Cancer Research and Treatment

Original Articles

Alteration of HER2 Status Following Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Breast Cancer: A Clinicopathological Analysis Focusing on HER2-Low Status: Hyun-Jung Sung, Hyun Jung Kwon, Kyungah Bai, Yul Ri Chung, Hee-Chul Shin, Eun-Kyu Kim, Koung Jin Suh, Se Hyun Kim, Jee Hyun Kim, So Yeon Park; Received July 22, 2025 Accepted September 18, 2025 Published online September 19, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2025.761 [Accepted]

Purpose
This study aimed to investigate alteration of HER2 status after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in breast cancer and its impact on clinical outcomes of patients, focusing on HER2-low status.
Materials and Methods
We retrospectively reviewed clinicopathological data of 1,063 breast cancer patients who underwent NAC between 2013 and 2020. Using paired samples of 670 patients with residual disease after NAC, we analyzed HER2 discordance rates between pre- and post-NAC samples, relationships between HER2 discordance and clinicopathological characteristics of tumors, and clinical outcomes of the patients.
Results
Pre-NAC HER2-low status was associated with a lower pathological complete response rate and higher Residual Cancer Burden class compared with HER2-zero and HER2-positive status. However, in subgroup analysis by hormone receptor (HR) status, no statistical differences were found in chemo-responsiveness between them. Following NAC, the overall HER2 discordance rate was 21.2% (κ = 0.676), and the most common type of alteration was zero-to-low (11.5%) conversion, followed by low-to-positive (3.6%) conversion. HER2 discordance was significantly associated with lower HER2 levels and HR positivity before NAC, as well as lymphovascular invasion, higher ypT stage, and axillary node metastasis in residual disease after NAC. In survival analyses, HER2 discordance was found to be an independent prognostic factor for poor disease-free survival of the patients, particularly within the HR-positive subgroup.
Conclusion
Given the prognostic implications of HER2 discordance which primarily involves zero-to-low conversion and the therapeutic benefits of newly developed antibody-drug conjugates in HER2-low breast cancers, HER2 status should be re-evaluated in surgical resection specimens following NAC.

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HER2-Low Breast Cancer: Biological Framework and Determinants of HER2 Instability
Alina-Mihaela Gurau, Daniela Mihalache, Catalin-Bogdan Satala, Ana Maria Rață, Laura-Florentina Rebegea
Medicina.2026; 62(2): 304. CrossRef

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Response to Neoadjuvant Systemic Therapy May Serve as an Indicator for Omitting Post-BCS Radiation Therapy in Women with Early-Stage Breast Cancer: Chaofan Li, Yusheng Wang, Mengjie Liu, Shiyu Sun, Yiwei Jia, Jingkun Qu, Shuqun Zhang, Chong Du; Received June 1, 2025 Accepted September 7, 2025 Published online September 10, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2025.584 [Accepted]

Abstract PDF: Abstract Purpose To avoid unnecessary toxicities and optimize the allocation of healthcare resources, it is crucial to adequately select patients with extremely low recurrence risk to downgrade or eliminate radiation therapy.
Materials and Methods
From the SEER database, clinical data of 7,291 female patients with early-stage breast cancer who underwent neoadjuvant systemic therapy (NST) and breast-conserving surgery (BCS) were collected for this study. The patients were stratified by their response to NST, and the long-term survival, and risk of recurrence were assessed using Cox regression analysis and Fine-gray competing risk models for those with and without post-BCS RT, respectively.
Results
Our results showed that female with early-stage breast cancer who achieved complete response (CR) to NST, omitting post-BCS RT achieved the same OS and DFS as those who received the post-BCS RT, and the omission did not increase the risk of recurrence or BCSD. For patients who did not achieve CR to NST, five clinical indicators (including age, N stage, grade, response to NST, and molecular subtype) were employed to construct a nomogram for clinical prediction of the risk of recurrence. The validated results affirmed our model’s ability to accurately discriminate high- and low-risk patients and its promising clinical application value.
Conclusion
Post-BCS RT can be omitted for women with early-stage breast cancer who achieved CR to NST. For those who failed to achieve CR to NST, a nomogram was constructed for clinicians to decide whether to omit post-BCS RT or not based on the individualized assessment.

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Nomograms Integrating Body Composition Metrics Predict Total Pathologic Complete Remission after Neoadjuvant Systemic Therapy for Breast Cancer: Jingjing Ding, Yichun Gong, Jue Wang, Yuanyuan Wang, Hao Yao, Xingye Sheng, Mingyu Wang, Danni Shen, Junhan Li, Xiaoming Zha, Lu Xu; Received April 28, 2025 Accepted August 17, 2025 Published online August 18, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2025.456 [Accepted]

Abstract PDF: Purpose
Neoadjuvant systemic therapy (NST) is a systemic treatment for locally advanced or initially unresectable breast cancer before surgery. Patients achieved total pathological complete response (tpCR) after NST exhibited significantly better overall prognosis than patients with non-pCR.
Materials and Methods
This study collected baseline indicators, body composition indicators and tpCR results of breast cancer patients at the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University. Patients were divided into training set and validation set in a ratio of 7:3. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed, and the probability of tpCR was predicted by constructing nomograms based on the results of the multivariate logistic regression analysis.
Results
The study included 500 patients between 2014 and 2022 with breast cancer who underwent NST. The training set and validation set consist of 350 and 150 patients respectively. Patients with progesterone receptor-negative status (p < 0.001), HER2 receptor-positive status (p < 0.001), large body surface area (p=0.091), low skeletal muscle index (p=0.008), and high skeletal muscle density (p < 0.004) were more likely to achieve tpCR. Patients with American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) T-stage 4 (p=0.126), AJCC N-stage 1 (p=0.026) were less likely to achieve tpCR.
Conclusion
Existing tpCR prediction models mostly focus on tumor biological characteristics and ignore the effect of body compositions. This study constructed a nomogram to predict tpCR in patients with breast cancer undergoing NST based on baseline and body composition indicators. This nomogram can help assess efficacy and optimize treatment strategies, thus improving the overall prognosis of patients.

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Impact of High Lymph Node Burden on Brain Metastases in Patients Who Achieved Pathological Complete Response after Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in HER2-Positive Breast Cancer: Seung Ah Lee, Ki Jo Kim, Do Youn Woen, Su Min Lee, Kawon Oh, Cho Eun Lee, Woong Ki Park, Ji Won Yoo, Dong Seung Shin, Jai Min Ryu, Se Kyung Lee, Byung Joo Chae, Jonghan Yu, Seok Won Kim, Seok Jin Nam, Ji-Yeon Kim, Yeon Hee Park, Eun Young Ko, Eun Sook Ko, Jeong Eon Lee; Received February 24, 2025 Accepted July 6, 2025 Published online July 8, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2025.219 [Epub ahead of print]

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material: Purpose
This study aims to investigate the clinical characteristics, outcomes, and predictors of brain metastases in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)–positive advanced breast cancer patients who achieved pathological complete response (pCR) following neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). This research seeks to inform surveillance strategies and optimize management for high-risk subgroups.
Materials and Methods
A retrospective analysis of 1,757 patients (2008-2022) classified them into pCR (n=914) and non-pCR (n=843) groups post-NAC. Collected data included demographics, clinical features, and metastasis parameters. Survival outcomes and brain metastasis predictors were assessed using Kaplan-Meier curves, Cox models, and logistic regression.
Results
Among pCR patients, brain metastases accounted for 54.2% of distant metastases, significantly affecting overall survival (p < 0.001). Median distant metastasis-free survival was shorter for brain metastases (13.4 months) compared to extracranial metastases (31.1 months) in the pCR group (p=0.005). Positive supraclavicular node (SCN) fine needle aspiration (FNA) and clinical N3 (cN3) category were the strongest predictors of brain metastases (SCN FNA: odds ratio [OR], 12.9; p < 0.001; cN3: OR, 12.1; p < 0.001). Multivariable Cox regression analysis revealed that positive SCN FNA and cN3 category were strong predictors of reduced distant metastasis-free survival (SCN FNA: hazard ratio, 2.5; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.3 to 3.6; p < 0.001; cN3: hazard ratio, 11.3; 95% CI, 4.9 to 33.0; p < 0.001).
Conclusion
This study highlights the challenges of brain metastases in HER2-positive pCR patients, emphasizing the need for tailored therapeutic strategies and enhanced surveillance. High lymph node burden prior to NAC is a significant factor in risk assessment. Therefore, it may be advisable to recommend post-surgery surveillance for high-risk patients.

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HER3 Expression and PIK3CA Mutational Status Predict Pathological Response of Neoadjuvant Therapy in HER2-Positive Breast Cancer Patients: Xi Xia, Zhiqiang Zong, Jian Shen, Lingling Zhou, Yang Lei, Jia Li, Lu Zheng, Fanfan Li, Hua Wang; Received March 4, 2025 Accepted July 1, 2025 Published online July 2, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2025.242 [Epub ahead of print]

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub: Purpose
The main purpose of this study is to explore the predictive value of human epidermal growth factor receptor 3 (HER3) expression level and PIK3CA mutation for the efficacy of neoadjuvant therapy in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)–positive breast cancer patients.
Materials and Methods
The clinicopathological data of HER2-positive non-specific invasive breast cancer patients who received neoadjuvant treatment in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University from June 2017 to June 2024 were retrospectively analyzed. The correlation between HER3 expression level detected by immunohistochemistry and PIK3CA gene mutation detected by amplification refractory mutation system–polymerase chain reaction and pathological complete response (pCR) was analyzed.
Results
Among 51 patients, 29 (56.9%) had positive HER3 expression, 15 (29.4%) had PIK3CA mutation, and 19 (37.3%) had pCR. The expression level of HER3 was correlated with the pCR rate (χ²=7.905, p=0.019). The PIK3CA mutation status was not correlated with the pCR rate (χ²=0.140, p=0.708). The HER3 expression level combined with PIK3CA mutation status affected the pCR rate (p=0.036). Multivariable regression further identified HER3 positivity as an independent negative predictor of pCR (odds ratio, 0.08; 95% confidence interval, 0.01 to 0.50; p=0.008), underscoring its role in therapeutic resistance.
Conclusion
HER3 expression may serve as a critical biomarker for guiding therapeutic strategies in HER2-positive breast cancer patients. The combinatorial effect of HER3 overexpression and PIK3CA mutations may exacerbate therapeutic resistance, while dual-targeted strategies against the HER3/phosphoinositide 3-kinase pathway could potentially improve clinical outcomes in treatment-resistant populations.

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Neoadjuvant Sintilimab Combined with Gemcitabine and Cisplatin for Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer Patients Followed by Selective Bladder Sparing Surgery: A Phase 2 Trial: Zhou Tong, Guanghou Fu, Feng Zhou, Xiaoyan Liu, Xing Xue, Hangyu Zhang, Yimin Wang, Xudong Zhu, Yang Gao, Lulu Liu, Xuanwen Bao, Yi Zheng, Weijia Fang, Peng Zhao, Baiye Jin; Received February 24, 2025 Accepted April 22, 2025 Published online April 28, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2025.214 [Epub ahead of print]

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub: Purpose
This study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of gemcitabine and cisplatin (GP) regimen in combination with immune checkpoint inhibitor sintilimab as neoadjuvant therapy for muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) patients and the feasibility of the following selective bladder sparing surgery.
Materials and Methods
Patients with histopathological confirmed urothelial carcinoma without distant metastases (T2-4a, N ≤ 1, M0, American Joint Committee of Cancer 8th) and with adequate organ function will be enrolled. The therapeutic regimen was sintilimab 200 mg once on day 8, gemcitabine 1,000 mg/m² and cisplatin 35 mg/m² once on days 1 and 8, every 21 days for four cycles. The primary endpoint was pathologic complete response (pCR, pT0N0) rate. The secondary end points were ypT < 2 rate, R0 resection rate, event-free survival, and safety.
Results
From May 4, 2020, to May 20, 2023, 55 patients were enrolled. Forty-six patients were evaluated for efficacy. Among the 42 patients who underwent surgery, 16 patients (38.0%) achieved pCR. Thirty-three patients (78.6%) achieved pT < 2. With a median follow-up of 15.7 months, the 1-year event-free survival was 91.3%. Notwithstanding the poor pathological baseline characteristic of a high T3-T4a proportion (39.1%), a promising bladder preservation (including 22 patients transurethral resection of bladder tumor, 5 patients partial cystectomy, and 4 surveillances) rate was achieved (67.4%). The most common grade ≥ 3 treatment-related adverse events was neutropenia (n=15, 27.3%), which was related to chemotherapy. There were no grade 3 immune-related adverse events.
Conclusion
Neoadjuvant GP plus sintilimab is a promising regimen for MIBC patients, with relatively high pT < 2 rate and triggering the emerging roles for the multi-disciplinary team decision-making for bladder sparing surgery.

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Breast cancer

Adjuvant Chemotherapy in Breast Cancer after Neoadjuvant Therapy: Essential or Optional?: Di Zhang, Luo Yang, Yuan Zheng, Qi Zhou; Cancer Res Treat. 2026;58(1):208-220. Published online April 24, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2024.1254

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub: Purpose
This study aimed to evaluate the impact of postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy (AC) on survival outcomes in breast cancer (BC) patients who have already undergone neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) followed by surgery.
Materials and Methods
Data from a population-based cohort (2010-2020) were analyzed for BC patients treated with NAC and surgery. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression identified prognostic factors for overall survival (OS), and a nomogram was developed and validated. Personalized scores from the nomogram were used for risk stratification to assess the effect of postoperative AC.
Results
A total of 15,921 BC patients were analyzed, with 11,144 in the training cohort and 4,777 in the validation cohort. The key prognostic indicators for OS included age, race, marital status, histological grade, BC subtype, T category, N category, type of surgery, and response to NAC (all p < 0.05). The nomogram effectively predicted individualized OS rates and stratified patients into various risk categories. Postoperative AC was found to significantly enhance OS in the high-risk subgroup (p=0.011 in the training cohort, p=0.012 in the overall population). However, for the low-risk subgroup, there was no significant survival benefit from postoperative AC (p=0.130 for the training cohort, p=0.588 for the overall population), suggesting that some patients might safely forgo unnecessary postoperative AC.
Conclusion
This study efficiently differentiates between varying levels of risk, enabling clinicians to identify patients unlikely to benefit from postoperative AC and thus reduce the likelihood of overtreatment.

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Differences in Responses to Neoadjuvant Anti-HER2 Therapy between HER2 2+/ISH+ and HER2 3+ in HER2-Positive Breast Cancer: Lingjun Ma, Ran Zheng, Lingyun Xu, Ying Zhu, Hong Yin, Xiaoqing Zhang, Rong Deng, Jue Wang, Xiaoming Zha; Received December 12, 2024 Accepted April 20, 2025 Published online April 21, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2024.1200 [Epub ahead of print]

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub: Purpose
Dual anti–human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) drugs have become the standard regimen for neoadjuvant systemic treatment (NST) to HER2-positive breast cancer patients. However, the efficacy varies greatly among patients with different HER2 protein expression levels.
Materials and Methods
A total of 575 HER2-positive breast cancer patients from multiple centers throughout China from 2013 to 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. We compared clinicopathological features in different HER2 immunohistochemistry classes (HER2 2+/in situ hybridization [ISH] + or HER2 3+), and their difference in response to NST and survival with single or dual anti-HER2 drugs. Drug sensitivity assays were used to evaluate different efficacy of anti-HER2 drugs in vitro.
Results
Compared to HER2 3+ subgroup, the HER2 2+/ISH+ group had a higher proportion of hormone receptor–positive status (48.7% vs. 76.1%, p < 0.001), more HER2 protein loss after NST, lower pathological complete response (pCR) rate (46.07% vs. 16.24%, p < 0.001), and tended to have worse disease-free survival (DFS). In HER2 2+/ISH+ patients, treated with pertuzumab and trastuzumab in combination had no significant improvement in pCR (19.12% vs. 12.24%, p=0.287) and DFS (p=0.908) than using alone. Drug sensitivity assay showed poor efficacy with dual anti-HER2 drugs in HER2 2+/ISH+ cell lines; however, fam-trastuzumab deruxtecan drugs had a satisfactory effect.
Conclusion
Owing to the differences in clinicopathological features and treatment efficacy, we considered the HER2 2+/ISH+ group to be a distinct subtype and defined it as the HER2-moderate–positive subgroup. In this subgroup, dual anti-HER2 drugs did not exert significant improvement in pCR and DFS. Therefore, treatment optimization is warranted, with antibody-drug conjugate drugs as potential options.

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Head and Neck cancer

Phase II Trial of Neoadjuvant Docetaxel/Cisplatin/5-Fluorouracil Combined with Pegteograstim for Unresectable, Locally Advanced Sinonasal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: KCSG HN18-07: Bhumsuk Keam, Ho Jung An, Seong Hoon Shin, Min Kyoung Kim, Jung Hae Cho, Seyoung Seo, Sung-Bae Kim; Cancer Res Treat. 2025;57(3):701-708. Published online December 16, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2024.1025

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub: Purpose
The role of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in locally advanced sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma (SNSCC) has not been established prospectively. We conducted a phase II trial of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) with docetaxel/cisplatin/5-fluorouracil (TPF) in this population.
Materials and Methods
Eligible patients had unresectable, locally advanced SNSCC, defined as T3/4 category or potential compromise of critical organ function on surgery. Three TPF (docetaxel 75 mg/m2 and cisplatin 75 mg/m2 on day 1, 5-fluorouracil 1,000 mg/m2 on days 1-4 every 3 weeks) cycles were administered with prophylactic pegteograstim. The primary outcome was the objective response rate (ORR); the secondary outcomes included 2-year progression-free survival (PFS), eyeball preservation rate, and safety.
Results
Among 28 patients screened, 25 were evaluable for efficacy (one screen-failure; two evaluable for safety only). The confirmed ORR was 72.0%. The definitive post-NAC treatment comprised chemoradiotherapy (n=15) and surgery (n=10). With a median follow-up of 25.5 months, median PFS was not reached and the 2-year PFS rate was 60.4%. Response to NAC was related to prolonged PFS (p=0.038). No patient underwent eyeball exenteration at the data cutoff point. Treatment-related adverse events of grade ≥ 3 were neutropenia (48.1%) including febrile neutropenia (14.8%), followed by acute kidney injury (22.2%), nausea/vomiting (11.1%), anemia (7.4%), thrombocytopenia (7.4%), and enterocolitis (3.7%).
Conclusion
TPF NAC showed a promising efficacy and might help preserve critical structures in this population, which needs to be validated in a large prospective trial (KCT0003377).

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Lung and Thoracic cancer

Histological Assessment and Interobserver Agreement in Major Pathologic Response for Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer with Neoadjuvant Therapy: Sungjin Kim, Jeonghyo Lee, Jin-Haeng Chung; Cancer Res Treat. 2025;57(2):401-411. Published online September 9, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2024.670

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
Major pathologic response (MPR), defined as ≤ 10% of residual viable tumor (VT), is a prognostic factor in non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) after neoadjuvant therapy. This study evaluated interobserver reproducibility in assessing MPR, compared area-weighted and unweighted VT (%) calculation, and determined optimal VT (%) cutoffs across histologic subtypes for survival prediction.
Materials and Methods
This retrospective study included 108 patients with NSCLC who underwent surgical resection after neoadjuvant chemotherapy or chemoradiation at Seoul National University Bundang Hospital between 2009-2018. Three observers with varying expertise independently assessed tumor bed and VT (%) based on digital whole-slide images.
Results
Reproducibility in tumor bed delineation was reduced in squamous cell carcinoma (SqCC) with smaller tumor bed, although overall concordance was high (Dice coefficient, 0.96; intersection-over-union score, 0.92). Excellent agreement was achieved for VT (%) (intraclass correlation coefficient=0.959) and MPR using 10% cutoff (Fleiss’ kappa=0.911). Shifting between area-weighted and unweighted VT (%) showed only one case differing in MPR status out of 81 cases. The optimal cutoff was 10% for both adenocarcinoma (ADC) and SqCC. MPR+ was observed in 18 patients (17%), with SqCC showing higher MPR+ rates (p=0.044), lower VT (%) (p < 0.001), and better event-free survival (p=0.015) than ADC. MPR+ significantly improved overall survival (p=0.023), event-free survival (p=0.001), and lung cancer-specific survival (p=0.012).
Conclusion
While MPR assessment demonstrated robust reproducibility with minimal impact from the tumor bed, attention is warranted when evaluating smaller tumor beds in SqCC. A 10% cutoff reliably predicted survival across histologic subtypes with higher interobserver reproducibility.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Neoadjuvant immunotherapy for lung cancer: current limitations and future prospects
Kunpeng Yang, Lei Wang, Zhe Wang, Peiyun Lv, Chenglun Cai, Hui Zhao, Wenjuan Sun, Bao Wang
Frontiers in Immunology.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
Reframing tumor bed evaluation in non-small cell lung cancer: histopathological challenges and future directions in the era of neoadjuvant immunotherapy
Federica Pezzuto, Eleonora Faccioli, Omar El Mnif, Giuseppe Maggioni, Francesca Lunardi, Francesco Fortarezza, Chiara Giraudo, Marco Schiavon, Laura Bonanno, Giulia Pasello, Andrea Dell’Amore, Fiorella Calabrese
Frontiers in Oncology.2026;[Epub] CrossRef

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Breast cancer

A Single-Arm Phase II Clinical Trial of Fulvestrant Combined with Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy of ER+/HER2– Locally Advanced Breast Cancer: Integrated Analysis of ¹⁸F-FES PET-CT and Metabolites with Treatment Response: Qing Shao, Ningning Zhang, Xianjun Pan, Wenqi Zhou, Yali Wang, Xiaoliang Chen, Jing Wu, Xiaohua Zeng; Cancer Res Treat. 2025;57(1):126-139. Published online July 9, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2023.1251

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
This Phase II trial was objected to evaluate the efficacy and safety of adding fulvestrant to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with estrogen receptor (ER)+/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)– locally advanced breast cancer (LABC). Additionally, the study aimed to investigate the association of 16α-18F-fluoro-17β-fluoroestradiol (¹⁸F-FES) positron emission tomography (PET)–computed tomography (CT) and metabolites with efficacy.
Materials and Methods
Fulvestrant and EC-T regimen were given to ER+/HER2– LABC patients before surgery. At baseline, patients received ¹⁸F-FES PET-CT scan, and plasma samples were taken for liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis. The primary endpoint was objective response rate (ORR). Secondary endpoints included total pathologic complete response (tpCR) and safety.
Results
Among the 36 patients enrolled, the ORR was 86.1%, the tpCR rate was 8.3%. The incidence of grade ≥ 3 treatment-emergent adverse events was 22%. The decrease in ER value in sensitive patients was larger than that in non-sensitive patients, as was Ki-67 (p < 0.05). The maximum standardized uptake value, mean standardized uptake values, total lesion ER expression of ¹⁸F-FES PET-CT in sensitive patients were significantly higher than those in non-sensitive patients (p < 0.05). Moreover, these parameters were significantly correlated with Miller and Payne grade and the change in ER expression before and after treatment (p < 0.05). Thirteen differential expressed metabolites were identified, which were markedly enriched in 19 metabolic pathways.
Conclusion
This regimen demonstrated acceptable toxicity and encouraging antitumor efficacy. ¹⁸F-FES PET-CT might serve as a tool to predict the effectiveness of this therapy. Altered metabolites or metabolic pathways might be associated with treatment response.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Application of Multimodal Radiomics in Assessing Neoadjuvant Therapeutic Efficacy for Breast Cancer
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Journal of Clinical Personalized Medicine.2026; 05(01): 324. CrossRef
Novel molecular imaging approaches in oncology: towards a more accurate estimation of tumour response
Amy Rose Sharkey, Anum Pervez, Gary J.R. Cook
Current Opinion in Oncology.2025; 37(5): 522. CrossRef
Novel Molecular Imaging Approaches: Towards a Better Estimation of Response in Breast Cancer
Amy R Sharkey, Gary JR Cook
British Journal of Hospital Medicine.2025; 86(11): 1. CrossRef

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Gastrointestinal cancer

Clinical Outcomes of Surgery after Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Locally Advanced Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: Yoo Na Lee, Min Kyu Sung, Dae Wook Hwang, Yejong Park, Bong Jun Kwak, Woohyung Lee, Ki Byung Song, Jae Hoon Lee, Changhoon Yoo, Kyu-Pyo Kim, Heung-Moon Chang, Baek-Yeol Ryoo, Song Cheol Kim; Cancer Res Treat. 2024;56(4):1240-1251. Published online June 19, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2023.977

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Purpose
Clinical outcomes of surgery after neoadjuvant chemotherapy have not been investigated for locally advanced pancreatic cancer (LAPC), despite well-established outcomes in borderline resectable pancreatic cancer (BRPC). This study aimed to investigate the clinical outcomes of patients with LAPC who underwent curative resection following neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
Materials and Methods
We retrospectively reviewed the records of patients diagnosed with pancreatic adenocarcinoma between January 2017 and December 2020.
Results
Among 1,358 patients, 260 underwent surgery following neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Among 356 LAPC patients, 98 (27.5%) and 147 (35.1%) of 418 BRPC patients underwent surgery after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Compared to resectable pancreatic cancer (resectable PC) with upfront surgery, both LAPC and BRPC exhibited higher rates of venous resection (28.6% vs. 49.0% vs. 4.0%), arterial resection (30.6% vs. 6.8% vs. 0.5%) and greater estimated blood loss (260.5 vs. 213.1 vs. 70.4 mL). However, hospital stay, readmission rates, and postoperative pancreatic fistula rates (grade B or C) did not differ significantly between LAPC, BRPC, and resectable PC. Overall and relapse-free survival did not differ significantly between LAPC and BRPC patients. The median overall survival was 37.3 months for LAPC and 37.0 months for BRPC. The median relapse-free survival was 22.7 months for LAPC and 26.0 months for BRPC.
Conclusion
Overall survival time and postoperative complications in LAPC patients who underwent curative resection following neoadjuvant chemotherapy showed similar results to those of BRPC patients. Further research is needed to identify specific sub-populations of LAPC patients who benefit most from conversion surgery and to minimize postoperative complications.

Citations

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Clinical outcomes of completing total pancreatectomy for isolated recurrence of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma in the remnant pancreas after initial pancreatectomy
Yejong Park, Dae Wook Hwang, Jae Hoon Lee, Ki Byung Song, Eunsung Jun, Woohyung Lee, Song Cheol Kim
Surgery.2026; 192: 110088. CrossRef
Statistical cure fraction in patients with borderline resectable pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma undergoing neoadjuvant therapy followed by radical resection: a secondary analysis of reconstructed individual patient data
Yong Hyun Jang, Ru Ri Lee, Yongkeun Park
Annals of Surgical Treatment and Research.2025; 109(3): 162. CrossRef
Outcomes of conversion surgery following chemotherapy for initially unresectable metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: a retrospective cohort study in Taiwan
Ping-Jui Su, Wei-Hsun Lu, Ting-Kai Liao, Chih-Jung Wang, Ying-Jui Chao, Yan-Shen Shan
Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef

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Genitourinary cancer

Neoadjuvant Cisplatin-Based Chemotherapy Followed by Selective Bladder Preservation Chemoradiotherapy in Muscle-Invasive Urothelial Carcinoma of the Bladder: Post Hoc Analysis of Two Prospective Studies: Sung Wook Cho, Sung Hee Lim, Ghee Young Kwon, Chan Kyo Kim, Won Park, Hongryull Pyo, Jae Hoon Chung, Wan Song, Hyun Hwan Sung, Byong Chang Jeong, Se Hoon Park; Cancer Res Treat. 2024;56(3):893-897. Published online February 15, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2024.015

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Purpose
Bladder preservation chemoradiotherapy (CRT) in patients with a clinical complete response (cCR) following cisplatin-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) is a promising treatment strategy for muscle-invasive bladder urothelial carcinoma (MIBC). A combined analysis of raw data from two prospective phase II studies was performed to better evaluate the feasibility of selective bladder preservation CRT.
Materials and Methods
The analysis was based on primary efficacy data from two independent studies, including 76 MIBC patients receiving NAC followed by bladder preservation CRT. The efficacy data included metastasis-free survival (MFS) and disease-free survival (DFS). For the present analysis, starting point of survival was defined as the date of commencing CRT.
Results
Among 76 patients, 66 had a cCR following NAC. Sixty-four patients received gemcitabine and cisplatin (GC) combination chemotherapy in neoadjuvant setting, and 12 received nivolumab plus GC. Bladder preservation CRT following NAC was generally well-tolerated, with low urinary tract symptoms being the most common late complication. With a median follow-up of 64 months, recurrence was recorded in 43 patients (57%): intravesical only (n=20), metastatic only (n=16), and both (n=7). In 27 patients with intravesical recurrence, transurethral resection, and Bacillus Calmette-Guerin treatment was given to 17 patients. Salvage cystectomy was performed in 10 patients. Median DFS was 46.3 (95% confidence interval [CI], 25.1 to 67.5) months, and the median MFS was not reached. Neither DFS nor MFS appeared to be affected by any of the baseline characteristics. However, DFS was significantly longer in patients with a cCR than in those without (hazard ratio, 0.465; 95% CI, 0.222 to 0.976).
Conclusion
The strategy of NAC followed by selective bladder preservation CRT based on the cCR is feasible in the treatment of MIBC. A standardized definition of cCR is needed to better assess disease status post-NAC.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Prior to Trimodality Therapy for Muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Keiichiro Miyajima, Akihiro Matsukawa, Takafumi Yanagisawa, Marcin Miszczyk, Navid Roessler, Shota Inoue, Abdulrahman S. Alqahtani, Ahmed R. Alfarhan, Fumihiko Urabe, Keiichiro Mori, Pierre I. Karakiewicz, Takahiro Kimura, Shahrokh F. Shariat
European Urology Open Science.2026; 83: 54. CrossRef
Comparative Outcomes of Surgery and Chemoradiotherapy After Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Stage II–III Bladder Cancer
Doğan Bayram, Öznur Bal, Alper Türkel, Serhat Sekmek, Emre Hafızoğlu, Berkan Karabuga, Mutlu Doğan, Efnan Algın, Doğan Uncu
The European Research Journal.2026; 12(2): 160. CrossRef
Recent Advances and Future Directions in Bladder Preservation Therapy for Muscle‐Invasive Bladder Cancer
Tomokazu Kimura, Satoshi Inoue, Tomoyasu Sano, Kenji Zennami, Shusuke Akamatsu
International Journal of Urology.2025; 32(10): 1334. CrossRef
Prognostic Factors of Trimodal Therapy for Muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Keiichiro Miyajima, Akihiro Matsukawa, Takafumi Yanagisawa, Marcin Miszczyk, Navid Roessler, Shota Inoue, Shingo Nishimura, Abdulrahman S. Alqahtani, Ahmed R. Alfarhan, Fumihiko Urabe, Keiichiro Mori, Pierre I. Karakiewicz, Leonardo Oliveira Reis, Takahir
European Urology Focus.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Assessing clinical complete response after neoadjuvant systemic therapy in muscle-invasive bladder cancer: a systematic review
Navid Roessler, Marcin Miszczyk, Paolo Gontero, Keiichiro Miyajima, Shota Inoue, Ahmed R. Alfarhan, Abdulrahman S. Alqahtani, Markus von Deimling, Malte W. Vetterlein, Jeremy Yuen-Chun Teoh, David D’Andrea, Margit Fisch, Shahrokh F. Shariat
World Journal of Urology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
News and prospects on radiotherapy for bladder cancer: Is trimodal therapy becoming the gold standard?
Olivier Riou, Christophe Hennequin, Jonathan Khalifa, Paul Sargos
Cancer/Radiothérapie.2024; 28(6-7): 623. CrossRef

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Breast cancer

Implication of Pre- and Post-radiotherapy ctDNA Dynamics in Patients with Residual Triple-Negative Breast Cancer at Surgery after Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy: Findings from a Prospective Observational Study: Tae Hoon Lee, Haeyoung Kim, Yeon Jeong Kim, Woong-Yang Park, Won Park, Won Kyung Cho, Nalee Kim; Cancer Res Treat. 2024;56(2):531-537. Published online November 10, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2023.996

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Purpose
This study aims to determine the association between pre- and postoperative radiotherapy (PORT) circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) dynamics and oncological outcomes in patients with residual triple-negative breast cancer who underwent surgery after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC).
Materials and Methods
Between March 2019 and July 2020, 11 nonmetastatic patients with residual disease who underwent surgery after NAC were prospectively enrolled. In each patient, tumor specimens obtained during surgery and blood samples collected at three time points during PORT (T0: pre-PORT, T1: 3 weeks after PORT, T2: 1 month after PORT) were sequenced, targeting 38 cancer-related genes. Disease-free survival (DFS) was evaluated and the association between DFS and ctDNA dynamics was analyzed.
Results
At T0, ctDNA was detected in three (27.2%) patients. The ctDNA dynamics were as follows: two showed a decreasing ctDNA variant allele frequency (VAF) and reached zero VAF at T2, while one patient exhibited an increasing VAF during PORT and maintained an elevated VAF at T2. After a median follow-up of 48 months, two patients experienced distant metastasis without any locoregional failures. All failures occurred in patients with ctDNA positivity at T0 and a decreased VAF after PORT. The 4-year DFS rates according to the T0 ctDNA status were 67% (positive ctDNA) and 100% (negative ctDNA) (p=0.032).
Conclusion
More than a quarter of the patients with residual disease after post-NAC surgery exhibited pre-PORT ctDNA positivity, and ctDNA positivity was associated with poor DFS. For patients with pre-PORT ctDNA positivity, the administration of a more effective systemic treatment should be considered.

Citations

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Accuracy of ctDNA-based minimal residual disease detection in predicting postoperative recurrence of breast cancer: a meta-analysis
Hang You, JiuJiang He, Tian Tian
Frontiers in Oncology.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
Role of circulating tumor DNA in early-stage triple-negative breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Diana Zhang, Shayesteh Jahanfar, Judy B. Rabinowitz, Joshua Dower, Fei Song, Cherng-Horng Wu, Xiao Hu, Phillip Tracy, Mark Basik, Arielle Medford, Po-Han Lin, Chiun-Sheng Huang, Francois-Clement Bidard, Shufang Renault, Lori Pai, Mary Buss, Heather A. Par
Breast Cancer Research.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Current status and perspective of ctDNA-based MRD testing in breast cancer: a systematic review
Yukinori Ozaki, Hiroji Iwata
Japanese Journal of Clinical Oncology.2025; 55(11): 1210. CrossRef
Circulating Tumor DNA And Its Potential Applications for Assessing Effectiveness of Neoadjuvant Drug Therapy in the Breast Cancer Patients
Tatiana M. Zavarykina, Irina V. Pronina, Polina S. Mazina, Svetlana V. Khokhlova, Gennady T. Sukhikh
Biochemistry (Moscow).2025; 90(11): 1484. CrossRef
Multiple drugs

Reactions Weekly.2024; 2033(1): 183. CrossRef

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Gastrointestinal cancer

Neoadjuvant Nivolumab Therapy for Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Single-Arm, Phase II Study: Sehhoon Park, Yurimi Lee, Jiyun Lee, Yang Won Min, Hong Kwan Kim, Joon Young Choi, Hyun Ae Jung, Yong Soo Choi, Yoon-La Choi, Young Mog Shim, Jong-Mu Sun; Cancer Res Treat. 2024;56(2):567-579. Published online October 16, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2023.897

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
Programmed death-1/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitors have shown efficacy in metastatic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) therapy. However, data is still limited regarding neoadjuvant immunotherapy for operable ESCC.
Materials and Methods
Patients with clinical stage T2 or T3 and N0 ESCC received three cycles of nivolumab therapy every two weeks before surgical resection. The primary endpoint is major pathologic responses (MPR) rate (≤ 10% of residual viable tumor [RVT]).
Results
Total 20 patients completed the planned nivolumab therapy. Among them, 17 patients underwent surgery as protocol, showing MPR in two patients (MPR rate, 11.8%), including one pathologic complete response, on conventional pathologic response evaluation. Pathologic response was re-evaluated using the immune-related pathologic response criteria based on immune-related RVT (irRVT). Three patients were classified as immunologic major pathologic response (iMPR; ≤ 10% irRVT, iMPR rate: 17.6%), five as pathologic partial response (> 10% and < 90% irRVT), and nine as pathologic nonresponse (≥ 90% irRVT). The combined positive score (CPS) for PD-L1 in the baseline samples was predictable for iMPR, with the probability as 37.5% in CPS ≥ 10 (3/8) and 0% in CPS < 10 (0/9).
Conclusion
Although the efficacy of neoadjuvant nivolumab therapy was modest in unselected ESCC patients, further researches on neoadjuvant immunotherapy are necessary in patients with PD-L1 expressed ESCC.

Citations

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Updated pan-tumor guidelines for neoadjuvant scoring of pathologic response: a joint SITC and INMC effort
J.S. Deutsch, R.A. Scolyer, E. Burton, K.J. Busam, K.Y. Chen, A. Cimino-Mathews, T.R. Cottrell, C.E. de Andrea, P.O. Fiset, G.V. Long, J. Messina, R.V. Rawson, R. Salgado, C.M. Schürch, R.R. Seethala, L.M. Sholl, S. Signoretti, S.L. Topalian, B.A. van de
Annals of Oncology.2026; 37(2): 141. CrossRef
Low Serum Interleukin-6 Levels Enhance the Efficacy of Neoadjuvant Immunotherapy in Locally Advanced Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Yawei Wang, Ye Hu, Yi Qin, Xiangfeng Jin, Yandong Zhao
Cancer Biotherapy and Radiopharmaceuticals.2025; 40(10): 768. CrossRef
Prognostic role of effective radiation dose to immune cells in esophageal cancer treated with definitive chemoradiation
Yoo Kyung Choi, Seok Hyun Son, Hong Seok Jang, In-Ho Kim, Sea-Won Lee, Soo-Yoon Sung, Satyajeet Rath
PLOS One.2025; 20(11): e0336794. CrossRef

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NESC Multicenter Phase II Trial in the Preoperative Treatment of Gastric Adenocarcinoma with Chemotherapy (Docetaxel-Cisplatin-5FU+Lenograstim) Followed by Chemoradiation Based 5FU and Oxaliplatin and Surgery: Laurent Mineur, Frederi Plat, Françoise Desseigne, Gael Deplanque, Mohamed Belkacemi, Laurence Moureau-Zabotto, Carlos D. Beyrne, Khadija Jalali, Stéphane Obled, Denis Smith, Léa Vazquez, Rania Boustany; Cancer Res Treat. 2024;56(2):580-589. Published online October 5, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2023.812

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
Preoperative chemoradiation (CRT) is expected to increase the rate of curative resection and complete histological response. In this trial, we investigated the efficacy of a neoadjuvant CRT regimen in gastric adenocarcinoma (NCT01565109 trial).
Materials and Methods
Patients with stage IB to IIIC gastric adenocarcinoma, endoscopy ultrasound and computed tomography–scan diagnosed, were eligible for this phase II trial. Neoadjuvant treatment consisted of 2 cycles of chemotherapy with DCF (docetaxel, cisplatin, and 5-fluorouracil [5FU]) followed by preoperative CRT with oxaliplatin, continuous 5FU and radiotherapy (45 Gy in 25 fractions of 1.8 Gy, 5 fractions per week for 5 weeks) administered before surgery. R0-resection rate, pathological complete response (pathCR) rate, and survival (progression-free survival [PFS] and overall survival [OS]) were evaluated as primary endpoints.
Results
Among 33 patients included, 32 patients (97%) received CRT and 26 (78.8%) were resected (R0 resection for all patients resected). Among resected patients, we report pathCR in 23,1% and pathologic major response (tumor regression grade 2 according to Mandard’s classification) in 26,9%. With a median follow-up duration of 5.82 years (range, 0.4 to 9.24 years), the estimated median OS for all 33 patients was not reached; 1-, 3-, and 5-year OS rates were 85%, 61%, and 52%, respectively. Among resected patients, those whose histological response was tumor grade regression (TRG) 1-2 had significantly better OS and PFS rates than those with a TRG 3-4-5 response (p=0.019 and p=0.016, respectively).
Conclusion
Promising results from trials involving preoperative chemoradiation followed by surgery in gastric cancer need to be further evaluated in a phase III trial.

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The association between pathological complete response and prognosis of gastric or adenocarcinoma of esophagogastric junction cancer following neoadjuvant chemotherapy: A meta-analysis
Yuwei Cao, Tao Jin, Zehua Chen, Ershuo Du, Panping Liang, Yining Gou, Kun Yang
European Journal of Surgical Oncology.2026; 52(1): 110528. CrossRef
Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy in Locally Advanced Gastric Adenocarcinoma: Long-Term Results and Statistical Algorithm to Predict Individual Risk of Relapse
Miguel Ortego, Olast Arrizibita, Adriana Martinez-Lage, Ángel Vizcay Atienza, Laura Álvarez Gigli, Oskitz Ruiz, José Carlos Subtil, Maialen Zabalza, Victor Valentí, Ana Tortajada, María José Hidalgo, Onintza Sayar, Javier Rodriguez
Cancers.2025; 17(9): 1530. CrossRef
Efficacy of Cisplatin-Containing Chemotherapy Regimens in Patients of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Obaid Ur Rehman, Eeshal Fatima, Zain Ali Nadeem, Arish Azeem, Jatin Motwani, Habiba Imran, Hadia Mehboob, Alishba Khan, Omer Usman
Journal of Gastrointestinal Cancer.2024; 55(2): 559. CrossRef
The Comparison of FLOT and DCF Regimens as Perioperative Treatment for Gastric Cancer
Gökhan Uçar, Serhat Sekmek, İrfan Karahan, Yakup Ergün, Özlem Aydın İsak, Sezai Tunç, Mutlu Doğan, Fatih Gürler, Doğan Bayram, Yusuf Açıkgöz, Selin Aktürk Esen , Burak Civelek, Fahriye Tuğba Köş , Öznur Bal, Efnan Algın, Tülay Eren, Gökşen İnanç İmamoğ
Oncology.2024; : 1. CrossRef

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Risk Stratification of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Patients Undergoing Curative-Intent Surgery after Neoadjuvant Therapy: Hyun Kyung Yang, Mi-Suk Park, Kyunghwa Han, Geonsik Eom, Yong Eun Chung, Jin-Young Choi, Seungmin Bang, Chang Moo Kang, Jinsil Seong, Myeong-Jin Kim; Cancer Res Treat. 2024;56(1):247-258. Published online August 22, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2023.586

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
Clinical prognostic criteria using preoperative factors were not developed for post–neoadjuvant therapy (NAT) surgery of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). We aimed to identify preoperative factors associated with overall survival (OS) in PDAC patients who underwent post-NAT curative-intent surgery and develop risk stratification criteria.
Materials and Methods
Consecutive PDAC patients who underwent post-NAT curative-intent surgeries between 2007 and 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. Demographic, laboratory, surgical, and histopathologic variables were collected. Baseline, preoperative, and interval changes of computed tomography (CT) findings proposed by the Society of Abdominal Radiology and the American Pancreatic Association were analyzed. Cox proportional hazard analysis was used to select preoperative variables associated with OS. We developed risk stratification criteria composed of the significant preoperative variables, i.e., post-NAT response criteria. We compared the discrimination performance of post-NAT response criteria with that of post-NAT pathological (yp) American Joint Cancer Committee TNM staging system.
Results
One hundred forty-five PDAC patients were included. Stable or increased tumor size on CT (hazard ratio [HR], 2.58; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.58 to 4.21; p < 0.001) and elevated preoperative carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) level (HR, 1.98; 95% CI, 1.11 to 3.55; p=0.021) were independent factors of OS. The OS of the patient groups stratified by post-NAT response criteria which combined changes in tumor size and CA19-9 showed significant difference (p < 0.001). Such stratification was comparable to ypTNM staging in discrimination performance (difference of C-index, 0.068; 95% CI, –0.012 to 0.142).
Conclusion
“Any degree of decrease in tumor size on CT” and CA19-9 normalization or staying normal were independent favorable factors of OS. The combination of the two factors discriminated OS comparably to ypTNM staging.

Citations

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Prognostic factors in localized pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma after neoadjuvant therapy and resection: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Ammar A Javed, Alyssar Habib, Omar Mahmud, Asad Saulat Fatimi, Mahip Grewal, Nabiha Mughal, Jin He, Christopher L Wolfgang, Lois Daamen, Marc G Besselink
JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute.2025; 117(5): 840. CrossRef

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Breast cancer

Changes in Invasive Breast Carcinomas after Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Can Influence Adjuvant Therapeutic Decisions: Bárbara Jaime dos Santos, Débora Balabram, Virginia Mara Reis Gomes, Carolina Costa Café de Castro, Paulo Henrique Costa Diniz, Marcelo Araújo Buzelin, Cristiana Buzelin Nunes; Cancer Res Treat. 2024;56(1):178-190. Published online August 1, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2023.386

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Purpose
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) can change invasive breast carcinomas (IBC) and influence the patients’ overall survival time (OS). We aimed to identify IBC changes after NACT and their association with OS.
Materials and Methods
IBC data in pre- and post-NACT samples of 86 patients were evaluated and associated with OS.
Results
Post-NACT tumors changed nuclear pleomorphism score (p=0.025); mitotic count (p=0.002); % of tumor-infiltrating inflammatory cells (p=0.016); presence of in situ carcinoma (p=0.001) and lymphovascular invasion (LVI; p=0.002); expression of estrogen (p=0.003), progesterone receptors (PR; p=0.019), and Ki67 (p=0.003). Immunohistochemical (IHC) profile changed in 26 tumors (30.2%, p=0.050). Higher risk of death was significatively associated with initial tumor histological grade III (hazard ratio [HR], 2.94), high nuclear pleomorphism (HR, 2.53), high Ki67 index (HR, 2.47), post-NACT presence of LVI (HR, 1.90), luminal B–like profile (HR, 2.58), pre- (HR, 2.26) and post-NACT intermediate mitotic count (HR, 2.12), pre- (HR, 4.45) and post-NACT triple-negative IHC profile (HR, 4.52). On the other hand, lower risk of death was significative associated with pre- (HR, 0.35) and post-NACT (HR, 0.39) estrogen receptor–positive, and pre- (HR, 0.37) and post-NACT (HR, 0.57) PR-positive. Changes in IHC profile were associated with longer OS (p=0.050). In multivariate analysis, pre-NACT grade III tumors and pre-NACT and post-NACT triple negative IHC profile proved to be independent factors for shorter OS.
Conclusion
NACT can change tumor characteristics and biomarkers and impact on OS; therefore, they should be reassessed on residual samples to improve therapeutic decisions.

Citations

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Prognostic Impact of Real-World Immunohistochemical Changes in Breast Cancer Treated with Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy
Marcelo Antonini, André Mattar, Marcelo Madeira, Letícia Xavier Félix, Julio Antonio Pereira de Araújo, Francisco Pimentel Cavalcante, Felipe Zerwes, Fabricio Palermo Brenelli, Antonio Luis Frasson, Eduardo Camargo Millen, Marina Diógenes Teixeira, Lariss
Clinical Breast Cancer.2026; 26(1): 276. CrossRef
Discordance in Immunohistochemistry Results in Breast Pathologies: Effect of Chemotherapy, Specimen Characteristics, or Pathology Center?
Mustafa Ersoy
Clinical Medicine Insights: Oncology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Identifying gene expression signatures of oncolytic virus response in patient-derived pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma organoids
Marco Huberts, Elham Aida Farshadi, Farzana Mohammad, Jie Ju, Andrew Stubbs, Ron A.M. Fouchier, Bernadette G. van den Hoogen
Molecular Therapy Oncology.2025; 33(4): 201064. CrossRef
Immunohistochemical Changes After Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy and Their Impact on Breast Cancer Survival: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Marcelo Antonini, André Mattar, Gil Facina, Francisco Pimentel Cavalcante, Felipe Zerwes, Fabricio Palermo Brenelli, Antônio Luis Frasson, Eduardo Camargo Millen, Rodrigo Caires Campos, Letícia Xavier Félix, Juliana Calado Vieira, Marina Diógenes Teixeira
Clinical Breast Cancer.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Post-Surgical Reassessment of Breast Cancer IHC: Concordance, Δ-Metrics, and Treatment-Relevant Reclassification
Ramona Andreea Cioroianu, Michael Schenker, Tradian Ciprian Berisha, Virginia-Maria Rădulescu, George Ovidiu Cioroianu, Raluca Chirculescu, Ana Maria Petrescu, Mihaela Popescu, Anda Lorena Dijmărescu, Stelian Ștefăniță Mogoantă
Diagnostics.2025; 15(24): 3128. CrossRef

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Tumor Microenvironment Can Predict Chemotherapy Response of Patients with Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Receiving Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy: Dongjin Kim, Yeuni Yu, Ki Sun Jung, Yun Hak Kim, Jae-Joon Kim; Cancer Res Treat. 2024;56(1):162-177. Published online July 24, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2023.330

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a breast cancer subtype that has poor prognosis and exhibits a unique tumor microenvironment. Analysis of the tumor microbiome has indicated a relationship between the tumor microenvironment and treatment response. Therefore, we attempted to reveal the role of the tumor microbiome in patients with TNBC receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
Materials and Methods
We collected TNBC patient RNA-sequencing samples from the Gene Expression Omnibus and extracted microbiome count data. Differential and relative abundance were estimated with linear discriminant analysis effect size. We calculated the immune cell fraction with CIBERSORTx and conducted survival analysis using the Cancer Genome Atlas patient data. Correlations between the microbiome and immune cell compositions were analyzed and a prediction model was constructed to estimate drug response.
Results
Among the pathological complete response group (pCR), the beta diversity varied considerably; consequently, 20 genera and 24 species were observed to express a significant differential and relative abundance. Pandoraea pulmonicola and Brucella melitensis were found to be important features in determining drug response. In correlation analysis, Geosporobacter ferrireducens, Streptococcus sanguinis, and resting natural killer cells were the most correlated factors in the pCR, whereas Nitrosospira briensis, Plantactinospora sp. BC1, and regulatory T cells were key features in the residual disease group.
Conclusion
Our study demonstrated that the microbiome analysis of tumor tissue can predict chemotherapy response of patients with TNBC. Further, the immunological tumor microenvironment may be impacted by the tumor microbiome, thereby affecting the corresponding survival and treatment response.

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Intratumoral microbiome in breast cancer: A hidden player in tumor development, progression and treatment response
Jacopo Canzian, Flavia Jacobs, Anna Floreani, Chiara Miggiano, Paola Tiberio, Chiara Pozzi, Armando Santoro, Alberto Zambelli, Maria Rescigno, Rita De Sanctis
Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology.2026; 217: 105035. CrossRef
Disease- and chemotherapy-associated salivary microbiome changes in breast cancer patients
Elżbieta Kaja, Joanna Grupińska, Magdalena Budzyń, Joanna Ciomborowska-Basheer, Anita Szwed, Izabela Makałowska, Zacharias Papadovasilakis, Dorota Formanowicz
Breast Cancer Research and Treatment.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
Molecular Classification of Breast Cancer Using Weakly Supervised Learning
Wooyoung Jang, Jonghyun Lee, Kyong Hwa Park, Aeree Kim, Sung Hak Lee, Sangjeong Ahn
Cancer Research and Treatment.2025; 57(1): 116. CrossRef
Machine learning predictions of tumor progression: How reliable are we?
Molham Sakkal, Abdallah Abou Hajal
Computers in Biology and Medicine.2025; 191: 110156. CrossRef
The Microbial Regulation Spectrum of Metformin in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: An Individual-Based Meta-Analysis of 1431 Participants
Wenquan Su, Yanan Yang, Jiale Cheng, Naijia Dong, Yuan Li, Qinhua Fan, Hai Lin, Shengxian Wu, Chongming Wu
The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism.2025; 110(8): 2383. CrossRef
Utility of Multicellular Spheroids for Investigating Mechanisms of Chemoresistance in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer
Keith N. Ncube, Iman van den Bout, Clarissa Willers, Chrisna Gouws, Werner Cordier
International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2025; 26(15): 7503. CrossRef
Microbial Signatures in Breast Cancer: Exploring New Potentials Across Body Niches
Alicia Yoke Wei Wong, Giulia Bicchieraro, Isabella Palumbo, Antonella Ciabattoni, Cynthia Aristei, Roberta Spaccapelo
International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2025; 26(17): 8654. CrossRef
Fecal microbiota transplantation to enhance cancer treatment outcomes across different cancer types: A systematic literature review
Demi Wekking, Tom van den Ende, Maarten F. Bijlsma, Andrés Vidal-Itriago, Max Nieuwdorp, Hanneke W.M. van Laarhoven
Cancer Treatment Reviews.2025; 140: 103025. CrossRef
Microbial modulation as a game changer: Boosting immunotherapy efficacy in breast cancer
Fada Xia, Qiaoli Yi, Zhijie Xu, Zhiyang Zhou, Hailin Tang, Kejing Zhang, Yuanliang Yan
Seminars in Cancer Biology.2025; 117: 152. CrossRef
Shotgun Metagenomics Reveals Minor Micro“bee”omes Diversity Defining Differences between Larvae and Pupae Brood Combs
Daniil Smutin, Amir Taldaev, Egor Lebedev, Leonid Adonin
International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2024; 25(2): 741. CrossRef

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Lung and Thoracic cancer

Tumor Microenvironment Modulation by Neoadjuvant Erlotinib Therapy and Its Clinical Impact on Operable EGFR-Mutant Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Beung-Chul Ahn, Charny Park, Moon Soo Kim, Jong Mog Lee, Jin Ho Choi, Hyae Young Kim, Geon Kook Lee, Namhee Yu, Youngjoo Lee, Ji-Youn Han; Cancer Res Treat. 2024;56(1):70-80. Published online June 21, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2023.482

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors have greatly improved survival in EGFR-mutant (EGFRm) non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC); however, their effects on the tumor microenvironment (TME) are unknown. We assessed the changes induced by neoadjuvant erlotinib therapy (NE) in the TME of operable EGFRm NSCLC.
Materials and Methods
This was a single-arm phase II trial for neoadjuvant/adjuvant erlotinib therapy in patients with stage II/IIIA EGFRm NSCLC (EGFR exon 19 deletion or L858R mutations). Patients received up to 2 cycles of NE (150 mg/day) for 4 weeks, followed by surgery and adjuvant erlotinib or vinorelbine plus cisplatin therapy depending on observed NE response. TME changes were assessed based on gene expression analysis and mutation profiling.
Results
A total of 26 patients were enrolled; the median age was 61, 69% were female, 88% were stage IIIA, and 62% had L858R mutation. Among 25 patients who received NE, the objective response rate was 72% (95% confidence interval [CI], 52.4 to 85.7). The median disease-free and overall survival (OS) were 17.9 (95% CI, 10.5 to 25.4) and 84.7 months (95% CI, 49.7 to 119.8), respectively. Gene set enrichment analysis in resected tissues revealed upregulation of interleukin, complement, cytokine, transforming growth factor β, and hedgehog pathways. Patients with upregulated pathogen defense, interleukins, and T-cell function pathways at baseline exhibited partial response to NE and longer OS. Patients with upregulated cell cycle pathways at baseline exhibited stable/progressive disease after NE and shorter OS.
Conclusion
NE modulated the TME in EGFRm NSCLC. Upregulation of immune-related pathways was associated with better outcomes.

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Leveraging conformational ensembles in allosteric drug discovery
Ruth Nussinov, Clil Regev, Hyunbum Jang
Trends in Pharmacological Sciences.2026; 47(3): 276. CrossRef
TGF‑β at the Crossroads: Orchestrating the Bone Metastatic Microenvironment and Shaping Therapeutic Frontiers
Khalid S. Mohammad, Fatimah Hussain Bu Izran
Frontiers in Bioscience-Landmark.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Dual Inhibition of SYK and EGFR Overcomes Chemoresistance by Inhibiting CDC6 and Blocking DNA Replication
Jayaprakash Mandal, Tiffany Nicole Jones, Juliane Marie Liberto, Stephanie Gaillard, Tian-Li Wang, Ie-Ming Shih
Cancer Research.2024; 84(22): 3881. CrossRef

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Gastrointestinal cancer

Analysis of Plasma Circulating Tumor DNA in Borderline Resectable Pancreatic Cancer Treated with Neoadjuvant Modified FOLFIRINOX: Clinical Relevance of DNA Damage Repair Gene Alteration Detection: Dong-Hoon Lim, Hyunseok Yoon, Kyu-pyo Kim, Baek-Yeol Ryoo, Sang Soo Lee, Do Hyun Park, Tae Jun Song, Dae Wook Hwang, Jae Hoon Lee, Ki Byung Song, Song Cheol Kim, Seung-Mo Hong, Jaewon Hyung, Changhoon Yoo; Cancer Res Treat. 2023;55(4):1313-1320. Published online May 4, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2023.452

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
There are no reliable biomarkers to guide treatment for patients with borderline resectable pancreatic cancer (BRPC) in the neoadjuvant setting. We used plasma circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) sequencing to search biomarkers for patients with BRPC receiving neoadjuvant mFOLFIRINOX in our phase 2 clinical trial (NCT02749136).
Materials and Methods
Among the 44 patients enrolled in the trial, patients with plasma ctDNA sequencing at baseline or post-operation were included in this analysis. Plasma cell-free DNA isolation and sequencing were performed using the Guardant 360 assay. Detection of genomic alterations, including DNA damage repair (DDR) genes, were examined for correlations with survival.
Results
Among the 44 patients, 28 patients had ctDNA sequencing data qualified for the analysis and were included in this study. Among the 25 patients with baseline plasma ctDNA data, 10 patients (40%) had alterations of DDR genes detected at baseline, inclu-ding ATM, BRCA1, BRCA2 and MLH1, and showed significantly better progression-free survival than those without such DDR gene alterations detected (median, 26.6 vs. 13.5 months; log-rank p=0.004). Patients with somatic KRAS mutations detected at baseline (n=6) had significantly worse overall survival (median, 8.5 months vs. not applicable; log-rank p=0.003) than those without. Among 13 patients with post-operative plasma ctDNA data, eight patients (61.5%) had detectable somatic alterations.
Conclusion
Detection of DDR gene mutations from plasma ctDNA at baseline was associated with better survival outcomes of pati-ents with borderline resectable pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma treated with neoadjuvant mFOLFIRINOX and may be a prognostic biomarker.

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Personalized tumor-informed circulating tumor DNA monitoring for early detection of recurrence in postoperative pancreatic cancer
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Breast cancer

Prognostic Value of the Evolution of HER2-Low Expression after Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy: Youzhao Ma, Mingda Zhu, Jingyang Zhang, Minhao Lv, Xiuchun Chen, Zhenzhen Liu; Cancer Res Treat. 2023;55(4):1210-1221. Published online April 4, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2022.1633

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Purpose
Patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)–low advanced breast cancer can benefit from trastuzumab deruxtecan. Given the unclear prognostic characteristics of HER2-low breast cancer, we investigated the prognostic characteristics of HER2-low expression from primary tumor to residual disease after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT).
Materials and Methods
The data of HER2-negative patients receiving NACT at our center were collected. Pathological complete response (pCR) rate were compared between HER2-0 and HER2-low patients. The evolution of HER2 expression from primary tumor to residual disease and its impact on disease-free survival (DFS) were examined.
Results
Of the 690 patients, 494 patients had HER2-low status, of which 72.3% were hormone receptor (HR)–positive (p < 0.001). The pCR rates of HER2-low and HER2-0 patients (14.2% vs. 23.0%) showed no difference in multivariate analysis regardless of HR status. No association was observed between DFS and HER2 status. Of the 564 non-pCR patients, 57 (10.1%) changed to HER2-positive, and 64 of the 150 patients (42.7%) with HER2-0 tumors changed to HER2-low. HER2-low (p=0.004) and HR-positive (p=0.010) tumors before NACT were prone to HER2 gain. HER2 gain patients had a better DFS compared with HER2-negative maintained patients (87.9% vs. 79.5%, p=0.048), and the DFS of targeted therapy group was better than that of no targeted therapy group (92.4% vs. 66.7%, p=0.016).
Conclusion
Although HER2-low did not affect the pCR rate and DFS, significant evolution of HER2-low expression after NACT creates opportunities for targeted therapy including trastuzumab.

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Preoperative Differentiation of HER2‐Zero and HER2‐Low from HER2‐Positive Invasive Ductal Breast Cancers Using BI‐RADS MRI Features and Machine Learning Modeling
Jiejie Zhou, Yang Zhang, Haiwei Miao, Ga Young Yoon, Jinhao Wang, Yezhi Lin, Hailing Wang, Yan‐Lin Liu, Jeon‐Hor Chen, Zhifang Pan, Min‐Ying Su, Meihao Wang
Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging.2025; 61(2): 928. CrossRef
Combining ultrasound and immunohistochemistry to differentiate HER-2-low from HER-2-null breast cancer: A diagnostic value analysis
Lu Li, Meng Zhang, Chen Qian, Hao Wu, Kexin Zhang, Wenying Wu
Journal of Radiation Research and Applied Sciences.2025; 18(4): 101918. CrossRef
HER2-low status as a dynamic biomarker in breast cancer: molecular and clinical correlations
A. I. Stukan, S. V. Vtorushin, A. P. Bogdan, T. Yu. Semiglazova, V. V. Kudrina, V. N. Bodnya, V. A. Porkhanov, A. A. Dovlatbekyan, M. A. Chagiev, A. A. Naniz
Siberian journal of oncology.2025; 24(4): 29. CrossRef
Prognostic significance of HER2-low and HER2-zero status before and after neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with HER2-negative breast cancer
Youzhao Ma, Jingyang Zhang, Lina Wang, Dechuang Jiao, Xiuchun Chen, Zhenzhen Liu
Therapeutic Advances in Medical Oncology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
The Modified Neo-Bioscore System for Staging Breast Cancer Treated with Neoadjuvant Therapy Based on Prognostic Significance of HER2-Low Expression
Yingying Zhao, Xinru Chen, Yaohui Wang, Xueqing Zhang, Jingsong Lu, Wenjin Yin
Journal of Clinical Medicine.2024; 13(7): 1850. CrossRef
Comparison of the Pathological Complete Response Rate and Survival Between HER2-Low and HER2-Zero Breast Cancer in Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Setting: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Mei Liu, Qin Xiang, Fengsheng Dai, Yixiao Yuan, Zhongjun Wu, Tingxiu Xiang
Clinical Breast Cancer.2024; 24(7): 575. CrossRef
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy efficacy and prognosis in HER2-low and HER2-zero breast cancer patients by HR status: a retrospective study in China
Shaorong Zhao, Yuyun Wang, Angxiao Zhou, Xu Liu, Yi Zhang, Jin Zhang
PeerJ.2024; 12: e17492. CrossRef
Alteration of HER2 Status During Breast Cancer Progression: A Clinicopathological Analysis Focusing on HER2-Low Status
Kyungah Bai, Ji Won Woo, Hyun Jung Kwon, Yul Ri Chung, Koung Jin Suh, Se Hyun Kim, Jee Hyun Kim, So Yeon Park
Laboratory Investigation.2024; 104(8): 102092. CrossRef
HER2-Low Breast Cancer: Now and in the Future
Sora Kang, Sung-Bae Kim
Cancer Research and Treatment.2024; 56(3): 700. CrossRef
Stable or at least once HER2-low status during neoadjuvant chemotherapy confers survival benefit in patients with breast cancer
Yingying Zhao, Xinru Chen, Yaohui Wang, Xueqing Zhang, Yumei Ye, Shuguang Xu, Liheng Zhou, Yanping Lin, Jingsong Lu, Wenjin Yin
Annals of Medicine.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
The prognostic impact of Her2 status in early triple negative breast cancer: a Turkish Oncology Group (TOG) study
Neslihan Özyurt, Ali Alkan, Burcu Gülbağcı, Mustafa Seyyar, Esra Aşık, Mustafa Şahbazlar, Mehmet Türker, Oğuzcan Kınıkoğlu, Tahir Yerlikaya, Gülhan Dinç, Ali Aytaç, Ziya Kalkan, Senar Ebinç, İlkay Gültürk, Merve Keskinkılıç, Zehra Sucuoğlu İşleyen, Dilek
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Prognostic implications of HER2 changes after neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with HER2-zero and HER2-low breast cancer
Sora Kang, So Heun Lee, Hee Jin Lee, Hyehyun Jeong, Jae Ho Jeong, Jeong Eun Kim, Jin-Hee Ahn, Kyung Hae Jung, Gyungyub Gong, Hak Hee Kim, Saebyeol Lee, Jongwon Lee, Sung-Bae Kim
European Journal of Cancer.2023; : 112956. CrossRef

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Gastrointestinal cancer

Survival Benefit of Adjuvant Chemotherapy in Patients with Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Who Underwent Surgery Following Neoadjuvant FOLFIRINOX: So Heun Lee, Dae Wook Hwang, Changhoon Yoo, Kyu-pyo Kim, Sora Kang, Jae Ho Jeong, Dongwook Oh, Tae Jun Song, Sang Soo Lee, Do Hyun Park, Dong Wan Seo, Jin-hong Park, Ki Byung Song, Jae Hoon Lee, Woohyung Lee, Yejong Park, Bong Jun Kwak, Heung-Moon Chang, Baek-Yeol Ryoo, Song Cheol Kim; Cancer Res Treat. 2023;55(3):956-968. Published online February 27, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2022.409

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
The benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy following curative-intent surgery in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) patients who had received neoadjuvant FOLFIRINOX is unclear. This study aimed to assess the survival benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy in this patient population.
Materials and Methods
This retrospective study included 218 patients with localized non-metastatic PDAC who received neoadjuvant FOLFIRINOX and underwent curative-intent surgery (R0 or R1) between January 2017 and December 2020. The association of adjuvant chemotherapy with disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) was evaluated in overall patients and in the propensity score matched (PSM) cohort. Subgroup analysis was conducted according to the pathology-proven lymph node status.
Results
Adjuvant chemotherapy was administered to 149 patients (68.3%). In the overall cohort, the adjuvant chemotherapy group had significantly improved DFS and OS compared to the observation group (DFS: median, 13.8 months [95% confidence interval (CI), 11.0 to 19.1] vs. 8.2 months [95% CI, 6.5 to 12.0]; p < 0.001; and OS: median, 38.0 months [95% CI, 32.2 to not assessable] vs. 25.7 months [95% CI, 18.3 to not assessable]; p=0.005). In the PSM cohort of 57 matched pairs of patients, DFS and OS were better in the adjuvant chemotherapy group than in the observation group (p < 0.001 and p=0.038, respectively). In the multivariate analysis, adjuvant chemotherapy was a significant favorable prognostic factor (vs. observation; DFS: hazard ratio [HR], 0.51 [95% CI, 0.36 to 0.71; p < 0.001]; OS: HR, 0.45 [95% CI, 0.29 to 0.71; p < 0.001]).
Conclusion
Among PDAC patients who underwent surgery following neoadjuvant FOLFIRINOX, adjuvant chemotherapy may be associated with improved survival. Randomized studies should be conducted to validate this finding.

Citations

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Prognostic factors in localized pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma after neoadjuvant therapy and resection: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Ammar A Javed, Alyssar Habib, Omar Mahmud, Asad Saulat Fatimi, Mahip Grewal, Nabiha Mughal, Jin He, Christopher L Wolfgang, Lois Daamen, Marc G Besselink
JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute.2025; 117(5): 840. CrossRef
Chemotherapy hypersensitivity: Current insights and novel desensitization strategies
Gordon K.H. Chu, Andy K.C. Kan, James K.Y. Hooi, Hye-Ryun Kang, Philip H. Li
Journal of Allergy and Hypersensitivity Diseases.2025; 6: 100042. CrossRef
Radiotherapy of pancreatic cancer patients. Past and present: a review
M. A. Ilin, S. D. Trotsenko, M. V. Podolskaya
Diagnostic radiology and radiotherapy.2025; 16(2): 20. CrossRef
Neoadjuvant Therapy for Resectable and Borderline Resectable Pancreatic Cancer
Julia Groszewska, Michał Romaniuk, Ewa Małecka-Wojciesko
International Journal of Translational Medicine.2025; 5(4): 55. CrossRef
The survival effect of neoadjuvant therapy and neoadjuvant plus adjuvant therapy on pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma patients with different TNM stages: a propensity score matching analysis based on the SEER database
Hao Hu, Yang Xu, Qiang Zhang, Yuan Gao, Zhenyu Wu
Expert Review of Anticancer Therapy.2024; 24(6): 467. CrossRef
Neoadjuvant treatment of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: Whom, when and how
Nebojsa Manojlovic, Goran Savic, Stevan Manojlovic
World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery.2024; 16(5): 1223. CrossRef
Case Study on Analysing the Early Disease Detection of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma in Korean Association for Clinical Oncology
Sijithra Ponnarassery Chandran, N. Santhi
American Journal of Clinical Oncology.2024; 47(10): 475. CrossRef
Evaluating the benefits of adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with pancreatic cancer undergoing radical pancreatectomy after neoadjuvant therapy—a systematic review and meta-analysis
Jiahao Wu, Yike Zhang, Haodong Wang, Wenyi Guo, Chengqing Li, Yichen Yu, Han Liu, Feng Li, Lei Wang, Jianwei Xu
Frontiers in Oncology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef

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Breast cancer

Impact of Postmastectomy Radiation Therapy on Breast Cancer Patients According to Pathologic Nodal Status after Modern Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy: Dowook Kim, Jin Ho Kim, In Ah Kim, Ji Hyun Chang, Kyung Hwan Shin; Cancer Res Treat. 2023;55(2):592-602. Published online October 11, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2022.998

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
The utility of postmastectomy radiation therapy (PMRT) for breast cancer patients after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) is highly controversial. This study evaluated the impact of PMRT according to pathologic nodal status after modern NAC.
Materials and Methods
We retrospectively reviewed 682 patients with clinical stage II-III breast cancer who underwent NAC and mastectomy from 2013 to 2017. In total, 596 patients (87.4%) received PMRT, and 86 (12.6%) did not. We investigated the relationships among locoregional recurrence-free survival (LRRFS), disease-free survival (DFS), overall survival (OS), and various prognostic factors. Subgroup analyses were also performed to identify patients who may benefit from PMRT.
Results
The median follow-up duration was 67 months. In ypN+ patients (n=368, 51.2%), PMRT showed significant benefits in terms of LRRFS, DFS, and OS (all p < 0.001). In multivariate analyses, histologic grade (HG) III (p=0.002), lymphovascular invasion (LVI) (p=0.045), and ypN2-3 (p=0.02) were significant risk factors for poor LRRFS. In ypN1 patients with more than two prognostic factors among luminal/human epidermal growth factor receptor-2–negative subtype, HG I-II, and absence of LVI, PMRT had no significant effect on LRRFS (p=0.18). In ypN0 patients (n=351, 48.8%), PMRT was not significantly associated with LRRFS, DFS, or OS. However, PMRT showed better LRRFS in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients (p=0.03).
Conclusion
PMRT had a major impact on treatment outcomes in patients with residual lymph nodes following NAC and mastectomy. Among ypN0 patients, PMRT may be beneficial only for those with TNBC.

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Development and validation of an interpretable machine learning model for postoperative radiotherapy decision-making in ypN0 breast cancer after neoadjuvant chemotherapy: a real-world study
Yunjiao Zhang, Jie Duan, Niuniu Hou, Xue Zhang, Panpan Liang, Xi Chen, Chutuo Liu, Zhe Wang, Rui Ling
BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
Impact of postmastectomy radiotherapy on locoregional recurrence and survival in patients with ypN0 breast cancer after neoadjuvant chemotherapy: A comprehensive meta-analysis and systematic review
Fangjie Ding, Junfeng Zhao, Xue Wu, Xiaoman Liu, Yunxing Yang, Ying Li, Lili Qiao, Yingying Zhang
Journal of Cancer Research and Therapeutics.2025; 21(2): 477. CrossRef
Value of postmastectomy radiotherapy on overall survival in stage II–III node-negative patients following neoadjuvant therapy: A surveillance, epidemiology, and end results-based population study
Xiaoyu Wang, Xiaolin Zhao, Pian Cheng, Xiaomeng Zou, Weike Zhang, Jie Liu
Science Progress.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
A whole slide image-based risk score predicts prognosis and postmastectomy radiotherapy benefit in triple negative breast cancer patients
Hong Chen, Lizhi Zhang, Pei Liu, Luping Ji, Chuanxu Luo, Bo Peng, Ting Luo, Feng Ye, Xiaorong Zhong
Scientific Reports.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Postmastectomy Radiation Therapy: An ASTRO/ASCO/SSO Clinical Practice Guideline
Rachel B. Jimenez, Yara Abdou, Penny Anderson, Parul Barry, Lisa Bradfield, Julie A. Bradley, Lourdes D. Heras, Atif Khan, Cindy Matsen, Rachel Rabinovitch, Chantal Reyna, Kilian E. Salerno, Sarah E. Schellhorn, Deborah Schofield, Kekoa Taparra, Iman Wash
Annals of Surgical Oncology.2025; 32(12): 8582. CrossRef
Postmastectomy Radiation Therapy: An ASTRO-ASCO-SSO Clinical Practice Guideline
Rachel B. Jimenez, Yara Abdou, Penny Anderson, Parul Barry, Lisa Bradfield, Julie A. Bradley, Lourdes D. Heras, Atif Khan, Cindy Matsen, Rachel Rabinovitch, Chantal Reyna, Kilian E. Salerno, Sarah E. Schellhorn, Deborah Schofield, Kekoa Taparra, Iman Wash
Journal of Clinical Oncology.2025; 43(30): 3292. CrossRef
Postmastectomy Radiation Therapy: An ASTRO/ASCO/SSO Clinical Practice Guideline
Rachel B. Jimenez, Yara Abdou, Penny Anderson, Parul Barry, Lisa Bradfield, Julie A. Bradley, Lourdes D. Heras, Atif Khan, Cindy Matsen, Rachel Rabinovitch, Chantal Reyna, Kilian E. Salerno, Sarah E. Schellhorn, Deborah Schofield, Kekoa Taparra, Iman Wash
Practical Radiation Oncology.2025; 15(6): 549. CrossRef
A recurrence risk score model evaluating effects of postmastectomy radiotherapy in breast cancer patients with pathologically negative lymph nodes after neoadjuvant chemotherapy: a multicenter, retrospective study
Dan-Qiong Wang, Zhou Huang, Hong-Fen Wu, Dong-Xing Shen, Hao Jing, Hui Fang, Li Zhu, Xiao-Bo Huang, Liang-Fang Shen, Mei Shi, Jia-Yi Chen, Min Liu, Jing Cheng, Ye-Xiong Li, Jian Tie, Yu Tang, Shu-Lian Wang
Therapeutic Advances in Medical Oncology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Analysis of Individualized Silicone Rubber Bolus Using Fan Beam Computed Tomography in Postmastectomy Radiotherapy: A Dosimetric Evaluation and Skin Acute Radiation Dermatitis Survey
Xue-mei Chen, Chen-di Xu, Li-ping Zeng, Xiao-tong Huang, Ao-qiang Chen, Lu Liu, Liu-wen Lin, Le-cheng Jia, Hua Li, Xiao-bo Jiang
Technology in Cancer Research & Treatment.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Does Post-Mastectomy Radiotherapy Confer Survival Benefits on Patients With 1-3 Clinically Positive Lymph Nodes Rendered Pathologically Negative After Neoadjuvant Systemic Chemotherapy: Consensus from A Pooled Analysis?
Munaser Alamoodi
European Journal of Breast Health.2024; 20(2): 81. CrossRef
Oncological outcomes of stage I–II breast cancer treatment after subcutaneous/skin-sparing mastectomies with reconstruction
E. A. Rasskazova, A. D. Zikiryakhodzhaev
MD-Onco.2024; 4(3): 37. CrossRef
Effectiveness of mat pilates on fatigue in women with breast cancer submitted to adjuvant radiotherapy: randomized controlled clinical trial
Daniele Medeiros Torres, Kelly de Menezes Fireman, Erica Alves Nogueira Fabro, Luiz Claudio Santos Thuler, Rosalina Jorge Koifman, Anke Bergmann, Sabrina da Silva Santos
Supportive Care in Cancer.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
The Role of Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy in Breast Cancer Patients Who Become Clinically Node-Negative Following Neo-Adjuvant Chemotherapy: A Literature Review
Giulia Ferrarazzo, Alberto Nieri, Emma Firpo, Andrea Rattaro, Alessandro Mignone, Flavio Guasone, Augusto Manzara, Giuseppe Perniciaro, Stefano Spinaci
Current Oncology.2023; 30(10): 8703. CrossRef

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Genitourinary cancer

Neoadjuvant Nivolumab Plus Gemcitabine/Cisplatin Chemotherapy in Muscle-Invasive Urothelial Carcinoma of the Bladder: Hongsik Kim, Byong Chang Jeong, Joohyun Hong, Ghee Young Kwon, Chan Kyo Kim, Won Park, Hongryull Pyo, Wan Song, Hyun Hwan Sung, Jung Yong Hong, Se Hoon Park; Cancer Res Treat. 2023;55(2):636-642. Published online October 6, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2022.343

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Purpose
The activity and safety of neoadjuvant nivolumab plus gemcitabine/cisplatin (N+GC) were tested in patients with muscle-invasive bladder urothelial carcinoma (MIBC).
Materials and Methods
In a prospective phase II trial, patients with cT2-T4a N0 MIBC who were eligible for cisplatin and medically appropriate to undergo radical cystectomy (RC) were enrolled. Treatment with nivolumab 3 mg/kg on days 1 and 15 plus GC (cisplatin 70 mg/m2 on day 1, and gemcitabine 1,000 mg/m2 on days 1, 8, and 15) was repeated every 28 days up to 3 or 4 cycles, depending on the surgery schedules. The primary endpoint was pathologic complete response (pCR, ypT0). Secondary endpoints included pathologic downstaging (≤ ypT1), disease-free survival (DFS), and safety.
Results
Between September 2019 and October 2020, 51 patients were enrolled. Neoadjuvant N+GC was well tolerated. Among 49 patients who completed neoadjuvant N+GC, clinical complete response (cCR) was achieved in 59% of intent-to-treat (ITT) population. RC was performed in 34 (69%) patients. pCR was achieved in 24% (12/49) of ITT population and 35% (12/34) of RC patients. Median DFS was not reached. Over a median follow-up of 24 months, 12 patients experienced disease recurrence and were treated with palliative therapy or surgery. Although 12 patients declined surgery and were treated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy, DFS was longer in patients with cCR after neoadjuvant therapy than those without. Preoperative programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) did not correlate with pCR or pathologic downstaging rates.
Conclusion
Neoadjuvant N+GC was feasible and provided meaningful pathologic responses in patients with MIBC, regardless of baseline PD-L1 expression (ONO-4538-X41; CRIS.nih.go.kr, KCT0003804).

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Clinical and Translational Oncology.2024; 26(7): 1759. CrossRef
Neoadjuvant Cisplatin-Based Chemotherapy Followed by Selective Bladder Preservation Chemoradiotherapy in Muscle-Invasive Urothelial Carcinoma of the Bladder: Post Hoc Analysis of Two Prospective Studies
Sung Wook Cho, Sung Hee Lim, Ghee Young Kwon, Chan Kyo Kim, Won Park, Hongryull Pyo, Jae Hoon Chung, Wan Song, Hyun Hwan Sung, Byong Chang Jeong, Se Hoon Park
Cancer Research and Treatment.2024; 56(3): 893. CrossRef
Perioperative Durvalumab with Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Operable Bladder Cancer
Thomas Powles, James W.F. Catto, Matthew D. Galsky, Hikmat Al-Ahmadie, Joshua J. Meeks, Hiroyuki Nishiyama, Toan Quang Vu, Lorenzo Antonuzzo, Pawel Wiechno, Vagif Atduev, Ariel G. Kann, Tae-Hwan Kim, Cristina Suárez, Chao-Hsiang Chang, Florian Roghmann, M
New England Journal of Medicine.2024; 391(19): 1773. CrossRef
Klassische Chemotherapie, Immuntherapie oder adjuvante Strahlentherapie – Wie können wir die onkologischen Ergebnisse der radikalen Zystektomie verbessern?
Pia Paffenholz, Stefanie Zschäbitz
Die Urologie.2024; 63(10): 994. CrossRef
Recent developments in perioperative combination therapy in muscle-invasive bladder cancer
Jan-Jaap J. Mellema, Bas W.G. van Rhijn, Michiel S. van der Heijden
Current Opinion in Urology.2023; 33(5): 404. CrossRef

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Gynecologic cancer

Genomic Correlates of Unfavorable Outcome in Locally Advanced Cervical Cancer Treated with Neoadjuvant Chemoradiation: Yuchun Wei, Chuqing Wei, Liang Chen, Ning Liu, Qiuxiang Ou, Jiani C. Yin, Jiaohui Pang, Zhenhao Fang, Xue Wu, Xiaonan Wang, Dianbin Mu, Yang Shao, Jinming Yu, Shuanghu Yuan; Cancer Res Treat. 2022;54(4):1209-1218. Published online January 17, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2021.963

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
Neoadjuvant therapy modality can increase the operability rate and mitigate pathological risks in locally advanced cervical cancer, but treatment response varies widely. It remains unclear whether genetic alterations correlate with the response to neoadjuvant therapy and disease-free survival (DFS) in locally advanced cervical cancer.
Materials and Methods
A total of 62 locally advanced cervical cancer (stage IB-IIA) patients who received neoadjuvant chemoradiation plus radical hysterectomy were retrospectively analyzed. Patients’ tumor biopsy samples were comprehensively profiled using targeted next generation sequencing. Pathologic response to neoadjuvant treatment and DFS were evaluated against the association with genomic traits.
Results
Genetic alterations of PIK3CA were most frequent (37%), comparable to that of Caucasian populations from The Cancer Genome Atlas. The mutation frequency of genes including TERT, POLD1, NOS2, and FGFR3 was significantly higher in Chinese patients whereas RPTOR, EGFR, and TP53 were underrepresented in comparison to Caucasians. Germline mutations were identified in 21% (13/62) of the cohort and more than half (57%) had mutations in DNA damage repair genes, including BRCA1/2, TP53 and PALB2. Importantly, high tumor mutation burden, TP53 polymorphism (rs1042522), and KEAP1 mutations were found to be associated with poor pathologic response to neoadjuvant chemoradiation treatment. KEAP1 mutations, PIK3CA-SOX2 co-amplification, TERC copy number gain, and TYMS polymorphism correlated with an increased risk of disease relapse.
Conclusion
We report the genomic profile of locally advanced cervical cancer patients and the distinction between Asian and Caucasian cohorts. Our findings highlight genomic traits associated with unfavorable neoadjuvant chemoradiation response and a higher risk of early disease recurrence.

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Distinct Molecular and Prognostic Profiles of Left‐ and Right‐Sided Colorectal Cancer Revealed by NGS Analysis: The Role of SMAD4 and SETD2 Mutations
Wenlei Zhao, Yuxuan Qiu, Na Bai, Chunhong He, Jiani C. Yin, Qianru Xu, Kaiyu Jian, Baolei Jia, Lin Jiang, Feng Liang
Cancer Medicine.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
Enriched NKX2-1 Mutations in Bronchiolar Adenoma Variants: Evidence for Malignant Transformation or an Indolent Entity
Lu-yao Li, Gong-ming Dong, Yi-xin Ma, Jie Liu, Yan Shi, Fu-quan Jia, Guan-jun Zhang
Current Medical Science.2026; 46(1): 116. CrossRef
Predictive role of ARID1A and B2M mutations and the antigen presentation pathway in the efficacy of definitive chemoradiotherapy for cervical cancer
Chenjing Zhu, Zhen Gong, Ping Yin, Jian Huang, Dan He, Biqing Zhu, Yaqin Wu, Hairong Wang, Yaru Zhang, Qifan Jing, Jiani C Yin, Yue Li, Jianyao Liu, Huanhuan Hu, Shuyue Xiao, Zhihua Sun, Hanzi Xu
The Oncologist.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
A Comparative Analysis of Usual- and Gastric-Type Cervical Adenocarcinoma in a Japanese Population Reveals Distinct Clinicopathological and Molecular Features with Prognostic and Therapeutic Insights
Umme Farzana Zahan, Hasibul Islam Sohel, Kentaro Nakayama, Masako Ishikawa, Mamiko Nagase, Sultana Razia, Kosuke Kanno, Hitomi Yamashita, Shahataj Begum Sonia, Satoru Kyo
International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2025; 26(15): 7469. CrossRef
Comprehensive characterization of PKHD1 mutation in human colon cancer
Lu Han, Fangming Gong, Xuxiaochen Wu, Wanxiangfu Tang, Hua Bao, Yue Wang, Daizhenru Wang, Yulan Sun, Peng Li
Cancer Medicine.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
PBRM1 presents a potential ctDNA marker to monitor response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in cervical cancer
Wenhan Li, Yuhui Huang, Man Xiao, Jing Zhao, Shi Du, Zehua Wang, Sha Hu, Lu Yang, Jing Cai
iScience.2024; 27(3): 109160. CrossRef
Comprehensive genomic profiling of pulmonary spindle cell carcinoma using tissue and plasma samples: insights from a real‐world cohort analysis
Yi Sun, Shilei Qin, Song Wang, Jiaohui Pang, Qiuxiang Ou, Weiquan Liang, Hai Zhong
The Journal of Pathology: Clinical Research.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
PD-1 inhibitor plus concurrent chemoradiotherapy for high-risk locally advanced cervical cancer
Cong Wang, Lijun Liu, Xia Li, Jia Lei, Yiqian Li, Zhibo Shen, Huirong Shi, Yan Cheng
Future Oncology.2024; 20(20): 1415. CrossRef
A biomarker exploration in small-cell lung cancer for brain metastases risk and prophylactic cranial irradiation therapy efficacy
Li Li, Ning Liu, Tao Zhou, Xueting Qin, Xiaoyu Song, Song Wang, Jiaohui Pang, Qiuxiang Ou, Yong Wang, Dexian Zhang, Jiaran Li, Fuhao Xu, Shuming Shi, Jinming Yu, Shuanghu Yuan
Lung Cancer.2024; 196: 107959. CrossRef
Prospects of POLD1 in Human Cancers: A Review
Michał Gola, Przemysław Stefaniak, Janusz Godlewski, Barbara Jereczek-Fossa, Anna Starzyńska
Cancers.2023; 15(6): 1905. CrossRef
Copy-number-gain of telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) is associated with an unfavorable prognosis in esophageal adenocarcinoma
Su Ir Lyu, Felix C. Popp, Adrian Georg Simon, Anne Maria Schultheis, Thomas Zander, Caroline Fretter, Wolfgang Schröder, Christiane J. Bruns, Thomas Schmidt, Alexander Quaas, Karl Knipper
Scientific Reports.2023;[Epub] CrossRef

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Breast cancer

Real World Evidence of Neoadjuvant Docetaxel/Carboplatin/Trastuzumab/Pertuzumab (TCHP) in Patients with HER2-Positive Early or Locally Advanced Breast Cancer: A Single-Institutional Clinical Experience: Ji-Yeon Kim, Seok Jin Nam, Jeong Eon Lee, Jonghan Yu, Byung Joo Chae, Se Kyung Lee, Jai Min Ryu, Jin Seok Ahn, Young-Hyuck Im, Seok Won Kim, Yeon Hee Park; Cancer Res Treat. 2022;54(4):1091-1098. Published online January 10, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2021.901

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
Docetaxel/carboplatin/trastuzumab/pertuzumab (TCHP) regimen is frequently used to treat early and locally advanced human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)–positive breast cancer (BC) in neoadjuvant setting. However, large-scaled real-world evidence did not exist.
Materials and Methods
We retrospectively reviewed medical records of patients with early or locally advanced HER2-positive BC who underwent neoadjuvant TCHP followed by curative surgery at Samsung Medical Center between January 2016 and August 2020.
Results
Of 447 patients, 316 (70.7%) received breast-conserving surgery and 131 (29.3%) received total mastectomy. In terms of neoadjuvant chemotherapy response, pathologic complete response (pCR) and residual cancer burden (RCB) score were analyzed. The rate of pCR was 64% a class of RCB 0 was observed in 65% of cases, RCB class I in 12%, RCB class II in 14%, and RCB class III in 2%. The 3-year event-free survival rate was 90.6%, BC with pCR occurred in 92.8%, and BC with non-pCR in 86.3% (p=0.016). In terms of distant metastasis, the 3-year distant recurrence-free survival rate was 93.5%; BC with pCR occurred in 95.9% and BC with non-pCR in 89.2% (p=0.013). Mucositis (85.2%), pain (83.2%), and diarrhea (70.5%) were the most common non-hematologic adverse events. In terms of hematologic adverse events, anemia (89.9%) was the most commonly observed adverse events followed by thrombocytopenia (29.8%).
Conclusion
Neoadjuvant TCHP therapy had a pCR rate of 64% and a 3-year event-free survival of 90% in real world experience. In terms of toxicity profile, anemia was frequently observed and adequate management including occasional transfusion was required.

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Efficacy, safety, and biomarkers of neoadjuvant trastuzumab and pertuzumab combined with chemotherapy in Chinese patients with HER2-positive breast cancer: a multicenter retrospective cohort study
Xiaowei Qi, Hong Hu, Pengfei Qiu, Wenlin Chen, Xiaochun Wang, Qiyun Shi, Yan Xu, Shu Liu, Yanman Fang, Taolang Li, Jia Ming, Sihai Zhou, Fan Chai, Yueyang Liang, Yuanming Fan, Peng Tang, Li Chen, Shushu Wang, Jun Jiang, Mengyuan Wang, Yi Zhang, Jianyun Ni
International Journal of Surgery.2026; 112(1): 1318. CrossRef
Decrease in Calcifications After Neoadjuvant Treatment Predicts Invasive Tumor Response but Not Complete DCIS Eradication: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Noam Weiner, Yaron Niv, Eran Sharon
Clinical Breast Cancer.2025; 25(7): e990. CrossRef
Comparison of T-DM1 and trastuzumab-pertuzumab in HER2-positive breast cancer patients with residual disease after neoadjuvant therapy: a retrospective study
Junxiao Wang, Yushuai Yu, Qisheng Lin, Xin Wang
World Journal of Surgical Oncology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Pertuzumab/Docetaxel/Carboplatin/Trastuzumab Regimen in Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2–Positive Early, Locally Advanced, and Oligometastatic Breast Cancer: Real-World Outcomes From India
Ajay Gogia, Atul Batra, Ashutosh Mishra, Kamal Kataria, Surendra K. Saini, Sandeep Mathur, Chandra P. Prasad, Hari Krishna Raju Sagiraju
JCO Global Oncology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
De-escalation of neoadjuvant taxane and carboplatin therapy in HER2-positive breast cancer with dual HER2 blockade: a multicenter real-world experience in China
Song Wu, Li Bian, Haibo Wang, Shaohua Zhang, Tao Wang, Zhigang Yu, Jianbin Li, Feng Li, Kun Wang, Zefei Jiang
World Journal of Surgical Oncology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Distinct ER and PR expression patterns significantly affect the clinical outcomes of early HER2-positive breast cancer: A real-world analysis of 871 patients treated with neoadjuvant therapy
Haizhu Chen, Xiujuan Gui, Ziwei Zhou, Fengxi Su, Chang Gong, Shunrong Li, Wei Wu, Nanyan Rao, Qiang Liu, Herui Yao
The Breast.2024; 75: 103733. CrossRef
Impact of adding pertuzumab to trastuzumab plus chemotherapy in neoadjuvant treatment of HER2 positive breast cancer patients: a multicenter real-life HER2PATH study
Ahmet Bilici, Omer Fatih Olmez, Muhammed Ali Kaplan, Berna Oksuzoglu, Ahmet Sezer, Nuri Karadurmus, Erdem Cubukcu, Mehmet Ali Nahit Sendur, Sercan Aksoy, Dilek Erdem, Gul Basaran, Burcu Cakar, Abdallah T. M. Shbair, Cagatay Arslan, Ahmet Taner Sumbul, Sem
Acta Oncologica.2023; 62(4): 381. CrossRef
Pathologic Complete Response Achieved in Early-Stage HER2-Positive Breast Cancer After Neoadjuvant Therapy With Trastuzumab and Chemotherapy vs. Trastuzumab, Chemotherapy, and Pertuzumab: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Clinical Trials
Faizan Fazal, Muhammad Nauman Bashir, Maham Leeza Adil, Usama Tanveer, Mansoor Ahmed, Taha Zahid Chaudhry, Ali Ahmad Ijaz, Muhammad Haider
Cureus.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Trends of axillary surgery in breast cancer patients with axillary lymph node metastasis: a comprehensive single-center retrospective study
Yeon Jin Kim, Hye Jin Kim, Soo Yeon Chung, Se Kyung Lee, Byung Joo Chae, Jonghan Yu, Jeong Eon Lee, Seok Won Kim, Seok Jin Nam, Jai Min Ryu
Annals of Surgical Treatment and Research.2023; 105(1): 10. CrossRef
Anthracyclines versus No Anthracyclines in the Neoadjuvant Strategy for HER2+ Breast Cancer: Real-World Evidence
Inês Soares de Pinho, Paulo Luz, Lucy Alves, Raquel Lopes-Brás, Vanessa Patel, Miguel Esperança-Martins, Lisa Gonçalves, Ritas Freitas, Diana Simão, Maria Roldán Galnares, Isabel Fernandes, Silvia Artacho Criado, Salvador Gamez Casado, Jose Baena Cañada,
Clinical Drug Investigation.2023; 43(9): 691. CrossRef
Benefit of postoperative regional nodal irradiation in patients receiving preoperative systemic therapy with docetaxel/carboplatin/trastuzumab/pertuzumab for HER2-positive breast cancer
Nalee Kim, Ji-Yeon Kim, Won Park, Won Kyung Cho, Tae Gyu Kim, Young-Hyuck Im, Jin Seok Ahn, Jeong Eon Lee, Seok Jin Nam, Seok Won Kim, Jonghan Yu, Byung Joo Chae, Sei Kyung Lee, Jai-Min Ryu, Yeon Hee Park, Haeyoung Kim
The Breast.2023; 72: 103594. CrossRef
Response Rate and Safety of a Neoadjuvant Pertuzumab, Atezolizumab, Docetaxel, and Trastuzumab Regimen for Patients With ERBB2-Positive Stage II/III Breast Cancer
Hee Kyung Ahn, Sung Hoon Sim, Koung Jin Suh, Min Hwan Kim, Jae Ho Jeong, Ji-Yeon Kim, Dae-Won Lee, Jin-Hee Ahn, Heejung Chae, Kyung-Hun Lee, Jee Hyun Kim, Keun Seok Lee, Joo Hyuk Sohn, Yoon-La Choi, Seock-Ah Im, Kyung Hae Jung, Yeon Hee Park
JAMA Oncology.2022; 8(9): 1271. CrossRef

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Lung and Thoracic cancer

The Role of Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio in Predicting Pathological Response for Resectable Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer Treated with Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Combined with PD-1 Checkpoint Inhibitors: Xiaoyan Sun, Yingnan Feng, Bin Zhang, Wuhao Huang, Xiaoliang Zhao, Hua Zhang, Dongsheng Yue, Changli Wang; Cancer Res Treat. 2022;54(4):1017-1029. Published online November 23, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2021.1007

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Purpose
The aim of our study was to investigate the value of baseline and preoperative neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in predicting the pathological response and disease-free survival (DFS) of neoadjuvant chemotherapy alone or combined with programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) checkpoint inhibitors in patients with resectable non‒small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
Materials and Methods
Resectable NSCLC patients who underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy alone or combined with PD-1 checkpoint inhibitors between January 2018 and January 2020 were included. Peripheral venous blood samples of the patients were collected within 3 days prior to the first neoadjuvant treatment and within 3 days prior to surgery.
Results
A total of 79 patients in neoadjuvant chemotherapy combined with PD-1 checkpoint inhibitors group and 89 patients in neoadjuvant chemotherapy alone group were included. Thirty-five point four percent of the patients achieved pathological complete response (pCR) in neoadjuvant chemotherapy combined with PD-1 checkpoint inhibitors group, whereas only 9.0% reached pCR in the group of neoadjuvant chemotherapy. High NLR level were correlated with poor pathological response and DFS in neoadjuvant chemotherapy or combined with PD-1 checkpoint inhibitors group. Multivariate analysis revealed that baseline NLR could independently predict pathological response and DFS in the neoadjuvant chemotherapy combined with PD-1 checkpoint inhibitors group.
Conclusion
High NLR level were correlated with poor pathological response and shorter DFS in patients with NSCLC undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy or combined with PD-1 checkpoint inhibitors. Meanwhile, baseline NLR could independently predict response to pathological response and DFS, revealing its potential as a screening tool in NSCLC patients who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy combined with PD-1 checkpoint inhibitors.

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Francesca Lunardi, Alessandra Ferro, Luca Vedovelli, Federica Pezzuto, Sofia‐Eleni Tzorakoleftheraki, Asuman Kilitci, Yuliia Kuzyk, Simone Zanella, Marco Schiavon, Federico Rea, Giulia Pasello, Fiorella Calabrese
Histopathology.2026; 88(3): 710. CrossRef
Intratumoral and peritumoral heterogeneity based on CT to predict the pathological response after neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Xiaodong Ling, Xiaolong Yang, Ping Wang, Yingjie Li, Zhubin Wen, Jiayang Wang, Kaige Chen, Yanhong Yu, Aoyu Liu, Jianqun Ma, Wei Meng
International Journal of Surgery.2026; 112(1): 314. CrossRef
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Construction of a prognosis forecasting model for immuno-therapy response in cancer patients by integrating routine clinical parameters and tumor mutational burden
Xudong ZHU, Shuqiang HAO, Zhen CHENG, Weijia FANG
Journal of Zhejiang University (Medical Sciences).2026; 55(1): 36. CrossRef
Perioperative inflammatory index differences between pulmonary squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma and their prognostic implications
Yi Liu, Songping Cui, Jing Wang, Bin Hu, Shuo Chen
Frontiers in Oncology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Predictive factors of treatment efficacy and prognosis in patients with resectable non–small cell lung cancer following neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy
Zhaoxin Chen, Zhendong Lu, Mengdong Zhang, Dan Zhao, Wei Li, Siyun Fu, Liang Shi, Junfang Tang, Zhe Liu, Jinghui Wang, Dongpo Wang
Oncology and Translational Medicine.2025; 11(5): 221. CrossRef
Carcinoembryonic antigen as a predictor of treatment outcomes in cancer patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors
Wangbin Ma, Qiao Shi, Xiaozhe Su, Lilong Zhang, Chen Chen, Chao Zhang, Ying Wang
Annals of Medicine.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
The Value of Dynamic of Alkaline Phosphatase and Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio in Predicting the Efficacy of Neoadjuvant Immunochemotherapy in Patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Li Gong, Qihang Yan, Dachuan Liang, Liang Li, Jie Yang, Wingshing Wong, Shuyue Zhang, Shuqin Dai, Wenyu Zhai, Junye Wang
Journal of Inflammation Research.2025; Volume 18: 14827. CrossRef
Circulating biomarkers as predictors of response to immune checkpoint inhibitors in NSCLC: Are we on the right path?
Calogera Claudia Spagnolo, Francesco Pepe, Giuliana Ciappina, Francesco Nucera, Paolo Ruggeri, Andrea Squeri, Desirèe Speranza, Nicola Silvestris, Umberto Malapelle, Mariacarmela Santarpia
Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology.2024; 197: 104332. CrossRef
Easily applicable predictive score for MPR based on parameters before neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy in operable NSCLC: a single-center, ambispective, observational study
Mingming Hu, Xiaomi Li, Haifeng Lin, Baohua Lu, Qunhui Wang, Li Tong, Hongxia Li, Nanying Che, Shaojun Hung, Yi Han, Kang Shi, Chenghai Li, Hongmei Zhang, Zhidong Liu, Tongmei Zhang
International Journal of Surgery.2024; 110(4): 2275. CrossRef
Dynamics of peripheral blood inflammatory index predict tumor pathological response and survival among patients with locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer who underwent neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy: a multi-cohort retrospective study
Wenyu Zhai, Chao Zhang, Fangfang Duan, Jingdun Xie, Shuqin Dai, Yaobin Lin, Qihang Yan, Bingyu Rao, Liang Li, Yuheng Zhou, Zerui Zhao, Hao Long, Junye Wang
Frontiers in Immunology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Predicting Pathologic Complete Response in Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer with [68Ga]Ga-FAPI-04 PET, [18F]FDG PET, and Contrast-Enhanced MRI: Lesion-to-Lesion Comparison with Pathology
Xiao Zhang, Zhenyu Lin, Yuan Feng, Zhaoguo Lin, Kaixiong Tao, Tao Zhang, Xiaoli Lan
Journal of Nuclear Medicine.2024; 65(10): 1548. CrossRef
Radiomics nomogram combined with clinical factors for predicting pathological complete response in resectable esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Zihao Lu, Yongsen Li, Wenxuan Hu, Yonghao Cao, Xin Lv, Xinyu Jia, Shiyu Shen, Jun Zhao, Chun Xu
Frontiers in Oncology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Explainable Machine Learning Predictions for the Benefit From Chemotherapy in Advanced Non‐Small Cell Lung Cancer Without Available Targeted Mutations
Zhao Shuang, Xiong Xingyu, Cheng Yue, Yu Mingjing
The Clinical Respiratory Journal.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Mean platelet volume/platelet count ratio in combination with tumor markers in colorectal cancer: a retrospective clinical study
Huan Zhang, Fan Lin, Zhuocai Wang
BMC Cancer.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Development and validation of a radiomics-based nomogram for predicting a major pathological response to neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy for patients with potentially resectable non-small cell lung cancer
Chaoyuan Liu, Wei Zhao, Junpeng Xie, Huashan Lin, Xingsheng Hu, Chang Li, Youlan Shang, Yapeng Wang, Yingjia Jiang, Mengge Ding, Muyun Peng, Tian Xu, Ao’ran Hu, Yuda Huang, Yuan Gao, Xianling Liu, Jun Liu, Fang Ma
Frontiers in Immunology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Prognostic role of preoperative inflammatory markers in postoperative patients with colorectal cancer
Zilong Xiao, Xinxin Wang, Xiaoxiao Chen, Jiawei Zhou, Haitao Zhu, Jiangnan Zhang, Wensheng Deng
Frontiers in Oncology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Pan-Immune-Inflammatory Value in Patients with Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Undergoing Neoadjuvant Immunochemotherapy
Wen-Yu Zhai, Fang-Fang Duan, Yao-Bin Lin, Yong-Bin Lin, Ze-Rui Zhao, Jun-Ye Wang, Bing-Yu Rao, Lie Zheng, Hao Long
Journal of Inflammation Research.2023; Volume 16: 3329. CrossRef
The predictive value of 18F-FDG PET/CT combined with inflammatory index for major pathological reactions in resectable NSCLC receiving neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy
Xiaoqin Yin, Jian Li, Bei Chen, Kehuang Liu, Shuo Hu
Lung Cancer.2023; 186: 107389. CrossRef
Efficacy, safety, and survival of neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy in operable non-small cell lung cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Yue Zheng, Baijie Feng, Jingyao Chen, Liting You
Frontiers in Immunology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Emerging Blood-Based Biomarkers for Predicting Immunotherapy Response in NSCLC
Ana Oitabén, Pablo Fonseca, María J. Villanueva, Carme García-Benito, Aida López-López, Alberto Garrido-Fernández, Clara González-Ojea, Laura Juaneda-Magdalena, Martín E. Lázaro, Mónica Martínez-Fernández
Cancers.2022; 14(11): 2626. CrossRef

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234 Download
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21 Crossref

Genitourinary cancer

The Prognosis and the Role of Adjuvant Chemotherapy for Node-Positive Bladder Cancer Treated with Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Followed by Surgery: Hyehyun Jeong, Kye Jin Park, Yongjune Lee, Hyung-Don Kim, Jwa Hoon Kim, Shinkyo Yoon, Bumsik Hong, Jae Lyun Lee; Cancer Res Treat. 2022;54(1):226-233. Published online May 6, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2021.365

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
This study aims to evaluate the prognosis of pathologically node-positive bladder cancer after neoadjuvant chemotherapy, the role of adjuvant chemotherapy in these patients, and the value of preoperative clinical evaluation for lymph node metastases.
Materials and Methods
Patients who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by partial/radical cystectomy and had pathologically confirmed lymph node metastases between January 2007 and December 2019 were identified and analyzed.
Results
A total of 53 patients were included in the study. The median age was 61 years (range, 34 to 81 years) with males comprising 86.8%. Among the 52 patients with post-neoadjuvant/pre-operative computed tomography results, only 33 patients (63.5%) were considered positive for lymph node metastasis. Sixteen patients (30.2%) received adjuvant chemotherapy (AC group), and 37 patients did not (no AC group). With the median follow-up duration of 67.7 months, the median recurrence-free survival (RFS) and the median overall survival (OS) was 8.5 months and 16.2 months, respectively. The 2-year RFS and OS rates were 23.3% and 34.6%, respectively. RFS and OS did not differ between the AC group and no AC group (median RFS, 8.8 months vs. 6.8 months, p=0.772; median OS, 16.1 months vs. 16.3 months, p=0.479). Thirty-eight patients (71.7%) experienced recurrence. Distant metastases were the dominant pattern of failure in both the AC group (91.7%) and no AC group (76.9%).
Conclusion
Patients with lymph node-positive disease after neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by surgery showed high recurrence rates with limited survival outcomes. Little benefit was observed with the addition of adjuvant chemotherapy.

Citations

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A Predictive Nomogram for Development of Lymph Node Metastasis in Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer Following Neoadjuvant Therapy
Garrett K. Harada, Steven N. Seyedin, Olivia Heutlinger, Armon Azizi, Audree Hsu, Arash Rezazadeh, Michael Daneshvar, Greg E. Gin, Edward M. Uchio, Giovanna A. Giannico, Jeremy P. Harris, Aaron B. Simon, Jeffrey V. Kuo, Nataliya Mar
Advances in Radiation Oncology.2025; 10(1): 101671. CrossRef
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G. Marcq, W. Kassouf, M. Roumiguié, B. Pradere, L.S. Mertens, S. Albisinni, A. Cimadamore, J. Yuen-Chun Teoh, M. Moschini, E. Laukhtina, A. Mari, F. Soria, A. Gallioli, F. del Giudice, D. d’Andrea, W. Krajewski, J.B. Beauval, E. Xylinas, D. Pouessel, P. S
Actas Urológicas Españolas.2025; 49(2): 501701. CrossRef
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G. Marcq, W. Kassouf, M. Roumiguié, B. Pradere, L.S. Mertens, S. Albisinni, A. Cimadamore, J. Yuen-Chun Teoh, M. Moschini, E. Laukhtina, A. Mari, F. Soria, A. Gallioli, F. del Giudice, D. d’Andrea, W. Krajewski, J.B. Beauval, E. Xylinas, D. Pouessel, P. S
Actas Urológicas Españolas (English Edition).2025; 49(2): 501701. CrossRef
Differential Outcomes in Bladder Cancer After Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy: An International Multi-Institutional Study Comparing Isolated Nodal Disease vs Persistent Muscle-Invasive Disease
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Breast Cancer

Combination of Simvastatin and FAC Improves Response to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Locally Advanced Breast Cancer: Erwin Danil Yulian, Nurjati Chairani Siregar, Bajuadji; Cancer Res Treat. 2021;53(4):1072-1083. Published online March 9, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2020.1024

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Purpose
The efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy for locally advanced breast cancer (LABC) is limited due to drug resistance and cardiotoxic effects. Preclinical studies have shown that statin induces apoptosis and decreases breast cancer cell growth. This study aims to evaluate the role of statin in combination with fluorouracil, adriamycin, and cyclophosphamide (FAC) therapy in LABC patients.
Materials and Methods
We undertook a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial in two centers of Indonesia. Patients were randomly assigned to FAC plus simvastatin (40 mg/day orally) or FAC plus placebo (40 mg/day) for 21 days. The FAC regimen was repeated every 3 weeks. We evaluated the clinical response, pathological response, and toxicities.
Results
The objective response rate (ORR) for FAC plus simvastatin was 90% (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.99 to 1.67) by per-protocol analysis. No complete responses (CR) were recorded, but there were 48 partial responses. No significant difference was observed between the two groups with the ORR (p=0.103). The pathological CR rate was 6.25% (2 in simvastatin group and 1 in placebo group). Adverse events in both arms were generally mild, mainly consisted of myotoxicity. Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) expression was a factor related to the success of therapeutic response (odds ratio, 4.2; 95% CI, 1.121 to 15.731; p=0.033).
Conclusion
This study suggests that simvastatin combined with FAC shows improvements in ORR and pathological response in patients with LABC. Although no statistically significant difference was documented, there was a trend for better activity and tolerability. The addition of 40 mg simvastatin may improve the efficacy of FAC in LABC patients with HER2 overexpression.

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