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Special Articles
Cancer Statistics in Korea: Incidence, Mortality, Survival, and Prevalence in 2022
Eun Hye Park, Kyu-Won Jung, Nam Ju Park, Mee Joo Kang, E Hwa Yun, Hye-Jin Kim, Jeong-Eun Kim, Hyun-Joo Kong, Kui Son Choi, Han-Kwang Yang, The Community of Population-Based Regional Cancer Registries
Received March 7, 2025  Accepted March 10, 2025  Published online March 11, 2025  
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2025.264    [Accepted]
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose
The current study provides national cancer statistics and their secular trends in Korea, including incidence, mortality, survival, and prevalence in 2022, with international comparisons.
Materials and Methods
Cancer incidence, survival, and prevalence rates were calculated using the Korea National Cancer Incidence Database (1999-2022), with survival follow-up until December 31, 2023. Mortality data obtained from Statistics Korea, while international comparisons were based on GLOBOCAN data.
Results
In 2022, 282,047 newly diagnosed cancer cases (ASR, 287.0 per 100,000) and 83,378 deaths from cancer (ASR, 65.7 per 100,000) were reported. The proportion of localized-stage cancers increased from 45.6% in 2005 to 50.9% in 2022. Stomach, colorectal, and breast cancer showed increased localized-stage diagnoses by 18.1, 18.5, and 9.9 percentage points, respectively. Compared to 2001–2005, the 5-year relative survival (2018–2022) increased by 20.4 percentage points for stomach cancer, 7.6 for colorectal cancer, and 5.6 for breast cancer. Korea had the lowest cancer mortality among countries with similar incidence rates and the lowest mortality-to-incidence (M/I) ratios for these cancers. The 5-year relative survival (2018–2022) was 72.9%, contributing to over 2.59 million prevalent cases in 2022.
Conclusion
Since the launch of the National Cancer Screening Program in 2002, early detection has improved, increasing the diagnosis of localized-stage cancers and survival rates. Korea recorded the lowest M/I ratio among major comparison countries, demonstrating the effectiveness of its National Cancer Control Program.
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Prediction of Cancer Incidence and Mortality in Korea, 2025
Kyu-Won Jung, Mee Joo Kang, Eun Hye Park, E Hwa Yun, Hye-Jin Kim, Jeong-Eun Kim, Hyun-Joo Kong, Kui Son Choi, Han-Kwang Yang
Received March 6, 2025  Accepted March 10, 2025  Published online March 11, 2025  
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2025.263    [Accepted]
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose
This study aimed to project cancer incidence and mortality for 2025 to estimate Korea’s current cancer burden.
Materials and Methods
Cancer incidence data from 1999 to 2022 were obtained from the Korea National Cancer Incidence Database, while cancer mortality data from 1993 to 2023 were acquired from Statistics Korea. Cancer incidence and mortality were projected by fitting a linear regression model to observed age-specific cancer rates against their respective years and then by multiplying the projected age-specific rates by the anticipated age-specific population for 2025. A joinpoint regression model was applied to identify significant changes in trends, using only the most recent trend data for predictions.
Results
A total of 304,754 new cancer cases and 84,019 cancer deaths are expected in Korea in 2025. The most commonly diagnosed cancer is projected to be thyroid cancer, followed by the colorectal, lung, breast, prostate and stomach cancers. These six cancers are expected to account for 63.8% of the total cancer burden. Lung cancer is expected to be the leading cause of cancer-related deaths, followed by liver, colorectal, pancreatic, stomach, and gallbladder cancers, together comprising 66.6% of total cancer deaths.
Conclusion
The increasing incidence of female breast cancer and the rise in prostate and pancreatic cancers are expected to continue. As aging accelerates, cancer commonly found in older adults are projected to rise significantly.
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Original Articles
Real-World Effectiveness and Safety of Intravenous Daratumumab in Patients with Multiple Myeloma: A Multicenter, Observational Study from Korea
Youngil Koh, Sung-Soo Yoon, Kihyun Kim, Je-Jung Lee, Sung-Hoon Jung, Sang Eun Yoon, Sung-Soo Park, YoungJu Park, Soomin Yoon, Chang-Ki Min
Received August 14, 2024  Accepted December 22, 2024  Published online December 24, 2024  
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2024.781    [Accepted]
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose
Daratumumab is a novel, first-in-class monoclonal antibody approved for use as monotherapy and in combination with other treatments for patients with multiple myeloma (MM). The aim of this observational study was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of daratumumab in real-world clinical practice.
Materials and Methods
This observational multicenter study collected data from patients with MM treated in Korea between June 1, 2018, and February 28, 2022.
Results
125 patients with a diagnosis of MM were included and followed until discontinuation or completion of 52 weeks’ follow-up. The median age was 67 years, and 97.6% of patients received more than three prior LOTs. The overall response rate was 52.5% (95% confidence interval [CI], 43.2 to 61.8), and a very good partial response was observed in 19.5% of patients (95% CI, 12.8 to 27.8). Of the patients who achieved a partial or higher response (52.5%), the median time to first response was 2.4 months (95% CI, 1.8 to 3.4), and the median time from start of daratumumab treatment until progressive disease was 4.1 months (95% CI, 2.9 to 5.1). Fever (24.0%) was the most frequently recorded adverse event (AE), while anemia (8.8%) and neutropenia (8.0%) were the most frequently observed grade 3-4 AEs. Overall, no unexpected safety signals were observed.
Conclusion
In a rapidly evolving treatment landscape, this analysis provides insight into the real-world outcomes for patients with MM receiving daratumumab in Korea and reveals that real-world outcomes were improved over results demonstrated in a clinical trial setting.
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Psychometric Validation of Sheffield Profile for Assessment and Referral to Care (SPARC) in Korean Cancer Patients
Hong Jun Kim, Eun Hee Jung, Jung Hye Kwon, Yu Jung Kim, Su-Jin Koh, Myung Ah Lee, Jung Hun Kang, Sun Young Rha, Eun Mi Nam, Sun Kyung Baek, Ha Yeon Lee, Hun Ho Song, Young-Woong Won, Hanbyul Lee
Received July 26, 2024  Accepted December 4, 2024  Published online December 5, 2024  
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2024.706    [Accepted]
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose
Identifying the palliative care needs of patients with advanced cancer is important for maintaining quality of life and timely transition to palliative care. We aimed to validate the Korean Sheffield Profile for Assessment and Referral for Care (K-SPARC) in such patients and establish its psychometric properties, including reliability, validity, and responsiveness to change.
Materials and Methods
We used the forward-back translated version of SPARC, which was verified through a pilot study, to assess the palliative care needs of patients with advanced cancer. Reliability was evaluated by internal consistency using Cronbach's alpha coefficients and test-retest reliability. Criterion validity was analyzed against other questionnaires, including the Korean versions of the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General (FACT-G Korean) and Korean versions of the Edmonton Symptom Assessment System (K-ESAS). Factor analysis was used to assess construct validity.
Results
Two hundred fifty-nine patients were included from 2019 to 2022. Forty-nine percent of all patients were women, and the median age was 63 years. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient (range, 0.642–0.903) and test-retest reliability (range, 0.574–0.749) indicated acceptable reliability. The correlation coefficients between K-SPARC and FACT-G Korean suggested significant criterion validity. The correlation coefficients for the physical, social, emotional, and functional domains were 0.701, 0.249, 0.718, and 0.511, respectively (p-value <0.001, all). Factor analysis demonstrated satisfactory construct validity of the tool.
Conclusion
This study demonstrated the utility of K-SPARC as an evaluation tool for providing palliative care to patients with advanced cancer through psychometric validation; the tool had good internal consistency, reliability, and acceptable validity.
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General
The Survival and Financial Benefit of Investigator-Initiated Trials Conducted by Korean Cancer Study Group
Bum Jun Kim, Chi Hoon Maeng, Bhumsuk Keam, Young-Hyuck Im, Jungsil Ro, Kyung Hae Jung, Seock-Ah Im, Tae Won Kim, Jae Lyun Lee, Dae Seog Heo, Sang-We Kim, Keunchil Park, Myung-Ju Ahn, Byoung Chul Cho, Hoon-Kyo Kim, Yoon-Koo Kang, Jae Yong Cho, Hwan Jung Yun, Byung-Ho Nam, Dae Young Zang
Cancer Res Treat. 2025;57(1):39-46.   Published online July 10, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2024.421
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Purpose
The Korean Cancer Study Group (KCSG) is a nationwide cancer clinical trial group dedicated to advancing investigator-initiated trials (IITs) by conducting and supporting clinical trials. This study aims to review IITs conducted by KCSG and quantitatively evaluate the survival and financial benefits of IITs for patients.
Materials and Methods
We reviewed IITs conducted by KCSG from 1998 to 2023, analyzing progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) gains for participants. PFS and OS benefits were calculated as the difference in median survival times between the intervention and control groups, multiplied by the number of patients in the intervention group. Financial benefits were assessed based on the cost of investigational products provided.
Results
From 1998 to 2023, KCSG conducted 310 IITs, with 133 completed and published. Of these, 21 were included in the survival analysis. The analysis revealed that 1,951 patients in the intervention groups gained a total of 2,558.4 months (213.2 years) of PFS and 2,501.6 months (208.5 years) of OS, with median gains of 1.31 months in PFS and 1.58 months in OS per patient. When analyzing only statistically significant results, PFS and OS gain per patients was 1.69 months and 3.02 months, respectively. Investigational drug cost analysis from six available IITs indicated that investigational products provided to 252 patients were valued at 10,400,077,294 won (approximately 8,046,481 US dollars), averaging about 41,270,148 won (approximately 31,930 US dollars) per patient.
Conclusion
Our findings, based on analysis of published research, suggest that IITs conducted by KCSG led to survival benefits for participants and, in some studies, may have provided financial benefits by providing investment drugs.
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Special Articles
Data Resource Profile: The Cancer Public Library Database in South Korea
Dong-Woo Choi, Min Yeong Guk, Hye Ri Kim, Kwang Sun Ryu, Hyun-Joo Kong, Hyo Soung Cha, Hyun-Jin Kim, Heejung Chae, Young Sang Jeon, Hwanhee Kim, Jipmin Jung, Jeong-Soo Im, Kui Son Choi
Cancer Res Treat. 2024;56(4):1014-1026.   Published online April 30, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2024.207
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReaderePub
This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the Cancer Public Library Database (CPLD), established under the Korean Clinical Data Utilization for Research Excellence project (K-CURE). The CPLD links data from four major population-based public sources: the Korea National Cancer Incidence Database in the Korea Central Cancer Registry, cause-of-death data in Statistics Korea, the National Health Information Database in the National Health Insurance Service, and the National Health Insurance Research Database in the Health Insurance Review & Assessment Service. These databases are linked using an encrypted resident registration number. The CPLD, established in 2022 and updated annually, comprises 1,983,499 men and women newly diagnosed with cancer between 2012 and 2019. It contains data on cancer registration and death, demographics, medical claims, general health checkups, and national cancer screening. The most common cancers among men in the CPLD were stomach (16.1%), lung (14.0%), colorectal (13.3%), prostate (9.6%), and liver (9.3%) cancers. The most common cancers among women were thyroid (20.4%), breast (16.6%), colorectal (9.0%), stomach (7.8%), and lung (6.2%) cancers. Among them, 571,285 died between 2012 and 2020 owing to cancer (89.2%) or other causes (10.8%). Upon approval, the CPLD is accessible to researchers through the K-CURE portal. The CPLD is a unique resource for diverse cancer research to investigate medical use before a cancer diagnosis, during initial diagnosis and treatment, and long-term follow-up. This offers expanded insight into healthcare delivery across the cancer continuum, from screening to end-of-life care.

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Cancer Statistics in Korea: Incidence, Mortality, Survival, and Prevalence in 2021
Eun Hye Park, Kyu-Won Jung, Nam Ju Park, Mee Joo Kang, E Hwa Yun, Hye-Jin Kim, Jeong-Eun Kim, Hyun-Joo Kong, Jeong-Soo Im, Hong Gwan Seo, The Community of Population-Based Regional Cancer Registries
Cancer Res Treat. 2024;56(2):357-371.   Published online March 13, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2024.253
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReaderePub
Purpose
The current study provides national cancer statistics and their secular trends in Korea, including incidence, mortality, survival, and prevalence in 2021.
Materials and Methods
Incidence, survival, and prevalence rates of cancer were calculated using the Korea National Cancer Incidence Database, from 1999 to 2021, with survival follow-up until December 31, 2022. Deaths from cancer were assessed using causes-of-death data obtained from Statistics Korea.
Results
The number of new cancer diagnoses in 2021 increased by 27,002 cases (10.8%) compared to 2020. In 2021, newly diagnosed cancer cases and deaths from cancer were reported as 277,523 (age-standardized rate [ASR], 289.3 per 100,000) and 82,688 (ASR, 67.6 per 100,000), respectively. The overall cancer incidence rates increased by 3.3% annually from 1999 to 2012, and decreased by 5.3% from 2012 to 2015, thereafter, followed by non-significant changes. Cancer mortality rates have been decreasing since 2002, with more rapid decline in recent years (annual decrease of 2.8% from 2002 to 2013; 3.2% from 2013 to 2021). The 5-year relative survival between 2017 and 2021 was 72.1%, which contributed to prevalent cases reaching over 2.4 million in 2021.
Conclusion
In 2021, the number of newly diagnosed cancer patients increased as healthcare utilization recovered from the coronavirus disease 2019–related declines of 2020. Revised cancer registration guidelines expanded the registration scope, particularly for stomach and colorectal cancer. Survival rates have improved over the years, leading to a growing population of cancer survivors, necessitating a comprehensive cancer control strategy. The long-term impact of the pandemic on cancer statistics requires future investigation.

Citations

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  • 514 Download
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Prediction of Cancer Incidence and Mortality in Korea, 2024
Kyu-Won Jung, Mee Joo Kang, Eun Hye Park, E Hwa Yun, Hye-Jin Kim, Jeong-Eun Kim, Hyun-Joo Kong, Jeong-Soo Im, Hong Gwan Seo
Cancer Res Treat. 2024;56(2):372-379.   Published online March 11, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2024.252
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Purpose
This study aimed to report the projected cancer incidence and mortality for the year 2024 to estimate Korea’s current cancer burden.
Materials and Methods
Cancer incidence data from 1999 to 2021 were obtained from the Korea National Cancer Incidence Database, and cancer mortality data from 1993 to 2022 were acquired from Statistics Korea. Cancer incidence and mortality were projected by fitting a linear regression model to observed age-specific cancer rates against their respective years and multiplying the projected age-specific rates by the anticipated age-specific population for 2024. A joinpoint regression model was used to determine the year in which the linear trend changed significantly; we only used the data of the latest trend for prediction.
Results
In total, 292,221 new cancer cases and 83,770 cancer deaths are expected to occur in Korea in 2024. The most common cancer site is expected to be the thyroid, followed by the colon and rectum, lung, breast, and stomach. These five cancers are expected to represent 55.7% of the overall burden of cancer in Korea. The most common type of cancer leading to death is expected to be lung cancer, followed by liver, colorectal, pancreatic, and stomach cancers.
Conclusion
The age-standardized incidence rates for female breast and prostate cancers are estimated to continue to increase. These up-to-date estimates of the cancer burden in Korea could be an important resource for planning and evaluating cancer-control programs.

Citations

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    Yong-Hyub Kim, Jae-Uk Jeong, Jung-Ho Yang, Taek-Keun Nam, Ju-Young Song, Mee Sun Yoon, Shinhaeng Cho, Sung-Ja Ahn
    Radiotherapy and Oncology.2025; 205: 110763.     CrossRef
  • Association Between Prostate Cancer Detection Rate and Year of Prostate Biopsy
    Young Jun Uhm, Woojin Bang, Jae Hoon Chung, Cheol Young Oh, Hwanik Kim, Jin Seon Cho
    Life.2025; 15(2): 260.     CrossRef
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    Eun Kyung Lee, Young Joo Park
    Clinical Thyroidology®.2024; 36(4): 153.     CrossRef
  • The Role of Local Prostate and Metastasis-Directed Radiotherapy in the Treatment of Oligometastatic Prostate Cancer
    Seo Hee Choi, Seung-Hoon Beom, Young Deuk Choi, Won Sik Ham, Hyunho Han, Woong Kyu Han, Won Sik Jang, Seung Hwan Lee, Jaeho Cho
    Cancers.2024; 16(18): 3159.     CrossRef
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    Jianni Cong, Jiahuang Chi, Junli Zeng, Yilan Lin
    Risk Management and Healthcare Policy.2024; Volume 17: 2375.     CrossRef
  • The Impact of the Dietary Inflammatory Index, Fasting Blood Glucose, and Smoking Status on the Incidence and Survival of Pancreatic Cancer: A Retrospective Case–Control Study and a Prospective Study
    Ga Hyun Lee, Yeon Hee Kim, Sang Myung Woo, Woo Jin Lee, Sung-Sik Han, Sang-Jae Park, Sherry Price, Penias Tembo, James R. Hébert, Mi Kyung Kim
    Nutrients.2024; 16(22): 3941.     CrossRef
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Original Article
General
Health Inequities in Cancer Incidence According to Economic Status and Regions Are Still Existed Even under Universal Health Coverage System in Korea: A Nationwide Population Based Study Using the National Health Insurance Database
Youngs Chang, Soo-Hee Hwang, Sang-A Cho, Hyejin Lee, Eunbyul Cho, Jin Yong Lee
Cancer Res Treat. 2024;56(2):380-403.   Published online December 6, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2023.650
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReaderePub
Purpose
The purpose of this study is to determine the level of health equity in relation to cancer incidence.
Materials and Methods
We used the National Health Insurance claims data of the National Health Insurance Service between 2005 and 2022 and annual health insurance and medical aid beneficiaries between 2011 and 2021 to investigate the disparities of cancer incidence. We calculated age-sex standardized cancer incidence rates by cancer and year according to the type of insurance and the trend over time using the annual percentage change. We also compared the hospital type of the first diagnosis by cancer type and year and cancer incidence rates by cancer type and region in 2021 according to the type of insurance.
Results
The total cancer incidence increased from 255,971 in 2011 to 325,772 cases in 2021. The absolute difference of total cancer incidence rate between the NHI beneficiaries and the medical aid (MA) recipients increased from 510.1 cases per 100,000 population to 536.9 cases per 100,000 population. The odds ratio of total cancer incidence for the MA recipients increased from 1.79 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.77 to 1.82) to 1.90 (95% CI, 1.88 to 1.93). Disparities in access to hospitals and regional cancer incidence were profound.
Conclusion
This study examined health inequities in relation to cancer incidence over the last decade. Cancer incidence was higher in the MA recipients, and the gap was widening. We also found that regional differences in cancer incidence still exist and are getting worse. Investigating these disparities between the NHI beneficiaries and the MA recipients is crucial for implementing of public health policies to reduce health inequities.

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  • National Expenditures on Anticancer and Immunomodulating Agents During 2013–2022 in Korea
    Jieun Yun, Youngs Chang, Minsol Jo, Yerin Heo, Dong-Sook Kim
    Journal of Korean Medical Science.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • A 5-Year Mortality Prediction Model for Prostate Cancer Patients Based on the Korean Nationwide Health Insurance Claims Database
    Joungyoun Kim, Yong-Hoon Kim, Yong-June Kim, Hee-Taik Kang
    Journal of Personalized Medicine.2024; 14(10): 1058.     CrossRef
  • 3,316 View
  • 175 Download
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Special Article
Clinical Practice Recommendations for the Use of Next-Generation Sequencing in Patients with Solid Cancer: A Joint Report from KSMO and KSP
Miso Kim, Hyo Sup Shim, Sheehyun Kim, In Hee Lee, Jihun Kim, Shinkyo Yoon, Hyung-Don Kim, Inkeun Park, Jae Ho Jeong, Changhoon Yoo, Jaekyung Cheon, In-Ho Kim, Jieun Lee, Sook Hee Hong, Sehhoon Park, Hyun Ae Jung, Jin Won Kim, Han Jo Kim, Yongjun Cha, Sun Min Lim, Han Sang Kim, Choong-kun Lee, Jee Hung Kim, Sang Hoon Chun, Jina Yun, So Yeon Park, Hye Seung Lee, Yong Mee Cho, Soo Jeong Nam, Kiyong Na, Sun Och Yoon, Ahwon Lee, Kee-Taek Jang, Hongseok Yun, Sungyoung Lee, Jee Hyun Kim, Wan-Seop Kim
Cancer Res Treat. 2024;56(3):721-742.   Published online November 29, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2023.1043
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
In recent years, next-generation sequencing (NGS)–based genetic testing has become crucial in cancer care. While its primary objective is to identify actionable genetic alterations to guide treatment decisions, its scope has broadened to encompass aiding in pathological diagnosis and exploring resistance mechanisms. With the ongoing expansion in NGS application and reliance, a compelling necessity arises for expert consensus on its application in solid cancers. To address this demand, the forthcoming recommendations not only provide pragmatic guidance for the clinical use of NGS but also systematically classify actionable genes based on specific cancer types. Additionally, these recommendations will incorporate expert perspectives on crucial biomarkers, ensuring informed decisions regarding circulating tumor DNA panel testing.
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Original Articles
Breast cancer
Eflapegrastim versus Pegfilgrastim for Chemotherapy-Induced Neutropenia in Korean and Asian Patients with Early Breast Cancer: Results from the Two Phase III ADVANCE and RECOVER Studies
Yong Wha Moon, Seung Ki Kim, Keun Seok Lee, Moon Hee Lee, Yeon Hee Park, Kyong Hwa Park, Gun Min Kim, Seungtaek Lim, Seung Ah Lee, Jae Duk Choi, Eunhye Baek, Hyesun Han, Seungjae Baek, Seock-Ah Im
Cancer Res Treat. 2023;55(3):766-777.   Published online January 19, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2022.987
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReaderePub
Purpose
We investigated the consistent efficacy and safety of eflapegrastim, a novel long-acting granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), in Koreans and Asians compared with the pooled population of two global phase 3 trials.
Materials and Methods
Two phase 3 trials (ADVANCE and RECOVER) evaluated the efficacy and safety of fixed-dose eflapegrastim (13.2 mg/0.6 mL [3.6 mg G-CSF equivalent]) compared to pegfilgrastim (6 mg based on G-CSF) in breast cancer patients who received neoadjuvant or adjuvant docetaxel/cyclophosphamide. The primary objective was to demonstrate non-inferiority of eflapegrastim compared to pegfilgrastim in mean duration of severe neutropenia (DSN) in cycle 1, in Korean and Asian subpopulations.
Results
Among a total of 643 patients randomized to eflapegrastim (n=314) or pegfilgrastim (n=329), 54 Asians (29 to eflapegrastim and 25 to pegfilgrastim) including 28 Koreans (14 to both eflapegrastim and pegfilgrastim) were enrolled. The primary endpoint, DSN in cycle 1 in the eflapegrastim arm was non-inferior to the pegfilgrastim arm in Koreans and Asians. The DSN difference between the eflapegrastim and pegfilgrastim arms was consistent across populations: –0.120 days (95% confidence interval [CI], –0.227 to –0.016), –0.288 (95% CI, –0.714 to 0.143), and –0.267 (95% CI, –0.697 to 0.110) for pooled population, Koreans and Asians, respectively. There were few treatment-related adverse events that caused discontinuation of eflapegrastim (1.9%) or pegfilgrastim (1.5%) in total and no notable trends or differences across patient populations.
Conclusion
This study may suggest that eflapegrastim showed non-inferior efficacy and similar safety compared to pegfilgrastim in Koreans and Asians, consistently with those of pooled population.

Citations

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  • Comparison of Prophylactic Efficacy of Eflapegrastim and Pegteograstim for Chemotherapy-induced Neutropenia in Pancreatic Cancer Patients Receiving FOLFIRINOX/mFOLFIRINOX
    Eui Seon Lee, Min Jung Geum, Jong Hee Ko, Jae Song Kim, Eun Sun Son, Yun Mi Yu
    Journal of Korean Society of Health-System Pharmacists.2024; 41(3): 253.     CrossRef
  • 4,859 View
  • 274 Download
  • 1 Crossref
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Quality Assessment and Trend for Breast Cancer Treatment Practice across South Korea Based on Nationwide Analysis of Korean Health Insurance Data during 2013-2017
Kyu Hye Choi, Soo-Yoon Sung, Sea-Won Lee, Ye Won Jeon, Sung Hwan Kim, Jong Hoon Lee
Cancer Res Treat. 2023;55(2):570-579.   Published online December 5, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2022.882
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Purpose
Quality assessment of breast cancer treatment in South Korea showed the upward standardization of the grade since 2013, but treatment disparities still have existed. This study analyzed the five year trend between 2013 and 2017 in the assessment of breast cancer treatment practice using the Korean health insurance data.
Materials and Methods
All the medical records including surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy for 7,354 patients a year on average were evaluated. Twenty indices were consisted of one structural, 17 process-related, and 2 result-related factors. We calculated the coefficient of variation (CV) annually to determine the variation in adherence rate of evaluation indices according to the type of institution (advanced vs. general hospital vs. clinic).
Results
Based on the initial assessment in 2013, 10 out of 20 indicators showed significant variation among the types of institutions with a CV of less than 0.1%. Six of them had a CV decline of less than 0.1%. The CV was still 0.1% or higher in the four indicators, including the composition of professional staff, the implementation of target therapy, the average length of hospital stay, and the hospitalization cost. Regarding the first-grade of assessment, there was a statistically significant relationship between the institution type (p=0.029) and region (metropolitan vs. province, p<0.001).
Conclusion
There were disparities in the structural and systemic treatment factors depending on the institutional type. The quality improvement of the regional institutions and multidisciplinary experts for breast cancer is necessary.

Citations

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  • Contrasting income-based inequalities in incidence and mortality of breast cancer in Korea, 2006-2015
    Jinwook Bahk, Hee-Yeon Kang, Young-Ho Khang, Kyunghee Jung-Choi
    Epidemiology and Health.2024; 46: e2024074.     CrossRef
  • 4,354 View
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Gastrointestinal cancer
Descriptive Analysis of Gastric Cancer Mortality in Korea, 2000-2020
Tung Hoang, Hyeongtaek Woo, Sooyoung Cho, Jeeyoo Lee, Sayada Zartasha Kazmi, Aesun Shin
Cancer Res Treat. 2023;55(2):603-617.   Published online September 6, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2022.307
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReaderePub
Purpose
This study aimed to examine secular trends, age-period-cohort effects, and geographical differences in gastric cancer (GC) mortality in Korea.
Materials and Methods
Using cause of death data from the Korean Statistical Information Service for GC from 2000 to 2020, we calculated average annual percentage changes (AAPCs) in the age-standardized mortality of GC in 17 cities and provinces through joinpoint regression. Decomposition of age, period, and cohort effects on GC mortality were elucidated by applying a log-linear model and an intrinsic estimate method. Spatial patterns and the degree of spatial clustering in 250 administrative regions were explored via Moran’s I statistics. Stratification by sex was performed for all analyses.
Results
The age-standardized mortality of GC per 100,000 persons declined from 29.0 in 2000 to 7.9 in 2020 (AAPC, -6.28%). Age-period-cohort analyses of GC mortality showed a downward trend among five-year age groups from age 20-89 years across five-year periods from 2005-2020 and five-year birth cohorts from 1920-2000. Overall, the younger birth cohort showed lower mortality rates than the older cohort within the same period. In 2020, clusters of high GC mortality were observed in the central area for men (Chungcheongbuk, Jeollabuk, Gyeongsangbuk, and Gyeongsangnam) and in the eastern area for women (Gyeongsangbuk).
Conclusion
This study identified a downward trend in GC mortality among men and women from 2000 to 2020 in Korea. This trend was mainly attributed to birth cohort rather than period effects. Spatial analysis showed high GC mortality in the Chungcheong and Gyeongsangbuk areas.

Citations

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  • Efficacy and safety of herbal medicine treatment on postsurgical recovery in gastric cancer patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis
    Soo-Dam Kim, Sook-Jin Pyo, Dong-Hyeon Kim, Hwa-Seung Yoo, So-Jung Park
    Medicine.2025; 104(1): e41034.     CrossRef
  • Expression of claudin 18.2 in poorly cohesive carcinoma and its association with clinicopathologic parameters in East Asian patients
    Moonsik Kim, Byung Woog Kang, Jihyun Park, Jin Ho Baek, Jong Gwang Kim
    Pathology - Research and Practice.2024; 263: 155628.     CrossRef
  • Updated Epidemiology of Gastric Cancer in Asia: Decreased Incidence but Still a Big Challenge
    Wing Sum Shin, Fuda Xie, Bonan Chen, Peiyao Yu, Jun Yu, Ka Fai To, Wei Kang
    Cancers.2023; 15(9): 2639.     CrossRef
  • 5,635 View
  • 196 Download
  • 5 Web of Science
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General
Trends and Patterns of Cancer Burdens by Region and Income Level in Korea: A National Representative Big Data Analysis
Yoon-Sun Jung, Seok-Jun Yoon
Cancer Res Treat. 2023;55(2):408-418.   Published online September 6, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2022.126
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReaderePub
Purpose
This study aimed to elucidate the trends and characteristics of the cancer burden in Korea by cancer site, region, and income level.
Materials and Methods
Korean National Burden of Disease research methodology was applied to measure the cancer burden in Korea from 2008 to 2018. The cause of death and national health insurance claims data were obtained from Statistics Korea and the National Health Insurance Service, respectively. An incidence-based approach was applied to calculate the disability-adjusted life-years, which is a summary measure of population health.
Results
In the past decade, the cancer burden in Korea increased from 2,088 to 2,457 person-years per 100,000 population. Among the cancer burden, the years of life lost decreased, and the years lived with disabilities increased. Cancers of the trachea, bronchus, and lung had the highest disease burden, followed by those of the stomach, colon and rectum, liver, and breast.
Conclusion
The findings of this study can provide valuable quantitative data for prioritizing and evaluating cancer prevention strategies and implementing cancer policies. Estimating the difference in cancer burden according to region and income level within a country can yield useful data to understand the nature of the cancer burden and scale of the problem. In addition, the results of this study provide a better understanding of the causes of cancer patterns, thereby generating new hypotheses regarding its pathogenesis.

Citations

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  • Urban versus rural disparities in amenity proximity and housing price: the case of integrated urban–rural city, Sejong, South Korea
    Jiyeon Shin, Galen D. Newman, Yunmi Park
    Journal of Housing and the Built Environment.2024; 39(2): 727.     CrossRef
  • Trends of Gaps Between Health-Adjusted Life Expectancy and Life Expectancy at the Regional Level in Korea Using a Group-Based Multi-Trajectory Modeling Approach (2008–2019)
    Chung-Nyun Kim, Yoon-Sun Jung, Young-Eun Kim, Minsu Ock, Dal-Lae Jin, Seok-Jun Yoon
    Journal of Korean Medical Science.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Korean National Burden of Disease: The Importance of Diabetes Management
    Chung-Nyun Kim, Yoon-Sun Jung, Young-Eun Kim, Minsu Ock, Seok-Jun Yoon
    Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2024; 48(4): 518.     CrossRef
  • Incidence disparities of obstructive sleep apnea-associated lung cancer by gender; Korean National Health Insurance data analysis
    Marn Joon Park, Kyung-Do Han, Jae Hoon Cho, Ji Ho Choi
    Frontiers in Oncology.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Testicular Cancer Incidence among Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) Patients: South Korean National Health Insurance Data
    Marn Joon Park, Kyung-Do Han, Jae Hoon Cho, Ji Ho Choi
    Cancers.2023; 15(13): 3273.     CrossRef
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Lung and Thoracic cancer
Five-Year Overall Survival and Prognostic Factors in Patients with Lung Cancer: Results from the Korean Association of Lung Cancer Registry (KALC-R) 2015
Da Som Jeon, Ho Cheol Kim, Se Hee Kim, Tae-Jung Kim, Hong Kwan Kim, Mi Hyung Moon, Kyongmin Sarah Beck, Yang-Gun Suh, Changhoon Song, Jin Seok Ahn, Jeong Eun Lee, Jeong Uk Lim, Jae Hyun Jeon, Kyu-Won Jung, Chi Young Jung, Jeong Su Cho, Yoo-Duk Choi, Seung-Sik Hwang, Chang-Min Choi, Korean Association for Lung Cancer, Korea Central Cancer Registry
Cancer Res Treat. 2023;55(1):103-111.   Published online June 20, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2022.264
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReaderePub
Purpose
This study aimed to provide the clinical characteristics, prognostic factors, and 5-year relative survival rates of lung cancer diagnosed in 2015.
Materials and Methods
The demographic risk factors of lung cancer were calculated using the KALC-R (Korean Association of Lung Cancer Registry) cohort in 2015, with survival follow-up until December 31, 2020. The 5-year relative survival rates were estimated using Ederer II methods, and the general population data used the death rate adjusted for sex and age published by the Korea Statistical Information Service from 2015 to 2020.
Results
We enrolled 2,657 patients with lung cancer who were diagnosed in South Korea in 2015. Of all patients, 2,098 (79.0%) were diagnosed with non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and 345 (13.0%) were diagnosed with small cell lung cancer (SCLC), respectively. Old age, poor performance status, and advanced clinical stage were independent risk factors for both NSCLC and SCLC. In addition, the 5-year relative survival rate declined with advanced stage in both NSCLC (82%, 59%, 16%, 10% as the stage progressed) and SCLC (16%, 4% as the stage progressed). In patients with stage IV adenocarcinoma, the 5-year relative survival rate was higher in the presence of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation (19% vs. 11%) or anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) translocation (38% vs. 11%).
Conclusion
In this Korean nationwide survey, the 5-year relative survival rates of NSCLC were 82% at stage I, 59% at stage II, 16% at stage III, and 10% at stage IV, and the 5-year relative survival rates of SCLC were 16% in cases with limited disease, and 4% in cases with extensive disease.

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    Journal of Drug Targeting.2025; : 1.     CrossRef
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General
Adherence to Cancer Prevention Guidelines and Cancer Incidence and Mortality: A Population-Based Cohort Study
Jin-Kyoung Oh, Minji Han, Byungmi Kim, Eun Young Park
Cancer Res Treat. 2023;55(1):15-27.   Published online March 22, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2021.1031
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReaderePub
Purpose
This study aimed to estimate the risk of cancer incidence and mortality according to adherence to lifestyle-related cancer prevention guidelines.
Materials and Methods
Men and women who participated in the general health screening program in 2002 and 2003 provided by the National Health Insurance Service were included (n=8,325,492). Self-reported smoking, alcohol consumption, and physical activity habits and directly measured body mass index were collected. The participants were followed up until the date of cancer onset or death or 31 December 2018. The Cox proportional hazard model was used to evaluate the hazard ratio (HR) for cancer incidence and mortality according to different combinations of lifestyle behaviors.
Results
Only 6% of men and 15% of women engaged in healthy behavior at baseline, such as not smoking, not drinking alcohol, being moderately or highly physically active, and within a normal body mass index range. Compared to the best combination of healthy lifestyle behaviors, the weak and moderate associations with increased all cancer incidence (HR < 1.7) and mortality (HR < 2.5) were observed in those with heavy alcohol consumption and in former or current smokers. HRs of cancer mortality were significantly increased among current smokers in most combinations.
Conclusion
Compared to full adherence to cancer prevention recommendations, unhealthy behaviors increase cancer risk. As few people meet these recommendations, there is a great opportunity for cancer prevention.

Citations

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Special Articles
Prediction of Cancer Incidence and Mortality in Korea, 2022
Kyu-Won Jung, Young-Joo Won, Mee Joo Kang, Hyun-Joo Kong, Jeong-Soo Im, Hong Gwan Seo
Cancer Res Treat. 2022;54(2):345-351.   Published online March 21, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2022.179
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Purpose
This study aimed to report the projected cancer incidence and mortality for the year 2022 to estimate Korea’s current cancer burden.
Materials and Methods
Cancer incidence data from 1999 to 2019 were obtained from the Korea National Cancer Incidence Database, and cancer mortality data from 1993 to 2020 were acquired from Statistics Korea. Cancer incidence and mortality were projected by fitting a linear regression model to observed age-specific cancer rates against their respective years and then by multiplying the projected age-specific rates by the anticipated age-specific population for 2022. A joinpoint regression model was used to determine the year in which the linear trend changed significantly; we only used the data of the latest trend.
Results
In total, 274,488 new cancer cases and 81,277 cancer deaths are expected to occur in Korea in 2022. The most common cancer site is expected to be the thyroid, followed by the lung, colon and rectum, breast, and stomach. These five cancers are expected to represent half of the overall burden of cancer in Korea. The most common type of cancer leading to death is expected to be lung cancer, followed by liver, colorectal, pancreatic, and gallbladder cancers.
Conclusion
The incidence rates for all types of cancer in Korea are estimated to gradually decrease. These up-to-date estimates of the cancer burden in Korea could be an important resource for planning and evaluating cancer-control programs.

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Cancer Statistics in Korea: Incidence, Mortality, Survival, and Prevalence in 2019
Mee Joo Kang, Young-Joo Won, Jae Jun Lee, Kyu-Won Jung, Hye-Jin Kim, Hyun-Joo Kong, Jeong-Soo Im, Hong Gwan Seo, The Community of Population-Based Regional Cancer Registries
Cancer Res Treat. 2022;54(2):330-344.   Published online March 16, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2022.128
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReaderePub
Purpose
The current study provides national cancer statistics and their secular trends in Korea, including incidence, mortality, survival, and prevalence in 2019.
Materials and Methods
Incidence, survival, and prevalence rates of cancer were calculated using the Korea National Cancer Incidence Database, from 1999 to 2019, with survival follow-up until December 31, 2020. Deaths from cancer were assessed using causes-of-death data obtained from Statistics Korea.
Results
In 2019, newly diagnosed cancer cases and deaths from cancer were reported as 254,718 (ASR, 275.4 per 100,000) and 81,203 (ASR, 72.2 per 100,000), respectively. For the first time, lung cancer (n=29,960) became the most frequent cancer in Korea, excluding thyroid cancer. The overall cancer incidence rates increased by 3.3% annually from 1999 to 2012, and decreased by 5.3% annually from 2012 to 2015, thereafter, followed by nonsignificant changes. The incidence of thyroid cancer increased again from 2016 (annual percentage change, 6.2%). Cancer mortality rates have been decreasing since 2002, with more rapid decline in recent years (annual decrease of 2.7% from 2002 to 2013; 3.3% from 2013 to 2019). The 5-year relative survival between 2015 and 2019 was 70.7%, which contributed to prevalent cases reaching over 2 million in 2019.
Conclusion
Cancer survival rates have improved over the past decades, but the number of newly diagnosed cancers is still increasing, with some cancers showing only marginal improvement in survival outcomes. As the number of cancer survivors increases, a comprehensive cancer control strategy should be implemented in line with the changing aspects of cancer statistics.

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Original Articles
Skin cancer
Incidence and Survival Rates of Cutaneous Melanoma in South Korea Using Nationwide Health Insurance Claims Data
TaeHo Kim, Siyeong Yoon, Dong-Eun Shin, Sang Cheol Lee, Jisu Oh, So-Young Lee, Do Kyung Kim, Segi Kim, Bosung Jung, Minsup Kim, Soonchul Lee
Cancer Res Treat. 2022;54(3):937-949.   Published online September 30, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2021.871
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReaderePub
Purpose
Melanoma incidence is rising worldwide along with the associated personal and socioeconomic health expenditures. We investigated the incidence and survival-rate patterns of melanoma in South Korea using nationwide data.
Materials and Methods
This retrospective cohort study included patients with melanoma between 2004 and 2017, based on National Health Insurance (NHI) claims data in South Korea. The incidence, prevalence, and survival rate were analyzed along with baseline demographic characteristics. We collected solar irradiation dose (SID) and healthcare ranking score (HRS) according to the administrative district from the Korea Meteorological Administration and Korea Health Promotion Institute. The incidence and survival rates were assessed using Pearson's correlation, the Kaplan-Meier estimation, multiple linear regression, and multiple logistic regression methods.
Results
Twenty-five thousand, five hundred ninety-one patients with melanoma were diagnosed during the study period. The age-standardized incidence of melanoma steadily increased from 2004 to 2017 from 2.6 to 3.0/100,000/yr. The incidence of melanoma increased with significantly higher income (p < 0.05). The prevalence followed a similar pattern as the incidence. According to multivariate analysis, HRS significantly influenced the incidence of melanoma in high sun-exposed sites (p < 0.001). There was no significant change in annual mortality. Women had a higher 5-year survival rate than men (78.4% vs. 72.8%). Mortality by the administrative district was highly correlated with HRS.
Conclusion
The incidence of melanoma is increasing in South Korea. A low HRS is associated with both higher incidence and mortality. The findings of this study could be utilized as a guideline for treating melanoma patients.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Risk of second primary malignancies among survivors of cutaneous melanoma: A nationwide population-based study in the Republic of Korea
    Joon Min Jung, Do Hyung Kim, Ye-Jee Kim, Ik Jun Moon, Woo Jin Lee, Sung Eun Chang, Mi Woo Lee, Chong Hyun Won
    Scientific Reports.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    The Journal of Dermatology.2024; 51(4): 532.     CrossRef
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    Maryam Firoozi, Alireza Barari, Asieh Abbassi Daloii, Hossein Abednatanzi
    Complementary Medicine Journal.2024; 13(4): 44.     CrossRef
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    Dermatologica Sinica.2024; 42(1): 19.     CrossRef
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    Sin Hyung Park, Ho Yoon, Siyeong Yoon, Jaiwoo Chung, Jae-hyun Kim, Soonchul Lee
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    Isaac Kim, Jisu Oh, Siyeoung Yoon, Man-Yong Han, Jaiwoo Chung, Younghoon Jung, Hyun-Il Lee, Soonchul Lee
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    Yaqi Wang, Hui Su, Xiaopeng Wang, Chen Tu, Tong Xiao, Bincheng Ren, Shuang Wang
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  • The effects of exposure to solar radiation on human health
    R. E. Neale, R. M. Lucas, S. N. Byrne, L. Hollestein, L. E. Rhodes, S. Yazar, A. R. Young, M. Berwick, R. A. Ireland, C. M. Olsen
    Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences.2023; 22(5): 1011.     CrossRef
  • Survival rates for invasive cutaneous malignant melanoma in South Korea in accordance with the Eighth edition AJCC Cancer Staging Manual: A retrospective single center study
    Seon Hwa Lee, Gi Ung Ha, Hyun Ji Lee, Ho Yun Chung, Seung Huh, Dae-Lyong Ha, Kyung Duck Park, Yong Hyun Jang, Weon Ju Lee, Seok-Jong Lee, Jun Young Kim
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    Ik Jun Moon, Hyungmin Na, Hye Soo Cho, Chong Hyun Won, Sung Eun Chang, Mi Woo Lee, Woo Jin Lee
    Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology.2023; 149(12): 10065.     CrossRef
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Sarcoma
Incidence Patterns and Outcomes of Ewing Sarcoma in South Korea (1999-2017): A Retrospective Analysis Using Korea Central Cancer Registry Data
Jun Ah Lee, Jiwon Lim, Dayeon Park, Hye Young Jin, Meerim Park, Hyeon Jin Park, Jong Woong Park, June Hyuk Kim, Hyun Guy Kang, Young-Joo Won
Cancer Res Treat. 2022;54(2):590-596.   Published online July 20, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2021.311
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Purpose
Due to low incidence, epidemiologic data of Ewing sarcoma in the Asian population are scarce. We aimed to examine the incidence pattern and outcome of patients with Ewing sarcoma in the Republic of Korea.
Materials and Methods
Data of patients with Ewing sarcoma diagnosed between 1999 and 2017 were obtained from the Korea Central Cancer Registry (KCCR). Incidence, clinical characteristics, and survival rates were analyzed and compared between different age groups.
Results
There were 788 cases (459 males, 329 females), with a median age at diagnosis of 20 years. The age-standardized rate of Ewing sarcoma was 1.01. The number of cases and incidence rates in each age group were as follows: children, 1.6; adolescents and young adults (AYA), 0.93; adults, 0.44; and elderly, 0.53. There were more male cases in children and the AYA group (p < 0.001). Extraskeletal tumors (p < 0.001), primary sites other than extremity (p=0.007), and presence of metastasis at diagnosis (p=0.031) were more frequent in the adults and elderly group. With a median survival time of 78 months, the 5-year overall survival (OS) rate of the entire cohort was 52%. Children fared best (5-year OS, 75%), and the 5-year OS of AYA patients (51%) approximated the OS of the entire cohort. A two-fold difference of 5-year OS was observed between adults and elderly patients (42% vs. 19%). On univariate and multivariate analyses, age ≥ 15 years and presence of metastasis were adverse prognostic factors.
Conclusion
This was the first epidemiologic study of Ewing sarcoma using the KCCR data. With a similar incidence to other Asian countries, the survival rate was slightly lower than that of Euro-American cases. Collaborative clinical studies are necessary to improve the outcome of Ewing sarcoma in low-incidence populations.

Citations

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  • Twenty‐year outcome of prevalence, incidence, mortality and survival rate in patients with malignant bone tumors
    Yao Xu, Fanqi Shi, Yanting Zhang, Mengfan Yin, Xiuxin Han, Jinyan Feng, Guowen Wang
    International Journal of Cancer.2024; 154(2): 226.     CrossRef
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    Wenle Li, Qian Zhou, Wencai Liu, Chan Xu, Zhi-Ri Tang, Shengtao Dong, Haosheng Wang, Wanying Li, Kai Zhang, Rong Li, Wenshi Zhang, Zhaohui Hu, Su Shibin, Qiang Liu, Sirui Kuang, Chengliang Yin
    Frontiers in Medicine.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Min Soo Kim, Won Sung Lee, Hanki Lee, Wook Jin
    Cell Death & Disease.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • 6,238 View
  • 122 Download
  • 2 Web of Science
  • 3 Crossref
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Special Articles
Cancer Statistics in Korea: Incidence, Mortality, Survival, and Prevalence in 2018
Seri Hong, Young-Joo Won, Jae Jun Lee, Kyu-Won Jung, Hyun-Joo Kong, Jeong-Soo Im, Hong Gwan Seo, The Community of Population-Based Regional Cancer Registries
Cancer Res Treat. 2021;53(2):301-315.   Published online March 17, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2021.291
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReaderePub
Purpose
The current study provides national cancer statistics and their secular trends in Korea, including incidence, mortality, survival, and prevalence in 2018.
Materials and Methods
Incidence, survival, and prevalence rates of cancer were calculated using the Korea National Cancer Incidence Database, from 1999 to 2018, with survival follow-up until December 31, 2019. Deaths from cancer were assessed using causes-of-death data obtained from Statistics Korea. Crude and age-standardized rates (ASRs) for incidence, mortality, prevalence, and 5-year relative survival rates were calculated, and temporal trends for incidence and mortality rates were evaluated, with annual percentage changes.
Results
In 2018, newly diagnosed cancer cases and deaths from cancer were reported as 243,837 (ASR, 270.4 per 100,000) and 79,153 (ASR, 73.3 per 100,000), respectively. The overall cancer incidence rates increased by 3.3% annually from 1999 to 2012, and decreased by 5.4% annually from 2012 to 2015, thereafter, followed by nonsignificant changes. Cancer mortality rates have been decreasing since 2002, with more rapid decline in recent years (annual decrease of 2.7% from 2007 to 2014; 3.7% from 2014 to 2018). The 5-year relative survival between 2014 and 2018 was 70.3%, which contributed to prevalent cases reaching over 2 million by the end of 2018.
Conclusion
Cancer statistics have improved significantly during the past two decades. However, there remain important challenges to be solved, such as controlling cancers with low survival rates. Cancer statistics can be used to discover blind spots in cancer control, and as evidence for developing and implementing future cancer control strategies.

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Prediction of Cancer Incidence and Mortality in Korea, 2021
Kyu-Won Jung, Young-Joo Won, Seri Hong, Hyun-Joo Kong, Jeong-Soo Im, Hong Gwan Seo
Cancer Res Treat. 2021;53(2):316-322.   Published online March 17, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2021.290
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Purpose
This study aimed to report the projected cancer incidence and mortality for the year 2021 to estimate Korea’s current cancer burden.
Materials and Methods
Cancer incidence data from 1999 to 2018 were obtained from the Korea National Cancer Incidence Database, and cancer mortality data from 1993 to 2019 were acquired from Statistics Korea. Cancer incidence and mortality were projected by fitting a linear regression model to observed age-specific cancer rates against their respective years and then by multiplying the projected age-specific rates by the anticipated age-specific population for 2021. A joinpoint regression model was used to determine the year in which the linear trend changed significantly; we only used the data of the latest trend.
Results
In total, 259,999 new cancer cases and 81,567 cancer deaths are expected to occur in Korea in 2021. The most common cancer site is expected to be the lung, followed by the thyroid, colon and rectum, breast, and stomach. These five cancers are expected to represent half of the overall burden of cancer in Korea. The most common type of cancer leading to death is expected to be lung cancer, followed by liver, colorectal, pancreatic, and stomach cancers.
Conclusion
The incidence rates for all types of cancer in Korea are estimated to gradually decrease. These up-to-date estimates of the cancer burden in Korea could be an important resource for planning and evaluating cancer-control programs.

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Guidelines for Cancer Care during the COVID-19 Pandemic in South Korea
Jii Bum Lee, Minkyu Jung, June Hyuk Kim, Bo Hyun Kim, Yeol Kim, Young Seok Kim, Byung Chang Kim, Jin Kim, Sung Ho Moon, Keon-Uk Park, Meerim Park, Hyeon Jin Park, Sung Hoon Sim, Hong Man Yoon, Soo Jung Lee, Eunyoung Lee, June Young Chun, Youn Kyung Chung, So-Youn Jung, Jinsoo Chung, Eun Sook Lee, Hyun Cheol Chung, Tak Yun, Sun Young Rha
Cancer Res Treat. 2021;53(2):323-329.   Published online March 15, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2020.1256
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
At the end of 2019, the cause of pneumonia outbreaks in Wuhan, China, was identified as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. In February 2020, the World Health Organization named the disease cause by SARS-CoV-2 as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In response to the pandemic, the Korean Cancer Association formed the COVID-19 task force to develop practice guidelines. This special article introduces the clinical practice guidelines for cancer patients which will help oncologists best manage cancer patients during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Citations

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Original Articles
Lung Cancer
Conditional Survival of Surgically Treated Patients with Lung Cancer: A Comprehensive Analyses of Overall, Recurrence-free, and Relative Survival
Dong Wook Shin, Jong Ho Cho, Jung Eun Yoo, Juhee Cho, Dong Woog Yoon, Genehee Lee, Sumin Shin, Hong Kwan Kim, Yong Soo Choi, Jhingook Kim, Jae Ill Zo, Young Mog Shim
Cancer Res Treat. 2021;53(4):1057-1071.   Published online March 9, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2020.1308
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Purpose
Survival probability changes over time in cancer survivors. This study examined conditional survival in patients undergoing curative resection for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
Materials and Methods
Five-year conditional recurrence-free survival (CRFS), conditional overall survival (COS), and conditional relative survival (CRS) up to 10 years after surgery were calculated in patients who underwent NSCLC resection from 1994 to 2016. These rates were stratified according to age, sex, year of diagnosis, pathological stage, tumor histology, smoking status, comorbidity, and lung function.
Results
Five-year CRFS increased from 65.6% at baseline to 90.9% at 10 years after surgery. Early differences in 5-year CRFS according to stratified patient characteristics disappeared, except for age: older patients exhibited persistently lower 5-year CRFS. Five-year COS increased from 72.7% to 78.3% at 8 years and then decreased to 75.4% at 10 years. Five-year CRS increased from 79.0% at baseline to 86.8% at 10 years. Older age and higher pathologic stage were associated with lower 5-year COS and CRS up to 10 years after surgery. Female patients, those with adenocarcinoma histology, non-smokers, patient without comorbidities and had good lung function showed higher COS and CRS.
Conclusion
CRFS improved over time, but significant risk remained after 5 years. CRS slightly improved over time but did not reach 90%, suggesting significant excess mortality compared to the general population. Age and stage remained significant predictors of conditional survival several years after surgery. Our conditional survival estimates should help clinicians and patients make informed treatment and personal life decisions based on survivorship status.

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Prognostic Factor and Clinical Outcome in Stage III Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Study Based on Real-World Clinical Data in the Korean Population
Ho Cheol Kim, Wonjun Ji, Jae Cheol Lee, Hyeong Ryul Kim, Si Yeol Song, Chang-Min Choi, Korean Association for Lung Cancer, Korea Central Cancer Registry
Cancer Res Treat. 2021;53(4):1033-1041.   Published online February 16, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2020.1350
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReaderePub
Purpose
The optimal treatment for patients with stage III non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains controversial. This study aimed to investigate prognostic factors and clinical outcome in stage III NSCLC using real-world clinical data in the Korean population.
Materials and Methods
Among 8,110 patients with lung cancer selected from 52 hospitals in Korea during 2014-2016, only patients with stage III NSCLC were recruited and analyzed. A standardized protocol was used to collect clinical information and cox proportional hazards models were used to identify risk factors for mortality.
Results
A total of 1,383 patients (46.5% had squamous cell carcinoma and 40.9% had adenocarcinoma) with stage III NSCLC were enrolled, and their median age was 70 years. Regarding clinical stage, 548 patients (39.6%) had stage IIIA, 517 (37.4%) had stage IIIB, and 318 (23.0%) had stage IIIC. Pertaining to the initial treatment method, the surgery group (median survival period: 36 months) showed better survival outcomes than the non-surgical treatment group (median survival period: 18 months, p=0.001) in patients with stage IIIA. Moreover, among patients with stage IIIB and stage IIIC, those who received concurrent chemotherapy and radiation therapy (CCRT, median survival period: 24 months) showed better survival outcomes than those who received chemotherapy (median survival period: 11 months), or radiation therapy (median survival period: 10 months, p<0.001).
Conclusion
While surgery might be feasible as the initial treatment option in patients with stage IIIA NSCLC, CCRT showed a beneficial role in patients with stage IIIB and IIIC NSCLC.

Citations

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Gastrointestinal Cancer
Population Attributable Fraction of Helicobacter pylori Infection–Related Gastric Cancer in Korea: A Meta-Analysis
Yoon Park, Moran Ki
Cancer Res Treat. 2021;53(3):744-753.   Published online December 15, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2020.610
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReaderePub
Purpose
This study aimed to determine the proportion of gastric cancer attributable to Helicobactor pylori in the Korean population. Infection with H. pylori has been recognized as the most significant risk factor for gastric cancer. In Korea, gastric cancer is the most common cancer that accounted for 13.3% of all cancers in 2016. In particular, men are most commonly diagnosed with gastric cancer; the age-standardized incidence rate in men is 49.6 per 100,000, which is more than twice the incidence in women.
Materials and Methods
The population attributable fraction (PAF) was calculated as a function of the relative risk (RR) of gastric cancer associated with H. pylori infections. To estimate PAF of gastric cancer due to H. pylori, the prevalence of H. pylori infections was extrapolated for the year of 1990 and a pooled RR was obtained by conducting a meta-analysis of studies recently published in Korea.
Results
The estimated prevalence of H. pylori was 76.4% in men and 71.9% in women. The RRs (95% confidence interval) pooled from case-control studies using a random effects model was 1.69 (1.29-2.22) for overall gastric cancer and 2.17 (1.04-4.55) for non-cardia gastric cancer. Using the RR for overall gastric cancer, the estimated PAFs due to H. pylori were 34.5% in men and 33.2% in women.
Conclusion
The occurrence of gastric cancer in Koreans may be affected by other risk factors in addition to H. pylori infection, which may contribute to increasing baseline risk for gastric cancer.

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Gastrointestinal cancer
Population Attributable Fraction of Established Modifiable Risk Factors on Colorectal Cancer in Korea
Sooyoung Cho, Aesun Shin
Cancer Res Treat. 2021;53(2):480-486.   Published online October 6, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2019.742
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReaderePub
Purpose
We estimated the population attributable fraction (PAF) of established risk factors for colorectal cancer, to provide evidence for prioritizing cancer prevention policy.
Materials and Methods
The exposure prevalence was calculated by using data from the 2005 Korean National Health Examination Survey for tobacco smoking, alcohol consumption, obesity, physical inactivity, and meat intake. Risk estimates (relative risks) were selected from the published meta-analyses. Cancer incidence data from the Korea Central Cancer Registry were used to estimate the preventable number of colorectal cancer cases in 2015.
Results
The PAFs of the tobacco smoking, alcohol consumption, obesity, physical inactivity, and consumption of red and processed meat were as follows: 9.2%, 11.1%, 9.1%, 18.9%, and 10.1% for colon cancer and 21.8%, 12.3%, 3.5%, 5.3%, and 9.2% for rectal cancer among men; 1.0%, 1.3%, 2.7%, 12.3% and 9.2% for colon cancer and 1.7%, 2.3%, 0.8%, 7.2%, and 8.3% for rectal cancer among women. The PAFs of selected risk factors were 46.2% for colon and 42.4% for rectum among men, while 24.3% for colon and 18.9% for rectum among women. The attributable numbers of colon and rectal cancer to selected risk factors were 4,028 and 3,049 cases among men, respectively, while 1,644 and 778 cases among women in the year of 2015.
Conclusion
Changes in modifiable risk factors could prevent half of the colorectal cancer in the Korean population.

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    Federica Turati, Gianfranco Alicandro, Giulia Collatuzzo, Claudio Pelucchi, Matteo Malvezzi, Fabio Parazzini, Eva Negri, Paolo Boffetta, Carlo La Vecchia, Matteo Di Maso
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    Usman Saeed, Tor Å. Myklebust, Trude E. Robsahm, Marlene F. Kielland, Bjørn Møller, Bjørn S. Skålhegg, Tom Mala, Sheraz Yaqub
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General
Cancer Incidence and Survival among Adolescents and Young Adults in Korea: An Update for 2016
Meerim Park, Jiwon Lim, Jun Ah Lee, Byung Kiu Park, Kyu-Won Jung, Young-Joo Won, Hyeon Jin Park
Cancer Res Treat. 2021;53(1):32-44.   Published online October 5, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2020.644
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReaderePub
Purpose
This study investigated the incidence and relative survival rates (RSRs) for cancers among adolescents and young adults (AYAs) aged 15-39 years between 1993 and 2016 in Korea
Materials and Methods
Data from the Korea Central Cancer Registry were used to calculate percent distributions, age-specific incidence rates, age-standardized incidence rates (ASRs) per million, annual percent changes (APCs), average APCs, and RSRs for cancers diagnosed in AYAs.
Results
ASR of all cancers among AYAs was 654.5 per million. The largest diagnosed group of cancers was carcinomas (almost 80%). Crude incidence increased with age, from 170.4 per million for those aged 15-19 years to 1,639.8 per million for those aged 35-39 years. ASR increased from 414.8 per million to 820.4 per million, with an APC of 9.0%. The incidence of thyroid carcinoma showed the most rapid increment (APC, 14.0%), followed by non-Hodgkin lymphoma (APC, 13.4%). The 5-year RSR among AYAs significantly improved from 62.1% to 90.8%. Survival improvement in AYAs was higher than that in children but lower than that in older adults (APC, 2.1% vs. 1.9% vs. 3.1%). The most marked survival improvement was found for leukemia and lymphoma. Astrocytoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, and carcinoma of the trachea, bronchus, and lung had a 5-year RSR of < 50%.
Conclusion
There was an improvement in cancer survivals in AYAs, comparable to that achieved in children. However, survivals in several cancer types do not appear to be improving. Further research focusing on the epidemiology and therapeutic strategies for cancers in AYAs is needed.

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Pilot study for the Psychometric Validation of the Sheffield Profile for Assessment and Referral to Care (SPARC) in Korean Cancer Patients
Jung Hye Kwon, Sun Kyung Baek, Do Yeun Kim, Yu Jung Kim, Myung Ah Lee, Hye Jin Choi, Ja Min Byun, Jin Young Jeong, Sam H Ahmedzai, Geun-Doo Jang
Cancer Res Treat. 2021;53(1):25-31.   Published online August 31, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2020.235
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReaderePub
Purpose
This study aimed to validate the Sheffield Profile for Assessment and Referral to Care (SPARC) as an effective tool for screening palliative care needs among Korean cancer patients.
Materials and Methods
The English version of the SPARC was translated by four Korean oncologists and reconciled by a Korean language specialist and a medical oncologist fluent in English. After the first version of the Korean SPARC (K-SPARC) was developed, back-translation into English was performed by a professional translator and bilingual oncologist. The back-translated version was reviewed by the original author (S.H.A.), and modifications were made (ver. 2). The second version of the K-SPARC was tested against other questionnaires, including the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General (FACT-G) and the Edmonton Symptom Assessment System (ESAS).
Results
Thirty patients were enrolled in the pilot trial. Fifteen were male, and the median age was 64.5 years. Six patients had an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 2 or more. All patients except one were receiving chemotherapy. Regarding internal consistency, the Cronbach’s α scores for physical symptoms, psychological issues, religious and spiritual issues, independency and activity, family and social issues, and treatment issues were 0.812, 0.804, 0.589, 0.843, 0.754, and 0.822, respectively. The correlation coefficients between the SPARC and FACT-G were 0.479 (p=0.007) for the physical domain and –0.130 (p=0.493) for the social domain.
Conclusion
This pilot study indicates that the K-SPARC could be a reliable tool to screen for palliative care needs among Korean cancer patients. A further study to validate our findings is ongoing.

Citations

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  • Translation and linguistic validation of the Sheffield Profile for Assessment and Referral for Care (SPARC) to Colombian Spanish
    Socorro Moreno, Cindy V. Mendieta, Esther de Vries, Sam H. Ahmedzai, Karen Rivera, Camilo Cortes-Mora, Jose A. Calvache
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    Cindy V. Mendieta, Jose A. Calvache, Martín A. Rondón, Carlos Javier Rincón-Rodríguez, Sam H. Ahmedzai, Esther de Vries
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    Cinzia Brunelli, Ernesto Zecca, Alessandra Pigni, Paola Bracchi, Mariangela Caputo, Silvia Lo Dico, Viviana Fusetti, Antonino Tallarita, Cristiana Bergamini, Marta Brambilla, Alessandra Raimondi, Monica Niger, Salvatore Provenzano, Pierangela Sepe, Sara A
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    Jeehee Pyo, Minsu Ock, Mina Lee, Juhee Kim, Jaekyung Cheon, Juhee Cho, Jung Hye Kwon, Hyeyeoung Kim, Hyeon-Su Im, Young Joo Min, Su-Jin Koh
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  • 165 Download
  • 6 Web of Science
  • 6 Crossref
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Gastrointestinal cancer
Adherence to the Recommended Intake of Calcium and Colorectal Cancer Risk in the HEXA Study
Jeeyoo Lee, Aesun Shin, Ji-Yeob Choi, Daehee Kang, Jong-Koo Lee
Cancer Res Treat. 2021;53(1):140-147.   Published online August 25, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2020.480
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Purpose
Dietary calcium intake has been suggested to be protective against the development of colorectal cancer. The mean dietary calcium intake of Koreans is 490 mg/day, which is far below the recommended calcium intake of 700-800 mg/day. In this study, we explored the relationship between dietary calcium intake and colorectal cancer development in Koreans with relatively low calcium intake compared with individuals in Western countries.
Materials and Methods
The Health Examinees Study, a large-scale genomic community-based prospective cohort study, was designed to identify the general characteristics of major chronic diseases in Koreans. A total of 119,501 participants aged 40-69 years recruited between 2004 and 2013 were included in this analysis. The calcium intake level was categorized using the Dietary Reference Intakes for Koreans (KDRIs). The Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for colorectal cancer risk, adjusting for potential confounders.
Results
In the multivariable-adjusted model, compared with the group that consumed less than the recommended amount of calcium, the group that consumed more than the recommended intake of calcium showed a significant reduction in the risk of colorectal cancer in women. (HR, 0.54; 95% CI, 0.31 to 0.95). Among men, however, no significant association was observed between dietary calcium intake and colorectal cancer risk (HR, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.54 to 1.45).
Conclusion
Korean women who adhere to the recommended intake of calcium showed a reduced risk of colorectal cancer.

Citations

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