Cancer Research and Treatment

Special Article

Trends in Cancer-Screening Rates in Korea: Findings from the National Cancer Screening Survey, 2004-2023: EunKyo Kang, Kui Son Choi, Jae Kwan Jun, Yeol Kim, Hyeon Ji Lee, Chang Kyun Choi, Tae Hee Kim, Sun Hwa Lee, Mina Suh; Cancer Res Treat. 2025;57(1):28-38. Published online August 2, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2024.325

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub: Purpose
This study aimed to report the overall national trends in the rates of cancer screening based on recommendations and provide insights into the changing trends of these rates across different demographics.
Materials and Methods
This study used data from the Korean National Cancer Screening Survey (KNCSS), which surveys nationwide cancer-screening rates and includes 4,500 individuals meeting the Korean National Cancer Screening Program (NCSP) protocol age criteria. Cancer-screening rates were assessed using structured questionnaires; yearly trends were analyzed for both lifetime cancer-screening rates and rates of screening based on recommendations, and subgroup analyses were performed based on age and sex.
Results
The rates of cancer screening based on recommendations showed significant increments: the stomach cancer-screening rate increased from 39.2% in 2004 to 77.5% in 2023 (3.50% per year), the liver cancer-screening rate increased from 20.0% to 48.8% (4.30% per year), and the colorectal cancer, increased from 19.9% to 70.7% (5.15% per year). The breast cancer-screening rate increased from 33.2% to 72.7% (2.88% per year), and the cervical cancer, increased from 58.3% to 70.2% (1.08% per year). Despite some differences, particularly in relation to sociodemographic factors, screening rates increased significantly for all cancer types.
Conclusion
Cancer-screening rates in Korea increased consistently from 2004 to 2023, demonstrating the effectiveness of the national cancer-screening program. However, the increments in breast, cervical and lung cancer-screening rates were relatively lower, indicating the need for additional efforts and strategies.

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Original Articles

Gastrointestinal Cancer

Fasting Blood Glucose, Cholesterol, and Risk of Primary Liver Cancer: The Kailuan Study: Xiangming Ma, Haozhe Cui, Miaomiao Sun, Qian Liu, Xining Liu, Guangjian Li, Yaochen Wei, Qingjiang Fu, Siqing Liu, Liying Cao; Cancer Res Treat. 2021;53(4):1113-1122. Published online January 19, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2020.817

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Purpose
The influence of fasting blood glucose (FBG) and cholesterolemia primary liver cancer (PLC) in china was analyzed via a large prospective cohort study based on a community population, and the combined effects between them were investigated.
Materials and Methods
Overall, 98,936 staff from the Kailuan Group who participated in and finished physical examinations between 2006 and 2007 were included in the cohort study. Their medical information was collected and they were followed up after examination. The correlations of serum FBG or TC with PLC were analyzed. Then, we categorized all staff into four groups: normal FBG/ non-hypocholesterolemia, normal FBG/hypocholesterolemia, elevated FBG/non-hypocholesterolemia, elevated FBG/hypocholesterolemia and normal FBG/ non-hypocholesterolemia was used as a control group. The combined effects of elevated FBG and hypocholesterolemia with PLC were analyzed using the Age-scale Cox proportional hazard regression model.
Results
During 1,134,843.68 person*years follow up, a total of 388 PLC cases occured. We found the elevated FBG and hypocholesterolemia increases the risk for PLC, respectively. Compared with the non-hypocholesterolemia/normal FBG group, the risk of PLC was significantly increased in the non-hypocholesterolemia/elevated FBG group (HR=1.19,95%CI 0.88–1.62) and hypocholesterolemia/normal FBG group (HR=1.53,95%CI 1.19–1.97), and in the hypocholesterolemia/elevated FBG group (HR=3.16 95%CI2.13-4.69). And, a significant interaction effect was found of FBG and TC on PLC. All results were independent from the influence of liver disease.
Conclusion
Elevated serum FBG and hypocholesterolemia are risk factors for PLC, especially when combined. Thus, for the prevention and treatment of PLC, serum FBG and TC levels should be investigated.

Citations

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General

Trends in Cancer Screening Rates among Korean Men and Women: Results of the Korean National Cancer Screening Survey, 2004–2018: Seri Hong, Yun Yeong Lee, Jaeho Lee, Yeol Kim, Kui Son Choi, Jae Kwan Jun, Mina Suh; Cancer Res Treat. 2021;53(2):330-338. Published online October 20, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2020.263

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
The Korean National Cancer Screening Survey (KNCSS) is a nationwide annual cross-sectional survey conducted for the past 15 years. This study aimed to report trends in the overall screening rates of both organized and opportunistic cancer screening programs from 2004–2018.
Materials and Methods
KNCSS data were collected using a structured questionnaire. For five major cancers (i.e., stomach, liver, colorectal, breast, and cervical cancer), we evaluated both the lifetime screening rate and the screening rate with recommendations. The study population included men aged 40–74 years and women aged 20–74 years with no cancer histories.
Results
Screening rate with recommendations increased from 2004 annually by 4.4% and 1.5% until 2013 for stomach and liver cancers, respectively, by 4.0% until 2012 for breast cancer, and by 3.6% and 1.2% until 2014 for colorectal and cervical cancers, respectively, followed by nonsignificant trends thereafter. In 2018, screening rates with recommendations for these cancers were 72.8%, 26.2%, 63.1%, 58.4%, and 55.6%, respectively.
Conclusion
Screening rates for the five types of cancer demonstrated a marked increase between 2004 and 2018. However, many recent screening rates have been flattened with nonsignificant trends, and there are lower rates for cervical cancer screening among young age groups. Steady efforts are needed to achieve higher screening participation rates overall, especially for the cervical cancer screening of young women in their 20s.

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Preclinical Efficacy Testing for Stomach and Liver Cancers: Jun Won Park, Nam Suk Baek, Seok Cheol Lee, Su Jin Oh, Seok Hoon Jang, In Hoo Kim, Dae Yong Kim, Hark Kyun Kim; Cancer Res Treat. 2014;46(2):186-193. Published online April 15, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2014.46.2.186

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Purpose

Hollow fiber assays offer an early in vivo method of anticancer drug screening. The assays have been optimized for human cancers originating from the lung, breast, colon, ovary, and brain, but not from the stomach and liver. The current study focused on optimization of hollow fiber assays for gastric and hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines.

Materials and Methods

Gastric (SNU-16, SNU-484, SNU-668) and hepatocellular (HepG2, SK-Hep-1, Hep3B) carcinoma cell lines in hollow fibers were transplanted subcutaneously and intraperitoneally into mice, which were subsequently treated with a standard anticancer agent, paclitaxel. The hollow fiber activity of paclitaxel in each cell line was compared with the xenograft activity.

Results

Using optimized inoculation densities and schedules, treatment with paclitaxel was effective in gastric carcinoma cell lines, SNU-16 and SNU-484, but not in SNU-668. In the hollow fiber assays, paclitaxel was effective in hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines, HepG2 and SK-Hep-1, but not in Hep3B. Consistent with the results of the hollow fiber assay, SNU-16 and SNU-484, but not SNU-668, showed tumor regression, and HepG2 and SK-Hep-1, but not Hep3B, showed effective tumor responses following treatment with paclitaxel in xenograft models. When EW7197, a novel compound, and flavopiridol were tested in SNU-16 cells under optimized conditions, the hollow fiber activity showed good correlation with the xenograft activity of each compound.

Conclusion

Our protocols may be useful for screening candidate small molecules that may exhibit activity against stomach and liver cancers, both of which are common in Korea.

Citations

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Intrahepatic Recurrence after Transhepatic Arterial Chemoembolization in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Tae Yong Moon, Byung Soo Kim, Suck Hong Lee, Hak Jin Kim, Sung Yup Lim, Bong Sig Koo; J Korean Cancer Assoc. 1995;27(6):924-929.

Abstract PDF: Purpose
We have investigated the annual frequency of recurrent intrahepatic tumors and the doubling time of regrowing tumors after transhepatic arterial chemoembolization (TAE) to know the proper time for subsequent TAE. Materials and Methods: Among cases in which a previous TAE was performed, 28 cases showed definite intrahepatic recurrence and 7 cases showed a regrowing tumor in the follow-up liver CT scan and/or hepatic angiography. Resnlts: The annual frequency of intrahepatic recurrence in the 28 tumors was 71.4% (20/28) within one year and 100% within 6 years. The mean doubling time of 7 regrowing tumors was 68.3 days. Conclusion: We concluded that periodically repeated TAE is needed for further treatment of the recurrent and regrowing tumors.

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