Cancer Research and Treatment

Original Articles

Determinants of Prostate Cancer Screening in Korean Men: A Nationwide Study Using the Korean National Cancer Screening Survey 2023: Giap Viet Nguyen, Kyeongmin Lee, Hyeon Ji Lee, EunKyo Kang, Mina Suh, Jae Kwan Jun, Kui Son Choi; Received September 8, 2024 Accepted October 28, 2024 Published online October 29, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2024.879 [Accepted]

Abstract PDF: Purpose
Research on the prevalence of prostate cancer (PCa) screening and reasons for undergoing screening is limited. We aimed to identify the factors influencing PCa screening behavior and explore the underlying motivations among Korean men.
Materials and Methods
This cross-sectional study used data from the 2023 Korean National Cancer Screening Survey, which employs a nationally representative random sampling method. This study included 1,784 men aged 40-74 years. The respondents reported their experiences with PCa screening. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify the factors associated with participation in PCa screening.
Results
The lifetime PCa screening rate was 18.6%. Among screening modalities, transrectal ultrasonography was the most frequently used (31.9%), followed by prostate-specific antigen tests (25.6%) and digital rectal examinations (21.5%). The multivariable analysis identified several factors that significantly increased the likelihood of screening participation, including older age, living with a spouse, poor self-reported health, and abstinence from alcohol consumption in the previous 12 months. Men who had undergone colorectal cancer screening were more likely to participate in PCa screening (adjusted odds ratio, 4.01; 95% confidence interval, 2.03–7.93) than those who had not. The primary motivations for screening were recommendations from family or social networks (31.9%) and inclusion in health examination packages (24.3%), whereas healthcare provider recommendations (18%) and symptomatic concerns (5.7%) were the least influential.
Conclusion
Our findings highlight the importance of providing evidence-based information for PCa screening recommendations and the need for improved communication and implementation of a shared decision-making approach for PCa screening in Korea.

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Genitourinary cancer

Bilateral Seminal Vesicle Invasion as a Strong Prognostic Indicator in T3b Prostate Cancer Patients Following Radical Prostatectomy: A Comprehensive, Multicenter, Long-term Follow-up Study: Jungyo Suh, In Gab Jeong, Hwang Gyun Jeon, Chang Wook Jeong, Sangchul Lee, Seong Soo Jeon, Seok-Soo Byun, Cheol Kwak, Hanjong Ahn; Cancer Res Treat. 2024;56(3):885-892. Published online January 5, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2023.1264

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Purpose
Pathologic T3b (pT3b) prostate cancer, characterized by seminal vesicle invasion (SVI), exhibits variable oncological outcomes post–radical prostatectomy (RP). Identifying prognostic factors is crucial for patient-specific management. This study investigates the impact of bilateral SVI on prognosis in pT3b prostate cancer.
Materials and Methods
We evaluated the medical records of a multi-institutional cohort of men who underwent RP for prostate cancer with SVI between 2000 and 2012. Univariate and multivariable analyses were performed using Kaplan-Meier analysis and covariate-adjusted Cox proportional hazard regression for biochemical recurrence (BCR), clinical progression (CP), and cancer-specific survival (CSS).
Results
Among 770 men who underwent RP without neo-adjuvant treatment, median follow-up was 85.7 months. Patients with bilateral SVI had higher preoperative prostate-specific antigen levels and clinical T category (all p < 0.001). Extracapsular extension, tumor volume, lymph node metastasis (p < 0.001), pathologic Gleason grade group (p < 0.001), and resection margin positivity (p < 0.001) were also higher in patients with bilateral SVI. The 5-, 10-, and 15-year BCR-free survival rates were 23.9%, 11.7%, and 8.5%; CP-free survival rates were 82.8%, 62.5%, and 33.4%; and CSS rates were 96.4%, 88.1%, and 69.5%, respectively. The bilateral SVI group demonstrated significantly lower BCR-free survival rates, CP-free survival rates, and CSS rates (all p < 0.001). Bilateral SVI was independently associated with BCR (hazard ratio, 1.197; 95% confidence interval, p=0.049), CP (p=0.022), and CSS (p=0.038) in covariate-adjusted Cox regression.
Conclusion
Bilateral SVI is a robust, independent prognostic factor for poor oncological outcomes in pT3b prostate cancer.

Citations

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Role of [18F]-PSMA-1007 PET radiomics for seminal vesicle invasion prediction in primary prostate cancer
Liang Luo, Xinyi Wang, Hongjun Xie, Hua Liang, Jungang Gao, Yang Li, Yuwei Xia, Mengmeng Zhao, Feng Shi, Cong Shen, Xiaoyi Duan
Computers in Biology and Medicine.2024; 183: 109249. CrossRef

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Oncological Outcomes in Men with Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Treated with Enzalutamide with versus without Confirmatory Bone Scan: Chang Wook Jeong, Jang Hee Han, Dong Deuk Kwon, Jae Young Joung, Choung-Soo Kim, Hanjong Ahn, Jun Hyuk Hong, Tae-Hwan Kim, Byung Ha Chung, Seong Soo Jeon, Minyong Kang, Sung Kyu Hong, Tae Young Jung, Sung Woo Park, Seok Joong Yun, Ji Yeol Lee, Seung Hwan Lee, Seok Ho Kang, Cheol Kwak; Cancer Res Treat. 2024;56(2):634-641. Published online December 5, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2023.848

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
In men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC), new bone lesions are sometimes not properly categorized through a confirmatory bone scan, and clinical significance of the test itself remains unclear. This study aimed to demonstrate the performance rate of confirmatory bone scans in a real-world setting and their prognostic impact in enzalutamide-treated mCRPC.
Materials and Methods
Patients who received oral enzalutamide for mCRPC during 2014-2017 at 14 tertiary centers in Korea were included. Patients lacking imaging assessment data or insufficient drug exposure were excluded. The primary outcome was overall survival (OS). Secondary outcomes included performance rate of confirmatory bone scans in a real-world setting. Kaplan-Meier analysis and multivariate Cox regression analysis were performed.
Results
Overall, 520 patients with mCRPC were enrolled (240 [26.2%] chemotherapy-naïve and 280 [53.2%] after chemotherapy). Among 352 responders, 92 patients (26.1%) showed new bone lesions in their early bone scan. Confirmatory bone scan was performed in 41 patients (44.6%), and it was associated with prolonged OS in the entire population (median, 30.9 vs. 19.7 months; p < 0.001), as well as in the chemotherapy-naïve (median, 47.2 vs. 20.5 months; p=0.011) and post-chemotherapy sub-groups (median, 25.5 vs. 18.0 months; p=0.006). Multivariate Cox regression showed that confirmatory bone scan performance was an independent prognostic factor for OS (hazard ratio 0.35, 95% confidence interval, 0.18 to 0.69; p=0.002).
Conclusion
Confirmatory bone scan performance was associated with prolonged OS. Thus, the premature discontinuation of enzalutamide without confirmatory bone scans should be discouraged.

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ECM-mimicking hydrogel models of human adipose tissue identify deregulated lipid metabolism in the prostate cancer-adipocyte crosstalk under antiandrogen therapy
Agathe Bessot, Joan Röhl, Maria Emmerich, Anton Klotz, Akhilandeshwari Ravichandran, Christoph Meinert, David Waugh, Jacqui McGovern, Jenni Gunter, Nathalie Bock
Materials Today Bio.2025; 30: 101424. CrossRef

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Early Plasma Circulating Tumor DNA as a Potential Biomarker of Disease Recurrence in Non-metastatic Prostate Cancer: Xiaochen Fei, Xinxing Du, Yiming Gong, Jiazhou Liu, Liancheng Fan, Jiayi Wang, Yanqing Wang, Yinjie Zhu, Jiahua Pan, Baijun Dong, Wei Xue; Cancer Res Treat. 2023;55(3):969-977. Published online March 2, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2022.1557

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
In non-metastatic prostate cancer (nmPCa) setting, it is important to early identify the patients at risk of biochemical recurrence (BCR) for immediate postoperative intervention. Our study aimed to evaluate the potential clinical utility of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) for predicting disease recurrence.
Materials and Methods
This real-world observational study evaluated 161 cases of nmPCa undergoing next-generation sequencing at our institution. A total of 139 ctDNA samples and 31 biopsied tumor tissue underwent genomic profiling. The study endpoint was BCR after radical prostatectomy. Relationships between the ctDNA status and the biochemical progression-free survival (bPFS) were analyzed by log-rank test and multivariate Cox regression.
Results
Of 161 enrolled patients, 19 (11.8%) harbored deleterious alterations in NCOR2, followed by BRCA2 (3.7%), ATR (2.5%), and CDK12 (2.5%). Of available pre-operative blood samples (n=139), ctDNA was detectable in 91 (65.5%). Until last follow-up, 56 of 68 patients (85.3%) with detectable ctDNA had achieved BCR, whereas only eight of 39 patients (20.5%) with undetectable ctDNA had achieved BCR. Patients who had undetectable ctDNA experienced significantly longer bPFS compared with those who had detectable ctDNA (not available vs. 8.2 months; hazard ratio, 0.14; p < 0.01). Pre-operative ctDNA status was a significant prognostic factor of disease recurrence.
Conclusion
Pre-operative ctDNA detection could identify patients at high risk of recurrence and has the potential to inform immediate postoperative interventions, but these approaches remain to be validated in prospective studies. ctDNA studies can provide insights into accurate monitoring and precise treatment rather than simply following routine clinical care.

Citations

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Minimal residual disease as a target for liquid biopsy in patients with solid tumours
Klaus Pantel, Catherine Alix-Panabières
Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology.2025; 22(1): 65. CrossRef
Role of Liquid Biopsy in Progressive PSA Patients after Radical Prostatectomy
Marcel Figueras, Lourdes Mengual, Mercedes Ingelmo-Torres, Fiorella L. Roldán, Bernat Padullés, Héctor Alfambra, Sandra Herranz, Pilar Paredes, Gary Amseian, Joel Mases, Maria J. Ribal, Laura Izquierdo, Antonio Alcaraz
Diagnostics.2024; 14(20): 2293. CrossRef
Circulating Tumor DNA Is a Variant of Liquid Biopsy with Predictive and Prognostic Clinical Value in Breast Cancer Patients
Tatiana M. Zavarykina, Polina K. Lomskova, Irina V. Pronina, Svetlana V. Khokhlova, Marina B. Stenina, Gennady T. Sukhikh
International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2023; 24(23): 17073. CrossRef

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A Nationwide Study of Differences in Surgical Treatment Rates and Oncological Outcomes for Prostate Cancer according to Economic Status and Region: Sangjun Yoo, Sohee Oh, Min Chul Cho, Hwancheol Son, Hyeon Jeong; Cancer Res Treat. 2023;55(2):652-658. Published online December 12, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2022.893

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub: Purpose
We investigated the effects of economic status (classified based on insurance type and residential area) on oncological outcomes of prostate cancer using a nationwide database. We additionally investigated oncological outcomes based on economic status and residential area in patients who underwent surgical treatment.
Materials and Methods
The study included 75,518 men with newly diagnosed prostate cancer between 2009 and 2018 in whom oncological outcomes were investigated based on economic status and residential area. Among the 75,518 men with prostate cancer, the data of 29,973 men who underwent radical prostatectomy were further analyzed. Multivariate analysis was performed to determine the effects of economic status and residential area on postoperative oncological outcomes.
Results
Among the 75,518 patients with prostate cancer, 3,254 (4.31%) were medical aid beneficiaries. The 5-year overall survival rates were 81.2% and 64.8% in the health insurance and medical aid groups, respectively. Radical prostatectomy was more common in the health insurance group, and surgical intervention was significantly affected by the residential area. Among patients who underwent surgery, 5-year androgen deprivation therapy–free and overall survival were better in the health insurance group. Multivariate analysis showed that insurance type and residential area were significantly associated with the androgen deprivation therapy–free and overall survival after adjustment for other variables.
Conclusion
Economic status and residential area were shown to affect not only treatment patterns but also post-diagnosis and postoperative oncological outcomes. Political support for early diagnosis and appropriate treatment of prostate cancer is warranted for medically vulnerable populations.

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Optimal Definition of Biochemical Recurrence in Patients Who Receive Salvage Radiotherapy Following Radical Prostatectomy for Prostate Cancer: Sung Uk Lee, Jae-Sung Kim, Young Seok Kim, Jaeho Cho, Seo Hee Choi, Taek-Keun Nam, Song Mi Jeong, Youngkyong Kim, Youngmin Choi, Dong Eun Lee, Won Park, Kwan Ho Cho; Cancer Res Treat. 2022;54(4):1191-1199. Published online December 7, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2021.985

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
This study proposed the optimal definition of biochemical recurrence (BCR) after salvage radiotherapy (SRT) following radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer.
Materials and Methods
Among 1,117 patients who had received SRT, data from 205 hormone-naïve patients who experienced post-SRT prostate-specific antigen (PSA) elevation were included in a multi-institutional database. The primary endpoint was to determine the PSA parameters predictive of distant metastasis (DM). Absolute serum PSA levels and the prostate-specific antigen doubling time (PSA-DT) were adopted as PSA parameters.
Results
When BCR was defined based on serum PSA levels ranging from 0.4 ng/mL to nadir+2.0 ng/mL, the 5-year probability of DM was 27.6%-33.7%. The difference in the 5-year probability of DM became significant when BCR was defined as a serum PSA level of 0.8 ng/ml or higher (1.0-2.0 ng/mL). Application of a serum PSA level of ≥ 0.8 ng/mL yielded a c-index value of 0.589. When BCR was defined based on the PSA-DT, the 5-year probability was 22.7%-39.4%. The difference was significant when BCR was defined as a PSA-DT ≤ 3 months and ≤ 6 months. Application of a PSA-DT ≤ 6 months yielded the highest c-index (0.660). These two parameters complemented each other; for patients meeting both PSA parameters, the probability of DM was 39.5%-44.5%; for those not meeting either parameter, the probability was 0.0%-3.1%.
Conclusion
A serum PSA level > 0.8 ng/mL was a reasonable threshold for the definition of BCR after SRT. In addition, a PSA-DT ≤ 6 months was significantly predictive of subsequent DM, and combined application of both parameters enhanced predictability.

Citations

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New Prostate MRI Scoring Systems (PI-QUAL, PRECISE, PI-RR, and PI-FAB): AJR Expert Panel Narrative Review
Adriano Basso Dias, Silvia D. Chang, Fiona M. Fennessy, Soleen Ghafoor, Sangeet Ghai, Valeria Panebianco, Andrei S. Purysko, Francesco Giganti
American Journal of Roentgenology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
A Prospective Randomized Multicenter Study on the Impact of [18F]F-Choline PET/CT Versus Conventional Imaging for Staging Intermediate- to High-Risk Prostate Cancer
Laura Evangelista, Fabio Zattoni, Marta Burei, Daniele Bertin, Eugenio Borsatti, Tanja Baresic, Mohsen Farsad, Emanuela Trenti, Mirco Bartolomei, Stefano Panareo, Luca Urso, Giuseppe Trifirò, Elisabetta Brugola, Franca Chierichetti, Davide Donner, Lucia S
Journal of Nuclear Medicine.2024; 65(7): 1013. CrossRef
Comparison of the Effects of DOTA and NOTA Chelators on 64Cu-Cudotadipep and 64Cu-Cunotadipep for Prostate Cancer
Inki Lee, Min Hwan Kim, Kyongkyu Lee, Keumrok Oh, Hyunwoo Lim, Jae Hun Ahn, Yong Jin Lee, Gi Jeong Cheon, Dae Yoon Chi, Sang Moo Lim
Diagnostics.2023; 13(16): 2649. CrossRef

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Genitourinary Cancer

A Predictive Model Based on Bi-parametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Clinical Parameters for Clinically Significant Prostate Cancer in the Korean Population: Tae Il Noh, Chang Wan Hyun, Ha Eun Kang, Hyun Jung Jin, Jong Hyun Tae, Ji Sung Shim, Sung Gu Kang, Deuk Jae Sung, Jun Cheon, Jeong Gu Lee, Seok Ho Kang; Cancer Res Treat. 2021;53(4):1148-1155. Published online December 31, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2020.1068

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
This study aimed to develop and validate a predictive model for the assessment of clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa) in men, prior to prostate biopsies, based on bi-parametric magnetic resonance imaging (bpMRI) and clinical parameters.
Materials and Methods
We retrospectively analyzed 300 men with clinical suspicion of prostate cancer (prostate-specific antigen [PSA] ≥ 4.0 ng/mL and/or abnormal findings in a digital rectal examination), who underwent bpMRI-ultrasound fusion transperineal targeted and systematic biopsies in the same session, at a Korean university hospital. Predictive models, based on Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data Systems scores of bpMRI and clinical parameters, were developed to detect csPCa (intermediate/high grade [Gleason score ≥ 3+4]) and compared by analyzing the areas under the curves and decision curves.
Results
A predictive model defined by the combination of bpMRI and clinical parameters (age, PSA density) showed high discriminatory power (area under the curve, 0.861) and resulted in a significant net benefit on decision curve analysis. Applying a probability threshold of 7.5%, 21.6% of men could avoid unnecessary prostate biopsy, while only 1.0% of significant prostate cancers were missed.
Conclusion
This predictive model provided a reliable and measurable means of risk stratification of csPCa, with high discriminatory power and great net benefit. It could be a useful tool for clinical decision-making prior to prostate biopsies.

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Abbreviated MRI Protocols in the Abdomen and Pelvis
Kristina I. Ringe, Jin Wang, Ying Deng, Shan Pi, Amine Geahchan, Bachir Taouli, Mustafa R. Bashir
Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging.2024; 59(1): 58. CrossRef
Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Clinical, and Biopsy Findings in Suspected Prostate Cancer
Arya Haj-Mirzaian, Kristine S. Burk, Ronilda Lacson, Daniel I. Glazer, Sanjay Saini, Adam S. Kibel, Ramin Khorasani
JAMA Network Open.2024; 7(3): e244258. CrossRef
The Barcelona Predictive Model of Clinically Significant Prostate Cancer
Juan Morote, Angel Borque-Fernando, Marina Triquell, Anna Celma, Lucas Regis, Manel Escobar, Richard Mast, Inés M. de Torres, María E. Semidey, José M. Abascal, Carles Sola, Pol Servian, Daniel Salvador, Anna Santamaría, Jacques Planas, Luis M. Esteban, E
Cancers.2022; 14(6): 1589. CrossRef
Efficacy of Tadalafil in Penile Rehabilitation Started Before Nerve-Sparing Robot-Assisted Radical Prostatectomy: A Double-Blind Pilot Study
Tae Il Noh, Ji Sung Shim, Sung Gu Kang, Jun Cheon, Jeong Gu Lee, Seok Ho Kang
Sexual Medicine.2022; 10(3): 1. CrossRef
Comparative Analysis of PSA Density and an MRI-Based Predictive Model to Improve the Selection of Candidates for Prostate Biopsy
Juan Morote, Angel Borque-Fernando, Marina Triquell, Anna Celma, Lucas Regis, Richard Mast, Inés M. de Torres, María E. Semidey, José M. Abascal, Pol Servian, Anna Santamaría, Jacques Planas, Luis M. Esteban, Enrique Trilla
Cancers.2022; 14(10): 2374. CrossRef
Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Based Predictive Models for Clinically Significant Prostate Cancer: A Systematic Review
Marina Triquell, Miriam Campistol, Ana Celma, Lucas Regis, Mercè Cuadras, Jacques Planas, Enrique Trilla, Juan Morote
Cancers.2022; 14(19): 4747. CrossRef

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Urologic cancer

External Validation of the Long Short-Term Memory Artificial Neural Network-Based SCaP Survival Calculator for Prediction of Prostate Cancer Survival: Bumjin Lim, Kwang Suk Lee, Young Hwa Lee, Suah Kim, Choongki Min, Ju-Young Park, Hye Sun Lee, Jin Seon Cho, Sun Il Kim, Byung Ha Chung, Choung-Soo Kim, Kyo Chul Koo; Cancer Res Treat. 2021;53(2):558-566. Published online October 6, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2020.637

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Purpose
Decision-making for treatment of newly diagnosed prostate cancer (PCa) is complex due to the multiple initial treatment modalities available. We aimed to externally validate the SCaP (Severance Study Group of Prostate Cancer) Survival Calculator that incorporates a long short-term memory artificial neural network (ANN) model to estimate survival outcomes of PCa according to initial treatment modality. Materials and Methods The validation cohort consisted of clinicopathological data of 4,415 patients diagnosed with biopsy-proven PCa between April 2005 and November 2018 at three institutions. Area under the curves (AUCs) and time-to-event calibration plots were utilized to determine the predictive accuracies of the SCaP Survival Calculator in terms of progression to castration-resistant PCa (CRPC)–free survival, cancer-specific survival (CSS), and overall survival (OS). Results Excellent discrimination was observed for CRPC-free survival, CSS, and OS outcomes, with AUCs of 0.962, 0.944, and 0.884 for 5-year outcomes and 0.959, 0.928, and 0.854 for 10-year outcomes, respectively. The AUC values were higher for all survival endpoints compared to those of the development cohort. Calibration plots showed that predicted probabilities of 5-year survival endpoints had concordance comparable to those of the observed frequencies. However, calibration performances declined for 10-year predictions with an overall underestimation. Conclusion The SCaP Survival Calculator is a reliable and useful tool for determining the optimal initial treatment modality and for guiding survival predictions for patients with newly diagnosed PCa. Further modifications in the ANN model incorporating cases with more extended follow-up periods are warranted to improve the ANN model for long-term predictions.

Citations

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Harnessing machine learning to predict prostate cancer survival: a review
Sungun Bang, Young Jin Ahn, Kyo Chul Koo
Frontiers in Oncology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Application of artificial intelligence in the diagnosis and treatment of urinary tumors
Mengying Zhu, Zhichao Gu, Fang Chen, Xi Chen, Yue Wang, Guohua Zhao
Frontiers in Oncology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Computational Intelligence in Cancer Diagnostics: A Contemporary Review of Smart Phone Apps, Current Problems, and Future Research Potentials
Somit Jain, Dharmik Naicker, Ritu Raj, Vedanshu Patel, Yuh-Chung Hu, Kathiravan Srinivasan, Chun-Ping Jen
Diagnostics.2023; 13(9): 1563. CrossRef
Development and external validation of a machine learning-based model to classify uric acid stones in patients with kidney stones of Hounsfield units < 800
Ben H. Chew, Victor K. F. Wong, Abdulghafour Halawani, Sujin Lee, Sangyeop Baek, Hoyong Kang, Kyo Chul Koo
Urolithiasis.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Multilayer perceptron-based prediction of stroke mimics in prehospital triage
Zheyu Zhang, Dengfeng Zhou, Jungen Zhang, Yuyun Xu, Gaoping Lin, Bo Jin, Yingchuan Liang, Yu Geng, Sheng Zhang
Scientific Reports.2022;[Epub] CrossRef

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Genitourinary cancer

Cause of Mortality after Radical Prostatectomy and the Impact of Comorbidity in Men with Prostate Cancer: A Multi-institutional Study in Korea: Sahyun Pak, Dalsan You, In Gab Jeong, Dong-Eun Lee, Sung Han Kim, Jae Young Joung, Kang-Hyun Lee, Jun Hyuk Hong, Choung-Soo Kim, Hanjong Ahn; Cancer Res Treat. 2020;52(4):1242-1250. Published online July 3, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2020.286

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub: Purpose
This study aimed to examine the causes of death in Korean patients who underwent radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer and investigate the relationship between comorbidity and mortality.
Materials and Methods
We conducted a retrospective multicenter cohort study including 4,064 consecutive patients who had prostate cancer and underwent radical prostatectomy between January 1998 and June 2013. The primary endpoint of this study was all-cause mortality, and the secondary endpoints were cancer-specific mortality (CSM) and other-cause mortality (OCM). Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) was calculated to assess the comorbidities of each patient.
Results
Of 4,064 patients, 446 (11.0%) died during follow-up. The cause of death was prostate cancer in 132 patients (29.6%), other cancers in 121 patients (27.1%), and vascular disease in 57 patients (12.8%) in our cohort. The overall 10-year CSM rate was lower than the OCM rate (4.6% vs. 10.5%). The 10-year CSM rate was lower than the OCM rate in low- to intermediate-risk group patients (1.2% vs. 10.6%), whereas they were similar in high-risk group patients (11.8% vs. 10.1%). In the multivariable analysis, CCI was independently associated with all-cause mortality after radical prostatectomy, regardless of age and pathologic features.
Conclusion
Death from prostate cancer was rare in Korean men who underwent radical prostatectomy. Clinicians should be aware of the possibility of overtreatment of low-risk prostate cancer in men with significant comorbidity. Our findings may help to facilitate counseling and plan management in this patient group.

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Diagnostic Accuracy and Value of Magnetic Resonance Imaging–Ultrasound Fusion Transperineal Targeted and Template Systematic Prostate Biopsy Based on Bi-parametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Tae Il Noh, Jong Hyun Tae, Hyung Keun Kim, Ji Sung Shim, Sung Gu Kang, Deuk Jae Sung, Jun Cheon, Jeong Gu Lee, Seok Ho Kang; Cancer Res Treat. 2020;52(3):714-721. Published online February 10, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2019.716

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to investigate the diagnostic value of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)–ultrasound (US) fusion transperineal targeted biopsy (FTB) and fusion template systematic biopsy (FSB) for prostate cancer (PCa) and clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa) (intermediate/high grade [Gleason score ≥ 3+4]) based on bi-parametric MRI (bpMRI).
Materials and methods
Retrospectively, we analyzed 300 patients with elevated prostate-specific antigen (≥ 4.0 ng/mL) and/or abnormal findings in a digital rectal examination at the Korea University Hospital. All 300 men underwent bpMRI-US fusion transperineal FTB and FSB in the period from April 2017 to March 2019.
Results
PCas were detected in 158 of 300 men (52.7%), and the prevalence of csPCa was 34.0%. CsPCas were detected in 12 of 102 (11.8%) with Prostate Imaging-Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) 3, 42 of 92 (45.7%) with PI-RADS 4, respectively; and 45 of 62 (72.6%) men with PI-RADS 5, respectively. BpMRI showed a sensitivity of 95.1% and negative predictive value of 89.6% for csPCa. FTB detected additional csPCa in 33 men (12.9%) compared to FSB. Compared to FTB, FSB detected additional csPCa in 10 men (3.9%).
Conclusion
BpMRI-US FTB and FSB improved detection of PCa and csPCa. The accuracy of bi-parametric MRI is comparable with that of multi-parametric MRI. Further, it is rapid, simpler, cheaper, and no side effects of contrast media. Therefore, it is expected that bpMRI-US transperineal FTB and FSB could be a good alternative to conventional US-guided transrectal biopsy, which is the current gold standard.

Citations

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Diagnostic performance of transperineal prostate targeted biopsy alone according to the PI-RADS score based on bi-parametric magnetic resonance imaging
Tae Il Noh, Ji Sung Shim, Seok Ho Kang, Jun Cheon, Sung Gu Kang
Frontiers in Oncology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Efficacy of Tadalafil in Penile Rehabilitation Started Before Nerve-Sparing Robot-Assisted Radical Prostatectomy: A Double-Blind Pilot Study
Tae Il Noh, Ji Sung Shim, Sung Gu Kang, Jun Cheon, Jeong Gu Lee, Seok Ho Kang
Sexual Medicine.2022; 10(3): 1. CrossRef
Concordance between biparametric MRI, transperineal targeted plus systematic MRI-ultrasound fusion prostate biopsy, and radical prostatectomy pathology
Tae Il Noh, Ji Sung Shim, Sung Gu Kang, Jun Cheon, Jeong Gu Lee, Jeong Hyeon Lee, Seok Ho Kang
Scientific Reports.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Three-dimensional ultrasound integrating nomogram and the blood flow image for prostate cancer diagnosis and biopsy: A retrospective study
Dong Chen, Yingjie Niu, Haitao Chen, Dequan Liu, Rong Guo, Nan Yao, Zhiyao Li, Xiaomao Luo, Hongyang Li, Shicong Tang
Frontiers in Oncology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Comparison between biparametric and multiparametric MRI in predicting muscle invasion by bladder cancer based on the VI-RADS
Tae Il Noh, Ji Sung Shim, Sung Gu Kang, Deuk Jae Sung, Jun Cheon, Ki Choon Sim, Seok Ho Kang
Scientific Reports.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
A Predictive Model Based on Bi-parametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Clinical Parameters for Clinically Significant Prostate Cancer in the Korean Population
Tae Il Noh, Chang Wan Hyun, Ha Eun Kang, Hyun Jung Jin, Jong Hyun Tae, Ji Sung Shim, Sung Gu Kang, Deuk Jae Sung, Jun Cheon, Jeong Gu Lee, Seok Ho Kang
Cancer Research and Treatment.2021; 53(4): 1148. CrossRef
PSA Based Biomarkers, Imagistic Techniques and Combined Tests for a Better Diagnostic of Localized Prostate Cancer
Vlad Cristian Munteanu, Raluca Andrada Munteanu, Diana Gulei, Vlad Horia Schitcu, Bogdan Petrut, Ioana Berindan Neagoe, Patriciu Achimas Cadariu, Ioan Coman
Diagnostics.2020; 10(10): 806. CrossRef

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Clinical Outcomes of Postoperative Radiotherapy Following Radical Prostatectomy in Patients with Localized Prostate Cancer: A Multicenter Retrospective Study (KROG 18-01) of a Korean Population: Sung Uk Lee, Kwan Ho Cho, Won Park, Won Kyung Cho, Jae-Sung Kim, Chan Woo Wee, Young Seok Kim, Jin Ho Kim, Taek-Keun Nam, Jaeho Cho, Song Mi Jeong, Youngkyong Kim, Su Jung Shim, Youngmin Choi, Jun-Sang Kim; Cancer Res Treat. 2020;52(1):167-180. Published online June 25, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2019.126

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical outcomes of postoperative radiotherapy (PORT) patients who underwent radical prostatectomy for localized prostate cancer.
Materials and Methods
Localized prostate cancer patients who received PORT after radical prostatectomy between 2001 and 2012 were identified retrospectively in a multi-institutional database. In total, 1,117 patients in 19 institutions were included. Biochemical failure after PORT was defined as prostate-specific antigen (PSA) ≥ nadir+2 after PORT or initiation of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) for increasing PSA regardless of its value.
Results
Ten-year biochemical failure-free survival, clinical failure-free survival, distant metastasisfree survival, overall survival (OS), and cause-specific survival were 60.5%, 76.2%, 84.4%, 91.1%, and 96.6%, respectively, at a median of 84 months after PORT. Pre-PORT PSA ≤ 0.5 ng/ml and Gleason’s score ≤ 7 predicted favorable clinical outcomes, with 10-year OS rates of 92.5% and 94.1%, respectively. The 10-year OS rate was 82.7% for patients with a PSA > 1.0 ng/mL and 86.0% for patients with a Gleason score of 8-10. The addition of longterm ADT (≥ 12 months) to PORT improved OS, particularly in those with a Gleason score of 8-10 or ≥ T3b.
Conclusion
Clinical outcomes of PORT in a Korean prostate cancer population were very similar to those in Western countries. Lower Gleason score and serum PSA level at the time of PORT were significantly associated with favorable outcomes. Addition of long-term ADT (≥ 12 months) to PORT should be considered, particularly in unfavorable risk patients with Gleason scores of 8-10 or ≥ T3b.

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Optimal Definition of Biochemical Recurrence in Patients Who Receive Salvage Radiotherapy Following Radical Prostatectomy for Prostate Cancer
Sung Uk Lee, Jae-Sung Kim, Young Seok Kim, Jaeho Cho, Seo Hee Choi, Taek-Keun Nam, Song Mi Jeong, Youngkyong Kim, Youngmin Choi, Dong Eun Lee, Won Park, Kwan Ho Cho
Cancer Research and Treatment.2022; 54(4): 1191. CrossRef
A discussion on controversies and ethical dilemmas in prostate cancer screening
Satish Chandra Mishra
Journal of Medical Ethics.2021; 47(3): 152. CrossRef
Clinical Outcome of Salvage Radiotherapy for Locoregional Clinical Recurrence After Radical Prostatectomy
Sung Uk Lee, Kwan Ho Cho, Jin Ho Kim, Young Seok Kim, Taek-Keun Nam, Jae-Sung Kim, Jaeho Cho, Seo Hee Choi, Su Jung Shim, Jin Hee Kim, Ah Ram Chang
Technology in Cancer Research & Treatment.2021;[Epub] CrossRef

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Health-Related Quality of Life, Perceived Social Support, and Depression in Disease-Free Survivors Who Underwent Curative Surgery Only for Prostate, Kidney and Bladder Cancer: Comparison among Survivors and with the General Population: Dong Wook Shin, Hyun Sik Park, Sang Hyub Lee, Seung Hyun Jeon, Seok Cho, Seok Ho Kang, Seung Chol Park, Jong Hyock Park, Jinsung Park; Cancer Res Treat. 2019;51(1):289-299. Published online May 4, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2018.053

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to compare health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of disease-free prostate (PC), kidney (KC), and bladder cancer (BC) survivors with that of the general population.
Materials and Methods
Our study included 331 urological cancer (UC) survivors (114 PC, 108 KC, and 109 BC) aged ≥ 50 years disease-free for at least 1 year after surgery. The control group included 1,177 subjects without a history of cancer. The HRQoL was assessed using the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer QLQ-C30, the Duke-UNC Functional Social Support Questionnaire, and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9.
Results
There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of any of the functioning sub-scales and symptoms, except significantly lower social functioning observed in BC survivors than that observed in KC survivors. Although the three groups of UC survivors showed essentially similar functioning sub-scales and symptoms when compared to the general population, PC and BC survivors showed significantly lower social functioning and a lower appetite than that observed in controls. KC survivors showed lower physical functioning, as well as higher pain and dyspnea. Although all three groups of UC survivors reported higher financial difficulties, they also reported higher perceived social support than that reported by the non-cancer control group. No statistically significant difference was observed in terms of depressive symptoms between each group of UC survivors and the general population.
Conclusion
Disease-free survivors of the three major types of UCs showed generally similar HRQoL compared to the general population, as well as compared to each other.

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So Hee Kim, Eunjung Ryu, Byong Chang Jeong
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The mental and emotional status after radical cystectomy and different urinary diversion orthotopic bladder substitution versus external urinary diversion after radical cystectomy: A propensity score‐matched study
Giuseppe Palermo, Francesco Pio Bizzarri, Eros Scarciglia, Emilio Sacco, Koosha Moosavi Seyed, Pierluigi Russo, Filippo Gavi, Battista Filomena Giovanni, Francesco Rossi, Marco Campetella, Angelo Totaro, Nazario Foschi, Marco Racioppi
International Journal of Urology.2024; 31(12): 1423. CrossRef
Factors Affecting the Health-Related Quality of Life of Patients with Bladder Cancer
Haetsal Kwon, Hyojung Park
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Properties of the Shift and Persist Questionnaire in adolescent and young adult cancer patients and survivors: Validity, consistency, and interpretability
Karly M. Murphy, Edith Chen, Edward H. Ip, Abby R. Rosenberg, Mallory A. Snyder, John M. Salsman
Quality of Life Research.2023; 32(1): 273. CrossRef
Adoption of patient communication rules in clinical practice and the role of faith-based communities in shaping them: the palliative aspect of spiritual support
Konstantin Sokolovskiy, Olga Pashanova, Vladimir Beketov, Andrey Aleshkin
Mental Health, Religion & Culture.2023; 26(1): 16. CrossRef
Identifying the unmet supportive care needs of people affected by kidney cancer: a systematic review
Amy O’Dea, Craig Gedye, Belinda Jago, Catherine Paterson
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Danyon Anderson, Abrahim N. Razzak, Matthew McDonald, David Cao, Jamal Hasoon, Omar Viswanath, Alan D. Kaye, Ivan Urits
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Liliana Vartolomei, Manuela Schmidinger, Mihai Vartolomei, Shahrokh Shariat
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Health-Related Quality of Life among Cancer Survivors Depending on the Occupational Status
Kisook Kim, Hyohyeon Yoon
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Feasibility of a socio-spiritual intervention to improve quality of life of adult Nigerians with cancer and their family caregivers: Protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Israel Gabriel, Debra Creedy, Elisabeth Coyne
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Age-specific health-related quality of life in disease-free long-term prostate cancer survivors versus male population controls—results from a population-based study
Salome Adam, Daniela Doege, Lena Koch-Gallenkamp, Melissa S. Y. Thong, Heike Bertram, Andrea Eberle, Bernd Holleczek, Ron Pritzkuleit, Mechthild Waldeyer-Sauerland, Annika Waldmann, Sylke Ruth Zeissig, Lina Jansen, Sabine Rohrmann, Hermann Brenner, Volker
Supportive Care in Cancer.2020; 28(6): 2875. CrossRef
Comorbid depression in medical diseases
Stefan M. Gold, Ole Köhler-Forsberg, Rona Moss-Morris, Anja Mehnert, J. Jaime Miranda, Monika Bullinger, Andrew Steptoe, Mary A. Whooley, Christian Otte
Nature Reviews Disease Primers.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
Health-related Quality of Life and Its Related Factors among Cancer Survivors and General Adults: Focusing on Lifestyle Behaviors and Mental Health
Eun A Song, Youngran Kweon, Yoon Young Hwang, Minjeong An
Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2020; 32(4): 385. CrossRef
Age and gender differences in anxiety and depression in cancer patients compared with the general population
Andreas Hinz, Philipp Yorck Herzberg, Florian Lordick, Joachim Weis, Hermann Faller, Elmar Brähler, Martin Härter, Karl Wegscheider, Kristina Geue, Anja Mehnert
European Journal of Cancer Care.2019;[Epub] CrossRef

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Selection Criteria for Active Surveillance of Patients with Prostate Cancer in Korea: A Multicenter Analysis of Pathology after Radical Prostatectomy: Chang Wook Jeong, Sung Kyu Hong, Seok Soo Byun, Seong Soo Jeon, Seong Il Seo, Hyun Moo Lee, Hanjong Ahn, Dong Deuk Kwon, Hong Koo Ha, Tae Gyun Kwon, Jae Seung Chung, Cheol Kwak, Hyung Jin Kim; Cancer Res Treat. 2018;50(1):265-274. Published online April 14, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2016.477

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
Korean patients with prostate cancer (PC) typically present with a more aggressive disease than patients in Western populations. Consequently, it is unclear if the current criteria for active surveillance (AS) can safely be applied to Korean patients. Therefore, this study was conducted to define appropriate selection criteria for AS for patients with PC in Korea.
Materials and Methods
We conducted a multicenter retrospective study of 2,126 patients with low risk PC who actually underwent radical prostatectomy. The primary outcome was an unfavorable disease, which was defined by non-organ confined disease or an upgrading of the Gleason score to ≥ 7 (4+3). Predictive variables of an unfavorable outcome were identified by multivariate analysis using randomly selected training samples (n=1,623, 76.3%). We compared our selected criteria to various Western criteria for the primary outcome and validated our criteria using the remaining validation sample (n=503, 23.7%).
Results
A non-organ confined disease rate of 14.9% was identified, with an increase in Gleason score ≥ 7 (4+3) of 8.7% and a final unfavorable disease status of 20.8%. The following criteria were selected: Gleason score ≤ 6, clinical stage T1-T2a, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) ≤ 10 ng/mL, PSA density < 0.15 ng/mL/mL, number of positive cores ≤ 2, and maximum cancer involvement in any one core ≤ 20%. These criteria provided the lowest unfavorable disease rate (11.7%) when compared to Western criteria (13.3%-20.7%), and their validity was confirmed using the validation sample (5.9%).
Conclusion
We developed AS criteria which are appropriate for Korean patients with PC. Prospective studies using these criteria are now warranted.

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Outcomes of active surveillance for Japanese patients with prostate cancer (PRIAS‐JAPAN)
Takuma Kato, Ryuji Matsumoto, Akira Yokomizo, Yoichiro Tohi, Hiroshi Fukuhara, Yoichi Fujii, Keiichiro Mori, Takuma Sato, Junichi Inokuchi, Katsuyoshi Hashine, Shinichi Sakamoto, Hidefumi Kinoshita, Koji Inoue, Toshiki Tanikawa, Takanobu Utsumi, Takayuki
BJU International.2024; 134(4): 652. CrossRef
Has Active Surveillance for Prostate Cancer Become Safer? Lessons Learned from a Global Clinical Registry
Chris Bangma, Paul Doan, Lin Zhu, Sebastiaan Remmers, Daan Nieboer, Jozien Helleman, Monique J. Roobol, Mikio Sugimoto, Byung Ha Chung, Lui Shiong Lee, Mark Frydenberg, Laurence Klotz, Michael Peacock, Antoinette Perry, Anders Bjartell, Antti Rannikko, Mi
European Urology Oncology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Establishment of Prospective Registry of Active Surveillance for Prostate Cancer: The Korean Urological Oncology Society Database
Gyoohwan Jung, Jung Kwon Kim, Seong Soo Jeon, Jae Hoon Chung, Cheol Kwak, Chang Wook Jeong, Hanjong Ahn, Jae Young Joung, Tae Gyun Kwon, Sung Woo Park, Seok-Soo Byun
The World Journal of Men's Health.2023; 41(1): 110. CrossRef
The Role of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and MRI-Targeted Biopsy for Active Surveillance
Chang Wook Jeong
Journal of Urologic Oncology.2023; 21(2): 97. CrossRef
Incidence and mortality projections for major cancers among Korean men until 2034, with a focus on prostate cancer
Sahyun Pak, Kyu-Won Jung, Eun-Hye Park, Young Hwii Ko, Young-Joo Won, Jae Young Joung
Investigative and Clinical Urology.2022; 63(2): 175. CrossRef
Role of single nucleotide polymorphisms of the HSD3B1 gene (rs6203 and rs33937873) in the prediction of prostate cancer risk
Yasmine Amrousy, Hesham Haffez, Doaa Abdou, Hanaa Atya
Molecular Medicine Reports.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
A single-center long-term experience of active surveillance for prostate cancer: 15 years of follow-up
Sang Hun Song, Jung Kwon Kim, Hakmin Lee, Sangchul Lee, Sung Kyu Hong, Seok-Soo Byun
Investigative and Clinical Urology.2021; 62(1): 32. CrossRef
The clinical impact of strict criteria for active surveillance of prostate cancer in Korean population: Results from a prospective cohort
Jungyo Suh, Hyeong Dong Yuk, Minyong Kang, Bum Sik Tae, Ja Hyeon Ku, Hyeon Hoe Kim, Cheol Kwak, Chang Wook Jeong
Investigative and Clinical Urology.2021; 62(4): 430. CrossRef
Comparison of Characteristics, Follow-up and Outcomes of Active Surveillance for Prostate Cancer According to Ethnicity in the GAP3 Global Consortium Database
Kerri Beckmann, Aida Santaolalla, Jozien Helleman, Peter Carroll, Byung Ha Chung, Lui Shiong Lee, Antoinette Perry, Jose Rubio-Briones, Mikio Sugimoto, Bruce Trock, Riccardo Valdagni, Prokar Dasgupta, Mieke Van Hemelrijck, Oussama Elhage, Bruce Trock, Beh
European Urology Open Science.2021; 34: 47. CrossRef
Patients with Biopsy Gleason Score 3 + 4 Are Not Appropriate Candidates for Active Surveillance
Juhyun Park, Sangjun Yoo, Min Chul Cho, Chang Wook Jeong, Ja Hyeon Ku, Cheol Kwak, Hyeon Hoe Kim, Hyeon Jeong
Urologia Internationalis.2020; 104(3-4): 199. CrossRef
Current status and progress of focal therapy in Asia
Takumi Shiraishi, Osamu Ukimura
Current Opinion in Urology.2018; 28(6): 529. CrossRef
The MMP2 rs243865 polymorphism increases the risk of prostate cancer: A meta-analysis
Kun Liu, Shuo Gu, Xuzhong Liu, Qing Sun, Yunyan Wang, Junsong Meng, Zongyuan Xu
Oncotarget.2017; 8(42): 72933. CrossRef

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Cancer-Specific Mortality Among Korean Men with Localized or Locally Advanced Prostate Cancer Treated with Radical Prostatectomy Versus Radiotherapy: A Multi-Center Study Using Propensity Scoring and Competing Risk Regression Analyses: Kyo Chul Koo, Jin Seon Cho, Woo Jin Bang, Seung Hwan Lee, Sung Yong Cho, Sun Il Kim, Se Joong Kim, Koon Ho Rha, Sung Joon Hong, Byung Ha Chung; Cancer Res Treat. 2018;50(1):129-137. Published online March 8, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2017.004

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Purpose
Studies comparing radical prostatectomy (RP) outcomes with those of radiotherapy with or without androgen deprivation therapy (RT±ADT) for prostate cancer (PCa) have yielded conflicting results. Therefore, we used propensity score-matched analysis and competing risk regression analysis to compare cancer-specific mortality (CSM) and other-cause mortality (OCM) between these two treatments.
Materials and Methods
The multi-center, Severance Urological Oncology Group registry was utilized to identify 3,028 patients with clinically localized or locally advanced PCa treated by RP (n=2,521) or RT±ADT (n=507) between 2000 and 2016. RT±ADT cases (n=339) were matched with an equal number of RP cases by propensity scoring based on age, preoperative prostate-specific antigen, clinical tumor stage, biopsy Gleason score, and Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI). CSM and OCM were co-primary endpoints.
Results
Median follow-up was 65.0 months. Five-year overall survival rates for patients treated with RP and RT±ADT were 94.7% and 92.0%, respectively (p=0.105). Cumulative incidence estimates revealed comparable CSM rates following both treatments within all National Comprehensive Cancer Network risk groups. Gleason score ≥ 8 was associated with higher risk of CSM (p=0.009). OCM rates were comparable between both groups in the low- and intermediate-risk categories (p=0.354 and p=0.643, respectively). For high-risk patients, RT±ADT resulted in higher OCM rates than RP (p=0.011). Predictors of OCM were age ≥ 75 years (p=0.002) and CCI ≥ 2 (p < 0.001).
Conclusion
RP and RT±ADT provide comparable CSM outcomes in patients with localized or locally advanced PCa. The risk of OCM may be higher for older high-risk patients with significant comorbidities.

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External beam radiation therapy versus radical prostatectomy for high-risk prostate cancer: protocol of the RECOVER study
Caroline M. van der Starre, Chris H. Bangma, Maarten J. Bijlsma, Alfons C.M. van den Bergh, Lambertus A.L.M. Kiemeney, Wietske Kievit, Kees Vos, Diederik M. Somford, Sally M. Wildeman, Katja K.H. Aben, Igle J. de Jong, Floris J. Pos, Berdine L. Heesterman
BMC Cancer.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Japanese clinical practice guidelines for prostate cancer 2023
Yasuo Kohjimoto, Hiroji Uemura, Masahiro Yoshida, Shiro Hinotsu, Satoru Takahashi, Tsutomu Takeuchi, Kazuhiro Suzuki, Hiroshi Shinmoto, Tsutomu Tamada, Takahiro Inoue, Mikio Sugimoto, Atsushi Takenaka, Tomonori Habuchi, Hitoshi Ishikawa, Takashi Mizowaki,
International Journal of Urology.2024; 31(11): 1180. CrossRef
Radical prostatectomy versus external beam radiotherapy with androgen deprivation therapy for high-risk prostate cancer: a systematic review
Berdine L. Heesterman, Katja K. H. Aben, Igle Jan de Jong, Floris J. Pos, Olga L. van der Hel
BMC Cancer.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Risk factors for prostate-specific antigen persistence in pT3aN0 prostate cancer after robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy: a retrospective study
Jun Seop Kim, Jae Hoon Chung, Wan Song, Minyong Kang, Hyun Hwan Sung, Hwang Gyun Jeon, Byong Change Jeong, Seong Il Seo, Hyun Moo Lee, Seong Soo Jeon
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Comparison of contrast-enhanced ultrasound targeted biopsies versus standard systematic biopsies for prostate cancer correction in different PSA value groups in rural China
Dian Yuan Lu, Lan Liu, Li Shen, Jian Rong Cai, Li Xu, Li Hua Xiang
Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation.2021; 77(3): 295. CrossRef
Comparison of Radical Prostatectomy Versus Radiation and Androgen Deprivation Therapy Strategies as Primary Treatment for High-risk Localized Prostate Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Benjamin A. Greenberger, Nicholas G. Zaorsky, Robert B. Den
European Urology Focus.2020; 6(2): 404. CrossRef
Long short-term memory artificial neural network model for prediction of prostate cancer survival outcomes according to initial treatment strategy: development of an online decision-making support system
Kyo Chul Koo, Kwang Suk Lee, Suah Kim, Choongki Min, Gyu Rang Min, Young Hwa Lee, Woong Kyu Han, Koon Ho Rha, Sung Joon Hong, Seung Choul Yang, Byung Ha Chung
World Journal of Urology.2020; 38(10): 2469. CrossRef
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Benjamin A. Greenberger, James M. Taylor, Victor E. Chen, Robert B. Den
The Cancer Journal.2020; 26(1): 29. CrossRef
Outcomes of treatment for localized prostate cancer in a single institution: comparison of radical prostatectomy and radiation therapy by propensity score matching analysis
Narihiko Hayashi, Kimito Osaka, Kentaro Muraoka, Hisashi Hasumi, Kazuhide Makiyama, Keiichi Kondo, Noboru Nakaigawa, Masahiro Yao, Yuki Mukai, Madoka Sugiura, Shoko Takano, Eiko Ito, Hisashi Kaizu, Izumi Koike, Masaharu Hata, Masataka Taguri, Yasuhide Miy
World Journal of Urology.2020; 38(10): 2477. CrossRef
Benefits and Risks of Primary Treatments for High-risk Localized and Locally Advanced Prostate Cancer: An International Multidisciplinary Systematic Review
Lisa Moris, Marcus G. Cumberbatch, Thomas Van den Broeck, Giorgio Gandaglia, Nicola Fossati, Brian Kelly, Raj Pal, Erik Briers, Philip Cornford, Maria De Santis, Stefano Fanti, Silke Gillessen, Jeremy P. Grummet, Ann M. Henry, Thomas B.L. Lam, Michael Lar
European Urology.2020; 77(5): 614. CrossRef
Updated evidence on oncological outcomes of surgery versus external beam radiotherapy for localized prostate cancer
Satoru Taguchi, Kenshiro Shiraishi, Hiroshi Fukuhara
Japanese Journal of Clinical Oncology.2020; 50(9): 963. CrossRef
Comparing effectiveness of radical prostatectomy versus external beam radiotherapy in patients with locally advanced prostate cancer
Xianghong Zhou, Kun Jin, Shi Qiu, Di Jin, Xinyang Liao, Xiang Tu, Xiaonan Zheng, Jiakun Li, Lu Yang, Qiang Wei
Medicine.2020; 99(34): e21642. CrossRef
Robot or radiation? A qualitative study of the decision support needs of men with localised prostate cancer choosing between robotic prostatectomy and radiotherapy treatment
Allan ‘Ben’ Smith, Orlando Rincones, Mark Sidhom, Pascal Mancuso, Karen Wong, Megan Berry, Dion Forstner, Leslie Bokey, Afaf Girgis
Patient Education and Counseling.2019; 102(7): 1364. CrossRef
Elective pelvic irradiation in prostate cancer patients with biochemical failure following radical prostatectomy: A propensity score matching analysis
Changhoon Song, Sang Jun Byun, Young Seok Kim, Hanjong Ahn, Seok-Soo Byun, Choung-Soo Kim, Sang Eun Lee, Jae-Sung Kim, Christopher J.D. Wallis
PLOS ONE.2019; 14(4): e0215057. CrossRef
125I low‑dose‑rate prostate brachytherapy and radical prostatectomy in patients with prostate cancer
Zhien Zhou, Weigang Yan, Yi Zhou, Fuquan Zhang, Hanzhong Li, Zhigang Ji
Oncology Letters.2019;[Epub] CrossRef
Time to Disease Recurrence Is a Predictor of Metastasis and Mortality in Patients with High-risk Prostate Cancer Who Achieved Undetectable Prostate-specific Antigen Following Robot-assisted Radical Prostatectomy
Do Kyung Kim, Kyo Chul Koo, Kwang Suk Lee, Yoon Soo Hah, Koon Ho Rha, Sung Joon Hong, Byung Ha Chung
Journal of Korean Medical Science.2018;[Epub] CrossRef

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Re-stratification of Patients with High-Risk Prostate Cancer According to the NCCN Guidelines among Patients Who Underwent Radical Prostatectomy: An Analysis Based on the K-CaP Registry: Kwang Suk Lee, Kyo Chul Koo, In Young Choi, Ji Youl Lee, Jun Hyuk Hong, Choung-Soo Kim, Hyun Moo Lee, Sung Kyu Hong, Seok-Soo Byun, Koon Ho Rha, Byung Ha Chung; Cancer Res Treat. 2018;50(1):88-94. Published online March 7, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2016.494

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Purpose
The present study aimed to re-stratify patients with high-risk prostate cancer according to the National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines among patients who underwent radical prostatectomy (RP).
Materials and Methods
This study used the Korean Prostate Cancer Database registry and identified 1,060 patients with high-risk prostate cancer who underwent RP between May 2001 and April 2013. All patients were categorized into risk groups, and subgroups were identified according to the type and number of high-risk factors.
Results
Of the 1,060 high-risk patients, 599 (56.5%), 408 (38.5%), and 53 (5.0%) had 1, 2, and 3 risk factors, respectively. In multivariate analysis, the Gleason score, percentage of positive biopsy cores, and number of risk factors present were identified as independent predictors of biochemical recurrence. There were significant differences in the 5-year postoperative biochemical failure-free survival (BCFFS) rate among the different high-risk factor subgroups (log-rank p < 0.001). There were no significant differences in the BCFFS rate between the subgroup of high-risk patients with a prostate-specific antigen level > 20 ng/mL alone and the intermediate-risk group with all factors (log-rank p=0.919 and p=0.781, respectively). Additionally, no significant differencewas noted in the BCFFS rate between high-risk patients having all factors and those in the very-high-risk group (p=0.566).
Conclusion
We successfully re-stratified patients with high-risk prostate cancer and identified the combinations of high-risk criteria that will help in the selection of patients for RP.

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Prostate‑specific antigen density and preoperative MRI findings as predictors of biochemical recurrence in high‑risk and very high‑risk prostate cancer
Cheng-Kuang Yang, Chi-Rei Yang, Yen-Chuan Ou, Chen-Li Cheng, Hao-Chung Ho, Kun-Yuan Chiu, Shian-Shiang Wang, Jian-Ri Li, Chuan-Shu Chen, Chi-Feng Hung, Cheng-Che Chen, Shu-Chi Wang, Chia-Yen Lin, Sheng-Chun Hung
Oncology Letters.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Comparison of the clinicopathologic features of prostate cancer in US and Chinese populations
Lei Zhang, Xiaoyan Liu, Rong Xia, Fei Chen, Xin Wang, Jia Bao, Yongzhao Shao, Xian Lu, Yan Wang, Jili Wang, May Thu Tun, Jonathan Melamed, Hebert Lepor, Fang-Ming Deng, Dongwen Wang, Guoping Ren
Pathology - Research and Practice.2022; 234: 153933. CrossRef
Ten-Year Results From a Phase II Study on Image Guided, Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy With Simultaneous Integrated Boost in High-Risk Prostate Cancer
Christian Ekanger, Svein Inge Helle, Daniel Heinrich, Dag Clement Johannessen, Ása Karlsdóttir, Yngve Nygård, Ole Johan Halvorsen, Lars Reisæter, Rune Kvåle, Liv Bolstad Hysing, Olav Dahl
Advances in Radiation Oncology.2020; 5(3): 396. CrossRef

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CCL2 Chemokine as a Potential Biomarker for Prostate Cancer: A Pilot Study: Igor Tsaur, Anika Noack, Jasmina Makarevic, Elsie Oppermann, Ana Maria Waaga-Gasser, Martin Gasser, Hendrik Borgmann, Tanja Huesch, Kilian M. Gust, Michael Reiter, David Schilling, Georg Bartsch, Axel Haferkamp, Roman A. Blaheta; Cancer Res Treat. 2015;47(2):306-312. Published online October 13, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2014.015

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Purpose
Prostate specific antigen is not reliable in diagnosing prostate cancer (PCa), making the identification of novel, precise diagnostic biomarkers important. Since chemokines are associated with more aggressive disease and poor prognosis in diverse malignancies, we aimed to investigate the diagnostic relevance of chemokines in PCa. Materials and Methods Preoperative and early postoperative serum samples were obtained from 39 consecutive PCa patients undergoing radical prostatectomy. Serum from 15 healthy volunteers served as controls. Concentrations of CXCL12, CXCL13, CX3CL1, CCL2, CCL5, and CCL20 were measured in serum by Luminex. The expression activity of CXCR3, CXCR4, CXCR5, CXCR7, CXCL12, CXCL13, CX3CR1, CXCL1, CCR2, CCR5, CCR6, CCR7, CCL2, and CCL5 mRNA was assessed in tumor and adjacent normal tissue of prostatectomy specimens by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. The associations of these chemokines with clinical and histological parameters were tested. Results The gene expression activity of CCL2 and CCR6 was significantly higher in tumor tissue compared to adjacent normal tissue. CCL2 was also significantly higher in the blood samples of PCa patients, compared to controls. CCL5, CCL20, and CX3CL1 were lower in patient serum, compared to controls. CCR2 tissue mRNA was negatively correlated with the Gleason score and grading. Conclusion Chemokines are significantly modified during tumorigenesis of PCa, and CCL2 is a promising diagnostic biomarker.

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Bao Zhang, Shenghan Wang, Zhichao Fu, Qiang Gao, Lin Yang, Zhentao Lei, Yuqiang Shi, Kai Le, Jie Xiong, Siyao Liu, Jiali Zhang, Junyan Su, Jing Chen, Mengyuan Liu, Beifang Niu
Frontiers in Genetics.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Osteoid cell-derived chemokines drive bone-metastatic prostate cancer
Catherine S. Johnson, Leah M. Cook
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Macrophages as a Therapeutic Target in Metastatic Prostate Cancer: A Way to Overcome Immunotherapy Resistance?
Clara Martori, Lidia Sanchez-Moral, Tony Paul, Juan Carlos Pardo, Albert Font, Vicenç Ruiz de Porras, Maria-Rosa Sarrias
Cancers.2022; 14(2): 440. CrossRef
Plasma Chemokine C-C Motif Ligand 2 as a Potential Biomarker for Prostate Cancer
Martin Lund, Torben B Pedersen, Søren Feddersen, Louise D Østergaard, Charlotte A Poulsen, Christian Enggaard, Mads H Poulsen, Lars Lund
Research and Reports in Urology.2022; Volume 14: 33. CrossRef
Potential PET tracers for imaging of tumor-associated macrophages
Bruna Fernandes, Paula Kopschina Feltes, Carolina Luft, Luiza Reali Nazario, Cristina Maria Moriguchi Jeckel, Ines F. Antunes, Philip H. Elsinga, Erik F. J. de Vries
EJNMMI Radiopharmacy and Chemistry.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
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Correlation of AR, EGFR, and HER2 Expression Levels in Prostate Cancer: Immunohistochemical Analysis and Chromogenic In Situ Hybridization: Kwang Hyun Baek, Min Eui Hong, Yoon Yang Jung, Chung Hun Lee, Tae Jin Lee, Eon Sub Park, Mi Kyung Kim, Jae Hyung Yoo, Soo Whan Lee; Cancer Res Treat. 2012;44(1):50-56. Published online March 31, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2012.44.1.50

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

PURPOSE
The androgen receptor (AR) plays a central role in prostate cancer. Evidence from several groups indicates that epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) may enhance AR activity in prostate cancer cell lines. This study was designed to investigate the protein expression of AR, EGFR, and HER2 and to determine whether the EGFR and HER2 genes are amplified in prostate cancer tissues.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The protein expression levels of AR, EGFR, and HER2 in a tissue microarray block of 66 prostate cancer samples were investigated by immunohistochemical analysis and chromogenic in situ hybridization was used to determine whether the EGFR and HER2 genes were amplified in these tissues.
RESULTS
The AR and EGFR proteins were expressed in 59.1% and 40.9% of prostate cancers, respectively, but their expression levels were not significantly associated with clinicopathologic factors. Of the cases in which tissues were negative for EGFR protein expression, 69.2% were positive for AR protein expression; however, AR protein expression was significantly reduced (44.4%) in tissues in which EGFR protein was expressed. HER2 expression was detected in only 1 case (1.5%). No amplification of the EGFR or HER2 genes was found in prostate cancer specimens.
CONCLUSION
This study was limited by small number of subjects, but it can still be inferred that the expression levels of the AR and EGFR proteins are inversely correlated in prostate cancer patients. The potential utility of EGFR and HER2 as prognostic factors or therapeutic targets warrants further study.

Citations

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Adjuvant Effect of IV Clodronate on the Delay of Bone Metastasis in High-Risk Prostate Cancer Patients: A Prospective Study: Paulo Rodrigues, Flavio O. Hering, Alex Meller; Cancer Res Treat. 2011;43(4):231-235. Published online December 27, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2011.43.4.231

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

PURPOSE
High-risk prostate cancer patients undergoing treatment often experience biochemical recurrence. The use of bisphosphonates as an adjuvant treatment delays skeletal events, yet whether or not bisphosphonates also delay metastastic development remains to be determined.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A total of 140 high-risk prostate cancer patients who were undergoing definitive treatment and who had clinically organ-confined disease and who suffered from biochemical recurrence were administered intravenous (IV) clodronate. The patients were treated with a radical retropubic prostatectomy (RP) or curative radiotherapy (RTx). Upon androgen deprivation therapy initiation, tri-monthly IV clodronate was added to the treatment to prevent bone demineralization. Twenty-six out of 60 operated cases and 45 out of 80 irradiated cases received bisphosphonate. The length of time until the first bone metastasis was recorded and analyzed.
RESULTS
No statistical difference was found for the type of primary treatment (RP or RTx) on the time to the first bone metastasis (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.40 to 2.43; p=0.98). However, there was a clear advantage favoring the group that received bisphosphonate (p<0.001). The addition of bisphosphonate delayed the appearance of the first bone metastasis by seven-fold (95% CI, 3.1 to 15.4; p<0.001).
CONCLUSION
Treatment with tri-monthly IV clodronate delayed the time to the first bone metastasis in high-risk prostate cancer patients who were experiencing an increase in the prostate specific antigen level after definitive treatment.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Interactions between cancer cells and bone microenvironment promote bone metastasis in prostate cancer
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Bcl-2 as a Predictive Factor for Biochemical Recurrence after Radical Prostatectomy: An Interim Analysis: In-Chang Cho, Han Soo Chung, Kang Su Cho, Jeong Eun Kim, Jae Young Joung, Ho Kyung Seo, Jinsoo Chung, Weon Seo Park, Eun Kyung Hong, Kang Hyun Lee; Cancer Res Treat. 2010;42(3):157-162. Published online September 30, 2010; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2010.42.3.157

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Purpose

The objective of this study was to determine Bcl-2 expression in localized prostate cancer and its potential role as a predictive factor for biochemical recurrence (BCR).

Materials and Methods

This study included 171 Korean patients with newly diagnosed adenocarcinoma of the prostate who underwent radical prostatectomy (RP) without neoadjuvant therapy at a single center between February 2005 and May 2009. RP specimens obtained from these patients were analyzed for the expression of Bcl-2 using tissue microarray. The values of Bcl-2 and other clinicopathologic factors were evaluated. Statistical analysis was performed with contingency table analysis, chi-square tests, and a Cox proportional hazard model.

Results

Bcl-2 expression was immunohistologically-confirmed in 42 patients (24.6%). Bcl-2 expression was not associated with conventional clinicopathologic factors. Bcl-2 negative patients had a significantly longer mean BCR-free survival than Bcl-2-positive patients (p=0.036). Among several variables, a high Gleason score in the RP specimen (≥8), extraprostatic extension, seminal vesicle invasion (SVI), lymphovascular invasion (LVI), and Bcl-2 expression were significant predictors of BCR based on univariate analysis. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards analysis revealed that BCR was significantly associated with a high prostate specific antigen level (p=0.047), SVI (p<0.001), a positive surgical margin (p=0.004) and Bcl-2 expression (p=0.012).

Conclusion

Bcl-2 expression in RP specimens is associated with a significantly worse outcome, suggesting a potential clinical role for Bcl-2. Post-operative Bcl-2 could be a significant predictor of outcome after RP.

Citations

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Extraperitoneal Laparoscopic Pelvic Lymph Node Dissection in the Staging of Prostate Carcinoma: Kyu Seung Lee, Wook Oh, Sang Jin Kim, Seong Soo Chun, Dae Kyung Kim, Sung Won Lee, Han Yong Choi, Soo Eung Chai; J Korean Cancer Assoc. 1998;30(6):1231-1239.

Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
Diagnostic sampling of pelvic lymph nodes is generally accepted as the optimal procedure for evaluating the metastatic status of locally curable prostate carcinoma. It is usually done by open surgery, but recent developments in laparoscopic surgery have provided another option and are theoretically associated with less trauma and fewer complications than those reported from conventional surgery. We now report our experience, progression and complication of extraperitoneal laparoscopic pelvic lymph node dissection (LPLND).
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Between Dec. 1996 and Feb. 1998, 14 patients with high serum PSA (> or = 10 ng/ml) or high Gleason score (> or =5) underwent LPLND before radical perineal prostatectomy. The mean age of 14 patients was 64.46.5 years. The mean of serum PSA level was 51.4+/-39.3 ng/ml, and the mean Gleason score was 7.3+/-1.6. We used balloon dissector for the creation of extraperitoneal space, and perfonned LPLND with a CO2 insufflation through extraperitonium.
RESULTS
The average operation time was 138.2+/-29.8 minutes and estimated intraoperative bload loss was 80ml. The Jackson-Pratt drain was removed 3 days postoperatively and the mean drainage volume was 220.5+/-105.2 ml. The average number of dissected nodes was 7.6+/-4.4 (Rt.: 4.1+/-2.9, Lt.: 3.5+/-2.3), and LN metastasis was noted in 4 patients (28.6%). Complications included subcutaneous emphysema (7 patients), peritoneal laceration (3) and obturator nerve injury (1). The mean dissected LN number of the latter 9 cases was 8.6+/-4.8 compared with 6.0+/-3.3 of initial 5 cases, the mean operation time (minute) of the latter 9 cases was 132.8+/-26.6 compared with 148.0+/- 35.8 of initial 5 cases.
CONCLUSIONS
The laparoscopic approach can be performed within a resonable time limit and allows adequate assessment of the pelvic lymph node with minimal operative morbidity. Extraperitoneal LPLND is the minimally invasive procedure of choice for the evaluation of patients who are at increased risk of having metastatic pelvic lymph node involvement by prostate cancer.

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