Cancer Research and Treatment

Original Articles

Efficacy of Chemotherapy Following Prior PARP-Inhibitor Treatment in Patients with Ovarian Cancer: Jung Chul Kim, Junsik Park, Yong Jae Lee, Eun Ji Nam, Sang Wun Kim, Sung-Hoon Kim, Young Tae Kim, Se Ik Kim, Jae-Weon Kim, Byoung-Gie Kim, Jung-Yun Lee; Received December 23, 2024 Accepted March 16, 2025 Published online March 19, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2024.1202 [Accepted]

Abstract PDF: Purpose
Considering the current lack of consensus on post-poly (adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase inhibitor (PARPi) treatment strategies, this study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of subsequent therapy and compare the outcomes of regimes in patients with recurrent ovarian cancer after PARPi treatment.
Materials and Methods
This multi-center retrospective cohort study analyzed data on patients diagnosed with ovarian cancer between January 2012 and June 2023 who had previously used PARPi after first- to fourth-line platinum-based chemotherapy. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS), which was the interval between recurrence after using PARPi and subsequent recurrence in the case of recurrence.
Results
Of 318 patients, 147/318 (46.2%) recurred after the PARPi maintenance. Patients were categorized into groups based on subsequent therapy except non-treated (11/147, 7.5%): platinum-based chemotherapy (89/147, 60.5%), non-platinum-based chemotherapy (21/147, 14.3%), other treatments (26/147, 17.7%), and the median PFS (mPFS) for each group were 7.3, 4.8 and 11.4 months, respectively. Among the platinum-based chemotherapy group, the gemcitabine + carboplatin regimen demonstrated a longer mPFS (10.1 months) than the other regimens (6.6 months, p=0.0194). In non-platinum-based chemotherapy, no statistically significant differences were observed among the regimens. And, in the other therapy group, where the proportion of patients with oligometastasis was as high as 88.5%, no significant differences were observed among the therapies, including other modalities.
Conclusion
In the subsequent chemotherapy of recurrent ovarian cancer after platinum-based chemotherapy and PARPi, the gemcitabine + carboplatin regimen demonstrated a potential to delay recurrence more effectively compared to other therapies.

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Preoperative Prediction Model for Early Recurrence of Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma After Surgical Resection: Development and External Validation Study: Dong Hwan Kim, Sang Hyun Choi, Sehee Kim, Hyungjin Rhee, Eun-Suk Cho, Suk-Keu Yeom, Sumi Park, Seung Soo Lee, Mi-Suk Park; Received December 10, 2024 Accepted February 4, 2025 Published online February 5, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2024.1187 [Accepted]

Abstract PDF: Purpose
We aimed to develop a preoperative risk scoring system to predict early recurrence (ER) of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICCA) after resection, utilizing clinical and computed tomography (CT) features.
Materials and Methods
This multicenter study included 365 patients who underwent curative-intent surgical resection for ICCA at six institutions between 2009 and 2016. Of these, 264 patients from one institution constituted the development cohort, while 101 patients from the other institutions constituted the external validation cohort. Logistic regression models were constructed to predict ER based on preoperative variables and were subsequently translated into a risk-scoring system. The discrimination performance of the risk-scoring system was validated using external data and compared to the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) TNM staging system.
Results
Among the 365 patients (mean age, 62±10 years), 153 had ER. A preoperative risk scoring system that incorporated both clinical and CT features demonstrated superior discriminatory performance compared to the postoperative AJCC TNM staging system in both the development (area under the curve [AUC], 0.78 vs. 0.68; p=0.002) and validation cohorts (AUC, 0.69 vs. 0.66; p=0.641). The preoperative risk scoring system effectively stratified patients based on their risk for ER: the 1-year recurrence-free survival rates for the low, intermediate, and high-risk groups were 85.5%, 56.6%, and 15.6%, respectively (p<0.001) in the development cohort, and 87.5%, 58.5%, and 25.0%, respectively (p<0.001) in the validation cohort.
Conclusion
A preoperative risk scoring system that incorporates clinical and CT imaging features was valuable in identifying high-risk patients with ICCA for ER following resection.

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Is Colonoscopy Alone Adequate for Surveillance in Stage I Colorectal Cancer?: Seijong Kim, Jung Kyong Shin, Yoonah Park, Jung Wook Huh, Hee Cheol Kim, Seong Hyeon Yun, Woo Yong Lee, Yong Beom Cho; Received June 4, 2024 Accepted October 2, 2024 Published online October 4, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2024.526 [Epub ahead of print]

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub: Purpose
While colonoscopy is the standard surveillance tool for stage I colorectal cancer according to National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines, its effectiveness in detecting recurrence is debated. This study evaluates recurrence risk factors and patterns in stage I colorectal cancer to inform comprehensive surveillance strategies.
Materials and Methods
A retrospective analysis of 2,248 stage I colorectal cancer patients who underwent radical surgery at Samsung Medical Center (2007-2018) was conducted. Exclusions were based on familial history, prior recurrences, preoperative treatments, and inadequate data. Surveillance included colonoscopy, laboratory tests, and computed tomography (CT) scans.
Results
Stage I colorectal cancer patients showed favorable 5-year disease-free survival (98.3% colon, 94.6% rectum). Among a total of 1,467 colon cancer patients, 26 (1.76%) experienced recurrence. Of the 781 rectal cancer patients, 47 (6.02%) experienced recurrence. Elevated preoperative carcinoembryonic antigen levels and perineural invasion were significant recurrence risk factors in colon cancer, while tumor budding was significant in rectal cancer. Distant metastasis was the main recurrence pattern in colon cancer (92.3%), while rectal cancer showed predominantly local recurrence (50%). Colonoscopy alone detected recurrences in a small fraction of cases (3.7% in colon, 14.9% in rectum).
Conclusion
Although recurrence in stage I colorectal cancer is rare, relying solely on colonoscopy for surveillance may miss distant metastases or locoregional recurrence outside the colorectum. For high-risk patients, we recommend considering regular CT scans alongside colonoscopy. This targeted approach may enable earlier recurrence detection and improve outcomes in this subset while avoiding unnecessary scans for the low-risk majority.

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Association of Shorter Time to Recurrence and Recurrence-Free Survival with Transthoracic Lung Biopsy in Stage I Lung Cancer: Kum Ju Chae, Hyunsook Hong, Hyungin Park, Soon Ho Yoon; Received June 15, 2024 Accepted August 30, 2024 Published online September 2, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2024.560 [Epub ahead of print]

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub: Purpose
We aim to determine whether preoperative percutaneous needle aspiration or biopsy (PCNA/Bx) increases recurrence risk and reduces survival in stage I lung cancer patients, using a nationwide lung cancer registry.
Materials and Methods
We retrospectively included 3,452 patients diagnosed with stage I lung cancer who underwent curative surgery between 2014 and 2019, as recorded in the Korean Association of Lung Cancer Registry. To balance the characteristics of patients with and without PCNA/Bx, we applied inverse probability of treatment weighting. We used cumulative incidence plots and a weighted subdistribution hazard model to analyze time to recurrence. Recurrence-free survival and overall survival were analyzed using Kaplan-Meier curves and weighted Cox proportional hazard ratio models.
Results
In patients with adenocarcinoma, the use of PCNA/Bx was associated with a 1.9-fold increase (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.5 to 2.4) in the risk of recurrence and a 1.7-fold decrease (95% CI, 1.3 to 2.2) in recurrence-free survival. Subgroup analysis based on pathologic pleural invasion revealed that the risk of recurrence increased when PCNA/Bx was performed, with 2.1-fold (95% CI, 1.5 to 2.8) in patients without pleural invasion and 1.6-fold (95% CI, 1.0 to 2.4) in those with pleural invasion. No association was found between the use of PCNA/Bx and overall survival.
Conclusion
Preoperative PCNA/Bx was associated with increased recurrence risks in stage I adenocarcinoma, regardless of pathologic pleural invasion status. In early lung cancer cases where adenocarcinoma is strongly suspected and curative surgery is feasible, the use of transthoracic biopsy should be approached with caution.

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Gastrointestinal cancer

Salvage Radiotherapy for Loco-regional Recurrence of Esophageal Cancer Following Surgery: Won Kyung Cho, Jae Myoung Noh, Dongryul Oh, Yong Chan Ahn, Jong-Mu Sun, Hong Kwan Kim, Young Mog Shim; Cancer Res Treat. 2025;57(1):165-173. Published online July 26, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2024.191

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
There is few evidence regarding the optimal salvage treatment options for loco-reginal recurrence of esophageal cancer. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical outcomes of salvage radiotherapy (RT) in patients with loco-regional recurrence (LRR) after surgery for esophageal cancer.
Materials and Methods
We retrospectively reviewed 147 esophageal cancer patients who received salvage RT for loco-regional recurrence between 1996 and December 2019. A total dose of 60 Gy in 20 fractions was used for RT alone and 60-70 Gy in 30-35 fractions for concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT).
Results
The patients’ median age was 65 years (range, 41 to 86 years). The median disease-free interval was 13.5 months (1.0 to 97.4 months). After a median 18.8 months follow-up, the 2-year overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) rates were 38.1% and 25.9%, respectively. The median OS and PFS were 18.8 and 8.4 months, respectively. The CCRT could not improve OS compared to RT (p=0.336), but there was a trend of better PFS in the CCRT group. Regarding toxicities, the rate of grade 3 or higher toxicity was 10.9% occurring in 16 patients, and it was higher in patients who received CCRT than in the RT alone group (19.6% vs. 6.3%, p=0.023).
Conclusion
Salvage RT alone as well as CCRT could be effective in patients with locoregionally recurrent esophageal cancer.

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Salvage Chemoradiotherapy for Loco-Regional Recurrence of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma After Esophagectomy
Atsuto Katano, Tomoki Kiritoshi, Subaru Sawayanagi, Hideomi Yamashita
Journal of Clinical Medicine.2025; 14(5): 1540. CrossRef

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Lung and Thoracic cancer

Recurrence Dynamics of Pathological N2 Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer Based on IASLC Residual Tumor Descriptor: In Ha Kim, Geun Dong Lee, Sehoon Choi, Hyeong Ryul Kim, Yong-Hee Kim, Dong Kwan Kim, Seung-Il Park, Jae Kwang Yun; Cancer Res Treat. 2025;57(1):105-115. Published online July 23, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2024.150

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub: Purpose
This study investigated the recurrence patterns and timing in patients with pathologic N2 (pN2) non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) according to the residual tumor (R) descriptor proposed by the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer (IASLC).
Materials and Methods
From 2004 to 2021, patients with pN2 NSCLC who underwent anatomical resection were analyzed according to the IASLC R criteria using medical records from a single center. Survival analysis was performed using Cox proportional hazards models. Recurrence patterns between complete (R0) and uncertain resections (R[un]) were compared.
Results
In total, 1,373 patients were enrolled in this study: 576 (42.0%) in R0, 286 (20.8%) in R(un), and 511 (37.2%) in R1/R2 according to the IASLC R criteria. The most common reason for R(un) classification was positivity for the highest lymph node (88.8%). In multivariable analysis, the hazard ratios for recurrence in R(un) and R1/R2 compared to R0 were 1.18 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.96–1.46) and 1.58 (1.31–1.90), respectively. The hazard rate curves displayed similar patterns among groups, peaking at approximately 12 months after surgery. There was a significant difference in distant recurrence patterns between R0 and R(un). Further analysis after stratification with the IASLC N2 descriptor showed significant differences in distant recurrence patterns between R0 and R(un) in patients pN2a1 and pN2a2 disease, but not in those with pN2b disease.
Conclusion
The IASLC R criteria has prognostic relevance in patients with pN2 NSCLC. R(un) is a highly heterogeneous group, and the involvement of the highest mediastinal lymph node can affect distant recurrence patterns.

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Breast cancer

Locoregional Recurrence in Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma of the Breast: A Retrospective, Multicenter Study (KROG 22-14): Sang Min Lee, Bum-Sup Jang, Won Park, Yong Bae Kim, Jin Ho Song, Jin Hee Kim, Tae Hyun Kim, In Ah Kim, Jong Hoon Lee, Sung-Ja Ahn, Kyubo Kim, Ah Ram Chang, Jeanny Kwon, Hae Jin Park, Kyung Hwan Shin; Cancer Res Treat. 2025;57(1):150-158. Published online July 12, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2024.201

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub: Purpose
This study aims to evaluate the treatment approaches and locoregional patterns for adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) in the breast, which is an uncommon malignant tumor with limited clinical data.
Materials and Methods
A total of 93 patients diagnosed with primary ACC in the breast between 1992 and 2022 were collected from multi-institutions. All patients underwent surgical resection, including breast-conserving surgery (BCS) or total mastectomy (TM). Recurrence patterns and locoregional recurrence-free survival (LRFS) were assessed.
Results
Seventy-five patients (80.7%) underwent BCS, and 71 of them (94.7%) received post-operative radiation therapy (PORT). Eighteen patients (19.3%) underwent TM, with five of them (27.8%) also receiving PORT. With a median follow-up of 50 months, the LRFS rate was 84.2% at 5 years. Local recurrence (LR) was observed in five patients (5.4%) and four cases (80%) of the LR occurred in the tumor bed. Three of LR (3/75, 4.0%) had a history of BCS and PORT, meanwhile, two of LR (2/18, 11.1%) had a history of mastectomy. Regional recurrence occurred in two patients (2.2%), and both cases had a history of PORT with (n=1) and without (n=1) irradiation of the regional lymph nodes. Partial breast irradiation (p=0.35), BCS (p=0.96) and PORT in BCS group (p=0.33) had no significant association with LRFS.
Conclusion
BCS followed by PORT was the predominant treatment approach for ACC of the breast and LR mostly occurred in the tumor bed. The findings of this study suggest that partial breast irradiation might be considered for PORT in primary breast ACC.

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Lung and Thoracic cancer

Factors Associated with Postoperative Recurrence in Stage I to IIIA Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer with Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Mutation: Analysis of Korean National Population Data: Kyu Yean Kim, Ho Cheol Kim, Tae Jung Kim, Hong Kwan Kim, Mi Hyung Moon, Kyongmin Sarah Beck, Yang Gun Suh, Chang Hoon Song, Jin Seok Ahn, Jeong Eun Lee, Jae Hyun Jeon, Chi Young Jung, Jeong Su Cho, Yoo Duk Choi, Seung Sik Hwang, Chang Min Choi, Seung Hun Jang, Jeong Uk Lim, Korean Association for Lung Cancer, Korea Central Cancer Registry; Cancer Res Treat. 2025;57(1):83-94. Published online July 10, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2024.073

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub: Purpose
Recent development in perioperative treatment of resectable non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) have changed the landscape of early lung cancer management. The ADAURA trial has demonstrated the efficacy of adjuvant osimertinib treatment in resectable NSCLC patients; however, studies are required to show which subgroup of patients are at a high risk of relapse and require adjuvant epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor treatment. This study evaluated risk factors for postoperative relapse among patients who underwent complete resection.
Materials and Methods
Data were obtained from the Korean Association for Lung Cancer Registry (KALC-R), a database created using a retrospective sampling survey by the Korean Central Cancer Registry (KCCR) and the Lung Cancer Registration Committee.
Results
A total of 3,176 patients who underwent curative resection was evaluated. The mean observation time was approximately 35.4 months. Among stage I to IIIA NSCLC patients, the EGFR-mutant subgroup included 867 patients, and 75.2%, 11.2%, and 11.8% were classified as stage I, stage II, and stage III, respectively. Within the EGFR-mutant subgroup, 44 (5.1%) and 121 (14.0%) patients showed early and late recurrence, respectively. Multivariate analysis on association with postoperative relapse among the EGFR-mutant subgroup showed that age, pathologic N and TNM stages, pleural invasion status, and surgery type were independent significant factors.
Conclusion
Among the population that underwent complete resection for early NSCLC with EGFR mutation, patients with advanced stage, pleural invasion, or limited resection are more likely to show postoperative relapse.

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Breast cancer

Endoxifen Concentration Is Associated with Recurrence-Free Survival in Hormone-Sensitive Breast Cancer Patients: Beomki Lee, Seok Jin Nam, Seok Won Kim, Jonghan Yu, Byung-Joo Chae, Se Kyung Lee, Jai Min Ryu, Jeong Eon Lee, Soo-Youn Lee; Cancer Res Treat. 2025;57(1):140-149. Published online June 18, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2023.1285

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub: Purpose
The metabolism of tamoxifen is influenced by various cytochrome p450 enzymes, including CYP2D6 and CYP2C19, leading to variations in the levels of endoxifen, even with the same tamoxifen dose. However, the clinical significance of endoxifen for the prognosis of breast cancer patients remains controversial. This study aimed to elucidate the relevance of endoxifen level to recurrence-free survival censored with tamoxifen discontinuation (RFSt), representing the RFS for tamoxifen itself, of breast cancer patients and determine a suitable cutoff for prognostication.
Materials and Methods
The study included 478 breast cancer patients. Tamoxifen and its metabolites, including endoxifen, were measured using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. An optimal cutoff was determined with maximally selected rank statistics. Survival analysis and Cox regression were conducted based on this cutoff.
Results
An endoxifen level of 21.00 ng/mL was the optimal cutoff for prognostication. Survival analysis revealed a statistically significant difference in RFSt between the low endoxifen group (≤ 21.00 ng/mL) and the high endoxifen group (> 21.00 ng/mL) (log-rank test, p=0.032). The 10-year probability of RFSt was 83.2% (95% confidence interval [CI], 77.0 to 89.9) and 88.3% (95% CI, 83.3 to 93.5) in the low and high endoxifen groups, respectively. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression indicated endoxifen concentration as a significant factor associated with prognosis.
Conclusion
Endoxifen could serve as a marker for appropriate tamoxifen treatment with a cutoff of 21.00 ng/mL. Based on this cutoff, therapeutic drug monitoring would benefit patients displaying suboptimal endoxifen concentrations.

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Genitourinary cancer

Single Early Intravesical Instillation of Epirubicin for Preventing Bladder Recurrence after Nephroureterectomy in Upper Urinary Tract Urothelial Carcinoma: Jong Hoon Lee, Chung Un Lee, Jae Hoon Chung, Wan Song, Minyong Kang, Hwang Gyun Jeon, Byong Chang Jeong, Seong Il Seo, Seong Soo Jeon, Hyun Hwan Sung; Cancer Res Treat. 2024;56(3):877-884. Published online January 17, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2023.1219

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Purpose
We aimed to assess the effectiveness of early single intravesical administration of epirubicin in preventing intravesical recurrence after radical nephroureterectomy for upper tract urothelial carcinoma.
Materials and Methods
Patients with upper tract urothelial carcinoma who underwent radical nephroureterectomy between November 2018 and May 2022 were retrospectively reviewed. Intravesical epirubicin was administered within 48 hours if no evidence of leakage was observed. Epirubicin (50 mg) in 50 mL normal saline solution was introduced into the bladder via a catheter and maintained for 60 minutes. The severity of adverse events was graded using the Clavien-Dindo classification. We compared intravesical recurrence rate between the two groups. Multivariate analyses were performed to identify the independent predictors of bladder recurrence following radical nephroureterectomy.
Results
Epirubicin (n=55) and control (n=116) groups were included in the analysis. No grade 1 or higher bladder symptoms have been reported. A statistically significant difference in the intravesical recurrence rate was observed between the two groups (11.8% at 1 year in the epirubicin group vs. 28.4% at 1 year in the control group; log-rank p=0.039). In multivariate analysis, epirubicin instillation (hazard ratio [HR], 0.43; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.20 to 0.93; p=0.033) and adjuvant chemotherapy (HR, 0.29; 95% CI, 0.13 to 0.65; p=0.003) were independently predictive of a reduced incidence of bladder recurrence.
Conclusion
This retrospective review revealed that a single immediate intravesical instillation of epirubicin is safe and can reduce the incidence of intravesical recurrence after radical nephroureterectomy. However, further prospective trials are required to confirm these findings.

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The role of intravesical chemotherapy following nephroureterectomy in upper tract urothelial carcinoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Stefano Moretto, Andrea Piccolini, Andrea Gallioli, Roberto Contieri, Nicolomaria Buffi, Giovanni Lughezzani, Alberto Breda, Michael Baboudjian, Bas WG van Rhijn, Morgan Roupret, Alessandro Uleri, Benjamin Pradere
Urologic Oncology: Seminars and Original Investigations.2025; 43(3): 191.e1. CrossRef

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Pediatric cancer

The Role of Early and Delayed Surgery for Infants with Congenital Brain Tumors: Jong Seok Lee, Ji Yeoun Lee, Kyung Hyun Kim, Sung-Hye Park, Eun Jung Koh, Seung-Ki Kim, Ji Hoon Phi; Cancer Res Treat. 2024;56(3):909-919. Published online December 28, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2023.1174

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub: Purpose
The present study aimed to evaluate the role of early and delayed surgery in congenital brain tumors and analyze the clinical outcomes of infantile brain tumors.
Materials and Methods
We performed a retrospective cohort study on 69 infantile brain tumors at a single institution from January 2008 to June 2023. Outcomes were assessed as early mortality (within 30 days following surgery) to evaluate the risk of early surgery in congenital brain tumors. Outcomes of recurrence and overall survival were analyzed in infantile brain tumors.
Results
Surgery-related early mortality appeared to occur in young and low-body-weight patients. Cut-off values of age and body weight were found to be 1.3 months and 5.2 kg to avoid early mortality. Three patients (3/10, 30%) showed early mortality in the early surgery group, and early mortality occurred in one patient (1/14, 7.14%) in the delayed surgery group, whose tumor was excessively enlarged. Younger age at diagnosis (< 3 months of age; hazard ratios [HR], 7.1; 95% confidence intervals [CI], 1.4 to 35.6; p=0.018) and leptomeningeal seeding (LMS; HR, 30.6; 95% CI, 3.7 to 253.1; p=0.002) were significant independent risk factors for high mortality in infantile brain tumors.
Conclusion
We suggest delaying surgery until the patient reaches 1.3 months of age and weighs over 5.2 kg with short-term imaging follow-up unless tumors grow rapidly in congenital brain tumors. Younger ages and the presence of LMS are independent risk factors for high mortality in infantile brain tumors.

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Breast cancer

Impact of Social Support during Diagnosis and Treatment on Disease Progression in Young Patients with Breast Cancer: A Prospective Cohort Study: Danbee Kang, Seri Park, Hyo Jung Kim, Seok Won Kim, Jeong Eon Lee, Jonghan Yu, Se Kyung Lee, Ji-Yeon Kim, Seok Jin Nam, Juhee Cho, Yeon Hee Park; Cancer Res Treat. 2024;56(1):125-133. Published online September 4, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2023.673

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub: Purpose
We evaluated the association between changes in social support after cancer treatment and recurrence-free survival (RFS) in such patients using a prospective cohort study.
Materials and Methods
Data were obtained from a prospective cohort study (NCT03131089) conducted at Samsung Medical Center (2013-2021). The primary outcome measure was RFS. Social support was measured using the social and family well-being (SFWB) domain of the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General. We calculated the changes in SFWB scores before and during treatment and the hazard ratio for RFS by comparing such changes.
Results
The mean±standard deviation (SD) age of the patients was 35±3.9 years, and 71.5% and 64.8% of the patients were married and had children, respectively. The mean±SD SFWB score at baseline was 20.5±5.0 out of 26. After cancer treatment, 35.9%, 10.3%, and 53.8% of the participants had increasing, unchanged, and decreasing SFWB scores, respectively. The decreasing SFWB score group had a higher risk of mortality or recurrence than the increasing group. Risk factors for the decreasing score were the presence of children during diagnosis.
Conclusion
In this cohort, changes in social support after treatment were associated with RFS in young patients with breast cancer. Health professionals should develop family interventions to help them receive proper social support.

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Lung and Thoracic cancer

Clinical Impact of Genomic and Pathway Alterations in Stage I EGFR-Mutant Lung Adenocarcinoma: Jae Seok Lee, Eun Kyung Kim, Kyung A Kim, Hyo Sup Shim; Cancer Res Treat. 2024;56(1):104-114. Published online July 24, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2023.728

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
We investigated the clinical impact of genomic and pathway alterations in stage I epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)–mutant lung adenocarcinomas, which have a high recurrence rate despite complete surgical resection.
Materials and Methods
Out of the initial cohort of 257 patients with completely resected stage I EGFR-mutant lung adenocarcinoma, tumor samples from 105 patients were subjected to analysis using large-panel next-generation sequencing. We analyzed 11 canonical oncogenic pathways and determined the number of pathway alterations (NPA). Survival analyses were performed based on co-occurring alterations and NPA in three patient groups: all patients, patients with International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer (IASLC) pathology grade 2, and patients with recurrent tumors treated with EGFR–tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI).
Results
In the univariate analysis, pathological stage, IASLC grade, TP53 mutation, NPA, phosphoinositide 3-kinase pathway, p53 pathway, and cell cycle pathway exhibited significant associations with worse recurrence-free survival (RFS). Moreover, RPS6KB1 or EGFR amplifications were linked to a poorer RFS. Multivariate analysis revealed that pathologic stage, IASLC grade, and cell cycle pathway alteration were independent poor prognostic factors for RFS (p=0.002, p < 0.001, and p=0.006, respectively). In the grade 2 subgroup, higher NPA was independently associated with worse RFS (p=0.003). Additionally, in patients with recurrence treated with EGFR-TKIs, co-occurring TP53 mutations were linked to shorter progression-free survival (p=0.025).
Conclusion
Genomic and pathway alterations, particularly cell cycle alterations, high NPA, and TP53 mutations, were associated with worse clinical outcomes in stage I EGFR-mutant lung adenocarcinoma. These findings may have implications for risk stratification and the development of new therapeutic strategies in early-stage EGFR-mutant lung cancer patients.

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Stage-specific efficacy of osimertinib in treatment-naïve EGFR-mutant non-small cell lung cancer according to baseline genetic alterations in circulating tumor DNA
Yoshihiko Taniguchi, Akihiro Tamiya, Mitsuo Osuga, Shun-ichi Isa, Keiichi Nakamura, Yasuyuki Mizumori, Tsutomu Shinohara, Hidetoshi Yanai, Katsumi Nakatomi, Masahide Oki, Masahide Mori, Tomohito Kuwako, Koji Yamazaki, Masahiro Shimada, Masahiko Ando, Yasu
Investigational New Drugs.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
A Novel CLTC::RPS6KB1 Fusion in a Poorly Differentiated Carcinoma Involving the Lung and Mediastinum
Mitchell Zhao, Nicholas Protopsaltis, Mina Sabet, Shulei Sun, Grace Lin, Farnaz Hasteh, Wei Song
International Journal of Surgical Pathology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef

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Head and Neck cancer

Outcomes of Salvage Therapy for Oropharyngeal Cancer Recurrence Following Upfront Radiation Therapy and Prognostic Factors: Nayeon Choi, Hack Jung Kim, Heejun Yi, Heejung Kim, Tae Hwan Kim, Han-Sin Jeong, Young-Ik Son, Chung-Hwan Baek, Dongryul Oh, Yong Chan Ahn, Man Ki Chung; Cancer Res Treat. 2023;55(4):1123-1133. Published online May 8, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2022.1046

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Purpose
This study aimed to investigate the oncologic outcomes and prognostic factors of salvage treatments in patients with recurrent oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) after radiotherapy (RT)-based treatment.
Materials and Methods
A cancer registry was used to retrieve the records of 337 patients treated with definitive RT or concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CRT) from 2008 to 2018 at a single institution. The poor-responder group (PRG) was defined as patients with residual or recurrent disease after primary treatment, and the oncologic outcomes for each salvage treatment method were analyzed. In addition, prognostic indicators of recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) were identified in patients who underwent salvage treatment.
Results
After initial (C)RT, the PRG comprised 71 of the 337 patients (21.1%): 18 patients had residual disease, and 53 had recurrence after primary treatment (mean time to recurrence 19.5 months). Of these, 63 patients received salvage treatment (surgery 57.2%, re-(C)RT 23.8%, and chemotherapy 19.0%), and the salvage success rate was 47.6% at the last follow-up. The overall 2-year OS for salvage treatments was 56.4% (60.8% for the salvage surgery group and 46.2% for the salvage re-(C)RT). Salvage surgery patients with negative resection margins had better oncologic outcomes than those with close/positive resection margins. Using multivariate analyses, locoregional recurrence and residual disease after primary surgery were associated with poor outcome after salvage treatment. In Kaplan-Meier analyses, p16 status was significantly associated with OS in the initial treatment setting but not in the salvage setting.
Conclusion
In recurrent OPSCC after RT-based treatment, successful salvage was achieved in 56.4% patients who had undergone salvage surgery and radiation treatment. Salvage treatment methods should be selected carefully, given recurrence site as a prognostic factor for RFS.

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Toxicities and prognostic factors in elderly HPV‐associated oropharyngeal cancer patients treated with radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy
Erkan Topkan, Efsun Somay, Ugur Selek
Journal of Medical Virology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef

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Review Article

Cellular Dormancy in Cancer: Mechanisms and Potential Targeting Strategies: Hye-Young Min, Ho-Young Lee; Cancer Res Treat. 2023;55(3):720-736. Published online March 22, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2023.468

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Cancer is a leading cause of disease-related mortality worldwide. Drug resistance is one of the primary reasons for the failure of anticancer therapy. There are a number of underlying mechanisms for anticancer drug resistance including genetic/epigenetic modifications, microenvironmental factors, and tumor heterogeneity. In the present scenario, researchers have focused on these novel mechanisms and strategies to tackle them. Recently, researchers have recognized the ability of cancer to become dormant because of anticancer drug resistance, tumor relapse, and progression. Currently, cancer dormancy is classified into “tumor mass dormancy” and “cellular dormancy.” Tumor mass dormancy represents the equilibrium between cell proliferation and cell death under the control of blood supply and immune responses. Cellular dormancy denotes the state in which cells undergo quiescence and is characterized by autophagy, stress-tolerance signaling, microenvironmental cues, and epigenetic modifications. Cancer dormancy has been regarded as the stem of primary or distal recurrent tumor formation and poor clinical outcomes in cancer patients. Despite the insufficiency of reliable models of cellular dormancy, the mechanisms underlying the regulation of cellular dormancy have been clarified in numerous studies. A better understanding of the biology of cancer dormancy is critical for the development of effective anticancer therapeutic strategies. In this review, we summarize the characteristics and regulatory mechanisms of cellular dormancy, introduce several potential strategies for targeting cellular dormancy, and discuss future perspectives.

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Original Articles

Gastrointestinal cancer

The Oncologic Implications of Tumor Multiplicity in Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma: Its Prognostic Value Might Be Underestimated: So Jeong Yoon, Sunghae Park, Hongbeom Kim, Sang Hyun Shin, Jin Seok Heo, Jinsoo Rhu, Gyu-Seong Choi, Jong Man Kim, Jae-Won Joh, In Woong Han; Cancer Res Treat. 2023;55(3):948-955. Published online February 27, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2023.290

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Purpose
In the latest staging system of the American Joint Committee on Cancer for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (IHCCC), solitary tumors with vascular invasion and multiple tumors are grouped together as T2. However, recent studies report that multifocal IHCCC has a worse prognosis than a single lesion. This study aimed to investigate the risk factors for IHCCC and explore the prognostic significance of multiplicity after surgical resection.
Materials and Methods
A total of 257 patients underwent surgery for IHCCC from 2010 to 2019 and the clinicopathological data were retrospectively reviewed. Risk factor analysis was performed to identify variables associated with survival after resection. Survival outcomes were compared between patients with solitary and multiple tumors.
Results
In multivariable analysis, the presence of preoperative symptoms, tumor size, lymph node ratio, multiplicity, and tumor differentiation were identified as risk factors for survival. Among 82 patients with T2, overall survival was significantly longer in patients with solitary tumors (sT2) than in those with multiple tumors (mT2) (p=0.017). Survival was compared among patients with stage II-sT2, stage II-mT2, and stage III. The stage II-sT2 group showed prolonged survival when compared with stage II-mT2 or stage III. Survivals of stage II-mT2 and stage III patients were not statistically different.
Conclusion
Tumor multiplicity was an independent risk factor for overall survival of IHCCC after surgical resection. Patients with multiple tumors showed poorer survival than patients with a single tumor. The oncologic significance of multiplicity in IHCCC should be reappraised and reflected in the next staging system update.

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Perihilar and Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma after Resection: Clinicopathological Characteristics, Outcomes, and Implications for Addition of Chemoradiotherapy
Amar Mukund, Namita Sharma, Ankur Jindal, Archana Sharma, Ajay Gupta, Guresh Kumar, Archana Rastogi, Puja Sahai, Nilesh S Patil, Nihar Mohapatra, Karthika Rudrakumar, Viniyendra Pamecha, Hanuman P Yadav
Euroasian journal of hepato-gastroenterology.2024; 14(2): 134. CrossRef

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One-Week versus Two-Week Chemoradiotherapy Followed by Curative Surgery in Rectal Cancer: Long-Term Comparative Pooled Analysis of Two Prospective Multicenter Phase II Trials: Soo-Yoon Sung, Dae Yong Kim, Hong Seok Jang, Tae Hyun Kim, Hee Chul Park, Eui Kyu Chie, Taek-Keun Nam, Sung Hwan Kim, Jong Hoon Lee; Cancer Res Treat. 2023;55(3):918-926. Published online February 27, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2022.1646

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub: Purpose
The optimal short-course chemotherapeutic regimen for rectal cancer has not been clearly defined until now. KROG 10-01 and KROG 11-02 prospective trials investigated the efficacy and safety of 1- and 2-week chemoradiotherapy (CRT), respectively.
Materials and Methods
Patients eligible for KROG 10-01 and KROG 11-02 involved those with clinical T3-4N0-2M0 rectal cancers. They received preoperative CRT and total mesorectal excision. Patients in KROG 10-01 received radiation of 25 Gy in 5 fractions during 1 week with 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin. Patients in KROG 11-02 received radiation of 33 Gy in 10 fractions for 2 weeks with oral capecitabine.
Results
A total of 150 patients consisting of 70 patients from KROG 10-01 and 80 patients from KROG 11-02 were collectively analyzed. With a median follow-up time of 89.2 months, the 5-year overall survival rate was 86.5% in 1-week CRT and 85.3% in 2-week CRT (p=0.841). The 5-year recurrence-free survival rate was 83.5% in 1-week CRT and 77.1% in 2-week CRT (p=0.448). One patient (1.4%) in 1-week CRT and 11 patients (13.8%) in 2-week CRT exhibited pathologic complete regression (ypT0N0M0) after radiotherapy (p=0.006). One-week CRT had significantly higher acute hematologic (12.8% vs. 3.8%, p=0.040) and nonhematologic (38.6% vs. 16.3%, p=0.002) toxicity than 2-week CRT.
Conclusion
Both 1- and 2-week schedules of CRT showed favorable survival outcomes after 7 years of follow-up. But, 2-week course achieved more increased tumor response and decreased acute toxicity than 1-week course.

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Aberrant DNA Methylation Maker for Predicting Metachronous Recurrence After Endoscopic Resection of Gastric Neoplasms: Cheol Min Shin, Nayoung Kim, Hyuk Yoon, Yoon Jin Choi, Ji Hyun Park, Young Soo Park, Dong Ho Lee; Cancer Res Treat. 2022;54(4):1157-1166. Published online January 18, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2021.997

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
This study aimed to investigate whether MOS methylation can be useful for the prediction of metachronous recurrence after endoscopic resection of gastric neoplasms.
Materials and Methods
From 2012 to 2017, 294 patients were prospectively enrolled after endoscopic resection of gastric dysplasia (n=171) or early gastric cancer (n=123). When Helicobacter pylori was positive, eradication therapy was performed. Among them, 124 patients completed the study protocol (follow-up duration > 3 years or development of metachronous recurrence during the follow-up). Methylation levels of MOS were measured at baseline using quantitative MethyLight assay from the antrum.
Results
Median follow-up duration was 49.9 months. MOS methylation levels at baseline were not different by age, sex, and current H. pylorii infection, but they showed a weak correlation with operative link on gastritis assessment (OLGA) or operative link on gastric intestinal metaplasia assessment (OLGIM) stages (Spearman’s ρ=0.240 and 0.174, respectively; p < 0.05). During the follow-up, a total of 20 metachronous gastric neoplasms (13 adenomas and 7 adenocarcinomas) were developed. Either OLGA or OLGIM stage was not useful in predicting the risk for metachronous recurrence. In contrast, MOS methylation high group (≥ 34.82%) had a significantly increased risk for metachronous recurrence compared to MOS methylation low group (adjusted hazard ratio, 4.76; 95% confidence interval, 1.54 to 14.79; p=0.007).
Conclusion
MOS methylation can be a promising marker for predicting metachronous recurrence after endoscopic resection of gastric neoplasms. To confirm the usefulness of MOS methylation, validation studies are warranted in the future (ClinicalTrials No. NCT04830618).

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MIR124-3 and NKX6-1 hypermethylation profiles accurately predict metachronous gastric lesions in a Caucasian population
Catarina Lopes, Tatiana C. Almeida, Catarina Macedo-Silva, João Costa, Sofia Paulino, Carmen Jerónimo, Diogo Libânio, Mário Dinis-Ribeiro, Carina Pereira
Clinical Epigenetics.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
The methylation signature of hepatocellular carcinoma trajectory based on pseudotime and chronological time for predicting precancerous patients
Kang Li, Chaoran Zang, Yanan Zhao, Dandan Guo, Wanting Shi, Tingting Mei, Ang Li, Yonghong Zhang
The Oncologist.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Risk assessment of metachronous gastric cancer development using OLGA and OLGIM systems after endoscopic submucosal dissection for early gastric cancer: a long-term follow-up study
Yun Suk Na, Sang Gyun Kim, Soo-Jeong Cho
Gastric Cancer.2023; 26(2): 298. CrossRef

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5 Web of Science
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Gynecologic cancer

Frequency of Mismatch Repair Deficiency/High Microsatellite Instability and Its Role as a Predictive Biomarker of Response to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Gynecologic Cancers: Joseph J. Noh, Min Kyu Kim, Min Chul Choi, Jeong-Won Lee, Hyun Park, Sang Geun Jung, Won Duk Joo, Seung Hun Song, Chan Lee; Cancer Res Treat. 2022;54(4):1200-1208. Published online December 13, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2021.828

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
This study was to investigate the frequency of mismatch repair deficiency/high microsatellite instability (MMRd/MSI-H) in gynecologic malignancies and the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in patients with recurrent gynecologic cancers according to MMR/MSI status.
Materials and Methods
We conducted a multi-center retrospective review on the patients who were diagnosed with gynecologic cancers between 2015 and 2020. Their clinicopathologic information, results of immunohistochemistry staining for MLH1/MSH2/MSH6/PMS2 and MSI analysis, tumor response to treatment with ICIs were investigated.
Results
Among 1,093 patients included in the analysis, MMRd/MSI-H was most frequent in endometrial/uterine cancers (34.8%, 164/471), followed by ovarian, tubal, and peritoneal cancers (12.8%, 54/422) and cervical cancer (11.3%, 21/186). When assessed by histology without regard for cancer types, the frequency of MMRd/MSI-H was 11.0% (38/345) in high-grade serous adenocarcinoma, 38.6% (117/303) in endometrioid adenocarcinoma, and 30.2% (16/53) in carcinosarcoma. A total of 114 patients were treated with ICIs at least once. The objective response rate (ORR) was 21.6% (8/37) in cervical cancer, 4.7% (2/43) in ovarian cancer, and 25.8% (8/31) in endometrial/uterine cancers. Univariate regression analysis identified MMRd/MSI-H as the only significant factor associated with the ORR (28.9% [11/38] vs. 11.8% [9/76]; odds ratio, 3.033; 95% confidence interval, 1.129–8.144; p=0.028).
Conclusion
The frequency of MMRd/MSI-H is moderate to high in gynecologic cancers in the Korean population. MMRd/MSI-H could be effective predictive biomarkers in gynecologic cancers of any type.

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Immunotherapy plus chemotherapy in patients with advanced endometrial cancer: a cost-effectiveness analysis
Youwen Zhu, Kun Liu, Hong Zhu
Journal of Gynecologic Oncology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Cervical lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma with deficient mismatch repair and loss of SMARCA4/BRG1: a case report and five related cases
Yu Miyama, Tomomi Kato, Masayasu Sato, Akira Yabuno, Kosei Hasegawa, Masanori Yasuda
Diagnostic Pathology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Prognostic factors of 87 ovarian yolk sac tumor (OYST) patients and molecular characteristics of persistent and recurrent OYST
Shanhui Liang, Huijuan Ge, Shuling Zhou, Jie Tang, Yanzi Gu, Xiaohua Wu, Jin Li
Gynecologic Oncology.2024; 187: 64. CrossRef
Immunotherapy in MMR-d/MSI-H recurrent/metastatic endometrial cancer
Renata Pacholczak-Madej, Michele Bartoletti, Lucia Musacchio, Mirosława Püsküllüoglu, Paweł Blecharz, Domenica Lorusso
Expert Review of Anticancer Therapy.2024; 24(8): 717. CrossRef
Expression patterns of mismatch repair proteins in cervical cancer uncover independent prognostic value of MSH-2
Madeleine Charlotte van den Berg, Hege F Berg, Tomasz Stokowy, Erling A Hoivik, Kathrine Woie, Hilde Engerud, Akinyemi I Ojesina, Ingfrid Salvesen Haldorsen, Jone Trovik, Bjørn I Bertelsen, Camilla Krakstad, Mari Kyllesø Halle, Janie Foote
International Journal of Gynecological Cancer.2024; 34(7): 993. CrossRef
Cervical cancer: a new era
Giuseppe Caruso, Matthew K Wagar, Heng-Cheng Hsu, Jorge Hoegl, Guido Martin Rey Valzacchi, Andreina Fernandes, Giuseppe Cucinella, Seda Sahin Aker, Aarthi S Jayraj, Jessica Mauro, Rene Pareja, Pedro T Ramirez
International Journal of Gynecological Cancer.2024; 34(12): 1946. CrossRef
Unraveling the Heterogeneity of Deficiency of Mismatch Repair Proteins in Endometrial Cancer: Predictive Biomarkers and Assessment Challenges
Filomena M. Carvalho, Jesus P. Carvalho
Cancers.2024; 16(20): 3452. CrossRef
Long-term benefit of immunotherapy in a patient with squamous lung cancer exhibiting mismatch repair deficient/high microsatellite instability/high tumor mutational burden: A case report and literature review
Na Li, Zixuan Wan, Dongyan Lu, Ruilian Chen, Xiaowei Ye
Frontiers in Immunology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Immune escape and resistance to immunotherapy in mismatch repair deficient tumors
Guillaume Mestrallet, Matthew Brown, Cansu Cimen Bozkus, Nina Bhardwaj
Frontiers in Immunology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Heterogeneous expression of mismatch repair proteins and interpretation of immunohistochemical results in colorectal cancer and endometrial cancer
Xiangzhao Li, Shifen Zhang, Jiamin Zeng, Sha-sha Song, Xiaoqing Liu, Wei Kang, Minyi Liang, Rui Yang, Hong Li, Li Liang
Pathology - Research and Practice.2023; 248: 154647. CrossRef
Rechallenge with Anti-PD-1 Inhibitors in Patients with Recurrent Gynecologic Malignancies
Migang Kim, Chi-Son Chang, Min Chul Choi, Jeong-Won Lee, Hyun Park, Won Duk Joo
Yonsei Medical Journal.2023; 64(10): 587. CrossRef
Successful neoadjuvant chemotherapy plus sintilimab for locally advanced cervical cancer: case series and review of the literature
Linlin Liu, Xianbo Deng, Shuang Guo, Shouhua Yang
Diagnostic Pathology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
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Hye-Ji Jung, Jong-Ho Park, Jina Oh, Sae-Mi Lee, Il-Yeo Jang, Jung-Yong Hong, Yoo-Young Lee, Hyun Jin Choi
Cancers.2023; 15(24): 5745. CrossRef
Uterine carcinosarcoma with microsatellite instability - does immunotherapy modify the therapeutic scenario? A case report and literature review
Diocesio Alves Pinto Andrade, Eduardo Paulino, Isabela Panzeri Carlotti Buzatto, Danilo Tadao Wada, Warne Pedro Andrade, Andreia Cristina Melo, Angelica Nogueira-Rodrigues
Brazilian Journal of Oncology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
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Yunkai Xie, Weimin Kong, Xiaoling Zhao, He Zhang, Dan Luo, Shuning Chen
Frontiers in Oncology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef

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Breast cancer

Fear of Cancer Recurrence and Its Negative Impact on Health-Related Quality of Life in Long-term Breast Cancer Survivors: Thi Xuan Mai Tran, So-Youn Jung, Eun-Gyeong Lee, Heeyoun Cho, Na Yeon Kim, Sungkeun Shim, Ho Young Kim, Danbee Kang, Juhee Cho, Eunsook Lee, Yoon Jung Chang, Hyunsoon Cho; Cancer Res Treat. 2022;54(4):1065-1073. Published online December 8, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2021.835

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
Fear of cancer recurrence (FCR) is a common psychological issue in breast cancer (BC) survivors during early survivorship but whether the same is true among long-term survivors has yet to be empirically evaluated. This study investigated FCR level, its associated factors, and impact on quality of life (QoL) in long-term BC survivors.
Materials and Methods
Participants included women diagnosed with BC between 2004 and 2010 at two tertiary hospitals. Survey was conducted in 2020. The study measured FCR with the Fear of Cancer Recurrence Inventory and other patient-reported outcomes, including depression and cancer-related QoL. Logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with FCR, and structural equation modeling was conducted to explore the impact of FCR on other outcomes.
Results
Of 333 participants, the mean age at diagnosis was 45.5, and 46% experienced FCR. Age at diagnosis ≤ 45 (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 2.64; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.51 to 4.60), shorter time since diagnosis (aOR, 1.75, 95% CI, 1.08 to 2.89), and having a history of recurrence (aOR, 2.56; 95% CI, 1.16 to 5.65) was associated with more FCR. FCR was significantly associated with an increased risk of depression (β=0.471, p < 0.001) and negatively impacted emotional functioning (β=–0.531, p < 0.001). In addition, a higher FCR level may impair overall health-related QoL in long-term BC survivors (β=–0.108, p=0.021).
Conclusion
Ten years after diagnosis, long-term BC survivors still experienced a high level of FCR. Further, the negative impact of FCR on QoL and increased depression risk require an FCR screening and appropriate interventions to enhance long-term BC survivors' QoL.

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Correlation between symptom experience and fear of cancer recurrence in postoperative breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy in China: A cross-sectional study
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Addressing the Arguments Against Omitting Radiotherapy After Breast-Conserving Surgery for Early Luminal Breast Cancers
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Adjuvant breast radiotherapy in patients aged 65 and over: Not a binary decision
D. Azria, C. Bourgier, C. Lemanski
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Effects of CALM intervention on neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), fear of cancer recurrence and quality of life in patients with lung cancer
Jie Zhao, Menglian Wang, Runze Huang, Jian Xu, Chen Gan, Sheng Yu, Lingxue Tang, Senbang Yao, Wen Li, Huaidong Cheng
Supportive Care in Cancer.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
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Sharon Manne, Katie Devine, Shawna Hudson, Deborah Kashy, Denalee O’Malley, Lisa E. Paddock, Elisa V. Bandera, Adana A. M. Llanos, Angela Fong, Neetu Singh, Sara Frederick, Andrew M. Evens
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Fear of cancer recurrence in South Korean survivors of breast cancer who have received adjuvant endocrine therapy: a cross-sectional study
Seul Ki Park, Yul Ha Min
Frontiers in Psychology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Altered regional homogeneity and homotopic connectivity in Chinese breast cancer survivors with fear of cancer recurrence: A resting-state fMRI study
Li Peng, Xiaofei Hu, Chen Xu, Yuanyuan Xu, Han Lai, Ying Yang, Ju Liu, Yuan Xue, Min Li
Journal of Psychosomatic Research.2023; 173: 111454. CrossRef
Protective Factors against Fear of Cancer Recurrence in Breast Cancer Patients: A Latent Growth Model
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Health-related quality of life in long-term early-stage breast cancer survivors compared to general population in Korea
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Priya Iyer
The Lancet Regional Health - Southeast Asia.2022; 4: 100061. CrossRef

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Gynecologic cancer

Identification of Patients with Recurrent Epithelial Ovarian Cancer Who Will Benefit from More Than Three Lines of Chemotherapy: Aeran Seol, Ga Won Yim, Joo Yeon Chung, Se Ik Kim, Maria Lee, Hee Seung Kim, Hyun Hoon Chung, Jae-Weon Kim, Noh Hyun Park, Yong Sang Song; Cancer Res Treat. 2022;54(4):1219-1229. Published online November 17, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2021.1010

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
This study aimed to identify patients who would benefit from third and subsequent lines of chemotherapy in recurrent epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC).
Materials and Methods
Recurrent EOC patients who received third, fourth, or fifth-line palliative chemotherapy were retrospectively analyzed. Patients’ survival outcomes were assessed according to chemotherapy lines. Based on the best objective response, patients were divided into good-response (stable disease or better) and poor response (progressive disease or those who died before response assessment) groups. Survival outcomes were compared between the two groups, and factors associated with chemotherapy responses were investigated.
Results
A total of 189 patients were evaluated. Ninety-four and 95 patients were identified as good and poor response group respectively, during the study period of 2008 to 2021. The poor response group showed significantly worse progression-free survival (median, 2.1 months vs. 9.7 months; p < 0.001) and overall survival (median, 5.0 months vs. 22.9 months; p < 0.001) compared with the good response group. In multivariate analysis adjusting for clinicopathologic factors, short treatment-free interval (TFI) (hazard ratio [HR], 5.557; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.403 to 12.850), platinum-resistant EOC (HR, 2.367; 95% CI, 1.017 to 5.510), and non-serous/endometrioid histologic type (HR, 5.045; 95% CI, 1.152 to 22.088) were identified as independent risk factors for poor response. There was no difference in serious adverse events between good and poor response groups (p=0.167).
Conclusion
Third and subsequent lines of chemotherapy could be carefully considered for palliative purposes in recurrent EOC patients with serous or endometrioid histology, initial platinum sensitivity, and long TFIs from the previous chemotherapy regimen.

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CircSETDB1 contributes to paclitaxel resistance of ovarian cancer cells by sponging miR-508-3p and regulating ABCC1 expression
Chunyan Huang, Li Qin, Sailan Chen, Qin Huang
Anti-Cancer Drugs.2022;[Epub] CrossRef

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1 Web of Science
1 Crossref

Lung and Thoracic cancer

Long-term Survival in Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients with Metachronous Brain-Only Oligorecurrence Who Underwent Definitive Treatment: Hongsik Kim, Sehhoon Park, Hyun Ae Jung, Jong-Mu Sun, Se-Hoon Lee, Jin Seok Ahn, Keunchil Park, Myung-Ju Ahn; Cancer Res Treat. 2022;54(1):150-156. Published online May 6, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2021.306

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Purpose
Metachronous brain-only oligorecurrence in patients with non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a rare event with favorable prognosis, but the clinical outcome has not been fully determined. We retrospectively analyzed clinical outcomes and prognostic factors in metachronous brain-only oligorecurrence in patients with NSCLC who underwent definitive treatment.
Materials and Methods
We reviewed 4,437 NSCLC patients without oncogenic driver mutations who underwent definitive treatment between 2008 and 2018. Among them, we identified 327 patients who developed 1 to 5 brain metastases with or without systemic metastasis. Of the 327 patients, 71 had metachronous brain-only oligorecurrence without extracranial progression and were treated with local therapy to the brain. Overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and prognostic factors affecting OS were analyzed.
Results
The median OS was 38.9 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 21.8 to 56.1 months) in 71 patients. The 2-year OS rate was 67.8% and the 5-year OS rate was 33.1%. The median PFS was 25.5 months (95% CI, 12.2 to 14.4 months). The longest surviving patient had a survival period of 115 months. Through multivariate analysis, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group ≥ 1 (hazard ratio, 5.33; p=0.005) was associated with poor survival. There was no significant difference in OS between patients with local therapy and those with local plus systemic therapy (18.5 months vs. 34.7 months, p=0.815).
Conclusion
Metachronous brain-only oligorecurrence NSCLC patients who underwent definitive treatment experienced long-term survival with local therapy, highlighting the unique patient population. The role of systemic chemotherapy in this patient population requires further investigation.

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Brain Metastasis of Non-small Cell Lung Cancer After Disease-Free Survival of 5 years: Case Series and Comprehensive Literature Review
Takahiro Suzuki, Shoichi Deguchi, Keigo Matsushima, Shinya Katsumata, Hideaki Kojima, Maeda Koki, Hayato Konno, Mitsuhiro Isaka, Takuma Oishi, Yasuhisa Ohde, Takashi Sugino, Koichi Mitsuya, Nakamasa Hayashi
World Neurosurgery.2024; 186: e353. CrossRef
Complex situations in lung cancer: multifocal disease, oligoprogression and oligorecurrence
Raphael Werner, Nina Steinmann, Herbert Decaluwe, Hiroshi Date, Dirk De Ruysscher, Isabelle Opitz
European Respiratory Review.2024; 33(172): 230200. CrossRef

6,335 View
157 Download
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2 Crossref

Genitourinary cancer

Risk Factors and Patterns of Locoregional Recurrence after Radical Nephrectomy for Locally Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma: Gyu Sang Yoo, Won Park, Hongryull Pyo, Byong Chang Jeong, Hwang Gyun Jeon, Minyong Kang, Seong Il Seo, Seong Soo Jeon, Hyun Moo Lee, Han Yong Choi, Byung Kwan Park, Chan Kyo Kim, Sung Yoon Park, Ghee Young Kwon; Cancer Res Treat. 2022;54(1):218-225. Published online April 15, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2020.1373

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
We aimed to investigate the risk factors and patterns of locoregional recurrence (LRR) after radical nephrectomy (RN) in patients with locally advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC).
Materials and Methods
We retrospectively analyzed 245 patients who underwent RN for non-metastatic pT3-4 RCC from January 2006 to January 2016. We analyzed the risk factors associated with poor locoregional control using Cox regression. Anatomical mapping was performed on reference computed tomography scans showing intact kidneys.
Results
The median follow-up duration was 56 months (range, 1 to 128 months). Tumor extension to renal vessels or the inferior vena cava (IVC) and Fuhrman’s nuclear grade IV were identified as independent risk factors of LRR. The 5-year actuarial LRR rates in groups with no risk factor, one risk factor, and two risk factors were 2.3%, 19.8%, and 30.8%, respectively (p < 0.001). The locations of LRR were distributed as follows: aortocaval area (n=2), paraaortic area (n=4), retrocaval area (n=5), and tumor bed (n=11). No LRR was observed above the celiac axis (CA) or under the inferior mesenteric artery (IMA).
Conclusion
Tumor extension to renal vessels or the IVC and Fuhrman’s nuclear grade IV were the independent risk factors associated with LRR after RN for pT3-4 RCC. The locations of LRR after RN for RCC were distributed in the tumor bed and regional lymphatic area from the bifurcation of the CA to that of the IMA.

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Early-Stage Renal Cell Carcinoma: Who Needs Adjuvant Therapy?
Andreea Ioana Parosanu, Cornelia Nititpir, Ioana Miruna Stanciu, Catalin Baston
Biomedicines.2025; 13(3): 543. CrossRef
Survival pattern of metastatic renal cell carcinoma patients according to WHO/ISUP grade: a long-term multi-institutional study
Joongwon Choi, Seokhwan Bang, Jungyo Suh, Chang Il Choi, Wan Song, Hyeong Dong Yuk, Chan Ho Lee, Minyong Kang, Seol Ho Choo, Jung Kwon Kim, Hyung Ho Lee, Jung Ki Jo, Eu Chang Hwang, Chang Wook Jeong, Young Hwii Ko, Jae Young Park, Cheryn Song, Seong Il Se
Scientific Reports.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Adjuvant Therapy for High-Risk Localized Renal Cell Carcinoma: Current Landscape and Future Direction
Dylan M Buller, Maria Antony, Benjamin T Ristau
OncoTargets and Therapy.2023; Volume 16: 49. CrossRef

6,884 View
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3 Crossref

Head/neck cancer

Intensity-Modulated Radiotherapy-Based Reirradiation for Head and Neck Cancer: A Multi-institutional Study by Korean Radiation Oncology Group (KROG 1707): Jeongshim Lee, Tae Hyung Kim, Yeon-Sil Kim, Myungsoo Kim, Jae Won Park, Sung Hyun Kim, Hyun Ju Kim, Chang Geol Lee; Cancer Res Treat. 2020;52(4):1031-1040. Published online July 7, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2020.310

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
The benefits of reirradiation for head and neck cancer (HNC) have not been determined. This study evaluated the efficacy of reirradiation using intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) for recurrent or second primary HNC (RSPHNC) and identified subgroups for whom reirradiation for RSPHNC is beneficial.
Materials and Methods
A total of 118 patients from seven Korean institutions with RSPHNC who underwent IMRT-based reirradiation between 2006 and 2015 were evaluated through retrospective review of medical records. We assessed overall survival (OS) and local control (LC) within the radiotherapy (RT) field following IMRT-based reirradiation. Additionally, the OS curve according to the recursive partitioning analysis (RPA) suggested by the Multi-Institution Reirradiation (MIRI) Collaborative was determined.
Results
At a median follow-up period of 18.5 months, OS at 2 years was 43.1%. In multivariate analysis, primary subsite, recurrent tumor size, interval between RT courses, and salvage surgery were associated with OS. With regard to the MIRI RPA model, the class I subgroup had a significantly higher OS than class II or III subgroups. LC at 2 years was 53.5%. Multivariate analyses revealed that both intervals between RT courses and salvage surgery were prognostic factors affecting LC. Grade 3 or more toxicity and grade 5 toxicity rates were 8.5% and 0.8%, respectively.
Conclusion
IMRT-based reirradiation was an effective therapeutic option for patients with RSPHNC, especially those with resectable tumors and a long interval between RT courses. Further, our patients' population validated the MIRI RPA classification by showing the difference of OS according to MIRI RPA class.

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Re-irradiation for head and neck cancer: outcome and toxicity analysis using a prospective single institution database
Chiara Scolari, André Buchali, Achim Franzen, Robert Förster, Paul Windisch, Stephan Bodis, Daniel R. Zwahlen, Christina Schröder
Frontiers in Oncology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Double trouble: A cohort study of re-irradiation and laryngectomy – Severity of and risk for pharyngocutaneous fistula
Jeffrey M. Weinberger, Narmeen abd el Qadir, Nir Hirshoren
Oral Oncology.2022; 134: 106069. CrossRef
Current radiotherapy for recurrent head and neck cancer in the modern era: a state-of-the-art review
Yue Li, Yuliang Jiang, Bin Qiu, Haitao Sun, Junjie Wang
Journal of Translational Medicine.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Recurrent/Metastatic Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck: A Big and Intriguing Challenge Which May Be Resolved by Integrated Treatments Combining Locoregional and Systemic Therapies
Franco Ionna, Paolo Bossi, Agostino Guida, Andrea Alberti, Paolo Muto, Giovanni Salzano, Alessandro Ottaiano, Fabio Maglitto, Davide Leopardo, Marco De Felice, Francesco Longo, Salvatore Tafuto, Giuseppina Della Vittoria Scarpati, Francesco Perri
Cancers.2021; 13(10): 2371. CrossRef
Re-irradiation for recurrent or second primary head and neck cancer
Hye In Lee, Jin Ho Kim, Soon-Hyun Ahn, Eun-Jae Chung, Bhumsuk Keam, Keun-Yong Eom, Woo-Jin Jeong, Ji-Won Kim, Chan Woo Wee, Hong-Gyun Wu
Radiation Oncology Journal.2021; 39(4): 279. CrossRef

7,967 View
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5 Crossref

Gastrointestinal cancer

A Multi-cohort Study of the Prognostic Significance of Microsatellite Instability or Mismatch Repair Status after Recurrence of Resectable Gastric Cancer: Ji Yeong An, Yoon Young Choi, Jeeyun Lee, Woo Jin Hyung, Kyoung-Mee Kim, Sung Hoon Noh, Min-Gew Choi, Jae-Ho Cheong; Cancer Res Treat. 2020;52(4):1153-1161. Published online May 4, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2020.173

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
High microsatellite instability (MSI) is related to good prognosis in gastric cancer. We aimed to identify the prognostic factors of patients with recurrent gastric cancer and investigate the role of MSI as a prognostic and predictive biomarker of survival after tumor recurrence.
Materials and Methods
This retrospective cohort study enrolled patients treated for stage II/III gastric cancer who developed tumor recurrence and in whom the MSI status or mismatch repair (MMR) status of the tumor was known. MSI status and the expression of MMR proteins were evaluated using polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemical analysis, respectively.
Results
Of the 790 patients included, 64 (8.1%) had high MSI status or MMR deficiency. The tumor-node-metastasis stage, type of recurrence, Lauren classification, chemotherapy after recurrence, and interval to recurrence were independently associated with survival after tumor recurrence. The MSI/MMR status and receiving adjuvant chemotherapy were not associated with survival after recurrence. In a subgroup analysis of patients with high MSI or MMR-deficient gastric cancer, those who did not receive adjuvant chemotherapy had better treatment response to chemotherapy after recurrence than those who received adjuvant chemotherapy.
Conclusion
Patients with high MSI/MMR-deficient gastric cancer should be spared from adjuvant chemotherapy after surgery, but aggressive chemotherapy after recurrence should be considered. Higher tumor-node-metastasis stage, Lauren classification, interval to recurrence, and type of recurrence are associated with survival after tumor recurrence and should thus be considered when establishing a treatment plan and designing clinical trials targeting recurrent gastric cancer.

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HIGD1B, as a novel prognostic biomarker, is involved in regulating the tumor microenvironment and immune cell infiltration; its overexpression leads to poor prognosis in gastric cancer patients
Shibo Wang, Siyi Zhang, Xiaoxuan Li, Xiangxue Li, Shufen Zhao, Jing Guo, Shasha Wang, Rui Wang, Mengqi Zhang, Wensheng Qiu
Frontiers in Immunology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Proteomic signatures of infiltrative gastric cancer by proteomic and bioinformatic analysis
Li-Hua Zhang, Hui-Qin Zhuo, Jing-Jing Hou, Yang Zhou, Jia Cheng, Jian-Chun Cai
World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology.2022; 14(11): 2097. CrossRef
The distinct clinical trajectory, metastatic sites, and immunobiology of microsatellite-instability-high cancers
Shuting Han, Aik Yong Chok, Daniel Yang Yao Peh, Joshua Zhi-Ming Ho, Emile Kwong Wei Tan, Si-Lin Koo, Iain Bee-Huat Tan, Johnny Chin-Ann Ong
Frontiers in Genetics.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Mismatch Repair Status Characterization in Oncologic Pathology: Taking Stock of the Real-World Possibilities
Roberto Piciotti, Konstantinos Venetis, Elham Sajjadi, Nicola Fusco
Journal of Molecular Pathology.2021; 2(2): 93. CrossRef
The Impact of Mismatch Repair Status on Prognosis of Patients With Gastric Cancer: A Multicenter Analysis
Wen-Long Guan, Yue Ma, Yue-Hong Cui, Tian-Shu Liu, Yan-Qiao Zhang, Zhi-Wei Zhou, Jian-Ying Xu, Li-Qiong Yang, Jia-Yu Li, Yu-Ting Sun, Rui-Hua Xu, Feng-Hua Wang, Miao-Zhen Qiu
Frontiers in Oncology.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Establishment of a 5-gene risk model related to regulatory T cells for predicting gastric cancer prognosis
Gang Hu, Ningjie Sun, Jiansong Jiang, Xiansheng Chen
Cancer Cell International.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
Mismatch Repair System Genomic Scars in Gastroesophageal Cancers: Biology and Clinical Testing
Gianluca Lopez, Konstantinos Venetis, Elham Sajjadi, Nicola Fusco
Gastrointestinal Disorders.2020; 2(4): 341. CrossRef

10,092 View
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7 Crossref

Association of Body Composition with Long-Term Survival in Non-metastatic Rectal Cancer Patients: Jin Soo Han, Hyoseon Ryu, In Ja Park, Kyung Won Kim, Yongbin Shin, Sun Ok Kim, Seok-Byung Lim, Chan Wook Kim, Yong Sik Yoon, Jong Lyul Lee, Chang Sik Yu, Jin Cheon Kim; Cancer Res Treat. 2020;52(2):563-572. Published online December 3, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2019.249

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Purpose
We evaluated the association of body composition with long-term oncologic outcomes in non-metastatic rectal cancer patients.
Methods
We included 1,384 patients with stage(y)0-III rectal cancer treated at Asan Medical Center between January 2005 and December 2012. Body composition at diagnosis was measured using abdomino-pelvic computed tomography (CT). Sarcopenia, visceral obesity (VO), and sarcopenic obesity (SO) were defined using CT measured parameters such as skeletal muscle index (total abdominal muscle area, TAMA), visceral fat area (VFA), and VFA/TAMA. Inflammatory status was defined as a neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio of ≥3. Obesity was categorized by body mass index (≥ 25 kg/m²).
Results
Among the 1,384 patients, 944 (68.2%) had sarcopenia and 307 (22.2%) had SO. The 5-year overall survival (OS) rate was significantly lower in sarcopenic patients (no sarcopenia vs. sarcopenia; 84% vs. 78%, p=0.003) but the 5-year recurrence-free survival (RFS) rate was not different (77.3% vs. 77.9% p=0.957). Patients with SO showed lower 5-year OS (79.1% vs. 75.5% p=0.02) but no difference in 5-year RFS (p=0.957). Sarcopenia, SO, VO, and obesity were not associated with RFS. However, obesity, SO, age, sex, inflammatory status, and tumor stage were confirmed as independent factors associated with OS on multivariate analysis. In subgroup analysis, association of SO with OS was more prominent in patients with (y)p stage 0-2 and no inflammatory status.
Conclusion
The presence of SO and a low body mass index at diagnosis are negatively associated with OS in non-metastatic rectal cancer patients.

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Nutrition and Cancer.2025; 77(3): 360. CrossRef
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T. S. Boldyreva, V. K. Lyadov
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Shameema Farook, Saumya Soni, Arpit Shantagiri, Pankaj Gupta, Anindita Sinha, Mahesh Prakash
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Huiyu Tang, Rongna Lian, Runjie Li, Jiaojiao Jiang, Ming Yang
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Qiutong Su, Jia Shen, Zubing Mei
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Mihaela Jurdana, Maja Cemazar
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Takeshi Nishikawa, Tetsuro Taira, Nao Kakizawa, Riki Ohno, Toshiya Nagasaki
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Giuditta Chiloiro, Marco Cintoni, Marta Palombaro, Angela Romano, Sara Reina, Gabriele Pulcini, Barbara Corvari, Silvia Di Franco, Elisa Meldolesi, Gabriele Egidi, Futura Grassi, Pauline Raoul, Emanuele Rinninella, Antonio Gasbarrini, Maria Cristina Mele,
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Nerea Becerra‐Tomás, Georgios Markozannes, Margarita Cariolou, Katia Balducci, Rita Vieira, Sonia Kiss, Dagfinn Aune, Darren C. Greenwood, Laure Dossus, Ellen Copson, Andrew G. Renehan, Martijn Bours, Wendy Demark‐Wahnefried, Melissa M. Hudson, Anne M. Ma
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Hye Jung Cho, Jeonghyun Kang
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Mingming Song, Zhihao Liu, Feihong Wu, Tong Nie, Yixin Heng, Jiaxin Xu, Ning Huang, Xiaoyu Wu, Yinghao Cao, Gang Hu
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Computed tomography-measured body composition can predict long-term outcomes for stage I-III colorectal cancer patients
Han Zhou, Lei Tian, Yiting Wu, Sibin Liu
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Jiahn Choi, Hye Sun Lee, Jeonghyun Kang
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Wen‐Li Lin, Li‐Min Wu, Wen‐Tsung Huang, How‐Ran Guo, Jyh‐Jou Chen
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Jiyang Liu, Xiongfeng Yu, Xueqing Huang, Qingquan Lai, Jieyun Chen
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Livingstone Aduse-Poku, Shama D. Karanth, Meghann Wheeler, Danting Yang, Caretia Washington, Young-Rock Hong, Todd M. Manini, Jesus C. Fabregas, Ting-Yuan David Cheng, Dejana Braithwaite
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A Nomogram for Predicting the Oncotype DX Recurrence Score in Women with T1-3N0-1miM0 Hormone Receptor‒Positive, Human Epidermal Growth Factor 2 (HER2)‒Negative Breast Cancer: Sae Byul Lee, Junetae Kim, Guiyun Sohn, Jisun Kim, Il Yong Chung, Hee Jeong Kim, Beom Seok Ko, Byung Ho Son, Sei-Hyun Ahn, Jong Won Lee, Kyung Hae Jung; Cancer Res Treat. 2019;51(3):1073-1085. Published online November 1, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2018.357

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
This preliminary study was conducted to evaluate the association between Oncotype DX (ODX) recurrence score and traditional prognostic factors. We also developed a nomogram to predict subgroups with low ODX recurrence scores (less than 25) and to avoid additional chemotherapy treatments for those patients.
Materials and Methods
Clinicopathological and immunohistochemical variables were retrospectively retrieved and analyzed from a series of 485 T1-3N0-1miM0 hormone receptor-positive, human epidermal growth factor 2‒negative breast cancer patients with available ODX test results at Asan Medical Center from 2010 to 2016. One hundred twenty-seven patients (26%) had positive axillary lymph node micrometastases, and 408 (84%) had ODX recurrence scores of ≤25. Logistic regression was performed to build a nomogram for predicting a low-risk subgroup of the ODX assay.
Results
Multivariate analysis revealed that estrogen receptor (ER) score, progesterone receptor (PR) score, histologic grade, lymphovascular invasion (LVI), and Ki-67 had a statistically significant association with the low-risk subgroup. With these variables, we developed a nomogram to predict the low-risk subgroup with ODX recurrence scores of ≤25. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.90 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.85 to 0.96). When applied to the validation group the nomogram was accurate with an area under the curve = 0.88 (95% CI, 0.83 to 0.95).
Conclusion
The low ODX recurrence score subgroup can be predicted by a nomogram incorporating five traditional prognostic factors: ER, PR, histologic grade, LVI, and Ki-67. Our nomogram, which predicts a low-risk ODX recurrence score, will be a useful tool to help select patients who may or may not need additional ODX testing.

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A Novel Nomogram for Estimating a High-Risk Result in the EndoPredict® Test for Estrogen Receptor-Positive/Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 (HER2)-Negative Breast Carcinoma
Víctor Macarrón, Itsaso Losantos-García, Alberto Peláez-García, Laura Yébenes, Alberto Berjón, Laura Frías, Covadonga Martí, Pilar Zamora, José Ignacio Sánchez-Méndez, David Hardisson
Cancers.2025; 17(2): 273. CrossRef
Efficacy, safety, and predictive model of Palbociclib in the treatment of HR-positive and HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer
Wei Wang, Wenqian Lei, Ziru Fang, Ruiyuan Jiang, Xiaojia Wang
BMC Cancer.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Development and validation of a clinical breast cancer tool for accurate prediction of recurrence
Asim Dhungana, Augustin Vannier, Fangyuan Zhao, Jincong Q. Freeman, Poornima Saha, Megan Sullivan, Katharine Yao, Elbio M. Flores, Olufunmilayo I. Olopade, Alexander T. Pearson, Dezheng Huo, Frederick M. Howard
npj Breast Cancer.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Prediction of Oncotype DX Recurrence Score Based on Systematic Evaluation of Ki-67 Scores in Hormone Receptor-Positive Early Breast Cancer
Ji Min Kim, Eun Yoon Cho
Journal of Breast Cancer.2024; 27(3): 201. CrossRef
Development of a nomogram to predict recurrence scores obtained using Oncotype DX in Japanese patients with breast cancer
Akio Shibata, Nobuko Tamura, Keiichi Kinowaki, Aya Nishikawa, Kiyo Tanaka, Yoko Kobayashi, Takuya Ogura, Yuko Tanabe, Hidetaka Kawabata
Breast Cancer.2024; 31(6): 1018. CrossRef
Shear-wave elastography-based nomograms predicting 21-gene recurrence score for adjuvant chemotherapy decisions in patients with breast cancer
Ji Hyun Youk, Eun Ju Son, Joon Jeong, Hye Mi Gweon, Na Lae Eun, Jeong-Ah Kim
European Journal of Radiology.2023; 158: 110638. CrossRef
Prediction of Oncotype DX Recurrence Score Using Clinicopathological Variables in Estrogen Receptor-Positive/Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2-Negative Breast Cancer
Min Chong Kim, Sun Young Kwon, Jung Eun Choi, Su Hwan Kang, Young Kyung Bae
Journal of Breast Cancer.2023; 26(2): 105. CrossRef
Clinicopathological Factors Associated with Oncotype DX Risk Group in Patients with ER+/HER2- Breast Cancer
Ran Song, Dong-Eun Lee, Eun-Gyeong Lee, Seeyoun Lee, Han-Sung Kang, Jai Hong Han, Keun Seok Lee, Sung Hoon Sim, Heejung Chae, Youngmee Kwon, Jaeyeon Woo, So-Youn Jung
Cancers.2023; 15(18): 4451. CrossRef
A simplified risk scoring system for predicting high-risk groups in gene expression tests for patients with estrogen receptor-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative, and node-positive breast cancer
Kwang Hyun Yoon, Suk Jun Lee, Yujin Kim, Jee Hyun Ahn, Jee Ye Kim, Hyung Seok Park, Seung Il Kim, Seho Park
Annals of Surgical Treatment and Research.2023; 105(6): 360. CrossRef
Deep Learning-Based Pathology Image Analysis Enhances Magee Feature Correlation With Oncotype DX Breast Recurrence Score
Hongxiao Li, Jigang Wang, Zaibo Li, Melad Dababneh, Fusheng Wang, Peng Zhao, Geoffrey H. Smith, George Teodoro, Meijie Li, Jun Kong, Xiaoxian Li
Frontiers in Medicine.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
A Novel Surrogate Nomogram Capable of Predicting OncotypeDX Recurrence Score©
Matthew G. Davey, Amirhossein Jalali, Éanna J. Ryan, Ray P. McLaughlin, Karl J. Sweeney, Michael K. Barry, Carmel M. Malone, Maccon M. Keane, Aoife J. Lowery, Nicola Miller, Michael J. Kerin
Journal of Personalized Medicine.2022; 12(7): 1117. CrossRef
Use of a supervised machine learning model to predict Oncotype DX risk category in node-positive patients older than 50 years of age
Austin D. Williams, Kate R. Pawloski, Hannah Y. Wen, Varadan Sevilimedu, Donna Thompson, Monica Morrow, Mahmoud El-Tamer
Breast Cancer Research and Treatment.2022; 196(3): 565. CrossRef
The Role of Oncotype DX® Recurrence Score in Predicting Axillary Response After Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Breast Cancer
Jaime A. Pardo, Betty Fan, Alessandra Mele, Stephanie Serres, Monica G. Valero, Isha Emhoff, Amulya Alapati, Ted A. James
Annals of Surgical Oncology.2021; 28(3): 1320. CrossRef
A nomogram to predict the high-risk RS in HR+/HER2-breast cancer patients older than 50 years of age
Jing Yu, Jiayi Wu, Ou Huang, Jianrong He, Li Zhu, Weiguo Chen, Yafen Li, Xiaosong Chen, Kunwei Shen
Journal of Translational Medicine.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Clinicopathological correlates, oncological impact, and validation of Oncotype DX™ in a European Tertiary Referral Centre
Matthew G. Davey, Éanna J. Ryan, Sami Abd Elwahab, Jessie A. Elliott, Peter F. McAnena, Karl J. Sweeney, Carmel M. Malone, Ray McLaughlin, Michael K. Barry, Maccon M. Keane, Aoife J. Lowery, Michael J. Kerin
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Dynamic contrast enhanced-MRI and diffusion-weighted image as predictors of lymphovascular invasion in node-negative invasive breast cancer
Bo Bae Choi
World Journal of Surgical Oncology.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Prognostic value of the 21-gene recurrence score for regional recurrence in patients with estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer
Minji Koh, Jinhong Jung, Su Ssan Kim, Seung Do Ahn, Eun Kyung Choi, Il Yong Chung, Jong Won Lee, Sung-Bae Kim, Jae Ho Jeong
Breast Cancer Research and Treatment.2021; 188(3): 583. CrossRef
A nomogram for predicting probability of low risk of MammaPrint results in women with clinically high-risk breast cancer
Young Joo Lee, Young Sol Hwang, Junetae Kim, Sei-Hyun Ahn, Byung Ho Son, Hee Jeong Kim, Beom Seok Ko, Jisun Kim, Il Yong Chung, Jong Won Lee, Sae Byul Lee
Scientific Reports.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Development of a Nomogram to Predict the Recurrence Score of 21-Gene Prediction Assay in Hormone Receptor–Positive Early Breast Cancer
Shin Hye Yoo, Tae-Yong Kim, Miso Kim, Kyung-Hun Lee, Eunshin Lee, Han-Byoel Lee, Hyeong-Gon Moon, Wonshik Han, Dong-Young Noh, Sae-Won Han, Tae-You Kim, Seock-Ah Im
Clinical Breast Cancer.2020; 20(2): 98. CrossRef
Ki‐67 index, progesterone receptor expression, histologic grade and tumor size in predicting breast cancer recurrence risk: A consecutive cohort study
Yanna Zhang, Yidong Zhou, Feng Mao, Ru Yao, Qiang Sun
Cancer Communications.2020; 40(4): 181. CrossRef
Estrogen and Progesterone Receptor Testing in Breast Cancer: American Society of Clinical Oncology/College of American Pathologists Guideline Update
Kimberly H. Allison, M. Elizabeth H. Hammond, Mitchell Dowsett, Shannon E. McKernin, Lisa A. Carey, Patrick L. Fitzgibbons, Daniel F. Hayes, Sunil R. Lakhani, Mariana Chavez-MacGregor, Jane Perlmutter, Charles M. Perou, Meredith M. Regan, David L. Rimm, W
Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine.2020; 144(5): 545. CrossRef
Oncotype DX Predictive Nomogram for Recurrence Score Output: The Novel System ADAPTED01 Based on Quantitative Immunochemistry Analysis
Fabio Marazzi, Roberto Barone, Valeria Masiello, Valentina Magri, Antonino Mulè, Angela Santoro, Federica Cacciatori, Luca Boldrini, Gianluca Franceschini, Francesca Moschella, Giuseppe Naso, Silverio Tomao, Maria Antonietta Gambacorta, Giovanna Mantini,
Clinical Breast Cancer.2020; 20(5): e600. CrossRef

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Comparison of the 7th and the 8th AJCC Staging System for Non-metastatic D2-Resected Lymph Node–Positive Gastric Cancer Treated with Different Adjuvant Protocols: Jeong Il Yu, Do Hoon Lim, Jeeyun Lee, Won Ki Kang, Se Hoon Park, Joon Oh Park, Young Suk Park, Ho Yeong Lim, Seung Tae Kim, Su Jin Lee, Sung Kim, Tae Sung Sohn, Jun Ho Lee, Ji Yeong An, Min Gew Choi, Jae Moon Bae, Heejin Yoo, Kyunga Kim; Cancer Res Treat. 2019;51(3):876-885. Published online October 1, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2018.401

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to compare prognostic differentiation performances of the 7th and the 8th edition of American Joint Commission on Cancer (AJCC) staging system for gastric cancer (GC) patients.
Materials and Methods
A total of 1,633 GC patients who underwent curative D2 resection followed by adjuvant chemotherapy alone (CA) or concurrent chemo-radiotherapy (CCRT) from 2004 to 2013 were included. Concordance index (c-index) was applied to compare the discriminatory ability.
Results
In the 8th edition, migration of stage was detected in 248 patients (15.2%). Among them, 121 patients were up-staged while 127 patients were down-staged. Overall, there was no statistically significant difference in the discriminatory ability between the 7th and 8th editions. The new edition of staging system, however, showed a trend of better prognostic performance not only in recurrence-free survival (c-index=0.734; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.706 to 0.762 in the 7th edition vs. c-index=0.740; 95% CI, 0.712 to 0.768 in the 8th edition; p=0.14), but also in overall survival (c-index=0.717; 95% CI, 0.688 to 0.745 in the 7th edition vs. c-index=0.722; 95% CI, 0.694 to 0.751 in the 8th edition; p=0.19), especially in stage III. This finding was repeated in the subgroup analysis regardless of adjuvant CA or CCRT.
Conclusion
Generally, the 8th edition of AJCC staging system had failed to show a superior discriminatory ability for curatively D2 resected GC patients than the 7th edition, although there was a trend of better prognostic performance of the new edition, regardless of adjuvant treatment method.

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An analysis of the relationship of triglyceride glucose index with gastric cancer prognosis: A retrospective study
Chao Cai, Cheng Chen, Xiuli Lin, Huihui Zhang, Mingming Shi, Xiaolei Chen, Weisheng Chen, Didi Chen
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Cancers.2023; 15(5): 1628. CrossRef
Normalization weighted combination scores re-evaluate TNM staging of gastric cancer: a retrospective cohort study based on a multicenter database
Junpeng Wu, Hao Wang, Xin Yin, Yufei Wang, Zhanfei Lu, Jiaqi Zhang, Yao Zhang, Yingwei Xue
International Journal of Surgery.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
A Substage Increase in The AJCC Classification System Improves Prognostic Prediction in Stage III Gastric Cancer With Insufficient Lymph Nodes Removed
Ri-Sheng Zhao, Yi-Nan Liu, Wei-Gang Dai, Si-Le Chen, Jin-Ning Ye, Er-Tao Zhai, Shi-Rong Cai, Jian-Hui Chen
Frontiers in Oncology.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
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C.R. Akshatha, Smitha Bhat, R. Sindhu, Dharini Shashank, Sarana Rose Sommano, Wanaporn Tapingkae, Ratchadawan Cheewangkoon, Shashanka K. Prasad
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Outcomes of Radiotherapy for Mesenchymal and Non-Mesenchymal Subtypes of Gastric Cancer
Jeong Il Yu, Hee Chul Park, Jeeyun Lee, Changhoon Choi, Won Ki Kang, Se Hoon Park, Seung Tae Kim, Tae Sung Sohn, Jun Ho Lee, Ji Yeong An, Min Gew Choi, Jae Moon Bae, Kyoung-Mee Kim, Heewon Han, Kyunga Kim, Sung Kim, Do Hoon Lim
Cancers.2020; 12(4): 943. CrossRef

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Salvage Concurrent Chemo-radiation Therapy for Loco-regional Recurrence Following Curative Surgery of Non-small Cell Lung Cancer: Kyung Hwa Lee, Yong Chan Ahn, Hongryull Pyo, Jae Myoung Noh, Seung Gyu Park, Tae Gyu Kim, Eonju Lee, Heerim Nam, Hyebin Lee, Jong-Mu Sun, Jin Seok Ahn, Myung-Ju Ahn, Keunchil Park; Cancer Res Treat. 2019;51(2):769-776. Published online September 11, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2018.366

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Purpose
This study is to report clinical outcomes of salvage concurrent chemo-radiation therapy (CCRT) in treating patients with loco-regional recurrence (LRR) following initial complete resection of non-small cell lung cancer.
Materials and Methods
Between February 2004 and December 2016, 127 patients underwent salvage CCRT for LRR. The median radiation therapy (RT) dose was 66 Gy and clinical target volume was to cover recurrent lesion with margin without elective inclusion of regional lymphatics. Majority of patients (94.5%) received weekly platinum-based doublet chemotherapy during RT course.
Results
The median follow-up time from the start of CCRT was 25 months. The median survival duration was 49 months, and overall survival (OS) rates at 2 and 5 years were 72.9% and 43.9%. The 2- and 5-year rates of in-field failure-free survival, distant metastasis free survival, and progression free survival were 82.4% and 73.8%, 50.4% and 39.9%, and 34.6% and 22.3%, respectively. Grade ≥ 3 radiation-related esophagitis and pneumonitis occurred in 14 (11.0%) and six patients (4.7%), respectively. On both univariate and multivariate analysis, higher biologically equivalent dose (BED10) (≥ 79.2 Gy10 vs. < 79.2 Gy10; hazard ratio [HR], 0.431), smaller CTV (≤ 80 cm3 vs. > 80 cm3; HR, 0.403), and longer disease-free interval (> 1 year vs. ≤ 1 year; HR, 0.489) were significantly favorable factors for OS.
Conclusion
The current study has demonstrated that high dose salvage CCRT focused to the involved lesion only was highly effective and safe. In particular, higher BED₁₀, smaller CTV, and longer disease-free interval were favorable factors for improved survival.

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Verification of Low Risk for Perihippocampal Recurrence in Patients with Brain Metastases Who Received Whole-Brain Radiotherapy with Hippocampal Avoidance: Youngkyong Kim, Sung Hwan Kim, Jong Hoon Lee, Dae Gyu Kang; Cancer Res Treat. 2019;51(2):568-575. Published online July 16, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2018.206

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to analyze the patterns of failure and survival outcome in patients with brain metastases who received whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT) with hippocampal avoidance (HA) using simultaneous integrated boost (SIB) on metastatic brain tumors.
Materials and Methods
We retrospectively reviewed 42 patients treated with HA-WBRT for brain metastases. A total of 25 Gy for whole brain and 35-55 Gy for gross tumors were delivered with 10 fractionations. Local tumor and intracranial progression were defined as a recurrence or tumor progression in SIB field and any recurrence or tumor progression within whole brain, respectively. Progression in HA zone was defined as the recurrence within the area expanded 5 mm from HA zone.
Results
Median follow-up duration was 10.0 months (range, 4.1 to 56.4 months). Intracranial progression was observed in 13 patients (31.0%) and the median duration from the start of HA-WBRT to progression was 10.6 months (range, 0.9 to 33.0 months). Local tumor progression and new metastasis outside SIB field occurred in 10 patients (23.8%) and nine patients (21.4%), respectively. There was no isolated hippocampal metastasis, except only one patient (2.4%) with multiple metastases inside and outside HA zone simultaneously. Median survival time and intracranial progression-free survival rate at 1 year were 19.4 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 9.6 to 29.2) and 71.5%, respectively, and those for overall survival were 26.5 months (95% CI, 15.4 to 37.5) and 67.9%, respectively.
Conclusion
HA-WBRT was associated with low risk of new metastasis in HA region in the patients with brain metastases. These findings would serve as useful guidance on applying HA-WBRT in clinical practice.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

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Acta Oncologica.2019; 58(10): 1540. CrossRef

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