Cancer Research and Treatment

Original Articles

Normal Brain-Sparing Radiotherapy versus Whole Brain Radiotherapy for Multiple Brain Metastasis from Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Sangjoon Park, Jaeho Cho, Kyung Hwan Kim, Hong In Yoon, Chang Geol Lee; Received July 23, 2024 Accepted December 2, 2024 Published online December 3, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2024.679 [Accepted]

Abstract PDF: Purpose
The efficacy and lower neurotoxicity of normal brain-sparing radiotherapy (NBS-RT) with systemic therapy in treating multiple brain metastases from non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is underexplored. This study compares whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT) and NBS-RT for multiple brain metastases in NSCLC, focusing on treatment outcomes and leukoencephalopathy.
Materials and Methods
This retrospective study included 503 patients with NSCLC with multiple brain metastases at a single center, treated with either WBRT or NBS-RT. Post-RT treatments included chemotherapy, targeted therapy, or immunotherapy. Main outcomes measured were intracranial control, overall survival (OS), and leukoencephalopathy incidence.
Results
In this study, 441 patients received WBRT and 62 received NBS-RT, with median ages of 62 and 61 years, respectively. A significant portion of both groups, 77.3% in WBRT and 80.6% in NBS-RT, received post-RT systemic therapy. The median number of brain metastases was 10 for WBRT and 12 for NBS-RT, with median maximal diameters of 11.7 mm in WBRT and 14.4 mm in NBS-RT. After a median follow-up of 10.9 months for WBRT and 11.8 months for NBS-RT, there were no significant differences in intracranial progression (p=0.516) or OS (p=0.492) between the groups. However, WBRT patients had a higher incidence of leukoencephalopathy than NBS-RT patients (p=0.013).
Conclusion
NBS-RT combined with systemic therapy was as effective in treating multiple brain metastases as WBRT and was less toxic. NBS-RT-based strategies deserve further investigation in a prospective setting.

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Upfront Stereotactic Radiosurgery or Fractionated Stereotactic Radiotherapy in Elderly Patients with Brain Metastases from Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Retrospective Analysis of a 10-Year Bi-institutional Experience: Myungsoo Kim, Jihye Cha, Hun Jung Kim, Woo Chul Kim, Jeongshim Lee; Received February 29, 2024 Accepted July 2, 2024 Published online July 3, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2024.223 [Epub ahead of print]

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub: Purpose
Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) or fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (FSRT) are increasingly used as initial therapies for brain metastases (BM). We aimed to assess the outcomes of SRS/FSRT in patients aged ≥ 65 years who had 1-10 BM from non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
Materials and Methods
We retrospectively reviewed 91 elderly NSCLC patients with 222 BM who were treated with SRS/FSRT at two institutions between 2010 and 2020. The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS) after SRS/FSRT. In addition, in-field local control (IFLC) within the treated field was evaluated. Statistical analysis was performed to identify the prognostic factors affecting OS and IFLC.
Results
During a median follow-up of 18 months, the median OS was 32 months. The 1- and 2-year survival rates were 69.8% and 56.1%, respectively. In multivariate analysis, the NSCLC-specific graded prognostic assessment (GPA) score (p=0.007) and administration of systemic therapy (p=0.039) were defined as prognosticators affecting OS. The median IFLC period was 31 months, and the 1- and 2-year IFLC rates were 75.9% and 57.6%, respectively. The total BM volume (p=0.042) significantly affected IFLC. No severe adverse events were reported after SRS/FSRT.
Conclusion
SRS/FSRT is an effective upfront treatment option for BM arising from NSCLC in elderly patients, with a good OS without severe side effects. Higher GPA score and active systemic treatment were associated with improved OS, indicating that elderly patients are significant candidates for SRS/FSRT.

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Pediatric cancer

The Role of Early and Delayed Surgery for Infants with Congenital Brain Tumors: Jong Seok Lee, Ji Yeoun Lee, Kyung Hyun Kim, Sung-Hye Park, Eun Jung Koh, Seung-Ki Kim, Ji Hoon Phi; Cancer Res Treat. 2024;56(3):909-919. Published online December 28, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2023.1174

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub: Purpose
The present study aimed to evaluate the role of early and delayed surgery in congenital brain tumors and analyze the clinical outcomes of infantile brain tumors.
Materials and Methods
We performed a retrospective cohort study on 69 infantile brain tumors at a single institution from January 2008 to June 2023. Outcomes were assessed as early mortality (within 30 days following surgery) to evaluate the risk of early surgery in congenital brain tumors. Outcomes of recurrence and overall survival were analyzed in infantile brain tumors.
Results
Surgery-related early mortality appeared to occur in young and low-body-weight patients. Cut-off values of age and body weight were found to be 1.3 months and 5.2 kg to avoid early mortality. Three patients (3/10, 30%) showed early mortality in the early surgery group, and early mortality occurred in one patient (1/14, 7.14%) in the delayed surgery group, whose tumor was excessively enlarged. Younger age at diagnosis (< 3 months of age; hazard ratios [HR], 7.1; 95% confidence intervals [CI], 1.4 to 35.6; p=0.018) and leptomeningeal seeding (LMS; HR, 30.6; 95% CI, 3.7 to 253.1; p=0.002) were significant independent risk factors for high mortality in infantile brain tumors.
Conclusion
We suggest delaying surgery until the patient reaches 1.3 months of age and weighs over 5.2 kg with short-term imaging follow-up unless tumors grow rapidly in congenital brain tumors. Younger ages and the presence of LMS are independent risk factors for high mortality in infantile brain tumors.

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Sarcoma

Case Series of Soft Tissue Sarcoma Patients with Brain Metastasis with Implications from Genomic and Transcriptomic Analysis: Changhee Park, Rokhyun Kim, Jaeyong Choi, Miso Kim, Tae Min Kim, Ilkyu Han, Jong-Il Kim, Han-Soo Kim; Cancer Res Treat. 2024;56(2):665-674. Published online September 27, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2023.864

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub: Purpose
Brain metastasis rarely occurs in soft tissue sarcoma (STS). Here, we present five cases of STS with brain metastases with genetic profiles.
Materials and Methods
We included five patients from Seoul National University Hospital who were diagnosed with STS with metastasis to the brain. Tissue from the brain metastasis along with that from the primary site or other metastases were used for DNA and RNA sequencing to identify genetic profiles. Gene expression profiles were compared with sarcoma samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas.
Results
The overall survival after diagnosis of brain metastasis ranged from 2.2 to 34.3 months. Comparison of mutational profiles between brain metastases and matched primary or other metastatic samples showed similar profiles. In two patients, copy number variation profiles between brain metastasis and other tumors showed several differences including MYCL, JUN, MYC, and DDR2 amplification. Gene ontology analysis showed that the group of genes significantly highly expressed in the brain metastasis samples was enriched in the G-protein coupled receptor activity, structural constituent of chromatin, protein heterodimerization activity, and binding of DNA, RNA, and protein. Gene set enrichment analysis showed enrichment in the pathway of neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction and systemic lupus erythematosus.
Conclusion
The five patients had variable ranges of clinical courses and outcomes. Genomic and transcriptomic analysis of STS with brain metastasis implicates possible involvement of complex expression modification and epigenetic changes rather than the addition of single driver gene alteration.

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Central nervous system

A Nationwide, Population-Based Epidemiology Study of Primary Central Nervous System Tumors in Korea, 2007-2016: A Comparison with United States Data: Ho Kang, Sang Woo Song, Johyun Ha, Young-Joo Won, Chul-Kee Park, Heon Yoo, Kyu-Won Jung; Cancer Res Treat. 2021;53(2):355-366. Published online October 7, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2020.847

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to determine the epidemiologic characteristics and survival of patients with primary brain and other central nervous system (CNS) tumors in Korea and to compare our findings with those from the United States.
Materials and Methods
We collected data on primary brain and CNS tumors diagnosed between 2007 and 2016 from the Korea Central Cancer Registry. The age-standardized incidence rates (ASRs) and 5-year relative survival rates (RSRs) were evaluated. We applied the classification and definitions of the Central Brain Tumor Registry of the United States to our analysis for direct comparison with United States data.
Results
A total of 115,050 primary brain and CNS tumors were identified, and the ASR of all tumors was 22.01 per 100,000 individuals, which was lower than the 23.41 in the United States. However, the ASR of malignant tumors was significantly lower herein (4.27) than in the United States (7.08). Meningeal tumors were the most common histologic group among all tumors (ASR, 8.32). The 5-year RSR of all primary brain and other CNS tumors was 86.4%, and that of all malignant tumors was 44.1%, which was higher than the 35.8% observed in the United States. Among malignant tumors, glioblastomas had the lowest 5-year RSR (12.1%).
Conclusion
In Korea, malignant brain and other CNS tumors have a lower incidence and better survival outcome.

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Neurocognitive and Psychological Functioning of Children with an Intracranial Germ Cell Tumor: Younghee Park, Eun-Seung Yu, Boram Ha, Hyeon-Jin Park, Jong-Heun Kim, Joo-Young Kim; Cancer Res Treat. 2017;49(4):960-969. Published online January 4, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2016.204

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Purpose
This study was conducted to investigate the neurocognitive functioning of children with intracranial germ cell tumor (IGCT) prior to receiving proton beam therapy (PBT), and to identify differential characteristics of their neurocognitive functioning depending on tumor location. As a secondary object of this study, neurocognitive functions were followed up at 1-2 years after PBT to examine early post-treatment changes.
Materials and Methods
Between 2008 and 2014, 34 childrenwith IGCT treatedwho received PBT atNational Cancer Center, Korea were enrolled in this study. Standardized neurocognitive tests of intelligence, memory, and executive functioningwere performedwith baseline psychological assessments using the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). Follow-up assessments after PBTwere conducted in 20 patients (T2). The results were analyzed based on the locations of tumors, which included the suprasellar, pineal gland, basal ganglia, and bifocal regions.
Results
The neurocognitive function of IGCT patients was significantly lower than that of the normal population in performance intelligence quotient (p=0.041), processing speed (p=0.007), memory (p < 0.001), and executive functioning (p=0.010). Patients with basal ganglia tumors had significantly lower scores for most domains of neurocognitive functioning and higher scores for CBCL than both the normal population and patients with IGCT in other locations. There was no significant change in neurocognitive function between T1 and T2 for all types of IGCT patients in first 1-2 years after PBT.
Conclusion
Tumor location significantly affects the neuropsychological functioning in patients with IGCT. Neuropsychological functioning should be closely monitored from the time of diagnosis in IGCT patients.

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Charlotte Sleurs, Paul Fletcher, Conor Mallucci, Shivaram Avula, Thankamma Ajithkumar
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Proton therapy for pediatric diencephalic tumors
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Neurocognitive and psychological functioning of pediatric brain tumor patients undergoing proton beam therapy for three different tumor types
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The Japan Society for Neuro-Oncology guideline on the diagnosis and treatment of central nervous system germ cell tumors
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Tandem High-Dose Chemotherapy and Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation for Atypical Teratoid/Rhabdoid Tumor: Ki Woong Sung, Do Hoon Lim, Eun Sang Yi, Young Bae Choi, Ji Won Lee, Keon Hee Yoo, Hong Hoe Koo, Ji Hye Kim, Yeon-Lim Suh, Yoo Sook Joung, Hyung Jin Shin; Cancer Res Treat. 2016;48(4):1408-1419. Published online April 1, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2015.347

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Purpose
We prospectively evaluated the effectiveness of tandem high-dose chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplantation (HDCT/auto-SCT) in improving the survival of patients with atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumors while reducing the risks of late adverse effects from radiotherapy (RT).
Materials and Methods
For young children (< 3 years old), tandem HDCT/auto-SCT was administered after six cycles of induction chemotherapy. RT was deferred until after 3 years of age unless the tumor showed relapse or progression. For older patients (> 3 years old), RT including reduced-dose craniospinal RT (23.4 or 30.6 Gy) was administered either after two cycles of induction chemotherapy or after surgery, and tandem HDCT/auto-SCT was administered after six cycles of induction chemotherapy.
Results
A total of 13 patients (five young and eight older) were enrolled from November 2004 to June 2012. Eight patients, including all five young patients, had metastatic disease at diagnosis. Six patients (four young and two older) experienced progression before initiation of RT, and seven were able to proceed to HDCT/auto-SCT without progression during induction treatment. Three of six patients who experienced progression during induction treatment underwent HDCT/auto-SCT as salvage treatment. All five young patients died from disease progression. However, four of the eight older patients remain progression-freewith a median follow-up period of 64 months (range, 39 to 108 months). Treatment-related late toxicities were acceptable.
Conclusion
The required dose of craniospinal RT might be reduced in older patients if the intensity of chemotherapy is increased. However, early administration of RT should be considered to prevent early progression in young patients.

Citations

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ESTRO-SIOPE guideline: Clinical management of radiotherapy in atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumors (AT/RTs)
Beate Timmermann, Claire Alapetite, Karin Dieckmann, Rolf-Dieter Kortmann, Yasmin Lassen-Ramshad, John H. Maduro, Monica Ramos Albiac, Umberto Ricardi, Damien C. Weber
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Hana Lim, Minji Im, Eun Seop Seo, Hee Won Cho, Hee Young Ju, Keon Hee Yoo, Sung Yoon Cho, Jong-Won Kim, Do Hoon Lim, Ki Woong Sung, Ji Won Lee
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Comparative treatment results of children with atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor of the central nervous system in the younger age group
L. V. Olkhova, O. G. Zheludkova, L. S. Zubarovskaya, A. S. Levashov, A. Yu. Smirnova, Yu. V. Dinikina, Yu. V. Kushel, A. G. Melikyan, S. K. Gorelyshev, M. V. Ryzhova, Yu. Yu. Trunin, A. G. Gevorgyan, O. B. Polushkina, V. E. Popov, L. P. Privalova, N. B. Y
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Atypical Teratoid/Rhabdoid Tumor of the Central Nervous System in Children: Case Reports and Literature Review
Gengyin Guo, Jianfeng Zhuang, Keke Zhang, Zhizhen Zhou, Yanjun Wang, Zhen Zhang
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Atypical Teratoid/Rhabdoid Tumor of the Central Nervous System in Children under the Age of 3 Years
Meerim Park, Jung Woo Han, Seung Min Hahn, Jun Ah Lee, Joo-Young Kim, Sang Hoon Shin, Dong-Seok Kim, Hong In Yoon, Kyung Taek Hong, Jung Yoon Choi, Hyoung Jin Kang, Hee Young Shin, Ji Hoon Phi, Seung-Ki Kim, Ji Won Lee, Keon Hee Yoo, Ki Woong Sung, Hong H
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The results of multicenter treatment of atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumors of the central nervous system in children under 3 years
L. V. Olkhova, O. G. Zheludkova, L. S. Zubarovskaya, A. Yu. Smirnova, Yu. V. Dinikina, Yu. V. Kushel, A. G. Melikyan, S. K. Gorelyshev, M. V. Ryzhova, Yu. Yu. Trunin, E. I. Shults, A. G. Gevorgyan, S. V. Gorbatykh, A. N. Kislyakov, V. E. Popov, L. P. Priv
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Effect of early radiotherapy initiation and high-dose chemotherapy on the prognosis of pediatric atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumors in different age groups
Wan-Chin Yang, Hsiu-Ju Yen, Muh-Lii Liang, Hsin-Hung Chen, Yi-Yen Lee, Feng-Chi Chang, Shih-Chieh Lin, Tai-Tong Wong, Yu-Wen Hu, Yi-Wei Chen
Journal of Neuro-Oncology.2020; 147(3): 619. CrossRef
Advancing biology-based therapeutic approaches for atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumors
Lindsey M Hoffman, Elizabeth Anne Richardson, Ben Ho, Ashley Margol, Alyssa Reddy, Lucie Lafay-Cousin, Susan Chi, Irene Slavc, Alexander Judkins, Martin Hasselblatt, Franck Bourdeaut, Michael C Frühwald, Rajeev Vibhakar, Eric Bouffet, Annie Huang
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Meta-Analysis of Treatment Modalities in Metastatic Atypical Teratoid/Rhabdoid Tumors in Children
Reena M. Underiner, Mostafa Eltobgy, Joseph R. Stanek, Jonathan L. Finlay, Mohamed S. AbdelBaki
Pediatric Neurology.2020; 108: 106. CrossRef
Safety and feasibility of outpatient autologous stem cell transplantation in pediatric patients with primary central nervous system tumors
Jane Koo, Stacy Silverman, Brandon Nuechterlein, Amy K. Keating, Michael R. Verneris, Nicholas K. Foreman, Jean M. Mulcahy Levy
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Role of early and aggressive post-operative radiation therapy in improving outcome for pediatric central nervous system atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor
Wan-Chin Yang, Hsiu-Ju Yen, Muh-Lii Liang, Hsin-Hung Chen, Yi-Yen Lee, Tai-Tong Wong, Yu-Wen Hu, Yi-Wei Chen
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Tandem high-dose chemotherapy with topotecan–thiotepa–carboplatin and melphalan–etoposide–carboplatin regimens for pediatric high-risk brain tumors
Jung Yoon Choi, Hyoung Jin Kang, Kyung Taek Hong, Che Ry Hong, Yun Jeong Lee, June Dong Park, Ji Hoon Phi, Seung-Ki Kim, Kyu-Chang Wang, Il Han Kim, Sung-Hye Park, Young Hun Choi, Jung-Eun Cheon, Kyung Duk Park, Hee Young Shin
International Journal of Clinical Oncology.2019; 24(12): 1515. CrossRef
The impact on outcomes by using thiotepa in tandem transplant for pediatric high-risk embryonal brain tumors
Hsiu-Ju Yen, Ting-Yen Yu, Chih-Ying Lee, Giun-Yi Hung, Tzeon-Jye Chiou, Hsin-Hung Chen, Yi-Yen Lee, Muh-Lii Liang, Yi-Wei Chen
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Lisa L.R. Hartman, Derrick M. Oaxaca, Benjamin Carcamo, Harry L. Wilson, Jeremy A. Ross, Elisa Robles-Escajeda, Robert A. Kirken
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Tandem High-dose Chemotherapy and Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation in Children with Brain Tumors : Review of Single Center Experience
Ki Woong Sung, Do Hoon Lim, Hyung Jin Shin
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Elizabeth Anne Richardson, Ben Ho, Annie Huang
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Maria Otth, Katrin Scheinemann
Pediatric Blood & Cancer.2018;[Epub] CrossRef
Tandem High-Dose Chemotherapy and Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation for High-Grade Gliomas in Children and Adolescents
Ji Won Lee, Do Hoon Lim, Ki Woong Sung, Hyeong Jin Lee, Eun Sang Yi, Keon Hee Yoo, Hong Hoe Koo, Yeon-Lim Suh, Hyung Jin Shin
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Journal of Neuro-Oncology.2017; 132(1): 155. CrossRef
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BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine.2016;[Epub] CrossRef

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Clinical Analysis for Brain Tumor-Related Epilepsy during Chemotherapy for Systemic Cancer with Single Brain Metastasis: Young Zoon Kim, Eun Hee Lee, Kyoung Soo Lee; Cancer Res Treat. 2011;43(3):160-169. Published online September 30, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2011.43.3.160

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

PURPOSE
The purpose of this prospective observational study was to determine the incidence, patterns, and predisposing factors for brain tumor-related epilepsy (BTRE) during chemotherapy for systemic cancer with single brain metastasis (BM).
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Between February 2006 and June 2010, 103 patients who underwent chemotherapy for systemic cancer with single BM were enrolled. We compared the clinical factors of patients and BM between patients with and without BTRE. We determined the number of patients with BTRE attacks, and seizure-free survival according to the following comparative groups: presence vs. absence of a history of BTRE; high-risk vs. low-risk groups; and presence vs. absence of disease-progression of BM.
RESULTS
Ninety-three of 103 patients (90.3%) remained seizure-free during chemotherapy. The seizure-free rates were 88.9% and 91.0% among patients with or without a history of BTRE, respectively (p=0.694), 87.8% and 92.6% among high- and low-risk patients (p=0.427), respectively, and 62.5% and 98.7% among patients with or without disease-progression of BM (p=0.001), retrospectively. Based on multivariate analysis, the significance of abnormal findings on electroencephalogram (EEG) (p=0.017), and the absence of disease-progression of BM (p=0.001) had an association with seizure-free survival.
CONCLUSION
The significance of abnormal findings on EEG, and disease-progression of BM play important roles in the development of BTRE during chemotherapy for systemic cancer with BM.

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Analysis of prognostic factors and the role of epilepsy in neurosurgical patients with brain metastases
Matteo Maria Ottaviani, Maria Rossella Fasinella, Alessandro Di Rienzo, Maurizio Gladi, Lucia Giovanna Maria di Somma, Maurizio Iacoangeli, Mauro Dobran
Surgical Neurology International.2024; 15: 79. CrossRef
Tumor-associated epilepsy in patients with brain metastases: necrosis-to-tumor ratio forecasts postoperative seizure freedom
Majd Bahna, Muriel Heimann, Christian Bode, Valeri Borger, Lars Eichhorn, Erdem Güresir, Motaz Hamed, Ulrich Herrlinger, Yon-Dschun Ko, Felix Lehmann, Anna-Laura Potthoff, Alexander Radbruch, Christina Schaub, Rainer Surges, Johannes Weller, Hartmut Vatte
Neurosurgical Review.2022; 45(1): 545. CrossRef
Brain tumor–related epilepsy and risk factors for metastatic brain tumors: analysis of 601 consecutive cases providing real-world data
Kenichiro Asano, Seiko Hasegawa, Masashi Matsuzaka, Hiroki Ohkuma
Journal of Neurosurgery.2022; 136(1): 76. CrossRef

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The Role of Radiotherapy in the Treatment of Newly Diagnosed Supratentorial Low-grade Oligodendrogliomas: Comparative Analysis with Immediate Radiotherapy versus Surgery Alone: Hyun-Cheol Kang, Il Han Kim, Keun-Yong Eom, Jin Ho Kim, Hee-Won Jung; Cancer Res Treat. 2009;41(3):132-137. Published online September 28, 2009; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2009.41.3.132

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of immediate postoperative radiotherapy (RT) in adult patients with a low-grade oligodendroglioma (LODG).

Materials and Methods

A total of 74 patients, older than 15 years, were treated in our institution between April 1990 and March 2006 for newly diagnosed LODGs. After surgery, 43 patients were treated with immediate RT with a total dose of 54~55.8 Gy with 1.8 Gy fractions (RT group) and 31 patients were followed with no adjuvant RT (OP group). All patients were closely observed until tumor progression or death with frequent work-ups including neurological examinations and MRI. Primary endpoints were overall survival and progression-free survival. The median follow-up duration of survivors was 6.2 years in the RT group and 5.8 years in the OP group.

Results

Median progression-free survival was 13.2 years in the RT group and 4.6 years in the OP group; multivariate analysis confirmed improved outcome with the use of immediate RT (hazard ratio, 0.22; 95% confidence interval-CI, 0.09~0.55; p<0.001). Median overall survival was 14.9 years in the RT group and 9.8 years in the OP group; the use of adjuvant RT was also associated with a trend toward better overall survival after immediate RT based on multivariate analysis (hazard ratio, 0.3; 95% CI, 0.08~1.17; p=0.082). No severe RT related complications were observed.

Conclusion

Immediate RT following surgery appears to be an effective treatment modality for supratentorial LODGs. However, the potential benefit of adjuvant RT for overall survival needs to be tested prospectively in the future.

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A systematic review and meta-analysis informing the role of adjuvant radiotherapy (RT) in Grade 2 and 3 oligodendroglioma
Zhi Xuan Ng, Eng Siew Koh, Shing Fung Lee, Char Loo Tan, Kejia Teo, Andrea Wong, Simon S. Lo, Balamurugan Vellayappan
Journal of Clinical Neuroscience.2024; 126: 247. CrossRef
Oligodendrogliomas in Children: Clinical Experiences With 20 Patients
Chieh-Tsai Wu, Pei-Kwei Tsay, Tang-Her Jaing, Shih-Hsiang Chen, Chen-Kan Tseng, Shih-Ming Jung
Journal of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology.2016; 38(7): 555. CrossRef
Oligodendroglial Tumors
Kurt A. Jaeckle
Seminars in Oncology.2014; 41(4): 468. CrossRef
Favorable long-term outcome of low-grade oligodendrogliomas irrespective of 1p/19q status when treated without radiotherapy
Yasuo Iwadate, Tomoo Matsutani, Yuzo Hasegawa, Natsuki Shinozaki, Yoshinori Higuchi, Naokatsu Saeki
Journal of Neuro-Oncology.2011; 102(3): 443. CrossRef

8,692 View
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Occludin Expression in Brain Tumors and its Relevance to Peritumoral Edema and Survival: Min-Woo Park, Choong-Hyun Kim, Jin-Hwan Cheong, Koang-Hum Bak, Jae-Min Kim, Suck-Jun Oh; Cancer Res Treat. 2006;38(3):139-143. Published online June 30, 2006; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2006.38.3.139

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Purpose

Peritumoral brain edema (PTBE) is a serious causative factor that contributes the morbidity or mortality of brain tumors. The development of PTBE is influenced by many factors, including such tight junction proteins as occludin. We evaluated the PTBE volume and survival time with respect to the occludin expression in various pathological types of brain tumors.

Materials and Methods

Fresh-frozen specimens from sixty patients who had brain tumors were obtained during surgery and the tumors were confirmed pathologically. The occludin expression was investigated by Western blot analysis. The PTBE volume was measured by using preoperative magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, and the survival time in each patient was estimated retrospectively.

Results

Occludin was detected in 41 (68.3%) of the cases with brain tumors and it was not expressed in the other 19 (31.7%) cases. Although the lowest expression was revealed in high-grade gliomas, its expression was variable according to the pathology of the brain tumors (p>0.05). The difference of PTBE volume between occludin-positive and negative brain tumors was statistically significant (2072.46±328.73 mm³ vs. 7452.42±1504.19 mm³, respectively, p=0.002). The mean survival time was longer in the occludin-positive tumor group than in the occludin-negative group (38.63±1.57 months vs. 26.16±3.83 months, respectively; p=0.016).

Conclusions

This study suggests that the occludin expression is highly correlated to the development of PTBE in brain tumors and it might be a prognostic indicator for patient survival.

Citations

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Disease Markers.2020; 2020: 1. CrossRef
Intracerebral GM-CSF contributes to transendothelial monocyte migration in APP/PS1 Alzheimer’s disease mice
De S Shang, Yi M Yang, Hu Zhang, Li Tian, Jiu S Jiang, Yan B Dong, Ke Zhang, Bo Li, Wei D Zhao, Wen G Fang, Yu H Chen
Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism.2016; 36(11): 1978. CrossRef
Abnormal expression of an ADAR2 alternative splicing variant in gliomas downregulates adenosine-to-inosine RNA editing
Jun Wei, Zhaohui Li, Chao Du, Bin Qi, Xingli Zhao, Liping Wang, Lirong Bi, Guan Wang, Xuan Zhang, Xiaoyun Su, Yuzhuo Pan, Yu Tian
Acta Neurochirurgica.2014; 156(6): 1135. CrossRef
Evaluation of mast cells and hypoxia inducible factor-1 expression in meningiomas of various grades in correlation with peritumoral brain edema
Joanna Reszec, Adam Hermanowicz, Robert Rutkowski, Piotr Bernaczyk, Zenon Mariak, Lech Chyczewski
Journal of Neuro-Oncology.2013; 115(1): 119. CrossRef
Involvement of PI3K and ROCK signaling pathways in migration of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells through human brain microvascular endothelial cell monolayers
Mei-Na Lin, De-Shu Shang, Wei Sun, Bo Li, Xin Xu, Wen-Gang Fang, Wei-Dong Zhao, Liu Cao, Yu-Hua Chen
Brain Research.2013; 1513: 1. CrossRef

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