Cancer Research and Treatment

Original Articles

Lung and Thoracic cancer

Analytical and Clinical Validation of a Highly Sensitive NGS-Based ctDNA Assay with Real-World Concordance in Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Hanbaek Yi, Jeonghwan Youk, Yoojoo Lim, Hanseong Roh, Dongsoo Kyung, Hwang-Phill Kim, Duhee Bang, Bhumsuk Keam, Tae-Min Kim, Miso Kim, Dong-Wan Kim, Tae-You Kim; Cancer Res Treat. 2024;56(3):765-773. Published online January 8, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2023.1294

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Purpose
There have been needs to improve the sensitivity of liquid biopsy. This report aims to report the analytical and clinical validation of a next-generation sequencing (NGS)–based circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) assay.
Materials and Methods
Analytical validation was conducted in vitro by evaluating the limit of detection (LOD), precision, and specificity for various genomic aberrations. The real-world performance in non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) was assessed by comparing the results of AlphaLiquid100 to the tissue-based results.
Results
The LODs with 30 ng input DNA were 0.11%, 0.11%, 0.06%, 0.21%, and 2.13 copies for detecting single nucleotide variants, insertions, deletions, fusions, and copy number alterations (CNA), respectively. Quantitatively, single nucleotide variants/insertions and deletions, fusions, and CNAs showed a good correlation (R²=0.91, 0.40, and 0.65; y=0.95, 1.06, and 1.19) to the manufacturer’s values, and per-base specificities for all types of variants were near 100%. In real-world NSCLC (n=122), key actionable mutations in NSCLC were detected in 60.7% (74/122) with the ctDNA assay. Comparative analysis against the NGS-based tissue results for all key mutations showed positive percent agreement (PPA) of 85.3%. For individual genes, the PPA was as high as 95.7% for epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations and 83.3% for ALK translocations. AlphaLiquid100 detected drug-sensitive EGFR mutation at a variant allele frequency as low as 0.02% and also identified an EGFR mutation in a case where tissue sample missed. Blood samples collected post-targeted therapies revealed additional acquired mutations.
Conclusion
The AlphaLiquid100 ctDNA assay demonstrates robust analytical validity, offering clinically important information for NSCLC patients.

Citations

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Next-generation sequencing impact on cancer care: applications, challenges, and future directions
Mariano Zalis, Gilson Gabriel Viana Veloso, Pedro Nazareth Aguiar Jr., Nathalia Gimenes, Marina Xavier Reis, Silvio Matsas, Carlos Gil Ferreira
Frontiers in Genetics.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Profiling Cell-Free DNA from Malignant Pleural Effusion for Oncogenic Driver Mutations in Patients with Treatment-Naive Stage IV Adenocarcinoma: A Multicenter Prospective Study
Shih-Chieh Chang, Yu-Feng Wei, Chung-Yu Chen, Yi-Chun Lai, Po-Wei Hu, Jui-Chi Hung, Cheng-Yu Chang
Molecular Diagnosis & Therapy.2024; 28(6): 803. CrossRef
Concordance of ctDNA and tissue genomic profiling in advanced biliary tract cancer
Sohyun Hwang, Seonjeong Woo, Beodeul Kang, Haeyoun Kang, Jung Sun Kim, Sung Hwan Lee, Chang Il Kwon, Dong Soo Kyung, Hwang-Phill Kim, Gwangil Kim, Chan Kim, Hong Jae Chon
Journal of Hepatology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef

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Hematologic malignancy

Circulating Tumor DNA Reflects Histologic and Clinical Characteristics of Various Lymphoma Subtypes: Jin Ju Kim, Hye Min Kim, Hongkyung Kim, Soo-Jeong Kim, Seung-Tae Lee, Jong Rak Choi, Saeam Shin, Doh Yu Hwang; Cancer Res Treat. 2024;56(1):314-323. Published online July 17, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2023.667

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Purpose
We designed and evaluated the clinical performance of a plasma circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) panel of 112 genes in various subtypes of lymphoma.
Materials and Methods
Targeted deep sequencing with an error-corrected algorithm was performed in ctDNA from plasma samples that were collected before treatment in 42 lymphoma patients. Blood buffy coat was utilized as a germline control. We evaluated the targeted gene panel using mutation detection concordance on the plasma samples with matched tissue samples analyzed the mutation profiles of the ctDNA.
Results
Next-generation sequencing analysis using matched tissue samples was available for 18 of the 42 patients. At least one mutation was detected in the majority of matched tissue biopsy samples (88.9%) and plasma samples (83.3%). A considerable number of mutations (40.4%) that were detected in the tissue samples were also found in the matched plasma samples. Majority of patients (21/42) were diffuse large B cell lymphoma patients. The overall detection rate of ctDNA in patients was 85.7% (36/42). The frequently mutated genes included PIM1, TET2, BCL2, KMT2D, KLHL6, HIST1H1E, and IRF8. A cutoff concentration (4,506 pg/mL) of ctDNA provided 88.9% sensitivity and 82.1% specificity to predict ctDNA mutation detection. The ctDNA concentration correlated with elevated lactate dehydrogenase level and the disease stage.
Conclusion
Our design panel can detect many actionable gene mutations, including those at low frequency. Therefore, liquid biopsy can be applied clinically in the evaluation of lymphoma patients, especially in aggressive lymphoma patients.

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Clinical applications of circulating tumor DNA in hematological malignancies: From past to the future
Jun-Ying Li, Li-Ping Zuo, Jian Xu, Chun-Yan Sun
Blood Reviews.2024; 68: 101237. CrossRef

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Gastrointestinal cancer

Circulating Tumor DNA Dynamics and Treatment Outcome of Regorafenib in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: Dae-Won Lee, Yoojoo Lim, Hwang-Phill Kim, Su Yeon Kim, Hanseong Roh, Jun-Kyu Kang, Kyung‑Hun Lee, Min Jung Kim, Seung-Bum Ryoo, Ji Won Park, Seung-Yong Jeong, Kyu Joo Park, Gyeong Hoon Kang, Sae-Won Han, Tae-You Kim; Cancer Res Treat. 2023;55(3):927-938. Published online March 7, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2023.268

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Purpose
Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) is emerging as a valuable non-invasive tool to identify tumor heterogeneity and tumor burden. This study investigated ctDNA dynamics in metastatic colorectal cancer patients treated with regorafenib.
Materials and Methods
In this prospective biomarker study, plasma cell-free DNA (cfDNA) samples obtained at baseline, at the first response evaluation after 2 cycles of treatment, and at the time of progressive disease were sequenced using a targeted next-generation sequencing platform which included 106 genes.
Results
A total of 285 blood samples from 110 patients were analyzed. Higher baseline cfDNA concentration was associated with worse progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). After 2 cycles of treatment, variant allele frequency (VAF) in the majority of ctDNA mutations decreased with a mean relative change of –31.6%. Decreases in the VAF of TP53, APC, TCF7L2, and ROS1 after 2 cycles of regorafenib were associated with longer PFS. We used the sum of VAF at each time point as a surrogate for the overall ctDNA burden. A reduction in sum (VAF) of ≥ 50% after 2 cycles was associated with longer PFS (6.1 vs. 2.7 months, p=0.002), OS (11.3 vs. 5.9 months, p=0.001), and higher disease control rate (86.3% vs. 51.1%, p < 0.001). VAF of the majority of the ctDNA mutations increased at the time of disease progression, and VAF of BRAF increased markedly.
Conclusion
Reduction in ctDNA burden as estimated by sum (VAF) could be used to predict treatment outcome of regorafenib.

Citations

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Adjuvant therapy for stage IIB + IIC melanoma
Parisa Malekzadeh, Mary S. Brady
Journal of Surgical Oncology.2024; 129(1): 91. CrossRef
Variant allele frequency in circulating tumor DNA correlated with tumor disease burden and predicted outcomes in patients with advanced breast cancer
Jianxin Zhong, Hanfang Jiang, Xiaoran Liu, Hao Liao, Feng Xie, Bin Shao, Shidong Jia, Huiping Li
Breast Cancer Research and Treatment.2024; 204(3): 617. CrossRef
Stage-Specific Plasma Metabolomic Profiles in Colorectal Cancer
Tetsuo Ishizaki, Masahiro Sugimoto, Yu Kuboyama, Junichi Mazaki, Kenta Kasahara, Tomoya Tago, Ryutaro Udo, Kenichi Iwasaki, Yutaka Hayashi, Yuichi Nagakawa
Journal of Clinical Medicine.2024; 13(17): 5202. CrossRef
Nivolumab plus anlotinib hydrochloride in advanced gastric adenocarcinoma and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: the phase II OASIS trial
Jing Wu, Shilong Zhang, Shan Yu, Guo An, Yi Wang, Yiyi Yu, Li Liang, Yan Wang, Xiaojing Xu, YanShi Xiong, Di Shao, Zhun Shi, Nannan Li, Jingyuan Wang, Dawei Jin, Tianshu Liu, Yuehong Cui
Nature Communications.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Mutational evolution after chemotherapy‐progression in metastatic colorectal cancer revealed by circulating tumor DNA analysis
Sheehyun Kim, Yongjun Cha, Yoojoo Lim, Hanseong Roh, Jun‐Kyu Kang, Kyung‐Hun Lee, Min Jung Kim, Ji Won Park, Seung‐Bum Ryoo, Hwang‐Phill Kim, Seung‐Yong Jeong, Kyu Joo Park, Sae‐Won Han, Tae‐You Kim
International Journal of Cancer.2023; 153(3): 571. CrossRef
A Phase II Exploratory Study to Identify Biomarkers Predictive of Clinical Response to Regorafenib in Patients with Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Who Have Failed First-Line Therapy
Karen Gambaro, Maud Marques, Suzan McNamara, Mathilde Couetoux du Tertre, Cyrla Hoffert, Archana Srivastava, Anna Schab, Thierry Alcindor, Adrian Langleben, Lucas Sideris, Mahmoud Abdelsalam, Mustapha Tehfe, Felix Couture, Gerald Batist, Petr Kavan
International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2023; 25(1): 43. CrossRef

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Case Report

Efficacy of Olaparib in Treatment-Refractory, Metastatic Breast Cancer with Uncommon Somatic BRCA Mutations Detected in Circulating Tumor DNA: Jung-Ki Yoon, Jongseong Ahn, Sheehyun Kim, Hwang-Phil Kim, Jun-kyu Kang, Duhee Bang, Yoojoo Lim, Tae-You Kim; Cancer Res Treat. 2023;55(3):1048-1052. Published online January 31, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2022.1529

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Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors have been shown dramatic responses in patients with BRCAness. However, clinical studies have been limited to breast cancer patients with germline mutations. Here, we describe a patient with metastatic breast cancer who had a rare BRCA1 somatic mutation (BRCA1 c.4336G>T (p.E1446*)) detected by cell-free DNA analysis after failing standard therapies. This tier III variant of unknown significance was predicted to be a pathogenic variant in our assessment, leading us to consider off-label treatment with olaparib. The patient responded well to olaparib for several months, with a decrease in allele frequency of this BRCA1 somatic mutation in cell-free DNA. Olaparib resistance subsequently developed with an increase in the allele frequency and new BRCA1 reversion mutations. To our knowledge, this is the first report confirming BRCA1 c.4336G>T (p.E1446*) as a mutation sensitive to olaparib in breast cancer and describing the dynamic changes in the associated mutations using liquid biopsy.

Citations

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Circulating tumor DNA validity and potential uses in metastatic breast cancer
Ottavia Amato, Nefeli Giannopoulou, Michail Ignatiadis
npj Breast Cancer.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
DNA damage targeted therapy for advanced breast cancer
Vanessa Patel, Sandra Casimiro, Catarina Abreu, Tiago Barroso, Rita Teixeira de Sousa, Sofia Torres, Leonor Abreu Ribeiro, Gonçalo Nogueira-Costa, Helena Luna Pais, Conceição Pinto, Leila Costa, Luís Costa
Exploration of Targeted Anti-tumor Therapy.2024; 5(3): 678. CrossRef
Practical Utility of Liquid Biopsies for Evaluating Genomic Alterations in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer
Seung-Hwan Jeong, Dongsoo Kyung, Hyeong Dong Yuk, Chang Wook Jeong, Wookjae Lee, Jung-Ki Yoon, Hwang-Phill Kim, Duhee Bang, Tae-You Kim, Yoojoo Lim, Cheol Kwak
Cancers.2023; 15(10): 2847. CrossRef

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Original Articles

Hematologic malignancy

Circulating Tumor DNA–Based Genotyping and Monitoring for Predicting Disease Relapses of Patients with Peripheral T-Cell Lymphomas: Seok Jin Kim, Yeon Jeong Kim, Sang Eun Yoon, Kyung Ju Ryu, Bon Park, Donghyun Park, Duck Cho, Hyun-Young Kim, Junhun Cho, Young Hyeh Ko, Woong-Yang Park, Won Seog Kim; Cancer Res Treat. 2023;55(1):291-303. Published online March 2, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2022.017

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
Plasma circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) could reflect the genetic alterations present in tumor tissues. However, there is little information about the clinical relevance of cell-free DNA genotyping in peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL).
Materials and Methods
After targeted sequencing plasma cell-free DNA of patients with various subtypes of PTCL (n=94), we analyzed the mutation profiles of plasma ctDNA samples and their predictive value of dynamic ctDNA monitoring for treatment outcomes.
Results
Plasma ctDNA mutations were detected in 53 patients (56%, 53/94), and the detection rate of somatic mutations was highest in angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (24/31, 77%) and PTCL, not otherwise specified (18/29, 62.1%). Somatic mutations were detected in 51 of 66 genes that were sequenced, including the following top 10 ranked genes: RHOA, CREBBP, KMT2D, TP53, IDH2, ALK, MEF2B, SOCS1, CARD11, and KRAS. In the longitudinal assessment of ctDNA mutation, the difference in ctDNA mutation volume after treatment showed a significant correlation with disease relapse or progression. Thus, a ≥ 1.5-log decrease in genome equivalent (GE) between baseline and the end of treatment showed a significant association with better survival outcomes than a < 1.5-log decrease in GE.
Conclusion
Our results suggest the clinical relevance of plasma ctDNA analysis in patients with PTCL. However, our findings should be validated by a subsequent study with a larger study population and using a broader gene panel.

Citations

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Feasibility of Circulating Tumor DNA Detection in the Cerebrospinal Fluid of Patients With Central Nervous System Involvement in Large B-Cell Lymphoma
Seok Jin Kim, Jin Ju Kim, Mi Ri Park, Bon Park, Kyung Ju Ryu, Sang Eun Yoon, Won Seog Kim, Saeam Shin, Seung-Tae Lee
Annals of Laboratory Medicine.2025; 45(1): 90. CrossRef
Liquid biopsy in T-cell lymphoma: biomarker detection techniques and clinical application
Zongyao Huang, Yao Fu, Hong Yang, Yehan Zhou, Min Shi, Qingyun Li, Weiping Liu, Junheng Liang, Liuqing Zhu, Sheng Qin, Huangming Hong, Yang Liu
Molecular Cancer.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Feasibility of Circulating Tumor DNA Analysis in Patients with Follicular Lymphoma
Sang Eun Yoon, Seung-Ho Shin, Dae Keun Nam, Junhun Cho, Won Seog Kim, Seok Jin Kim
Cancer Research and Treatment.2024; 56(3): 920. CrossRef
Minimal residual disease detection in lymphoma: methods, procedures and clinical significance
Sijun Zhang, Xiangyu Wang, Zhenzhen Yang, Mengjie Ding, Mingzhi Zhang, Ken H. Young, Xudong Zhang
Frontiers in Immunology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Clinical applications of circulating tumor DNA in hematological malignancies: From past to the future
Jun-Ying Li, Li-Ping Zuo, Jian Xu, Chun-Yan Sun
Blood Reviews.2024; 68: 101237. CrossRef
Clinical use of circulating tumor DNA analysis in patients with lymphoma
Bettina Bisig, Karine Lefort, Sylvain Carras, Laurence de Leval
Human Pathology.2024; : 105679. CrossRef
A practical approach to the modern diagnosis and classification of T- and NK-cell lymphomas
Laurence de Leval, Philippe Gaulard, Ahmet Dogan
Blood.2024; 144(18): 1855. CrossRef
In-depth circulating tumor DNA sequencing for prognostication and monitoring in natural killer/T-cell lymphomas
Jin Ju Kim, Hyun-Young Kim, Zisun Choi, So yoon Hwang, Hansol Jeong, Jong Rak Choi, Sang Eun Yoon, Won Seog Kim, Sun-Hee Kim, Hee-Jin Kim, Sang-Yong Shin, Seung-Tae Lee, Seok Jin Kim
Frontiers in Oncology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Circulating tumor DNA in NK/T and peripheral T cell lymphoma
Yu-Jia Huo, Wei-Li Zhao
Seminars in Hematology.2023; 60(3): 173. CrossRef
A genetic profiling guideline to support diagnosis and clinical management of lymphomas
Margarita Sánchez-Beato, Miriam Méndez, María Guirado, Lucía Pedrosa, Silvia Sequero, Natalia Yanguas-Casás, Luis de la Cruz-Merino, Laura Gálvez, Marta Llanos, Juan Fernando García, Mariano Provencio
Clinical and Translational Oncology.2023; 26(5): 1043. CrossRef

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General

Targeted Liquid Biopsy Using Irradiation to Facilitate the Release of Cell-Free DNA from a Spatially Aimed Tumor Tissue: Jae Myoung Noh, Yeon Jeong Kim, Ho Yun Lee, Changhoon Choi, Won-Gyun Ahn, Taeseob Lee, Hongryull Pyo, Jee Hyun Park, Donghyun Park, Woong-Yang Park; Cancer Res Treat. 2022;54(1):40-53. Published online May 25, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2021.151

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
We investigated the feasibility of using an anatomically localized, target-enriched liquid biopsy (TLB) in mouse models of lung cancer.
Materials and Methods
After irradiating xenograft mouse with human lung cancer cell lines, H1299 (NRAS proto-oncogene, GTPase [NRAS] Q61K) and HCC827 (epidermal growth factor receptor [EGFR] E746-750del), circulating (cell-free) tumor DNA (ctDNA) levels were monitored with quantitative polymerase chain reaction on human long interspersed nuclear element-1 and cell line-specific mutations. We checked dose-dependency at 6, 12, or 18 Gy to each tumor-bearing mouse leg using 6-MV photon beams. We also analyzed ctDNA of lung cancer patients by LiquidSCAN, a targeted deep sequencing to validated the clinical performances of TLB method.
Results
Irradiation could enhance the detection sensitivity of NRAS Q61K in the plasma sample of H1299-xenograft mouse to 4.5- fold. While cell-free DNA (cfDNA) level was not changed at 6 Gy, ctDNA level was increased upon irradiation. Using double-xenograft mouse with H1299 and HCC827, ctDNA polymerase chain reaction analysis with local irradiation in each region could specify mutation type matched to transplanted cell types, proposing an anatomically localized, TLB. Furthermore, when we performed targeted deep sequencing of cfDNA to monitor ctDNA level in 11 patients with lung cancer who underwent radiotherapy, the average ctDNA level was increased within a week after the start of radiotherapy.
Conclusion
TLB using irradiation could temporarily amplify ctDNA release in xenograft mouse and lung cancer patients, which enables us to develop theragnostic method for cancer patients with accurate ctDNA detection.

Citations

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Surpassing sensitivity limits in liquid biopsy
Tina Moser, Ellen Heitzer
Science.2024; 383(6680): 260. CrossRef
Priming agents transiently reduce the clearance of cell-free DNA to improve liquid biopsies
Carmen Martin-Alonso, Shervin Tabrizi, Kan Xiong, Timothy Blewett, Sainetra Sridhar, Andjela Crnjac, Sahil Patel, Zhenyi An, Ahmet Bekdemir, Douglas Shea, Shih-Ting Wang, Sergio Rodriguez-Aponte, Christopher A. Naranjo, Justin Rhoades, Jesse D. Kirkpatric
Science.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Treatment Response Biomarkers: Working Toward Personalized Radiotherapy for Lung Cancer
Ashley Horne, Ken Harada, Katherine D. Brown, Kevin Lee Min Chua, Fiona McDonald, Gareth Price, Paul Martin Putora, Dominic G. Rothwell, Corinne Faivre-Finn
Journal of Thoracic Oncology.2024; 19(8): 1164. CrossRef
Basic Science with Preclinical Models to Investigate and Develop Liquid Biopsy: What Are the Available Data and Is It a Fruitful Approach?
Benedetta Cena, Emmanuel Melloul, Nicolas Demartines, Olivier Dormond, Ismail Labgaa
International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2022; 23(10): 5343. CrossRef
Analytical and Clinical Validation of Cell-Free Circulating Tumor DNA Assay for the Estimation of Tumor Mutational Burden
Kwang Seob Lee, Jieun Seo, Choong-Kun Lee, Saeam Shin, Zisun Choi, Seungki Min, Jun Hyuek Yang, Woo Sun Kwon, Woobin Yun, Mi Ri Park, Jong Rak Choi, Hyun Cheol Chung, Seung-Tae Lee, Sun Young Rha
Clinical Chemistry.2022; 68(12): 1519. CrossRef

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Gastrointestinal cancer

Prognostic Value of Serum Soluble Programmed Death-Ligand 1 and Dynamics During Chemotherapy in Advanced Gastric Cancer Patients: Woochan Park, Ju-Hee Bang, Ah-Rong Nam, Mei Hua Jin, Hyerim Seo, Jae-Min Kim, Kyoung Seok Oh, Tae-Yong Kim, Do-Youn Oh; Cancer Res Treat. 2021;53(1):199-206. Published online October 6, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2020.497

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
The soluble form programmed death-ligand 1 (sPDL1) has immunosuppressive properties and is being studied as a candidate biomarker for immuno-oncology drug development. We measured the serum sPDL1 at pre-and post-chemotherapy and evaluated its prognostic implication and dynamics during chemotherapy in advanced gastric cancer (GC).
Materials and Methods
We prospectively enrolled 68 GC patients who were candidates for palliative standard first-line chemotherapy, and serially collected blood at baseline and after one cycle of chemotherapy, at the best response and after disease progression. sPDL1 was measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Response to chemotherapy, overall survival (OS), progressionfree survival (PFS) and other prognostic factors including neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) were obtained. The cut-off value of sPDL1 levels for survival analysis was found using C-statistics.
Results
The median baseline sPDL1 was 0.8 ng/mL (range, 0.06 to 6.06 ng/mL). The median OS and PFS were 14.9 months and 8.0 months, respectively. sPDL1 and NLR showed a weak positive correlation (Spearman’s rho=0.301, p=0.013). Patients with low levels of sPDL1 at diagnosis (< 1.92 ng/mL) showed a better OS and PFS than patients with a high sPDL1. The baseline sPDL1 before treatment was higher in the progressive disease group than in the stable disease and partial response groups. Patients whose sPDL1 increased after the first cycle of chemotherapy showed worse PFS and OS. Following disease progression, sPDL1 increased compared with the baseline.
Conclusion
sPDL1 at prechemotherapy confers a prognostic value for PFS and OS in GC patients under palliative first-line chemotherapy. Dynamics of sPDL1 during chemotherapy correlates with disease progression.

Citations

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Ruhui Hu, Suyun Zhong, Hezhen Liu, Yawen Liu, Hongxia Chen, Xiaojun Hu
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Prognostic significance of soluble PD-L1 in prostate cancer
Margarita Zvirble, Zilvinas Survila, Paulius Bosas, Neringa Dobrovolskiene, Agata Mlynska, Gintaras Zaleskis, Jurgita Jursenaite, Dainius Characiejus, Vita Pasukoniene
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Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer.2024; 12(11): e010174. CrossRef
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Xiao-Peng Duan, Ke Liu, Xiao-Dong Jiao, Bao-Dong Qin, Bing Li, Xi He, Yan Ling, Ying Wu, Shi-Qi Chen, Yuan-Sheng Zang
Frontiers in Oncology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
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Jian Ruan, Zhihong Zhao, Yuting Qian, Ruilian Xu, Guixiang Liao, Feng-Ming (Spring) Kong
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Magdolna Dank, Dorottya Mühl, Magdolna Herold, Lilla Hornyák, Attila Marcell Szasz, Zoltan Herold
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