N3 disease had significantly lower distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS), progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) but comparable locoregional relapse-free survival (LRFS) to those with T1-3N3 and T4N0-2 disease. Those with T4N3 disease had comparable LRFS but significantly lower 5-year DMFS (78.7% vs. 44.7%, p < 0.001), PFS (65.7% vs. 27.6%, p < 0.001), and OS (77.1% vs. 45.9%, p < 0.001) compared to those with stage T4N0-2 and T1-3N3 diseases. Similar results were confirmed using the multivariate analysis.
Conclusion
Our study demonstrates the prognostic heterogeneity of stage III disease within the 9th edition NPC staging system. T4N3 category should be considered separately and treated as a distinct entity regardless of the staging editions.

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Hematologic malignancy

A Novel CD58 Mutation–Related Signature Predicts Prognosis Risk in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma Patients: Hui-Li Wang, Chun-Yu Shang, Wei Hua, Hua Yin, Yue Li, Jun-Heng Liang, Rui Gao, Bi-Hui Pan, Xin-Yu Zhang, Jia-Zhu Wu, Hao-Rui Shen, Li Wang, Jian-Yong Li, Jin-Hua Liang, Wei Xu; Cancer Res Treat. 2026;58(3):979-1001. Published online July 28, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2024.1143

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
CD58, a ligand of the CD2 receptor on T cells and natural killer cells, is abnormally expressed in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). However, data on the value of CD58 mutation (CD58^mut) in DLBCL are limited. Here, we aimed to evaluate the characteristics and prognostic value of CD58^mut in DLBCL patients.
Materials and Methods
The available clinical information and corresponding mutation data of DLBCL were obtained from published articles. Ultimately, 3,025 DLBCL patients in published cohorts were enrolled in the final analysis. Among the 202 DLBCL patients in the Jiangsu Province Hospital (JSPH) cohort, all tumor tissue samples were collected to perform next-generation sequencing and gene expression was analyzed via RNA-seq.
Results
We found that 8.2% (250/3,025) of patients were CD58^mut in integrated cohort, whereas 11.4% (23/202) in the JSPH cohort. CD58^mut patients exhibit inferior progression-free survival (the integrated cohort: hazard ratio [HR], 0.96; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.77 to 1.20; p=0.663 the JSPH cohort: HR, 1.85; 95% CI, 0.85 to 4.04; p=0.052) and overall survival (the integrated cohort: HR, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.15 to 1.77; p < 0.001; the JSPH cohort: HR, 2.40; 95% CI, 0.83 to 6.93; p=0.026). A model based on six signature genes (MRO, OXTR, RASL11A, RLN1, SIGLEC1, and PROM2) was constructed via machine learning. To optimize risk stratification and survival prediction for CD58^mut patients, biological mechanism of the poorer prognosis in high-risk group may be related to the greater abundance of immunosuppressive cells, especially M2 macrophages.
Conclusion
Our results indicated that CD58^mut could serve as a novel prognostic factor for DLBCL patients, and further exploration of personalized treatment strategies for high-risk DLBCL patients based on the risk score model is needed.

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Lipid Metabolism Reprogramming in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma (DLBCL): Mechanisms and Treatment Strategies
Yue-E Ding, Yi-Ran Zhong, Lai-Shun Zhang, Lei Xu, Jia Li, Yi Wen
Cancers.2026; 18(4): 701. CrossRef
Regulation of immune checkpoint molecules in cancer immune evasion and therapy
Cansu Eris, Cheng Zu, Yanling Xiao, Michael Platten, Chong Sun
Nature Reviews Cancer.2026; 26(8): 560. CrossRef
ESAE-SDA: ensemble sparse autoencoder framework for epigenomics-informed snoRNA-disease associations prediction
Xinqing Jiang, Xiaojun Chen, Lifeng Xu, Feng Zhang, Jiawei Chen, Wenqian Zhang
BMC Bioinformatics.2025;[Epub] CrossRef

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Gastrointestinal cancer

Discrepancy between Genetically Predicted and Observed Alcohol Intake and Its Impact on Gastric Cancer Susceptibility: Ga-Eun Yie, Cheol Min Shin, Kyungtaek Park, Jinyeon Jo, Ah Ra Do, Sungkyoung Choi, Jung Hun Ohn, Sejoon Lee, Jeongseon Kim, Sun Ha Jee, Seung Joo Kang, Nayoung Kim, Sungho Won; Cancer Res Treat. 2026;58(2):563-572. Published online May 30, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2025.109

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub: Purpose
We aimed to investigate how genetic predisposition to drinking and gastric cancer (GC) modifies the association between alcohol consumption and GC risk in the Korean population.
Materials and Methods
Polygenic risk scores for GC (PRS-GC) and alcohol consumption (PRS-Alcohol) were formulated using genome-wide association results from BioBank Japan. Validation was performed using Korean cohorts (SNUBH-GENIE cohort), incorporating 8,846 controls and 531 patients with GC. Subsequently, these PRSs were applied to an independent Korean cohort of 67,771 participants, including 313 patients with GC during the follow-up for 14 years (KoGES cohort).
Results
In KoGES cohort, the influence of alcohol consumption on GC risk was significantly altered by the PRS-GC and exhibited a synergistic interaction effect. PRS-Alcohol itself shows a negative correlation with GC risk. However, when actual alcohol consumption significantly exceeded genetically predicted levels, the risk of alcohol-related GC was notably increased (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.32; 95% confidence interval, 1.01 to 1.72). Heavy drinkers in the high–PRS-GC/low–PRS-Alcohol group had a 2.16 times higher risk of GC than non-to-light drinkers, which was prominent in males.
Conclusion
Korean drinkers with higher PRS-GC who consume alcohol more than genetically predicted levels are susceptible to GC. PRS-GC and PRS-Alcohol may be beneficial for assessing the impact of alcohol consumption on GC risk in Koreans.

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Breast cancer

Adjuvant Chemotherapy in Breast Cancer after Neoadjuvant Therapy: Essential or Optional?: Di Zhang, Luo Yang, Yuan Zheng, Qi Zhou; Cancer Res Treat. 2026;58(1):208-220. Published online April 24, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2024.1254

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
This study aimed to evaluate the impact of postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy (AC) on survival outcomes in breast cancer (BC) patients who have already undergone neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) followed by surgery.
Materials and Methods
Data from a population-based cohort (2010-2020) were analyzed for BC patients treated with NAC and surgery. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression identified prognostic factors for overall survival (OS), and a nomogram was developed and validated. Personalized scores from the nomogram were used for risk stratification to assess the effect of postoperative AC.
Results
A total of 15,921 BC patients were analyzed, with 11,144 in the training cohort and 4,777 in the validation cohort. The key prognostic indicators for OS included age, race, marital status, histological grade, BC subtype, T category, N category, type of surgery, and response to NAC (all p < 0.05). The nomogram effectively predicted individualized OS rates and stratified patients into various risk categories. Postoperative AC was found to significantly enhance OS in the high-risk subgroup (p=0.011 in the training cohort, p=0.012 in the overall population). However, for the low-risk subgroup, there was no significant survival benefit from postoperative AC (p=0.130 for the training cohort, p=0.588 for the overall population), suggesting that some patients might safely forgo unnecessary postoperative AC.
Conclusion
This study efficiently differentiates between varying levels of risk, enabling clinicians to identify patients unlikely to benefit from postoperative AC and thus reduce the likelihood of overtreatment.

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Advances in nano-drug delivery systems for targeting therapy of breast cancer
Yi Zhao, Yamin Cui, Ze Zhao
Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
An Exploratory Study on the Interrelation of Breast Cancer Molecular Phenotypes with Breast Cancer-Associated Adipose Tissues (BCAATs), Neoadjuvant, and Adjuvant Therapies: A Focus on Prognosis and Survival
Mihaela Maria Pasca Fenesan, Razvan George Bogdan, Andrei Alexandru Cosma, Vlad Vornicu, Eugen Melnic, Diana Veronica Radu, Patricia Baran, Zorin Crainiceanu, Rodica Elena Heredea, Olga Cernetchi, Anca Maria Cimpean
Medical Sciences.2026; 14(3): 403. CrossRef

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Gastrointestinal cancer

Deciphering the Risk of Developing Lung Cancer after the Diagnosis of Gastric Cancer with Genetic Evidence: A European and East Asian Populations–Based Mendelian Randomization Analysis: Jiansheng Chen, Aiming Zeng, Yunzhe Yu, Sida Sun, Liqun Liao, Siwei Huang, Zhongshan Yang, Junfeng Zhou, Weijie Wu; Cancer Res Treat. 2026;58(1):242-251. Published online April 18, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2024.875

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
Lung cancer is frequently observed as a second primary malignancy following gastric cancer, yet the genetic causality between them remains uncertain. This study aims to evaluate the causal relationship between gastric and lung cancers using Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis.
Materials and Methods
Single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with gastric and lung cancers were selected from genome-wide association study in East Asian and European populations as instrumental variables. The causal effects between gastric and lung cancers were evaluated using univariable and multivariable MR analysis, with the inverse variance weighted (IVW) method serving as the primary criterion. Heterogeneity and sensitivity analyses were performed to ensure the robustness of the findings.
Results
Univariable MR analysis demonstrated that genetic susceptibility to gastric cancer in the European population was significantly associated with an increased risk of lung cancer (IVW: odds ratio [OR], 1.285; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.072 to 1.541; p=6.83E-03), which was consistently validated in the East Asian population (IVW: OR, 1.356; 95% CI, 1.114 to 1.651; p=2.40E-03). Multivariable MR analysis further indicated that the significant positive causal relationship between gastric cancer and lung cancer persisted in both populations after adjusting for confounding factors (all p < 0.05). Conversely, no significant causal relationship was observed for the risk of developing gastric cancer following the diagnosis of lung cancer in either population (p > 0.05).
Conclusion
This study confirms that genetic susceptibility to gastric cancer increases the risk of lung cancer. This finding provides a theoretical basis for exploring the underlying biological mechanisms and suggests that enhancing lung cancer screening in patients with gastric cancer may be necessary to improve patient prognosis.

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Commentary on “Deciphering the Risk of Developing Lung Cancer after the Diagnosis of Gastric Cancer with Genetic Evidence: a European and East Asian Populations-Based Mendelian Randomization Analysis”
Fei Ying, Xuan Zhao, Tao Wang
Cancer Research and Treatment.2026; 58(3): 1022. CrossRef

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Genitourinary cancer

Dose-Response Association between Alcohol Consumption and Kidney Cancer Risk Differs According to Glycemic Status: A Nationwide Cohort Study of 9.4 Million Individuals: Joo-Hyun Park, Jung Yong Hong, Kyungdo Han, Jay J. Shen, Se Hoon Park; Cancer Res Treat. 2025;57(4):1178-1186. Published online January 31, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2024.996

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
Previous studies suggested an association between alcohol consumption and reduced kidney cancer risk. Given a potential interaction between alcohol’s insulin-sensitizing effect and hyperglycemia-related insulin resistance, we aimed to assess whether the dose-response association between alcohol intake and kidney cancer risk varies based on glycemic status.
Materials and Methods
This nationwide cohort study analyzed data from 9,492,331 adults who underwent a national health screening program in 2009 and were followed until 2018. Multivariable-adjusted Cox regression models were applied to estimate the adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).
Results
Over a median follow-up period of 8.3 years, 12,381 participants were diagnosed with kidney cancer. A U-shaped relationship between alcohol consumption and kidney cancer risk was observed among individuals with normoglycemia (light-to-moderate: HR, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.89 to 0.99 and heavy: HR, 1.00; 95% CI, 0.91 to 1.09, respectively). In prediabetic individuals, alcohol consumption was not significantly associated with kidney cancer risk. In individuals with diabetes, a dose-dependent increase in kidney cancer risk was noted with higher alcohol consumption (light-to-moderate consumption: HR, 1.12; 95% CI, 1.03 to 1.22; heavy consumption: HR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.09 to 1.42; p for trend < 0.01).
Conclusion
A modest U-shaped dose-response association between alcohol consumption and kidney cancer risk was observed exclusively in individuals with normoglycemia. Individuals with diabetes demonstrated a dose-dependent increased risk of kidney cancer with higher alcohol consumption. Tailored patient education and personalized risk assessments regarding alcohol consumption and kidney cancer risk should be emphasized over a generalized ‘one-size-fits-all’ approach.

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Alcohol Consumption Trajectories from Early Adulthood to Adulthood and Cancer Risk in Adulthood: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Samira Behboudi-Gandevani, Ingunn Jystad Brustad, Tommy Haugan, Vegar Rangul, Ellen Christin Arntzen, Marianne Sivertsen, Sarah Cook, Razieh Bidhendi-Yarandi
Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention.2026; 35(6): 824. CrossRef

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1 Crossref

Breast cancer

Novel Breast Cancer Risk Assessment Tools for Pre- and Postmenopausal Asian Women: Development and Validation in a Nationwide Mammographic Screening Cohort: Wonyoung Jung, Yong-Moon Mark Park, Sang Hyun Park, Kyungdo Han, Junhee Park, Yohwan Yeo, Jung Kwon Lee, Dale P. Sandler, Dong Wook Shin; Cancer Res Treat. 2025;57(4):1051-1063. Published online January 31, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2024.861

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub: Purpose
Widely used breast cancer risk-prediction tools are based on data from Western countries, but risk factors may differ for Asian women. Hence, we aimed to develop a risk assessment tool for breast cancer in Asian women using a nationwide, population-based mammographic screening cohort.
Materials and Methods
Women aged ≥ 40 years who underwent breast cancer screening and general health examination in 2009 were included. Age, body mass index (BMI), breast density, lifestyle and reproductive factors, and comorbidities were used to develop 5-year breast cancer risk-prediction models for premenopausal (n=771,856) and postmenopausal (n=1,108,047) women at baseline. The best-fit risk prediction model was constructed using backward stepwise selection in a Cox proportional hazards model and was transformed into a risk score nomogram. The performance was assessed by discrimination and calibration.
Results
In premenopausal women, high BMI, low parity, short breastfeeding period, early age at menarche, high breast density, a history of benign breast masses, and family history of breast cancer contributed to the risk prediction of breast cancer. In postmenopausal women, age, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, late-onset menopause, and hormone replacement therapy use were additional risk predictors of breast cancer. Our risk-prediction model showed a concordant statistic of 0.58 (0.57-0.59) for premenopausal women and 0.64 (0.63-0.65) for postmenopausal women. The calibration plot demonstrated good correlations for both models.
Conclusion
Our breast cancer risk-prediction model demonstrated performance comparable to that of Western countries, especially among postmenopausal women. This provides a foundation for implementing risk-based screening recommendations in Asian women.

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Pediatric cancer

Survival of Children with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia with Risk Group–Based Protocol Changes: A Single-Center Experience with 460 Patients over a 20-Year Period: Na Hee Lee, Hee Young Ju, Eun Sang Yi, Young Bae Choi, Keon Hee Yoo, Hong Hoe Koo; Cancer Res Treat. 2025;57(2):558-569. Published online September 27, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2024.127

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
Recent treatments for pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) are founded on risk stratification. We examined the survival rates and prognostic factors of patients over a 20-year period at a single institution.
Materials and Methods
This study analyzed patients diagnosed with ALL and treated at the Pediatric Department of Samsung Medical Center (SMC). Patients were categorized into standard-risk (SR), high-risk (HR), and very high-risk (VHR) groups. The SMC protocol for the HR group underwent two changes during the study period: a modified Children’s Cancer Group (CCG)-1882 protocol was used from 2000 to 2005, the Korean multicenter HR ALL-0601 protocol from 2006 to 2014, and the Korean multicenter HR ALL-1501 protocol from 2015 to 2019.
Results
Of the 460 patients, complete remission was achieved in 436 patients (94.8%). The 10-year overall survival rate (OS) was 83.8±1.9% for all patients. OS according to the SMC risk group was as follows: 95.9%±1.4% in the SR group, 83.8%±3.6% in the HR group, and 66.2%±6.9% in the VHR group. The 5-year OS within the HR group varied according to the treatment protocol: 73.9%±7.5%, in the modified CCG-1882 protocol, 83.0%±3.9%, in the 0601 protocol, and 96.2%±2.6%, in the 1501 protocol. For those aged 15 years and older, the OS was only 56.5%±13.1%. Relapse occurred in 71 patients (15.4%), and the OS after relapse was 37.7%±6.0%.
Conclusion
The treatment outcomes of patients with ALL improved markedly. However, there is a need to further characterize adolescents and young adult patients, as well as those who have experienced relapses.

Citations

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Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in pediatric cancer survivors: risk and medication use in a nationwide population-based study
Jae Sik Kim, Jung Lee, Joo Ho Lee
Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
Molecular and Mechanistic Divergence of Seizures in Pediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: CNS Infiltration Versus Chemotherapy-Induced Neurotoxicity
Jin Joo, Woo Sub Yang, Hyun Jung Koh
International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2026; 27(7): 3307. CrossRef
Toxicity during induction of pulsed versus continuous prednisolone in children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: a multi-centre, open label, randomised, phase 3 trial from India (2016–2022)
Parag Das, Nandana Das, Gaurav Narula, Amita Trehan, Sameer Bakhshi, Venkatraman Radhakrishnan, Rachna Seth, Prashant Tembhare, Man Updesh Singh Sachdeva, Anita Chopra, Shirley Sundersingh, Soumyadeep Das, Manash Pratim Gogoi, Mayur Parihar, Rahul Bhattac
The Lancet Regional Health - Southeast Asia.2026; 50: 100788. CrossRef
Conjugated Hyperbilirubinemia in Pediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia at Diagnosis: A Case Series
Sarita Verma, Ambrish Kumar Mishra, Kannan Subramanian, Snehavardhan Pandey
Indian Pediatrics.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
Clinical characteristics and outcome of pediatric patients diagnosed with acute lymphoblastic leukemia over 6 years’ period, single institute experience (Children Welfare Teaching Hospital)
Raghad Majid Al-Saeed, Hebatallah Ali Hussein
Iraqi Journal of Hematology.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
Global Challenges in Paediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia
Shekhar Krishnan, Vaskar Saha
Acta Haematologica.2025; 149(1): 39. CrossRef

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Gynecologic cancer

Application of Machine Learning Algorithms for Risk Stratification and Efficacy Evaluation in Cervical Cancer Screening among the ASCUS/LSIL Population: Evidence from the Korean HPV Cohort Study: Heekyoung Song, Hong Yeon Lee, Shin Ah Oh, Jaehyun Seong, Soo Young Hur, Youn Jin Choi; Cancer Res Treat. 2025;57(2):547-557. Published online September 6, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2024.465

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
We assessed human papillomavirus (HPV) genotype-based risk stratification and the efficacy of cytology testing for cervical cancer screening in patients with atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS)/low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL).
Materials and Methods
Between 2010 and 2021, we monitored 1,273 HPV-positive women with ASCUS/LSIL every 6 months for up to 60 months. HPV infections were categorized as persistent (HPV positivity consistently observed post-enrollment), negative (HPV negativity consistently observed post-enrollment), or non-persistent (neither consistently positive nor negative). HPV genotypes were grouped into high-risk (Hr) groups 1 (types 16, 18, 31, 33, 45, 52, and 58) and 2 (types 35, 39, 51, 56, 59, 66, and 68) and a low-risk group. Hr1 was subdivided into types (a) 16 and 18; (b) 31, 33, and 45; and (c) 52 and 58. Cox regression and machine learning (ML) algorithms were used to analyze progression rates.
Results
Among 1,273 participants, 17.6% with persistent HPV infections experienced disease progression versus no progression in the HPV-negative group (p < 0.001). Cox analysis revealed the highest hazard ratios (HRs) for Hr1-a (11.6, p < 0.001), followed by Hr1-b (9.26, p < 0.001) and Hr1-c (7.21, p < 0.001). HRs peaked at 12-24 months, with Hr1-a maintaining significance at 24-36 months (10.7, p=0.034). ML analysis identified the final cytology change pattern as the most significant factor, with 14-15 months the optimal time for detecting progression from the first examination.
Conclusion
In ASCUS/LSIL cases, follow-up strategies should be based on HPV risk types. Annual follow-up was the most effective monitoring for detecting progression/regression.

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AI in Cervical Cancer Cytology Diagnostics: A Narrative Review of Cutting-Edge Studies
Daniele Giansanti, Andrea Lastrucci, Antonia Pirrera, Sandra Villani, Elisabetta Carico, Enrico Giarnieri
Bioengineering.2025; 12(7): 769. CrossRef
PTK6 mediated immune signatures revealed by single cell transcriptomic and multi omics big data analysis in cervical cancer
Fen Zhao, Huanxin Zhong, Lifang You, Yi Du, Changchang Huang
Discover Oncology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Clinical and Virological Profiles Associated with CINTEC® PLUS Positivity: A Data-Driven Clustering and Modeling Study
Iulian-Valentin Munteanu, Demetra Socolov, Razvan Socolov, Ana-Maria Adam, Gigi Adam, Ingrid-Andrada Vasilache, Petronela Vicoveanu, Valeriu Harabor, Anamaria Harabor, Alina-Mihaela Calin
Diagnostics.2025; 15(17): 2200. CrossRef
A Competing-Risks Approach to the Progression, Regression and Persistence of High-Grade Cervical Dysplasia in Patients over 30 Years Old—A Prospective Study
Iulian-Valentin Munteanu, Demetra Socolov, Razvan Socolov, Ana-Maria Adam, Gigi Adam, Ingrid-Andrada Vasilache, Petronela Vicoveanu, Valeriu Harabor, Anamaria Harabor, Alina-Mihaela Calin
Journal of Clinical Medicine.2025; 14(17): 6303. CrossRef
AI-Driven predictive modeling of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia severity: a comprehensive analysis with clinical adoption frameworks
Farah Farzaneh, Amir Soltani, Fatemeh Dastyar, Marzieh Mohammadi, Maryam Sadat Hosseini
BMC Cancer.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Geneticsbiologiesingle cell and expression analysis for erectile dysfunction and cervical cancer targets
Tengfei Zhao, Yangyang Li, Huixue Liu, Chongxin Tong
Discover Oncology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef

7,145 View
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6 Crossref

Gastrointestinal cancer

Association between Metabolically Healthy Status and Risk of Gastrointestinal Cancer: Haozhe Cui, Fei Tian, Yongliang Chen, Xiangming Ma; Cancer Res Treat. 2024;56(1):238-246. Published online August 2, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2023.539

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
Although obesity is associated with numerous diseases, the risks of disease may depend on metabolically healthy status. Nevertheless, it is unclear to whether metabolically healthy status affects risk of gastrointestinal (GI) cancer in general Chinese population.
Materials and Methods
A total of 114,995 participants who met the criteria were included from the Kailuan Study. The study participants were divided into four groups according to body mass index (BMI)/waist circumference (WC) and metabolic status. Incident of GI cancer (esophageal cancer, gastric cancer, liver cancer, biliary cancer, pancreatic cancer, and colorectal cancer) during 2006-2020 were confirmed by review of medical records. The Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to assess the association metabolically healthy status with the risk of GI cancer by calculating the hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI).
Results
During a mean 13.76 years of follow-up, we documented 2,311 GI cancers. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that compared with the metabolically healthy normal-weight group, metabolically healthy obese (MHO) participants demonstrated an increased risk of developing GI cancer (HR, 1.54; 95% CI, 1.11 to 2.13) by BMI categories. However, such associations were not found for WC category. These associations were moderated by age, sex, and anatomical site of the tumor. Individuals with metabolic unhealthy normal-weight or metabolic unhealthy obesity phenotype also have an increased risk of GI cancer.
Conclusion
MHO phenotype was associated with increased risk of GI cancer. Moreover, individuals who complicated by metabolic unhealthy status have an increased risk of developing GI cancer. Hence, clinicians should consider the risk of incident GI cancer in people with abnormal metabolically healthy status and counsel them about metabolic fitness and weight control.

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Metabolic Outcomes in Bariatric/Metabolic Surgery Individuals: Impact of Metabolic Health Definition, Type of Surgery, and Follow-Up Duration—An Observational, Retrospective Study
Anna Pluemacher, Cláudia Camila Dias, Bárbara Peleteiro, Denise Pinheiro, Paula Freitas, Eduardo Lima, Alexandra Leitão, Elisabete Martins, Maria João Martins
Metabolites.2026; 16(1): 47. CrossRef
Metabolic Syndrome Components and Cancer Risk in Normal-Weight Subjects: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis in over 18 Million Individuals
Yasmin Ezzatvar, Jorge Olivares-Arancibia, Jacqueline Páez-Herrera, Rodrigo Yáñez-Sepúlveda, Óscar Caballero
Journal of Clinical Medicine.2026; 15(2): 538. CrossRef
Metabolic Phenotypes and the Risk of Cancer Occurrence: A Prospective Cohort Study with 18-Year Follow-up
Mahdieh Golzarand, Nazanin Moslehi, Farhad Hosseinpanah, Parvin Mirmiran, Fereidoun Azizi
Journal of Obesity & Metabolic Syndrome.2026; 35(2): 188. CrossRef
Metabolic Phenotype and Risk of Obesity-Related Cancers in the Women’s Health Initiative
Prasoona Karra, Sheetal Hardikar, Maci Winn, Garnet L. Anderson, Benjamin Haaland, Aladdin H. Shadyab, Marian L. Neuhouser, Rebecca A. Seguin-Fowler, Cynthia A. Thomson, Mace Coday, Jean Wactawski-Wende, Marcia L. Stefanick, Xiaochen Zhang, Ting-Yuan Davi
Cancer Prevention Research.2025; 18(2): 63. CrossRef
Associations of Social Vulnerability and Race‐Ethnicity With Gastrointestinal Cancers in the United States
David J. Fei‐Zhang, David J. Bentrem, Jeffrey D. Wayne, Lifang Hou, Peiwen Fei, Timothy M. Pawlik
Cancer Medicine.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Association between metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease, metabolic dysfunction subtypes and risk of colorectal cancer: A prospective cohort study
Yuan Li, Xiang-ming Ma, Jian-guo Jia, Li-ying Cao
Clinics and Research in Hepatology and Gastroenterology.2025; 49(5): 102573. CrossRef
From healthy to unhealthy obesity: A longitudinal study of adults in ELSA-Brasil
Fernanda Duarte Mendes, Hully Cantão dos Santos, José Geraldo Mill, Maria Del Carmen Bisi Molina, Maria de Fátima H. Sander Diniz, Carla Romagnolli Quintino, Márcio Sommer Bittencourt, Carolina Perim de Faria, Julia Robinson
PLOS Global Public Health.2025; 5(4): e0004325. CrossRef
Association between transitions in metabolic health and colorectal cancer across categories of body size phenotype: a prospective cohort study
Qian Liu, Fei Si, Yuntao Wu, Jing Yu
Obesity.2024; 32(10): 1948. CrossRef
Gastric Cancer - Epidemiology, Modifiable and Non-modifiable Risk Factors, Challenges and Opportunities: An Updated Review
Tajul Islam Mamun, Sabrina Younus, Md. Hashibur Rahman
Cancer Treatment and Research Communications.2024; : 100845. CrossRef
Research Progress of Scutellaria baicalensis in the Treatment of Gastrointestinal Cancer
Lankang Wang, Baoyi Ni, Jia Wang, Jilai Zhou, Junyi Wang, Jiakang Jiang, Yutong Sui, Yaoyao Tian, Feng Gao, Yufeng Lyu
Integrative Cancer Therapies.2024;[Epub] CrossRef

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Risk Factors for Distant Metastasis in Extrahepatic Bile Duct Cancer after Curative Resection (KROG 1814): Younghee Park, Tae Hyun Kim, Kyubo Kim, Jeong Il Yu, Wonguen Jung, Jinsil Seong, Woo Chul Kim, Jin Hwa Choi, Ah Ram Chang, Bae Kwon Jeong, Byoung Hyuck Kim, Tae Gyu Kim, Jin Hee Kim, Hae Jin Park, Hyun Soo Shin, Jung Ho Im, Eui Kyu Chie; Cancer Res Treat. 2024;56(1):272-279. Published online July 31, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2023.616

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub: Purpose
Risk factors predicting distant metastasis (DM) in extrahepatic bile duct cancer (EHBDC) patients treated with curative resection were investigated.
Materials and Methods
Medical records of 1,418 EHBDC patients undergoing curative resection between Jan 2000 and Dec 2015 from 14 institutions were reviewed. After resection, 924 patients (67.6%) were surveilled without adjuvant therapy, 297 (21.7%) were treated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) and 148 (10.8%) with CCRT followed by chemotherapy. To exclude the treatment effect from innate confounders, patients not treated with adjuvant therapy were evaluated.
Results
After a median follow-up of 36.7 months (range, 2.7 to 213.2 months), the 5-year distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) rate was 57.7%. On multivariate analysis, perihilar or diffuse tumor (hazard ratio [HR], 1.391; p=0.004), poorly differentiated histology (HR, 2.014; p < 0.001), presence of perineural invasion (HR, 1.768; p < 0.001), positive nodal metastasis (HR, 2.670; p < 0.001) and preoperative carbohydrate antigen (CA) 19-9 ≥ 37 U/mL (HR, 1.353; p < 0.001) were significantly associated with inferior DMFS. The DMFS rates significantly differed according to the number of these risk factors. For validation, patients who underwent adjuvant therapy were evaluated. In patients with ≥ 3 factors, additional chemotherapy after CCRT resulted in a superior DMFS compared with CCRT alone (5-year rate, 47.6% vs. 27.7%; p=0.001), but the benefit of additional chemotherapy was not observed in patients with 0-2 risk factors.
Conclusion
Tumor location, histologic differentiation, perineural invasion, lymph node metastasis, and preoperative CA 19-9 level predicted DM risk in resected EHBDC. These risk factors might help identifying a subset of patients who could benefit from additional chemotherapy after resection.

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Prevalence and Risk Factors of Germline Pathogenic Variants in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: Kum Hei Ryu, Sunhwa Park, Jung Won Chun, Eunhae Cho, Jongmun Choi, Dong-Eun Lee, Hyoeun Shim, Yun-Hee Kim, Sung-Sik Han, Sang-Jae Park, Sang Myung Woo, Sun-Young Kong; Cancer Res Treat. 2023;55(4):1303-1312. Published online April 3, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2023.291

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
The genetic attribution for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has been reported as 5%-10%. However, the incidence of germline pathogenic variants (PVs) in Korean PDAC patients has not been thoroughly investigated. Therefore, we studied to identify the risk factors and prevalence of PV for future treatment strategies in PDAC.
Materials and Methods
Total of 300 (155 male) patients with a median age of 65 years (range, 33 to 90 years) were enrolled in National Cancer Center in Korea. Cancer predisposition genes, clinicopathologic characteristics, and family history of cancer were analyzed.
Results
PVs were detected in 20 patients (6.7%, median age 65) in ATM (n=7, 31.8%), BRCA1 (n=3, 13.6%), BRCA2 (n=3), and RAD51D (n=3). Each one patient showed TP53, PALB2, PMS2, RAD50, MSH3, and SPINK1 PV. Among them, two likely PVs were in ATM and RAD51D, respectively. Family history of various types of cancer including pancreatic cancer (n=4) were found in 12 patients. Three patients with ATM PVs and a patient with three germline PVs (BRCA2, MSH3, and RAD51D) had first-degree relatives with pancreatic cancer. Familial pancreatic cancer history and PVs detection had a significant association (4/20, 20% vs. 16/264, 5.7%; p=0.035).
Conclusion
Our study demonstrated that germline PVs in ATM, BRCA1, BRCA2, and RAD51D are most frequent in Korean PDAC patients and it is comparable to those of different ethnic groups. Although this study did not show guidelines for germline predisposition gene testing in patients with PDAC in Korea, it would be emphasized the need for germline testing for all PDAC patients.

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DNA damage response inhibitors in pancreatic cancer: progress and challenges
Yeyao Wu, Wei Li, Mengyun Wu
Frontiers in Oncology.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
Real-World Germline Testing Patterns and Clinical Implications of HRR-Associated Germline Variants in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma
Carmen Blanco Abad, Diego Casas Deza, Fátima Mocha Campillo, Natalia Pascual de la Fuente, Sofía Elena Ruffini Egea, Luis Gallart Caballero, Cristina Serrano Delgado, Carlos Alfonso Rivas Molina, María Dolores Miramar Gallart, María José Agustín Ferrández
Cancers.2026; 18(16): 2580. CrossRef
FOXM1 promotes malignant biological behavior and metabolic reprogramming by targeting SPINK1 in hepatocellular carcinoma and affecting the p53 pathway
Xu Ding, Jinjun Shi, Zhengqing Lei, Guoqing Wang, Chenchun Fu, Xiangyu Su, Guangyu Zhu
Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Basis of Disease.2025; 1871(3): 167673. CrossRef
Mutant KRAS and GATA6 Stratify Survival in Patients Treated with Chemotherapy for Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma: A Prospective Cohort Study
Jung Won Chun, Dong-eun Lee, Nayoung Han, SooBeen Heo, Hyeji Kim, Mi Rim Lee, Hyeong Min Park, Sung-Sik Han, Sang-Jae Park, Tae Hyun Kim, Woo Jin Lee, Yun-Hee Kim, Sun-Young Kong, Sang Myung Woo
Cancers.2025; 17(5): 896. CrossRef
Scenario of endometrial cancer in Asian countries: epidemiology, risk factors and challenges
Sayeeda Sultana, Rehana Parveen
International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health.2025; 12(6): 2921. CrossRef
MLH1 Inhibits Metastatic Potential of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma via Downregulation of GPRC5C
Wen-Jing Liu, Jun Lu, Wei-Xun Zhou, Jian-Zhou Liu, Li Zhou
Laboratory Investigation.2024; 104(9): 102107. CrossRef
Clinical Significance of PALB2 Pathogenic Germline Variant
Min-Chae Kang, R.N., Jong Eun Park, Mi-Ae Jang, Dongju Won, Boyoung Park, Seeyoun Lee, Dong Ock Lee, Kum Hei Ryu, Yoon-Jung Chang, Sun-Young Kong
Laboratory Medicine Online.2024; 14(4): 311. CrossRef
Prevalence Estimation of the PALB2 Germline Variant in East Asians and Koreans through Population Database Analysis
Jong Eun Park, Min-Chae Kang, Taeheon Lee, Eun Hye Cho, Mi-Ae Jang, Dongju Won, Boyoung Park, Chang-Seok Ki, Sun-Young Kong
Cancers.2024; 16(19): 3318. CrossRef
Understanding the Genetic Landscape of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma to Support Personalized Medicine: A Systematic Review
Antonino Pantaleo, Giovanna Forte, Candida Fasano, Martina Lepore Signorile, Paola Sanese, Katia De Marco, Elisabetta Di Nicola, Marialaura Latrofa, Valentina Grossi, Vittoria Disciglio, Cristiano Simone
Cancers.2023; 16(1): 56. CrossRef

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Lung and Thoracic cancer

Efficacy of Prophylactic Cranial Irradiation According to the Risk of Extracranial Recurrence in Limited-Stage Small Cell Lung Cancer: Tae Hoon Lee, Joo-Hyun Chung, Hong-Gyun Wu, Suzy Kim, Joo Ho Lee, Bhumsuk Keam, Jin-Soo Kim, Ki Hwan Kim, Byoung Hyuck Kim, Hak Jae Kim; Cancer Res Treat. 2023;55(3):875-884. Published online February 24, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2022.1583

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI) for “early brain metastasis”, which occurs before extracranial recurrence (ECR), and “late brain metastasis”, which occurs after ECR, in limited-stage small cell lung cancer (LS-SCLC).
Materials and Methods
We retrospectively analyzed 271 LS-SCLC patients who underwent definitive chemoradiation. All patients were initially staged with brain magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography. Intracranial recurrence (ICR), ECR, progression-free rate (PFR), and overall survival (OS) were analyzed as clinical endpoints. The competing risk of the first recurrence with ICR (ICRfirst) was evaluated. Significantly associated variables in multivariate analysis of ECR were considered as ECR risk factors. Patients were stratified according to the number of ECR risk factors.
Results
The application of PCI was associated with higher PFR (p=0.008) and OS (p=0.045). However, PCI was not associated with any of the clinical endpoints in multivariate analysis. The competing risk of ICRfirst was significantly decreased with the application of PCI (hazard ratio, 0.476; 95% confidence interval, 0.243 to 0.931; p=0.030). Stage III disease, sequential, and stable disease after thoracic radiation were selected as ECR risk factors. For patients without these risk factors, the application of PCI was significantly associated with increased OS (p=0.048) and a decreased risk of ICRfirst (p=0.026).
Conclusion
PCI may play a role in preventing early brain metastasis rather than late brain metastasis after ECR, suggesting that only patients with a low risk of ECR may currently benefit from PCI.

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Efficacy evaluation of prophylactic cranial irradiation for limited stage small‑cell lung cancer in the magnetic resonance imaging era: A meta‑analysis
Lihua Shao, Yumei Dong, Meiqiao Jiang, Haixia Song, Yuexiao Qi, Liyun Guo, Jinhui Tian, Shihong Wei
Oncology Letters.2025;[Epub] CrossRef

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Breast cancer

Epidemiology of Second Non-breast Primary Cancers among Survivors of Breast Cancer: A Korean Population–Based Study by the SMARTSHIP Group: Haeyoung Kim, Su SSan Kim, Ji Sung Lee, Jae Sun Yoon, Hyun Jo Youn, Hyukjai Shin, Jeong Eon Lee, Se Kyung Lee, Il Yong Chung, So-Youn Jung, Young Jin Choi, Jihyoung Cho, Sang Uk Woo, Korean Breast Cancer Society; Cancer Res Treat. 2023;55(2):580-591. Published online December 27, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2022.410

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
This study aimed to evaluate the incidence and prognosis of second non-breast primary cancer (SNBPC) among Korean survivors of breast cancer.
Materials and Methods
Data from the Korean National Health Insurance Service were searched to identify women who received curative surgery for initial breast cancer (IBC) between 2003 and 2008 (n=64,340). Among them, patients with the following characteristics were excluded: other cancer diagnosis before IBC (n=10,866), radiotherapy before IBC (n=349), absence of data on sex or age (n=371), or male (n=248). Accordingly, data of 52,506 women until December 2017 were analyzed. SNBPC was defined as a newly diagnosed SNBPC that occurred 5 years or more after IBC diagnosis.
Results
The median follow-up time of all patients was 12.13 years. SNBPC was developed in 3,084 (5.87%) women after a median of 7.61 years following IBC diagnosis. The 10-year incidence of SNBPC was 5.78% (95% confidence interval [CI], 5.56 to 6.00). Higher SNBPC incidence was found in survivors with the following factors: old age at IBC diagnosis, low household income, and receiving combined chemotherapy with endocrine therapy, whereas receiving radiotherapy was related to a lower incidence of SNBPC (hazard ratio, 0.89; p < 0.01). Among the patients with SNBPC, the 5-year survival rate was 62.28% (95% CI, 65.53 to 69.02).
Conclusion
Approximately 5% of breast cancer survivors developed SNBPC within 10 years after IBC diagnosis. The risk of SNBPC was associated with patient’s age at IBC diagnosis, income level, and a receipt of systemic treatments.

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Development of a risk prediction model for second primary thyroid cancer in female breast cancer patients based on machine learning algorithms
Qianqian Yang, Zhihong Li, Yunfei Zhang, Roza Doktorzhan, Xiuhua Zhang, Wenjia Guo
Scientific Reports.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
Risk factors for second primary cancer in patients who survive breast cancer
Phillip Park, Keunkyun Kim, Dong-woo Choi, Heejung Chae, So-Youn Jung, Hyun-Jin Kim
npj Breast Cancer.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
Risk of second primary cancer in young breast cancer survivors: an important yet overlooked issue
Xinyi Liang, Yiwei Qin, Pengwei Li, You Mo, Dawei Chen
Therapeutic Advances in Medical Oncology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Molecule subtypes play important roles for second primary malignancies development based on 324,661 breast cancer survivors
Jin Shi, Jian Liu, Guo Tian, Daojuan Li, Di Liang, Yutong He
Scientific Reports.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Comorbidity burden and risk of second primary non-breast cancer in breast cancer survivors
Amrita Mukherjee, Zheng Gu, Lie Hong Chen, Rowan T. Chlebowski, Arnold L. Potosky, Reina Haque
Cancer Epidemiology.2025; 97: 102867. CrossRef
Association of radiotherapy for stage I–III breast cancer survivors and second primary malignant cancers: a population-based study
Jin Shi, Jian Liu, Guo Tian, Daojuan Li, Di Liang, Jun Wang, Yutong He
European Journal of Cancer Prevention.2024; 33(2): 115. CrossRef

7,835 View
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Marked Reduction in the Risk of Dementia in Patients with Breast Cancer: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study: Jooyoung Oh, Hye Sun Lee, Soyoung Jeon, Jeong-Ho Seok, Tae-Kyung Yoo, Woo-Chan Park, Chang Ik Yoon; Cancer Res Treat. 2023;55(2):551-561. Published online October 19, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2022.272

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
An inverse relationship between cancer and neurodegenerative disease, which presents the possibility of a reduced risk of dementia in cancer patients, has been suggested previously. However, a nationwide longitudinal population-based study of specific types of cancer with due consideration of treatment effects has not been conducted.
Materials and Methods
This nationwide population-based cohort study used data obtained in a 12-year period (January 2007- December 2018) in the Korean National Health Insurance claims database. All female breast cancer patients (age ≥ 50 years) diagnosed between 2009 and 2010 were included after excluding those with physician visits for any cancer during a 2-year period (2007-2008). Patients with senile cataract constituted the control group. The main study outcome was the risk of developing dementia.
Results
From a total of 90,396 and 85,906 patients with breast cancer and cataract, respectively, patients without behavior codes were excluded. Data for 15,407 breast cancer patients and 7,020 controls were analyzed before matching. After matching for comorbidities and age, either group comprised 2,252 patients. The median follow-up time was 104.1±24.0 months after matching. After matching, breast cancer was a predictor of a lower risk of for dementia (hazard ratio, 0.091; 95% confidence interval, 0.075 to 0.111; p < 0.001). In breast cancer patients, receiving chemotherapy and endocrine therapy did not significantly affect the incidence of dementia.
Conclusion
Breast cancer was associated with a remarkably decreased risk of dementia. The findings strongly suggest an inverse relationship between cancer and neurodegeneration, regardless of the adverse effects of cancer treatment on cognitive function.

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Timing of risk factors, prodromal features, and comorbidities of dementia from a large health claims case–control study
Stefan Teipel, Manas Akmatov, Bernhard Michalowsky, Steffi Riedel-Heller, Jens Bohlken, Jakob Holstiege
Alzheimer's Research & Therapy.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Bidirectional association between breast cancer and dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies
Fuxing Bao, Liang Yu, Xiaolei Zhang, Qier Mu
PeerJ.2025; 13: e18888. CrossRef
Changes in the Emergency Department Visits Among the Older Adults With Dementia Before, and After the Nationwide Social Distancing Measures: An Interrupted Time Series Analysis
Jeongmin Moon, Kyung‐Shin Lee, Ho Kyung Sung, Seonji Kim
International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Association between Benzodiazepine and Dementia Risk in Treating Depression after Breast Cancer Diagnosis: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study
Taehwan Kim, Hye Sun Lee, Soyoung Jeon, Dooreh Kim, Eunjoo Kim, Woo-Chan Park, Chang Ik Yoon, Jooyoung Oh
Yonsei Medical Journal.2025; 66(9): 564. CrossRef
Cardiovascular contributions to dementia: Examining sex differences and female‐specific factors
Madeline Wood Alexander, Jane Paterson, Zoe Arvanitakis, Sandra E. Black, Kaitlin B. Casaletto, Marie K. Christakis, Gillian Einstein, Liisa A. M. Galea, Leila Harwood, Amy Kirkham, Sara Mitchell, Judy Pa, Lucas Perri, Tallinn F. L. Splinter, Walter Sward
Alzheimer's & Dementia.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Alzheimer Disease in Breast Cancer Survivors
Su-Min Jeong, Wonyoung Jung, Hyeonjin Cho, Hea Lim Choi, Keun Hye Jeon, Ki-Woong Nam, Yun-Gyoo Lee, Bongseong Kim, Kyungdo Han, Dong Wook Shin
JAMA Network Open.2025; 8(6): e2516468. CrossRef
The risk of dementia in breast cancer survivors: a meta-analysis of observational studies
Shijun Tan, Jiawei Yang, Guiping Guo, Shicui Hong, Li Guo, Honglin Situ
Annals of Medicine.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Inverse association of cancer with diagnoses of dementia in a large health claims case-control study
Stefan Teipel, Manas Akmatov, Bernhard Michalowsky, Steffi Riedel-Heller, Christian Junghanss, Jakob Holstiege, Jens Bohlken
Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease.2025; 108(1): 98. CrossRef
Dementia and Cancer: Unravelling Methodological Biases in a Population-Based Cohort
Amber P. Selie, Kimberly D. van der Willik, M. Arfan Ikram, Jeremy A. Labrecque, Sanne B. Schagen
Neuroepidemiology.2025; : 1. CrossRef
Developing theragnostics for Alzheimer's disease: Insights from cancer treatment
Hyun-ju Lee, Hee-Jeong Choi, Yoo Joo Jeong, Yoon-Hee Na, Jin Tae Hong, Ji Min Han, Hyang-Sook Hoe, Key-Hwan Lim
International Journal of Biological Macromolecules.2024; 269: 131925. CrossRef

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Head and Neck cancer

Long-term Survivorship and Non-cancer Competing Mortality in Head and Neck Cancer: A Nationwide Population-Based Study in South Korea: Yuh-Seog Jung, Dahhay Lee, Kyu-Won Jung, Hyunsoon Cho; Cancer Res Treat. 2023;55(1):50-60. Published online March 4, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2021.1086

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
As the survival of head and neck cancer (HNC) improves, survivors increasingly confront non-cancer–related deaths. This nationwide population-based study aimed to investigate non-cancer–related deaths in HNC survivors.
Materials and Methods
Data from the Korean Central Cancer Registry were obtained to characterize causes of death, mortality patterns, and survival in patients with HNC between 2006 and 2016 (n=40,890). Non-cancer-related mortality relative to the general population was evaluated using standardized mortality ratios (SMRs). The 5- and 10-year cause-specific competing risks probabilities of death (cumulative incidence function, CIF) and subdistribution hazards ratios (sHR) from the Fine-Gray models were estimated.
Results
Comorbidity-related mortality was frequent in older patients, whereas suicide was predominant in younger patients. The risk of suicide was greater in patients with HNC than in the general population (SMR, 3.1; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.7 to 3.5). The probability of HNC deaths reached a plateau at 5 years (5-year CIF, 33.9%; 10-year CIF, 39.5%), whereas the probability of non-HNC deaths showed a long-term linear increase (5-year, CIF 5.6%; 10-year CIF, 11.9%). Patients who were male (sHR, 1.56; 95% CI, 1.41 to 1.72), diagnosed with early-stage HNC (localized vs. distant: sHR, 1.86; 95% CI, 1.58 to 2.21) and older age (65-74 vs. 0-44: sHR, 6.20; 95% CI, 4.92 to 7.82; ≥ 75 vs. 0-44: sHR, 9.81; 95% CI, 7.76 to 12.39) had an increased risk of non-cancer mortality.
Conclusion
Non-HNC–related deaths continue increasing. HNC survivors are at increased risk of suicide in the younger and comorbidity-related death in the older. Better population-specific surveillance awareness and survivorship plans for HNC survivors are warranted.

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Causes of Death in Patients with Cancer: A Scoping Review
Chien-Tzu Lee, Yifeng Gao, Volker Arndt
Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention.2026; 35(3): 379. CrossRef
Longitudinal evaluation of C3- and L3-derived skeletal muscle indices for cancer-specific survival and recurrence endpoints in radiotherapy-treated head and neck cancer
Mehrad Zare, Alisa Mohebbi, Neda Pak, Peyman Mirghaderi, Ali Abbasian Ardakani, Afshin Mohammadi
Oral Radiology.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
Surviving and thriving: Assessing quality of life and psychosocial interventions in mental health of head and neck cancer patients
Liqing Lin, Hao Lin, Renbin Zhou, Bing Liu, Kaige Liu, Ronghua Jiang
Asian Journal of Surgery.2025; 48(3): 1634. CrossRef
Global prevalence and risk factors of suicidality among head and neck cancer patients—systematic review and meta-analysis
Shivani Sharma, Srivatsa Surya Vasudevan, Nakoma Walker, Gaelen Shimkus, Shriya Goyal, John Pang, Kavitha Beedupalli, Cherie-Ann O. Nathan
Supportive Care in Cancer.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Global incidence, standardized mortality ratio, and risk factors for suicide in head and neck cancer versus other cancer population: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Srivatsa Surya Vasudevan, Victor Albornoz Alvarez, Sydney Schwab, Lindsay Olinde, Cherie-Ann O. Nathan
Acta Oto-Laryngologica.2025; 145(8): 726. CrossRef
Suicide and Head and Neck Cancer: A Systematic Review With Meta‐Analysis and Narrative Synthesis
Jeffrey R. Hanna, Kairen McCloy, Jane Anderson, Angela McKeever, Cherith J. Semple
Psycho-Oncology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Time‐varying association of second primary malignancy and long‐term survival outcomes in patients with head and neck cancer
Xiaoke Zhu, Yu Heng, Jian Zhou, Hanqing Lin, Liang Zhou, Ming Zhang, Pengyu Cao, Lei Tao
International Journal of Cancer.2023; 153(1): 94. CrossRef

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Lung and Thoracic cancer

The Value of the Illness-Death Model for Predicting Outcomes in Patients with Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Kum Ju Chae, Hyemi Choi, Won Gi Jeong, Jinheum Kim; Cancer Res Treat. 2022;54(4):996-1004. Published online November 19, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2021.902

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
The illness-death model (IDM) is a comprehensive approach to evaluate the relationship between relapse and death. This study aimed to illustrate the value of the IDM for identifying risk factors and evaluating predictive probabilities for relapse and death in patients with non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in comparison with the disease-free survival (DFS) model.
Materials and Methods
We retrospectively analyzed 612 NSCLC patients who underwent a curative operation. Using the IDM, the risk factors and predictive probabilities for relapse, death without relapse, and death after relapse were simultaneously evaluated and compared to those obtained from a DFS model.
Results
The IDM provided more detailed risk factors according to the patient’s disease course, including relapse, death without relapse, and death after relapse, in patients with resected lung cancer. In the IDM, history of malignancy (other than lung cancer) was related to relapse and smoking history was associated with death without relapse; both were indistinguishable in the DFS model. In addition, the IDM was able to evaluate the predictive probability and risk factors for death after relapse; this information could not be obtained from the DFS model.
Conclusion
Compared to the DFS model, we found that the IDM provides more comprehensive information on transitions between states and disease stages and provides deeper insights with respect to understanding the disease process among lung cancer patients.

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Variable Selection for Illness‐Death Processes Under Dual Observation Schemes
Xianwei Li, Liqun Diao, Richard J. Cook
Statistics in Medicine.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
Risk prediction for ALS using semi-competing risk models with applications to the ALS Natural History Consortium dataset
Andres Arguedas, David Schneck, Erjia Cui, Annette Xenopoulos-Oddsson, Ximena Arcila-Londono, Christian Lunetta, James Wymer, Nicholas Olney, Kelly Gwathmey, Senda Ajroud-Driss, Ghazala Hayat, Terry Heiman-Patterson, Federica Cerri, Christina Fournier, Jo
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Degeneration.2025; 26(5-6): 550. CrossRef
Population-based epidemiological projections of rheumatoid arthritis in Germany until 2040
J Wang, S Vordenbäumen, M Schneider, R Brinks
Scandinavian Journal of Rheumatology.2024; 53(3): 161. CrossRef
A population-based projection of psoriatic arthritis in Germany until 2050: analysis of national statutory health insurance data of 65 million German population
Jiancong Wang, Sabrina Tulka, Stephanie Knippschild, Matthias Schneider, Jörg H. W. Distler, Xenofon Baraliakos, Ralph Brinks, Philipp Sewerin
Rheumatology International.2023; 43(11): 2037. CrossRef
Difference of serum tumor markers in different clinical stages of elderly patients with non-small cell lung cancer and evaluation of diagnostic value
Wen Qin, Ping Wang, CuiMin Ding, Fei Peng
Journal of Medical Biochemistry.2023; 42(4): 607. CrossRef
Lung cancer mortality and associated predictors: systematic review using 32 scientific research findings
Lijalem Melie Tesfaw, Zelalem G. Dessie, Haile Mekonnen Fenta
Frontiers in Oncology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef

7,760 View
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6 Web of Science
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Predictive Value of Interstitial Lung Abnormalities for Postoperative Pulmonary Complications in Elderly Patients with Early-stage Lung Cancer: Won Gi Jeong, Yun-Hyeon Kim, Jong Eun Lee, In-Jae Oh, Sang Yun Song, Kum Ju Chae, Hye Mi Park; Cancer Res Treat. 2022;54(3):744-752. Published online September 28, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2021.772

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
Identifying pretreatment interstitial lung abnormalities (ILAs) is important because of their predictive value for complications after lung cancer treatment. This study aimed to assess the predictive value of ILAs for postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) in elderly patients undergoing curative resection for early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
Materials and Methods
Elderly patients (age ≥ 70 years) who underwent curative resection for pathologic stage I or II NSCLC with normal preoperative spirometry results (pre-bronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 s to forced vital capacity [FVC] ratio > 0.70 and FVC ≥ 80% of the predicted value) between January 2012 and December 2019 were retrospectively identified. Univariable and multivariable regression analyses were performed to assess risk factors for PPCs. The Kaplan–Meier method and log-rank test were used to analyze the relationship between ILAs and postoperative mortality. One-way analysis of variance was performed to assess the correlation between ILAs and hospital stay duration.
Results
A total of 262 patients (median age, 73 [interquartile range, 71–76] years; 132 male) were evaluated. A multivariable logistic regression model revealed that, among several relevant risk factors, fibrotic ILAs independently predicted both overall PPCs (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 4.84; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.35–17.38; p=0.016) and major PPCs (adjusted OR, 8.72; 95% CI, 1.71–44.38; p=0.009). Fibrotic ILAs were significantly associated with higher postoperative mortality and longer hospital stay (F=5.21, p=0.006).
Conclusion
Pretreatment fibrotic ILAs are associated with PPCs, higher postoperative mortality, and longer hospital stay.

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Progression of interstitial lung abnormalities and its impact on mortality in patients with lung cancer resection
Ruolin Mao, Haoyun Zhang, Qing Chang, Yilong Teng, Yanfen Ni, Jiani Chen, Mengnan Li, Ning Xu, Hai Zhang, Yuqing Chen, Jianqi Sun, Kian Fan Chung, Elisabetta A. Renzoni, Yi Lu, Huaping Dai, Feng Li
Chinese Medical Journal Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine.2026; 4(1): 81. CrossRef
Automated quantification of interstitial lung abnormalities and emphysema on computed tomography: a predictive marker for postoperative pulmonary complications after esophagectomy
Seong Yong Park, Yunjoo Im, Jonghoon Kim, You Jin Oh, Joonghyun Ahn, Yeong Jeong Jeon, Junghee Lee, Jong Ho Cho, Hong Kwan Kim, Yong Soo Choi, Jae Il Zo, Young Mog Shim, Hye Yun Park, Ho Yun Lee
Esophagus.2026; 23(3): 582. CrossRef
Cryobiopsy at the dawn of fibrosis: unlocking early diagnosis and therapeutic windows
Claudia Carducci, Naftali Kaminski, Aurélien Justet, Sara Tomassetti
Frontiers in Medicine.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
Prevalence and prognostic significance of interstitial lung abnormalities in lung cancer: A meta-analysis
Ruiyuan Yang, Haoyu Wang, Dan Liu, Weimin Li
Lung Cancer.2025; 205: 108458. CrossRef
Approach to the Evaluation and Management of Interstitial Lung Abnormalities: An Official American Thoracic Society Clinical Statement
Anna J. Podolanczuk, Gary M. Hunninghake, Kevin C. Wilson, Yet H. Khor, Fayez Kheir, Brandon Pang, Ayodeji Adegunsoye, Gretchen Cararie, Tamera J. Corte, Jim Flanagan, Gunnar Gudmundsson, Lida P. Hariri, Hiroto Hatabu, Stephen M. Humphries, Bhavika Kaul,
American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine.2025; 211(7): 1132. CrossRef
Korean Guidelines for Diagnosis and Management of Interstitial Lung Diseases
Chul Park, Yoomi Yeo, A La Woo, Jung Wan Yoo, Goohyeon Hong, Jong Wook Shin, Sung Woo Park
Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases.2025; 88(4): 654. CrossRef
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Hyun Jin Kim, Won Gi Jeong, Jeong Yeop Lee, Hyo-Jae Lee, Byung Chan Lee, Hyo Soon Lim, Yun-Hyeon Kim
Journal of Computer Assisted Tomography.2024; 48(3): 406. CrossRef
Interstitial Lung Abnormalities
Noriaki Wada, Gary M. Hunninghake, Hiroto Hatabu
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Ting Deng, Jiamei Song, Jinmei Tuo, Yu Wang, Jin Li, Lorna Kwai Ping Suen, Yan Liang, Junliang Ma, Shaolin Chen
Heliyon.2024; 10(12): e32821. CrossRef
Survival impact of fibrotic interstitial lung abnormalities in resected stage IA non-small cell lung cancer
Won Gi Jeong, Yun-Hyeon Kim
The British Journal of Radiology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Radiologic Progression of Interstitial Lung Abnormalities following Surgical Resection in Patients with Lung Cancer
Yoon Joo Shin, Jeong Geun Yi, Mi Young Kim, Donghee Son, Su Yeon Ahn
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Pengfei Wang, Li Zhang, Qian Guo, Lifen Zhao, Yanyan Hao
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Clinical implication of interstitial lung abnormality in elderly patients with early‐stage non‐small cell lung cancer
Seong Woo Cho, Won Gi Jeong, Jong Eun Lee, In‐Jae Oh, Sang Yun Song, Hye Mi Park, Hyo‐Jae Lee, Yun‐Hyeon Kim
Thoracic Cancer.2022; 13(7): 977. CrossRef

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Hematologic malignancy

Association between Kidney Function, Proteinuria and the Risk of Multiple Myeloma: A Population-Based Retrospective Cohort Study in South Korea: Taewoong Choi, Wooin Ahn, Dong Wook Shin, Kyungdo Han, Dahye Kim, Sohyun Chun; Cancer Res Treat. 2022;54(3):926-936. Published online September 27, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2021.951

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
While renal impairment is one of the first clinical manifestations of multiple myeloma (MM), declined renal function may conversely be a risk factor for cancers including MM. In this study, we investigated the relationship between chronic kidney disease and MM at a population level.
Materials and Methods
A total of 9,809,376 adults who participated in a nationwide health screening program and had no MM, cancer or end-stage renal disease at baseline were investigated for incidence of MM. The impact of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and random urine dipstick proteinuria, and interactive associations of the two factors on the MM incidence were evaluated.
Results
The general incidence of MM was 4.8 per 100,000 person-years (mean follow-up of 8.3 years). Participants with eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m² (5.8% of participants) had higher MM incidence than those with eGFR ≥ 60 mL/min/1.73 m² (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.29; 95% confidence interval, 1.17 to 1.43). When eGFR was graded into five levels, there was a significant inverse dose-response relationship between eGFR level and MM incidence at the lower eGFR levels (reference: eGFR 60-89 mL/min/1.73 m²). A dose-response relationship was also found with degree of dipstick proteinuria and incidence of MM.
Conclusion
Adults with decreased renal function indicated either by decreased eGFR or presence of proteinuria are at a higher risk of developing MM compared to those without, and there is a dose-response relationship between the severity of renal impairment and MM incidence.

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Silymarin induces multiple myeloma cell apoptosis by inhibiting the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway
Haiyun Liu, Tingting Liu, Junquan Zeng, Quangang Fang
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End-stage renal diseases associated with SGLT2 inhibitors versus GLP-1 receptor agonists in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease
Hwa Yeon Ko, Bin Hong, Sungho Bea, Jae Hyun Bae, Young Min Cho, Yoosoo Chang, Seungho Ryu, Christopher D Byrne, Ju-Young Shin
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Suein Choi, Eunjin Kim, Jinhee Jung, Sung-Soo Park, Chang-Ki Min, Seunghoon Han
Scientific Reports.2024;[Epub] CrossRef

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General

Attitudes toward Risk-Reducing Mastectomy and Risk-Reducing Salpingo-oophorectomy among Young, Unmarried, Healthy Women in Korea: Boyoung Park, Dongwon Kim, Jiyoung Kim, Bom Yi Lee, Junghyun Yoon, Sung-Won Kim; Cancer Res Treat. 2022;54(2):375-382. Published online August 9, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2021.449

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Purpose
This study investigated the attitudes toward risk-reducing mastectomy (RRM) and risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy (RRSO) as cancer prevention options for BRCA1/2 carriers in healthy, young, unmarried Korean women.
Materials and Methods
A nationally representative sample of 600 women, aged 20-39 years, completed a questionnaire on sociodemographic variables, preference for genetic testing, and intention to undergo risk-reducing surgeries after receiving information on the cancer risk of BRCA1/2 mutations and benefits of risk-reducing surgeries.
Results
A total of 54.7% and 57.7% had the intention to undergo RRM and RRSO, respectively, on the assumption that they were BRCA1/2 carriers. Older age and no intention to undergo genetic testing were associated with a reduced likelihood of undergoing RRM (odds ratio [OR], 0.30; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.14 to 0.61 for age 35-39 years and OR, 0.35; 95% CI, 0.20 to 0.62 for no intention for genetic testing) and RRSO (OR, 0.39; 95% CI, 0.19 to 0.79 for age 35-39 years and OR, 0.30; 95% CI, 0.17 to 0.53 for no intention for genetic testing). Women who chose to be single were likely to undergo risk-reducing surgeries (OR, 1.67; 95% CI, 1.07 to 2.60 for RRM and OR, 1.56; 95% CI, 1.00 to 2.44 for RRSO).
Conclusion
More than 50% of healthy, unmarried, young Korean women were inclined to undergo prophylactic surgeries if they were BRCA1/2 mutation carriers. Further studies on decision-making process for cancer prevention in individuals at high risk for cancer need to be conducted.

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Investigating the feasibility of cascade genetic testing for BRCA1/2 in Türkiye: physicians' practices, barriers, and solutions
Irfan Cicin, Tulay Kus, Yesim Eralp, Yüksel Urun, Umut Demirci, Taha Bahsi, Mustafa Bozkurt, Mehmet Ali Nahit Sendur, Muhammed Ali Kaplan, Ahmet Bilici, Sema Sezgin Goksu, Hasan Karanlık, Omer Fatih Olmez, Cagatay Arslan, Fatih Kose, Nuri Karadurmus, Ciha
European Journal of Cancer Care.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
A Scoping Review of Primary Breast Cancer Risk Reduction Strategies in East and Southeast Asia
Filipa Alpeza, Christine Kim Yan Loo, Qingyuan Zhuang, Mikael Hartman, Serene Si Ning Goh, Jingmei Li
Cancers.2025; 17(2): 168. CrossRef
Prevention and empowerment: cultural influences on prophylactic surgical decisions among BRCA mutation carriers in east Asia
Teng Qi, Hanqing Zhao
The Lancet Oncology.2025; 26(9): 1142. CrossRef
Impact of graphical display on the intention to undergo risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy and mastectomy in individuals positive for BRCA pathogenic variant
Yoon-Jung Choi, Younju Park, Boyoung Park, Heejung Chae, So-Youn Jung, Kum Hei Ryu, Myong Cheol Lim, Soo Jin Park, Yoon Jung Chang, Sun-Young Kong
Scientific Reports.2024;[Epub] CrossRef

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