Cancer Research and Treatment

Original Articles

Breast cancer

Grit and the Relationships among Psychological Distress and Suicidality in Female Patients with Breast Cancer: Ji Seon You, C. Hyung Keun Park; Cancer Res Treat. 2025;57(1):159-164. Published online July 16, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2024.188

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub: Purpose
The risk of suicide is approximately two times higher in patients with breast cancer compared to the general population. Suicide risk factors are widely investigated but research on the protective factors is lacking. We investigated whether each subscale of grit, consistency of interest, and perseverance of effort, could serve as a protective factor against suicidality.
Materials and Methods
Participants were recruited at the Stress Clinic for Cancer Patients, a psycho-oncology clinic at Asan Medical Center from May 2019 to March 2021. A total of 140 female patients with breast cancer completed self-administered questionnaires including Grit scale, Distress thermometer, and Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) suicidality module. We used PROCESS macro for analyzing the mediation model to identify the protective factors for suicidality.
Results
Our findings showed that perseverance of effort showed statistically non-significant associations with psychological distress (p=0.403) and suicidality (p=0.945), however, consistency of interest decreased suicidality through psychological distress (β=–0.015; 95% confidence interval, –0.035 to –0.002).
Conclusion
The result shows that consistency of interest can be a protective factor against suicidality by reducing psychological distress.

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Fear of Cancer Recurrence and Its Negative Impact on Health-Related Quality of Life in Long-term Breast Cancer Survivors: Thi Xuan Mai Tran, So-Youn Jung, Eun-Gyeong Lee, Heeyoun Cho, Na Yeon Kim, Sungkeun Shim, Ho Young Kim, Danbee Kang, Juhee Cho, Eunsook Lee, Yoon Jung Chang, Hyunsoon Cho; Cancer Res Treat. 2022;54(4):1065-1073. Published online December 8, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2021.835

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
Fear of cancer recurrence (FCR) is a common psychological issue in breast cancer (BC) survivors during early survivorship but whether the same is true among long-term survivors has yet to be empirically evaluated. This study investigated FCR level, its associated factors, and impact on quality of life (QoL) in long-term BC survivors.
Materials and Methods
Participants included women diagnosed with BC between 2004 and 2010 at two tertiary hospitals. Survey was conducted in 2020. The study measured FCR with the Fear of Cancer Recurrence Inventory and other patient-reported outcomes, including depression and cancer-related QoL. Logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with FCR, and structural equation modeling was conducted to explore the impact of FCR on other outcomes.
Results
Of 333 participants, the mean age at diagnosis was 45.5, and 46% experienced FCR. Age at diagnosis ≤ 45 (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 2.64; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.51 to 4.60), shorter time since diagnosis (aOR, 1.75, 95% CI, 1.08 to 2.89), and having a history of recurrence (aOR, 2.56; 95% CI, 1.16 to 5.65) was associated with more FCR. FCR was significantly associated with an increased risk of depression (β=0.471, p < 0.001) and negatively impacted emotional functioning (β=–0.531, p < 0.001). In addition, a higher FCR level may impair overall health-related QoL in long-term BC survivors (β=–0.108, p=0.021).
Conclusion
Ten years after diagnosis, long-term BC survivors still experienced a high level of FCR. Further, the negative impact of FCR on QoL and increased depression risk require an FCR screening and appropriate interventions to enhance long-term BC survivors' QoL.

Citations

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General

Functional Impairments in the Mental Health, Depression and Anxiety Related to the Viral Epidemic, and Disruption in Healthcare Service Utilization among Cancer Patients in the COVID-19 Pandemic Era: Kyumin Kim, Harin Kim, Joohee Lee, Inn-Kyu Cho, Myung Hee Ahn, Ki Young Son, Jeong Eun Kim, Hee Jeong Kim, Sang Min Yoon, So Hee Kim, Moon Jung Kwon, Hwa Jung Kim, Su-Jin Koh, Seyoung Seo, Seockhoon Chung; Cancer Res Treat. 2022;54(3):671-679. Published online September 17, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2021.585

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Purpose
Literature is scarce regarding cancer care utilization during the massive outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the Republic of Korea. We investigated functional impairments in mental health and their relationships with depression, anxiety regarding the viral epidemic, and disruptions in healthcare service utilization among cancer patients in the COVID-19 pandemic era.
Materials and Methods
We used an online survey with questions related to the disturbances faced by patients with cancer in utilizing healthcare services in the pandemic era. Current mental health status was assessed using the Work and Social Adjustment Scale (WSAS), Stress and Anxiety to Viral Epidemics-6 (SAVE-6) scale, Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), Brief Resilience Scale (BRS), Cancer-Related Dysfunctional Beliefs about Sleep Scale (C-DBS), and Fear of COVID-19 over Cancer (FCC).
Results
Among the 221 responders, 95 (43.0%) reported disruptions in healthcare service utilization during the COVID-19 pandemic. Logistic regression analysis revealed that functional impairment in the mental health of these patients was expected due to disruptions in healthcare service utilization, high levels of depression, anxiety regarding the viral epidemic, fear of COVID over cancer, and low resilience. Mediation analysis showed that patient resilience and cancer-related dysfunctional beliefs about sleep partially mediated the effects of viral anxiety on functional impairment.
Conclusion
In this pandemic era, patients with cancer experience depression, anxiety regarding the viral epidemic, and disruptions in healthcare service utilization, which may influence their functional impairments in mental health.

Citations

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Depression, Rather Than Cancer-Related Fatigue or Insomnia, Decreased the Quality of Life of Cancer Patients: Sungook Yeo, Joohee Lee, Kyumin Kim, Hwa Jung Kim, Seockhoon Chung; Cancer Res Treat. 2021;53(3):641-649. Published online December 29, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2020.1212

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Purpose
Cancer-related fatigue is a common and distressing symptom that occurs during cancer treatment. This study aimed to find factors that are related to cancer-related fatigue, and its effect on patients’ quality of life.
Materials and Methods
This study included 159 patients who completed questionnaires and interviews during their initial examination at the sleep clinic for cancer patients, Asan Medical Center, between December 2018 and January 2020. Their medical reports were reviewed retrospectively. Questionnaire data about depression, anxiety, insomnia, fear of disease progression, and dysfunctional beliefs about sleep, pain, and quality of life, were reviewed. Additionally, patient sleep structure data were analyzed.
Results
Factors such as depression (p < 0.001), anxiety (p < 0.001), fear of cancer progression (p < 0.001), fatigue (p=0.027), and time in bed during 24 hours (p=0.037) were significant expecting variables for low quality of life from logistic regression analysis. In pathway analysis, depression (p < 0.001), not cancer-related fatigue (p=0.537), act as a direct risk factor on quality of life. And also, depression was an overall risk factor for insomnia, fatigue, and daily activity of cancer patients.
Conclusion
Cancer-related fatigue did not show significant effect on patient’s quality of life in this study. However, the result of pathway analysis highlights the importance of assessing depression in the process of cancer treatment and providing appropriate interventions.

Citations

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Health-Related Quality of Life, Perceived Social Support, and Depression in Disease-Free Survivors Who Underwent Curative Surgery Only for Prostate, Kidney and Bladder Cancer: Comparison among Survivors and with the General Population: Dong Wook Shin, Hyun Sik Park, Sang Hyub Lee, Seung Hyun Jeon, Seok Cho, Seok Ho Kang, Seung Chol Park, Jong Hyock Park, Jinsung Park; Cancer Res Treat. 2019;51(1):289-299. Published online May 4, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2018.053

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to compare health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of disease-free prostate (PC), kidney (KC), and bladder cancer (BC) survivors with that of the general population.
Materials and Methods
Our study included 331 urological cancer (UC) survivors (114 PC, 108 KC, and 109 BC) aged ≥ 50 years disease-free for at least 1 year after surgery. The control group included 1,177 subjects without a history of cancer. The HRQoL was assessed using the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer QLQ-C30, the Duke-UNC Functional Social Support Questionnaire, and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9.
Results
There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of any of the functioning sub-scales and symptoms, except significantly lower social functioning observed in BC survivors than that observed in KC survivors. Although the three groups of UC survivors showed essentially similar functioning sub-scales and symptoms when compared to the general population, PC and BC survivors showed significantly lower social functioning and a lower appetite than that observed in controls. KC survivors showed lower physical functioning, as well as higher pain and dyspnea. Although all three groups of UC survivors reported higher financial difficulties, they also reported higher perceived social support than that reported by the non-cancer control group. No statistically significant difference was observed in terms of depressive symptoms between each group of UC survivors and the general population.
Conclusion
Disease-free survivors of the three major types of UCs showed generally similar HRQoL compared to the general population, as well as compared to each other.

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Associations between Depression, Anxiety, Hostility and Fighting Spirit among Cancer Patients in a Cancer Center in Korea: Joohyung Kim, Jae Kyung Roh, Jeoung Soon Yoon, Suk Jeong Lee, Dong Yeon Lee; Cancer Res Treat. 2003;35(5):411-418. Published online October 31, 2003; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2003.35.5.411

Abstract PDF

PURPOSE
The aim of this study was to examine the associations between depression, anxiety, hostility and fighting spirit among patients with stomach, colorectal or breast cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 223 patients, diagnosed as with stomach, colorectal or breast cancer, undergoing chemotherapy or follow up care, were the subjects of the study. The study design was cross-sectional at the time of the survey. The degrees of depression, anxiety and hostility of the patients were assessed by the SCL-90-R scores, and the fighting spirit was measured by the Mental Adjustment to Cancer (MAC) scale score. RESULTS: The scores of anxiety and hostility of the patients at younger age were higher than those at older age (p<0.01). The patients with metastasis were more depressed than those without it (p<0.01). There was a negative association between depression and fighting spirit (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: The study showed the more depressed cancer patients had lower fighting spirit score, which was known to be one of the most active psychosocial contributors in adjusting to cancer and survival.

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