Cancer Research and Treatment

Original Articles

Effects of Triterpenoid Glycosides from Fresh Ginseng Berry on SW480 Human Colorectal Cancer Cell Line: Jing-Tian Xie, Guang-Jian Du, Eryn McEntee, Han H. Aung, Hui He, Sangeeta R. Mehendale, Chong-Zhi Wang, Chun-Su Yuan; Cancer Res Treat. 2011;43(1):49-55. Published online March 31, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2011.43.1.49

PURPOSE
The pharmacological activities, notably the anticancer properties, of bioactive constituents fromfresh American ginseng berry have not yet been well studied. In this study, we investigated the antiproliferative effects of fresh American ginseng berry extract (AGBE) and its representative triterpenoid glycosides using the human colorectal cancer cell line SW480.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), the contents of 8 ginsenosides in AGBE were determined. The cell growth inhibitory effects of AGBE and three triterpenoid glycosides (ginsenosides Rb3, Re, and Rg3) were evaluated by proliferation assay and 3H-thymidine incorporation assay. Cell cycle and apoptotic effects were analyzed by using flow cytometry after staining with propidium iodide and annexin V.
RESULTS
HPLC analysis data showed that AGBE has a distinct ginsenoside profile. AGBE inhibited SW480 cell growth significantly in a time-dependent (24-96 hours) and concentration-dependent (0.1-1.0 mg/mL) manner. Ginsenosides Rb3, Re, and Rg3 also possess significant antiproliferative activities on SW480 cells. 3H-thymidine incorporation assay indicated that AGBE and ginsenosides Rb3, Re, and Rg3 might inhibit the transferring and duplication of DNA in SW480 cells. Flow cytometric assay data suggested that AGBE arrested SW480 cells in S and G2/M phases, and significantly induced cell apoptosis.
CONCLUSION
AGBE and ginsenosides Rb3, Re, and Rg3 possessed significant antiproliferative effects and induced changes of morphological appearance on SW480 cells. The mechanisms of the antiproliferation of AGBE and tested ginsenosides involved could be cell cycle arrest and induction of apoptosis.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Ginsenosides and gastrointestinal cancers: A novel therapeutic strategy in cancer therapy
Mehdi Karimi, Amir Hossein Barjasteh, Mahdieh Shariatzadeh, Seyed Reza Taha, Andarz Fazlollahpour-naghibi, Pouria Rezaei, Masome Aghaei Lasboo, Meysam Ghanbari Saray, Mohammad Hossein Pourhanifeh
Pathology - Research and Practice.2025; 272: 156078. CrossRef
A systematic review of ginsenoside biosynthesis, spatiotemporal distribution, and response to biotic and abiotic factors in American ginseng
Lixia Tian, Ranran Gao, Yuxiang Cai, Junxian Chen, Hongmei Dong, Shanshan Chen, Zaichang Yang, Yu Wang, Linfang Huang, Zhichao Xu
Food & Function.2024; 15(5): 2343. CrossRef
Ginsenoside Re Suppress the Proliferation and Migration of MCF-7 Human Breast Cancer Cells
Jin-Nyoung Ho
Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition.2024; 53(3): 233. CrossRef
Comprehensive phytochemicals analysis and anti‐myocardial ischemia activity of total saponins of American ginseng berry
Le Li, Yunhe Liu, Hui Yu, Zhuo Li, Hongqiang Lin, Fulin Wu, Luying Tan, Caixia Wang, Pingya Li, Jinping Liu
Journal of Food Biochemistry.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Pharmacological Properties of Ginsenoside Re
Xiao-Yan Gao, Guan-Cheng Liu, Jian-Xiu Zhang, Ling-He Wang, Chang Xu, Zi-An Yan, Ao Wang, Yi-Fei Su, Jung-Joon Lee, Guang-Chun Piao, Hai-Dan Yuan
Frontiers in Pharmacology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Therapeutic effects of ginseng and ginsenosides on colorectal cancer
Linxian Zhao, Yueming Zhang, Yajuan Li, Chen Li, Kai Shi, Kai Zhang, Ning Liu
Food & Function.2022; 13(12): 6450. CrossRef
Comparative Analysis of Panax ginseng Berries from Seven Cultivars Using UPLC-QTOF/MS and NMR-Based Metabolic Profiling
Dahye Yoon, Bo-Ram Choi, Young-Chang Kim, Seon Min Oh, Hyoung-Geun Kim, Jang-Uk Kim, Nam-In Baek, Suhkmann Kim, Dae Young Lee
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Jin-Yi Wan, Wei-Hua Huang, Wei Zheng, Chan Woong Park, Su Hwan Kim, Dae Bang Seo, Kwang-Soon Shin, Jinxiang Zeng, Haiqiang Yao, Clara Sava-Segal, Chong-Zhi Wang, Chun-Su Yuan
The American Journal of Chinese Medicine.2017; 45(06): 1293. CrossRef
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Yoo-Jin Ha, Sun-Kyun Yoo, Mee Ree Kim
Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life.2016; 26(1): 88. CrossRef
Anticancer Activities of Protopanaxadiol‐ and Protopanaxatriol‐Type Ginsenosides and Their Metabolites
Xiao-Jia Chen, Xiao-Jing Zhang, Yan-Mei Shui, Jian-Bo Wan, Jian-Li Gao, Ki-Wan Oh
Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine.2016;[Epub] CrossRef
Metabonomic Profiling Reveals Cancer Chemopreventive Effects of American Ginseng on Colon Carcinogenesis in ApcMin/+ Mice
Guoxiang Xie, Chong-Zhi Wang, Chunhao Yu, Yunping Qiu, Xiao-Dong Wen, Chun-Feng Zhang, Chun-Su Yuan, Wei Jia
Journal of Proteome Research.2015; 14(8): 3336. CrossRef
Establishment of Optimal Fermentation Conditions for Steam-dried Ginseng Berry via Friendly Bacteria and Its Antioxidant Activities
Seung Tae Kim, Hee Jung Kim, Su Kil Jang, Do Ik Lee, Seong Soo Joo
Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology.2013; 45(1): 77. CrossRef
Ginsenoside F2 induces apoptosis accompanied by protective autophagy in breast cancer stem cells
Trang Thi Mai, JeongYong Moon, YeonWoo Song, Pham Quoc Viet, Pham Van Phuc, Jung Min Lee, Tae-Hoo Yi, Moonjae Cho, Somi Kim Cho
Cancer Letters.2012; 321(2): 144. CrossRef

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Proapoptotic Ginsenosides Compound K and Rh₂ Enhance Fas-induced Cell Death of Human Astrocytoma Cells Through Distinct Apoptotic Signaling Pathways: Kyungsun Choi, Chulhee Choi; Cancer Res Treat. 2009;41(1):36-44. Published online March 31, 2009; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2009.41.1.36

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Purpose

Malignant astrocytomas are among the commonest primary brain tumors and they have a grave prognosis, and so there is an urgent need to develop effective treatment. In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanisms that are responsible for the anti-tumor effect of ginsenosides on human astrocytoma cells.

Materials and Methods

We tested 13 different ginsenosides for their anti-tumor effect on human malignant astrocytoma cells in conjunction with Fas stimulation. In addition, the cell signaling pathways were explored by using pharmacological inhibitors and performing immunoblot analysis. DCF-DA staining and antioxidant experiments were performed to investigate the role of reactive oxygen species as one of the apoptosis-inducing mechanisms.

Results

Among the 13 different ginsenoside metabolites, compound K and Rh₂ induced apoptotic cell death of the astrocytoma cells in a caspase- and p38 MAPK-dependent manner, yet the same treatment had no cytotoxic effect on the primary cultured human astrocytes. Combined treatment with ginsenosides and Fas ligand showed a synergistic cytotoxic effect, which was mediated by the reduction of intracellular reactive oxygen species.

Conclusion

These results suggest that ginsenoside metabolites in combination with Fas ligand may provide a new strategy to treat malignant astrocytomas, which are tumors that are quite resistant to conventional anti-cancer treatment.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

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