Cancer Research and Treatment

Original Articles

Genitourinary cancer

Single Early Intravesical Instillation of Epirubicin for Preventing Bladder Recurrence after Nephroureterectomy in Upper Urinary Tract Urothelial Carcinoma: Jong Hoon Lee, Chung Un Lee, Jae Hoon Chung, Wan Song, Minyong Kang, Hwang Gyun Jeon, Byong Chang Jeong, Seong Il Seo, Seong Soo Jeon, Hyun Hwan Sung; Cancer Res Treat. 2024;56(3):877-884. Published online January 17, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2023.1219

Purpose
We aimed to assess the effectiveness of early single intravesical administration of epirubicin in preventing intravesical recurrence after radical nephroureterectomy for upper tract urothelial carcinoma.
Materials and Methods
Patients with upper tract urothelial carcinoma who underwent radical nephroureterectomy between November 2018 and May 2022 were retrospectively reviewed. Intravesical epirubicin was administered within 48 hours if no evidence of leakage was observed. Epirubicin (50 mg) in 50 mL normal saline solution was introduced into the bladder via a catheter and maintained for 60 minutes. The severity of adverse events was graded using the Clavien-Dindo classification. We compared intravesical recurrence rate between the two groups. Multivariate analyses were performed to identify the independent predictors of bladder recurrence following radical nephroureterectomy.
Results
Epirubicin (n=55) and control (n=116) groups were included in the analysis. No grade 1 or higher bladder symptoms have been reported. A statistically significant difference in the intravesical recurrence rate was observed between the two groups (11.8% at 1 year in the epirubicin group vs. 28.4% at 1 year in the control group; log-rank p=0.039). In multivariate analysis, epirubicin instillation (hazard ratio [HR], 0.43; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.20 to 0.93; p=0.033) and adjuvant chemotherapy (HR, 0.29; 95% CI, 0.13 to 0.65; p=0.003) were independently predictive of a reduced incidence of bladder recurrence.
Conclusion
This retrospective review revealed that a single immediate intravesical instillation of epirubicin is safe and can reduce the incidence of intravesical recurrence after radical nephroureterectomy. However, further prospective trials are required to confirm these findings.

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The role of intravesical chemotherapy following nephroureterectomy in upper tract urothelial carcinoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Stefano Moretto, Andrea Piccolini, Andrea Gallioli, Roberto Contieri, Nicolomaria Buffi, Giovanni Lughezzani, Alberto Breda, Michael Baboudjian, Bas WG van Rhijn, Morgan Roupret, Alessandro Uleri, Benjamin Pradere
Urologic Oncology: Seminars and Original Investigations.2025; 43(3): 191.e1. CrossRef

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No Association of Positive Superficial and/or Deep Margins with Local Recurrence in Invasive Breast Cancer Treated with Breast-Conserving Surgery: Tae In Yoon, Jong Won Lee, Sae Byul Lee, Guiyun Sohn, Jisun Kim, Il Young Chung, Hee Jeong Kim, Beom Seok Ko, Byung Ho Son, Gyungyub Gong, Sung-Bae Kim, Su Ssan Kim, Seung Do Ahn, Minsung Chung, Sei Hyun Ahn; Cancer Res Treat. 2018;50(1):275-282. Published online April 14, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2017.041

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Purpose
We evaluated the effect of positive superficial and/or deep margin status on local recurrence (LR) in invasive breast cancer treated with breast-conserving surgery (BCS) followed by radiotherapy.
Materials and Methods
In total, 3,403 stage 1 and 2 invasive breast cancer patients treated with BCS followed by radiotherapy from January 2000 to December 2008 were included in this study. These patients were divided into three groups according to margin status: clear resection margin status for all sections (group 1, n=3,195); positive margin status in superficial and/or deep sections (group 2, n=121); and positive peripheral parenchymal margin regardless of superficial and/or deep margin involvement (group 3, n=87). The LR-free survival between these three groups was compared and the prognostic role of margin status was analyzed.
Results
Across all groups, age, tumor size, nodal status, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 status did not significantly differ. High grade, positive extensive intraductal component, hormone receptor positivity, hormone therapy received, and chemotherapy not received were more prevalent in groups 2 and 3 than in group 1. Five-year LR rates in groups 1, 2, and 3 were 1.9%, 1.7%, and 7.7%, respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed that group 3 was a significant predictor for LR (hazard ratio [HR], 4.78; p < 0.001), but that positive superficial and/or deep margin was not (HR, 0.66; p=0.57).
Conclusion
Superficial and/or deep margin involvement following BCS is not an important predictor for LR.

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Locoregional Recurrence-Free Survival in Postmastectomy Breast Cancer: A Comparative Longitudinal Study of Hypofractionated Versus Conventional Fractionated Radiation Therapy
Suma Susan Meloot, Ciniraj Raveendran, IP Yadev
Indian Journal of Surgical Oncology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Assessment of Eligibility and Utilization of Accelerated Partial Breast Irradiation in Korean Breast Cancer Patients (KROG 22-15)
Seok-Joo Chun, Ji Hwan Jo, Yong Bae Kim, Sangjoon Park, Sung-Ja Ahn, Su Ssan Kim, Kyubo Kim, Kyung Hwan Shin
Cancer Research and Treatment.2024; 56(2): 549. CrossRef
Surgical margin status and survival outcomes of breast cancer patients treated with breast-conserving surgery and whole-breast irradiation after neoadjuvant chemotherapy
Jong-Ho Cheun, Young Joo Lee, Jun-Hee Lee, Yungil Shin, Jung Whan Chun, Soo Yeon Baek, Hong-Kyu Kim, Han-Byoel Lee, Jonghan Yu, Byung Joo Chae, Wonshik Han, Jeong Eon Lee
Breast Cancer Research and Treatment.2022; 194(3): 683. CrossRef
Comparison of Recurrence Rate Between Re-Excision With Radiotherapy and Radiotherapy-Only Groups in Surgical Margin Involvement of In Situ Carcinoma
Jun-Hee Lee, Hyunjun Lee, Yoon Ju Bang, Jai Min Ryu, Se Kyung Lee, Jonghan Yu, Jeong Eon Lee, Seok Won Kim, Seok Jin Nam, Byung Joo Chae
Journal of Breast Cancer.2022; 25(4): 288. CrossRef
Updates and Debate Concerning Margin Adequacy and Management following Breast-Conserving Surgery
Serena Bertozzi, Ambrogio P Londero, Jose Andres Diaz Nanez, Francesco Leone, Barbara Baita, Lucia La Verghetta, Milena Nobile, Daria Almesberger, Carla Cedolini
Clinical and Experimental Obstetrics & Gynecology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Feasibility and safety of breast-conserving surgery via a periareolar incision for cancers located far from the nipple–areolar complex: a retrospective study
Joohyun Woo, Jihae Lee, Se Hyun Paek, Woosung Lim
Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology.2021; 147(3): 893. CrossRef
Breast-conserving surgery with 3D-printed surgical guide: a single-center, prospective clinical study
Zhen-Yu Wu, Hee Jeong Kim, Jongwon Lee, Il Yong Chung, Jisun Kim, Saebyeol Lee, Byung Ho Son, Sei-Hyun Ahn, Hak Hee Kim, Joon Beom Seo, Jae Ho Jeong, Gyungyub Gong, Namkug Kim, BeomSeok Ko
Scientific Reports.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Usefulness of 3D-surgical guides in breast conserving surgery after neoadjuvant treatment
Han Shin Lee, Hee Jeong Kim, Il Yong Chung, Jisun Kim, Sae Byul Lee, Jong Won Lee, Byung Ho Son, Sei Hyun Ahn, Hak Hee Kim, Joon Beom Seo, Jin Hee Ahn, Gyungyub Gong, Sangwook Lee, Namkug Kim, Beom Seok Ko
Scientific Reports.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Partial chest wall radiation therapy for positive or close surgical margins after modified radical mastectomy for breast cancer without lymph node metastasis
Naoya Ishibashi, Haruna Nishimaki, Toshiya Maebayashi, Keita Adachi, Kenichi Sakurai, Shinobu Masuda, Masaharu Hata, Masahiro Okada
Asia-Pacific Journal of Clinical Oncology.2020; 16(1): 28. CrossRef
Impact of Oncotype DX Recurrence Score on the Patterns of Locoregional Recurrence in Breast Cancer (Korean Radiation Oncology Group 19-06)
Kyubo Kim, Jinhong Jung, Kyung Hwan Shin, Jin Ho Kim, Ji Hyun Chang, Su Ssan Kim, Haeyoung Kim, Won Park, Yong Bae Kim, Jee Suk Chang
Journal of Breast Cancer.2020; 23(3): 314. CrossRef
Magnetic resonance imaging based 3-dimensional printed breast surgical guide for breast-conserving surgery in ductal carcinoma in situ: a clinical trial
Zhen-Yu Wu, Aisha Alzuhair, Heejeong Kim, Jong Won Lee, Il Yong Chung, Jisun Kim, Sae Byul Lee, Byung Ho Son, Gyungyub Gong, Hak Hee Kim, Joon Beom Seo, Sei Hyun Ahn, Namkug Kim, BeomSeok Ko
Scientific Reports.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
Aktuelle chirurgische Therapie des Mammakarzinoms
Jasmin Zeindler, Fabienne Schwab
InFo Hämatologie + Onkologie.2019; 22(4): 15. CrossRef
Comparing long-term local recurrence rates of surgical and non-surgical management of close anterior margins in breast conserving surgery
George Boundouki, Joseph Ryan Wong Sik Hee, Natalie Croghan, Katie Stocking, Andrew Pieri, Adam Critchley, Cliona C. Kirwan, James R. Harvey
Breast Cancer Research and Treatment.2019; 176(2): 311. CrossRef
Therapy of isolated locoregional recurrent carcinoma of the breast
Lena Gabriel, Marina Schmidt, Stephanie Juhasz-Böss, Patrick Melchior, Anika von Heesen, Gilda Schmidt, Nicole Kranzhöfer, Erich-Franz Solomayer, Ingolf Juhasz-Böss, Georg-Peter Breitbach
Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics.2019; 300(2): 365. CrossRef

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Radiotherapy Versus Cordectomy in the Management of Early Glottic Cancer: Seung Yeun Chung, Kyung Hwan Kim, Ki Chang Keum, Yoon Woo Koh, Se-Heon Kim, Eun Chang Choi, Chang Geol Lee; Cancer Res Treat. 2018;50(1):156-163. Published online March 17, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2016.503

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Purpose
The purpose of this study was to compare the treatment outcomes of definitive radiotherapy (RT) with cordectomy in patients with early glottic cancer.
Materials and Methods
A total of 165 patientswhowere diagnosedwith T1/2 squamous cell carcinoma of the glottic larynx between January 2006 and December 2012 were retrospectively analyzed. A total of 112 patients received RT and 53 patients received cordectomy. Local control (LC), disease-free survival (DFS), overall survival (OS), and larynx preservation rates after RT and cordectomy were investigated.
Results
The median follow-up period was 77.7 months (range, 10.7 to 127.0 months). The 3- and 5-year LC rates were 91.9% and 89.9%, respectively, for the RT group, and 82.8% and 73.2%, respectively, for the cordectomy group (p=0.006). The 3- and 5-year DFS rates were 87.5% and 83.7%, respectively, for the RT group and 79.2% and 68.0%, respectively, for the cordectomy group (p=0.046). No significant differences were identified in the 5-year OS (92.8% vs. 90.6%, p=0.713) or larynx preservation rates (98.2% vs. 97.2%, p=0.831) between groups. The major failure pattern was local failure (n=26), followed by regional (n=3) and distant failure (n=2). Multivariate analysis of LC showed that T2 stage (p=0.012) and receiving cordectomy as initial treatment (p=0.001) were significantly associated with poorer LC.
Conclusion
RT resulted in higher rates of LC and DFS compared to cordectomy for early glottic cancer. Treatment with radiotherapy is feasible and should be encouraged for both T1 and T2 glottic cancer.

Citations

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Oncological outcomes of surgical management for T2N0M0 glottic laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma
Jian Zhou, Cheng‐Zhi Xu, Xiao‐Ke Zhu, Yue Yang, Liang Zhou, Hong‐Li Gong, Lei Tao
World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery.2025; 11(1): 29. CrossRef
Particular aspects of laser microsurgery in malignant and premalignant glottic lesions
Mihai Tușaliu, Costinel Adrian Vrejoiu, Iulia Tiţă, Mădălina Vulpe, Adriana Lozbă, Cristian Bucur
ORL.ro.2024; 1(62): 9. CrossRef
The association between initiation weekday of radiotherapy and local control in stage 1 glottic carcinoma: a retrospective analysis
Masashi Endo, Satoru Takahashi, Yukiko Fukuda, Kohei Okada, Kazunari Ogawa, Michiko Nakamura, Masahiro Kawahara, Keiko Akahane, Eri Murakami, Chiaki Shibayama, Ryutaro Onaga, Takafumi Nagatomo, Takeharu Kanazawa, Hiroshi Nishino, Harushi Mori, Katsuyuki S
Journal of Radiation Research.2024; 65(6): 798. CrossRef
The Same–Up–Down Staging System for Recurrent Early Glottic Cancer
Giuseppe Licci, Luca Giovanni Locatello, Giandomenico Maggiore, Flavia Cozzolino, Saverio Caini, Oreste Gallo
Cancers.2023; 15(3): 598. CrossRef
Kehlkopfteilresektion – eine interdisziplinäre Gratwanderung zwischen Resektion und Funktionserhalt
Manuel Christoph Ketterer, Rainer Beck, Matthias Cohnen, Andreas Knopf
best practice onkologie.2023; 18(5): 184. CrossRef
Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy for Early-Stage Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Glottic Larynx: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Niema B. Razavian, Ralph B. D'Agostino, Rachel F. Shenker, Ryan T. Hughes
International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics.2023; 117(3): 652. CrossRef
Clinical Analysis of the Treatment Outcomes of Laryngeal Cancer
Takashi Kurita, Shun-ichi Chitose, Takeharu Ono, Mioko Fukahori, Shintaro Sueyoshi, Ryota Mihashi, Toshihiko Kawaguchi, Akira Hiraki, Hirohito Umeno
Practica oto-rhino-laryngologica. Suppl..2023; 163: 89. CrossRef
Comparison of Survival Outcomes of Different Treatment Options for cT1-2, N0 Glottic Carcinoma: A Propensity Score–Weighted Analysis
Qi-wei Liang, Liang Peng, Jing Liao, Chun-xia Huang, Wei-ping Wen, Wei Sun
Frontiers in Surgery.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Survival study in early stages of glottis cancer, stratified by treatment
Yolanda Lois-Ortega, Fernando García-Curdi, Héctor Vallés-Varela, Ana Muniesa-del Campo
Acta Oto-Laryngologica.2022; 142(7-8): 627. CrossRef
Selective local postoperative radiotherapy for T3–T4 N0 laryngeal cancer
Meltem Dağdelen, Merve Şahin, Tuba Kurt Çatal, Halil Cumhur Yıldırım, Songül Çavdar Karaçam, Kimia Çepni, Ömer Erol Uzel
Strahlentherapie und Onkologie.2022; 198(11): 1025. CrossRef
Long-term impact of smoking cessation on new glottic cancer events in patients with early glottic cancer
Min-Su Kim, Hong-Gyun Wu, Myung-Whun Sung, Tack-Kyun Kwon
Acta Otorhinolaryngologica Italica.2022; 42(6): 525. CrossRef
Diode Laser for Laryngeal Cancer: “980 nm” and Beyond the Classic CO2
Petros D. Karkos, Ioannis Koskinas, Marios Stavrakas, Stefanos Triaridis, Jannis Constantinidis
Ear, Nose & Throat Journal.2021; 100(1_suppl): 19S. CrossRef
Radiotherapy versus partial laryngectomy in the management of early glottic cancer with anterior commissure involvement: A propensity score matched study with 256 patients
Ruichen Li, Qi Wang, Li Yan, Yi Zhu, Shengzi Wang, Shu Tian
Oral Oncology.2021; 116: 105230. CrossRef
Could Primary Chemoradiotherapy in T2 Glottic Cancers Yield Results Comparable to Primary Radiotherapy in T1? Considerations from 531 German Early Stage Patients
Gerhard Dyckhoff, Rolf Warta, Christel Herold-Mende, Elisabeth Rudolph, Peter K. Plinkert, Heribert Ramroth
Cancers.2021; 13(7): 1601. CrossRef
Age as Indicator in the Selection of Surgery Modalities in Early Glottic Cancer
Jialing Wu, Kaiyun You, Xingsheng Qiu, Ting Shen, Juanjuan Song, Changlong Chen, Yanhui Jiang, Yimin Liu
Risk Management and Healthcare Policy.2021; Volume 14: 3223. CrossRef
Feasibility of single vocal cord irradiation as a treatment strategy for T1a glottic cancer
Seung Yeun Chung, Chang Geol Lee
Head & Neck.2020; 42(5): 854. CrossRef
Radiotherapy versus laser microsurgery in the treatment of early glottic cancer
Yolanda Lois-Ortega, Fernando García-Curdi, José Miguel Sebastián-Cortés, Félix De Miguel-García, Héctor Vallés-Varela, Ana Muniesa-del Campo
Acta Oto-Laryngologica.2020; 140(11): 954. CrossRef
Radiotherapy Versus Surgery–Which Is Better for Patients With T1-2N0M0 Glottic Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma? Individualized Survival Prediction Based on Web-Based Nomograms
Yajing Du, Shali Shao, Minghe Lv, Yi Zhu, Li Yan, Tiankui Qiao
Frontiers in Oncology.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
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Javier Santabárbara
Investigación Clínica.2020; 61(4): 324. CrossRef
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Simon Beyaert, Marc Hamoir, Aline Van Maanen, Vincent Grégoire, Sandra Schmitz
European Journal of Surgical Oncology.2019; 45(7): 1188. CrossRef
Prognostic factors in patients with T1 glottic cancer treated with radiotherapy
A. Mucha-Małecka, A. Chrostowska, K. Urbanek, K. Małecki
Strahlentherapie und Onkologie.2019; 195(9): 792. CrossRef
Involvement of the Anterior Commissure in Early Glottic Cancer (Tis-T2): A Review of the Literature
Martine Hendriksma, Elisabeth V. Sjögren
Cancers.2019; 11(9): 1234. CrossRef
Treatment of early-stage laryngeal cancer: A comparison of treatment options
Brandon Jackson Baird, C. Kwang Sung, Beth M. Beadle, Vasu Divi
Oral Oncology.2018; 87: 8. CrossRef

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Young Age Is Associated with Increased Locoregional Recurrence in Node-Positive Breast Cancer with Luminal Subtypes: Sang-Won Kim, Mison Chun, Sehwan Han, Yong Sik Jung, Jin Hyuk Choi, Seok Yun Kang, Hyunee Yim, Seung Hee Kang; Cancer Res Treat. 2017;49(2):484-493. Published online August 23, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2016.246

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Purpose
The effects of biological subtypes within breast cancer on prognosis are influenced by age at diagnosis. We investigated the association of young age with locoregional recurrence (LRR) between patients with luminal subtypes versus those with nonluminal subtypes.
Materials and Methods
Medicalrecords of 524 breast cancer patientswith positive lymph nodes between 1999 and 2010 were reviewed retrospectively. All patients received curative surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy based on contemporary guidelines. Radiation was delivered for patients who underwent breast conserving surgery or those who had four or more positive lymph nodes after mastectomy. Adjuvant hormone therapywas administered to 413 patientswith positive hormone receptors according to their menstrual status.
Results
During median follow-up of 84 months, the 10-year locoregional recurrence-free survival rate (LRRFS) was 84.3% for all patients. Patients < 40 years showed significantly worse 10-year LRRFS than those ≥ 40 years (73.2% vs. 89.0%, respectively; p=0.01). The negative effect of young age on LRRFS was only observed in luminal subtypes (69.7% for < 40 years vs. 90.8% for ≥ 40 years; p < 0.01). Multivariate analysis using luminal subtypes ≥ 40 years as a reference revealed luminal subtypes < 40 years were significantly associated with increased risk of LRR (hazard ratio, 2.33; p < 0.01).
Conclusion
Young breast cancer patients with positive lymph nodes had a higher risk of LRR than those aged ≥ 40 years. This detrimental effect of young age on LRR was confined in luminal subtypes.

Citations

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Treatment, toxicity, and mortality after subsequent breast cancer in female survivors of childhood cancer
Cindy Im, Hasibul Hasan, Emily Stene, Sarah Monick, Ryan K. Rader, Jori Sheade, Heather Wolfe, Zhanni Lu, Logan G. Spector, Aaron J. McDonald, Vikki Nolan, Michael A. Arnold, Miriam R. Conces, Chaya S. Moskowitz, Tara O. Henderson, Leslie L. Robison, Greg
Nature Communications.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
The disparities in prognostic prediction and annualized hazard function in different molecular subtypes between young Chinese and White American women with breast cancer
Yuanyuan Zeng, Jun Wang, Xiaorong Zhong, Zhongzheng Xiang, Tian Yang, Siting Yu, Zelei Dai, Ningyue Xu, Lei Liu
Frontiers in Oncology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Comparing the Prognoses of Breast-Conserving Surgeries for Differently Aged Women with Early Stage Breast Cancer: Use of a Propensity Score Method
Shurui Bao, Guijin He, Pranshu Sahgal
The Breast Journal.2022; 2022: 1. CrossRef
The different prognostic impact of age according to individual molecular subtypes in breast cancer
Nam Hee Kim, Hye Won Bang, Yong Hwa Eom, Seung Hye Choi
Annals of Surgical Treatment and Research.2022; 103(3): 129. CrossRef
Do prognosis and clinicopathological features differ in young early-stage breast cancer?
Akif Enes Arikan, Halil Kara, Onur Dülgeroğlu, Esin Nur Erdoğan, Emir Capkinoglu, Cihan Uras
Frontiers in Surgery.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Comparisons of breast conserving therapy versus mastectomy in young and old women with early-stage breast cancer: long-term results using propensity score adjustment method
Lize Wang, Yingjian He, Jinfeng Li, Tianfeng Wang, Yuntao Xie, Zhaoqing Fan, Tao Ouyang
Breast Cancer Research and Treatment.2020; 183(3): 717. CrossRef
The Prognostic Impact of Age at Diagnosis Upon Breast Cancer of Different Immunohistochemical Subtypes: A Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Population-Based Analysis
Shibin Cai, Wenjia Zuo, Xunxi Lu, Zongchao Gou, Yi Zhou, Pengpeng Liu, Yin Pan, Shuzheng Chen
Frontiers in Oncology.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
Survival improvement in hormone-responsive young breast cancer patients with endocrine therapy
Tae In Yoon, Ui-Kang Hwang, Eui Tae Kim, SaeByul Lee, Guiyun Sohn, Beom Seok Ko, Jong Won Lee, Byung Ho Son, Seonok Kim, Sei Hyun Ahn, Hee Jeong Kim
Breast Cancer Research and Treatment.2017; 165(2): 311. CrossRef

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Locoregional Recurrence by Tumor Biology in Breast Cancer Patients after Preoperative Chemotherapy and Breast Conservation Treatment: Eunjin Jwa, Kyung Hwan Shin, Ja Young Kim, Young Hee Park, So-Youn Jung, Eun Sook Lee, In Hae Park, Keun Seok Lee, Jungsil Ro, Yeon-Joo Kim, Tae Hyun Kim; Cancer Res Treat. 2016;48(4):1363-1372. Published online February 18, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2015.456

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to determine whether breast cancer subtype can affect locoregional recurrence (LRR) and ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence (IBTR) after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) and breast-conserving therapy (BCT). Materials and Methods We evaluated 335 consecutive patients with clinical stage II-III breast cancer who received NAC plus BCT from 2002 to 2009. Patients were classified according to six molecular subtypes: luminal A (hormone receptor [HR]+/HER2–/Ki-67 < 15%, n=113), luminal B1 (HR+/HER2–/Ki-67 ≥ 15%, n=33), luminal B2 (HR+/HER2+, n=83), HER2 with trastuzumab (HER2[T+]) (HR–/HER2+/use of trastuzumab, n=14), HER2 without trastuzumab (HER2[T–]) (HR–/HER2+, n=31), and triple negative (TN) (HR–/HER2–, n=61).
Results
After a median follow-up period of 7.2 years, 26 IBTRs and 37 LRRs occurred. The 5-year LRR-free survival rates were luminal A, 96.4%; B1, 93.9%; B2, 90.3%; HER2(T+), 92.9%; HER2(T–), 78.3%; and TN, 79.6%. The 5-year IBTR-free survival rates were luminal A, 97.2%; B1, 93.9%; B2, 92.8%; HER2(T+), 92.9%; HER2(T–), 89.1%; and TN, 84.6%. In multivariate analysis, HER2(T–) (IBTR: hazard ratio, 4.2; p=0.04 and LRR: hazard ratio, 7.6; p < 0.01) and TN subtypes (IBTR: hazard ratio, 6.9; p=0.01 and LRR: hazard ratio, 8.1; p < 0.01) were associated with higher IBTR and LRR rates. A pathologic complete response (pCR) was found to show correlation with better LRR and a tendency toward improved IBTR controls in TN patients (IBTR, p=0.07; LRR, p=0.03). Conclusion The TN and HER2(T–) subtypes predict higher rates of IBTR and LRR after NAC and BCT. A pCR is predictive of improved IBTR or LRR in TN subtype.

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Long-Term Outcome of Definitive Radiotherapy for Early Glottic Cancer: Prognostic Factors and Patterns of Local Failure: Yu Jin Lim, Hong-Gyun Wu, Tack-Kyun Kwon, J. Hun Hah, Myung-Whun Sung, Kwang Hyun Kim, Charn Il Park; Cancer Res Treat. 2015;47(4):862-870. Published online February 13, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2014.203

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Purpose
This study evaluates the long-term results of definitive radiotherapy (RT) for early glottic cancer. Clinical and treatment factors related to local control and patterns of failure are analyzed. Materials and Methods We retrospectively reviewed 222 patients with T1-2N0 squamous cell carcinoma of the glottic larynx treated with definitive RT from 1981 to 2010. None of the patients received elective nodal RT or combined chemotherapy. The median total RT dose was 66 Gy. The daily fraction size was < 2.5 Gy in 69% and 2.5 Gy in 31% of patients. The RT field extended from the hyoid bone to the cricoid cartilage.
Results
The median age was 60 years, and 155 patients (70%) had T1 disease. The 5-year rates of local recurrence-free survival (LRFS) and ultimate LRFS with voice preservation were 87.8% and 90.3%, respectively. T2 (hazard ratio [HR], 2.30; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.08 to 4.94) and anterior commissural involvement (HR, 3.37; 95% CI, 1.62 to 7.02) were significant prognostic factors for LRFS. In 34 patients with local recurrence, tumors recurred in the ipsilateral vocal cord in 28 patients. There were no contralateral vocal cord recurrences. Most acute complications included grade 1-2 dysphagia and/or hoarseness. There was no grade 3 or greater chronic toxicity.
Conclusion
Definitive RT achieved a high cure rate, voice preservation, and tolerable toxicity in early glottic cancer. T2 stage and anterior commissural involvement were prognostic factors for local control. Further optimization of the RT method is needed to reduce the risk of ipsilateral tumor recurrence.

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Surgical Outcomes of Hemorrhagic Metastatic Brain Tumors: Heon Yoo, Eugene Jung, Ho Shin Gwak, Sang Hoon Shin, Seung Hoon Lee; Cancer Res Treat. 2011;43(2):102-107. Published online June 30, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2011.43.2.102

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

PURPOSE
Hemorrhagic metastatic brain tumors are not rare, but little is known about the surgical outcome following treatment. We conducted this study to determine the result of the surgical outcome of hemorrhagic metastatic brain tumors.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
From July 2001 to December 2008, 21 patients underwent surgery for hemorrhagic metastatic brain tumors at our institution. 15 patients had lung cancer, 3 had hepatocellular carcinoma, and the rest had rectal cancer, renal cell carcinoma, and sarcoma. 20 patients had macroscopic hemorrhage in the tumors, and one patient had intracerebral hemorrhage surrounding the tumor. A retrospective clinical review was conducted focusing on the patterns of presenting symptoms and signs, as well as local recurrence following surgery.
RESULTS
Among 21 hemorrhagic brain metastases, local recurrence developed in two patients. The 12 month progression free survival rate was 86.1%. Mean time to progression was 20.8 months and median survival time after surgery was 11.7 months.
CONCLUSION
The results of our study showed that hemorrhagic metastatic brain tumors rarely recurred after surgery. Surgery should be considered as a good treatment option for hemorrhagic brain metastasis, especially in cases with increased intracranial pressure or severe neurologic deficits.

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