Purpose
This phase II study examined whether the addition of simvastatin to afatinib provides a clinical benefit compared with afatinib monotherapy in previously treated patients with nonadenocarcinomatous non-small cell lung cancer (NA-NSCLC).
Materials and Methods
Patientswith advancedNA-NSCLCwho progressed after one ortwo chemotherapy regimens were randomly assigned to a simvastatin (40 mg/day) plus afatinib (40 mg/day) (AS) arm or to an afatinib (A) arm. The primary endpoint was response rate (RR).
Results
Sixty-eight patients were enrolled (36 in the AS arm and 32 in the A arm). The RR was 5.7% (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.7 to 19.2) for AS and 9.4% (95% CI, 2.0 to 25.0) for A (p=0.440). In arms AS and A, the median progression-free survival (PFS) was 1.0 versus 3.6 months (p=0.240) and the overall survival was 10.0 months versus 7.0 months (p=0.930), respectively. Skin rash, stomatitis, and diarrhea were the most common adverse events in both arms. More grade 3 or 4 diarrhea was observed in arm A (18.8% vs. 5.6% in arm AS). In all patients, the median PFS for treatment including afatinib was not correlated with the status of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation (p=0.122), EGFR fluorescence in situ hybridization (p=0.944), or EGFR immunohistochemistry (p=0.976). However, skin rash severity was significantly related to the risk of progression for afatinib (hazard ratio for skin rash grade ≥ 2 vs. grade < 2, 0.44; 95% CI, 0.25 to 0.78; p=0.005).
Conclusion
There were no significant differences in the efficacy between AS and A arms in patients with NA-NSCLC.
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Purpose
Concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) is the standard care for stage III non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients; however, a more effective regimen is needed to improve the outcome by better controlling occult metastases. We conducted two parallel randomized phase II studies to incorporate erlotinib or irinotecan-cisplatin (IP) into CCRT for stage III NSCLC depending on epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation status.
Materials and Methods
Patients with EGFR-mutant tumors were randomized to receive three cycles of erlotinib first and then either CCRT with erlotinib followed by erlotinib (arm A) or CCRT with IP only (arm B). Patients with EGFR unknown or wild-type tumors were randomized to receive either three cycles of IP before (arm C) or after CCRT with IP (arm D).
Results
Seventy-three patients were screened and the study was closed early because of slow accrual after 59 patients were randomized. Overall, there were seven patients in arm A, five in arm B, 22 in arm C, and 25 in arm D. The response rate was 71.4% and 80.0% for arm A and B, and 70.0% and 73.9% for arm C and D. The median overall survival (OS) was 39.3 months versus 31.2 months for arm A and B (p=0.442), and 16.3 months versus 25.3 months for arm C and D (p=0.050). Patients with sensitive EGFR mutations had significantly longer OS than EGFR-wild patients (74.8 months vs. 25.3 months, p=0.034). There were no unexpected toxicities.
Conclusion
Combined-modality treatment by molecular diagnostics is feasible in stage III NSCLC. EGFR-mutant patients appear to be a distinct subset with longer survival.
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PURPOSE Gefitinib was introduced in 2002 for treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC); however, it is not clear whether its use in daily practice has changed the outcome of patients. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the question of how molecular understanding regarding gefitinib and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation affect the prescribing patterns and clinical outcomes of treatment with gefitinib in NSCLC, in a real practical field. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted a retrospective analysis of the consecutive database of NSCLC patients who were treated with gefitinib at Seoul National University Hospital between January 2002 and December 2011. Prescribing patterns and clinical outcomes were analyzed by year. RESULTS A total of 1,115 NSCLC patients, who received gefitinib at recurred or metastatic setting, were included in this study. Proportion of patients receiving gefitinib, for the first line, showed a gradual increase, from 5.2% in 2002-2003 to 30.6% in 2010-2011. Proportion of patients who underwent EGFR mutation testing showed a rapid increase, from 0.6% in 2004-2005 to 73.5% in 2010-2011. The response rate also showed a gradual increase, from 17.2% in 2002-2003 to 57.1% in 2010-2011 (p<0.001). The median progression-free survival of gefitinib was increased with statistical significance from 2.8 months in 2002-2003 to 9.1 months in 2010-2011 (p<0.001). CONCLUSION We demonstrated that molecular understanding and practical use of EGFR mutation testing have resulted in a change in the prescription patterns of gefitinib. Use of an enrichment strategy can lead to improvement in the efficacy of gefitinib in real practice.
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