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Hematologic malignancy
Assessment of Bone Marrow Involvement in Extranodal NK/T-Cell Lymphoma: Positron Emission Tomography versus Bone Marrow Biopsy, and the Significance of Minimal Involvement by EBV+ Cells (KROG 18-09)
Tae Hoon Lee, Hyun Ju Kim, Jong Hoon Lee, Jeongshim Lee, Jin Hee Kim, Dongryul Oh, Keun-Yong Eom
Cancer Res Treat. 2024;56(2):688-696.   Published online December 11, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2023.1049
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Purpose
This study aims to investigate the diagnostic significance of positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) in assessing bone marrow (BM) involvement through a comparison of PET/CT findings with BM biopsy in extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma.
Materials and Methods
The medical records of 193 patients were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were categorized as having early-stage (PET-ES) or advanced-stage (PET-AS) disease based on PET/CT results. The BM involvement was classified into three groups according to BM biopsy: gross BM involvement, minimal BM involvement (defined as the presence of a limited number of Epstein-Barr virus–positive cells in BM), and no involvement. Calculations of the accuracy of PET/CT in detecting BM involvement and analysis of the clinical outcomes (progression-free survival [PFS] and overall survival [OS]) according to the BM biopsy status were performed.
Results
PET/CT exhibited a sensitivity of 64.7% and a specificity of 96.0% in detecting gross BM involvement. For detecting any (both gross and minimal) BM involvement, the sensitivity was 30.4%, while the specificity was 99.0%. Only one patient (0.7%) demonstrated gross BM involvement among the PET-ES group. Survival outcomes of the PET-ES group with minimal BM involvement (3-year PFS, 55.6%; OS, 77.0%) were closer to those of the PET-ES group with no BM involvement (3-year PFS, 62.2%; OS, 80.6%) than to those of the PET-AS group (3-year PFS, 20.1%; OS, 29.9%).
Conclusion
PET/CT exhibits high specificity, but moderate and low sensitivity in detecting gross and minimal BM involvement, respectively. The clinical significance of minimal BM involvement for patients in the PET-ES group may be limited.
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Genitourinary cancer
Oncological Outcomes in Men with Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Treated with Enzalutamide with versus without Confirmatory Bone Scan
Chang Wook Jeong, Jang Hee Han, Dong Deuk Kwon, Jae Young Joung, Choung-Soo Kim, Hanjong Ahn, Jun Hyuk Hong, Tae-Hwan Kim, Byung Ha Chung, Seong Soo Jeon, Minyong Kang, Sung Kyu Hong, Tae Young Jung, Sung Woo Park, Seok Joong Yun, Ji Yeol Lee, Seung Hwan Lee, Seok Ho Kang, Cheol Kwak
Cancer Res Treat. 2024;56(2):634-641.   Published online December 5, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2023.848
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReaderePub
Purpose
In men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC), new bone lesions are sometimes not properly categorized through a confirmatory bone scan, and clinical significance of the test itself remains unclear. This study aimed to demonstrate the performance rate of confirmatory bone scans in a real-world setting and their prognostic impact in enzalutamide-treated mCRPC.
Materials and Methods
Patients who received oral enzalutamide for mCRPC during 2014-2017 at 14 tertiary centers in Korea were included. Patients lacking imaging assessment data or insufficient drug exposure were excluded. The primary outcome was overall survival (OS). Secondary outcomes included performance rate of confirmatory bone scans in a real-world setting. Kaplan-Meier analysis and multivariate Cox regression analysis were performed.
Results
Overall, 520 patients with mCRPC were enrolled (240 [26.2%] chemotherapy-naïve and 280 [53.2%] after chemotherapy). Among 352 responders, 92 patients (26.1%) showed new bone lesions in their early bone scan. Confirmatory bone scan was performed in 41 patients (44.6%), and it was associated with prolonged OS in the entire population (median, 30.9 vs. 19.7 months; p < 0.001), as well as in the chemotherapy-naïve (median, 47.2 vs. 20.5 months; p=0.011) and post-chemotherapy sub-groups (median, 25.5 vs. 18.0 months; p=0.006). Multivariate Cox regression showed that confirmatory bone scan performance was an independent prognostic factor for OS (hazard ratio 0.35, 95% confidence interval, 0.18 to 0.69; p=0.002).
Conclusion
Confirmatory bone scan performance was associated with prolonged OS. Thus, the premature discontinuation of enzalutamide without confirmatory bone scans should be discouraged.

Citations

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  • ECM-mimicking hydrogel models of human adipose tissue identify deregulated lipid metabolism in the prostate cancer-adipocyte crosstalk under antiandrogen therapy
    Agathe Bessot, Joan Röhl, Maria Emmerich, Anton Klotz, Akhilandeshwari Ravichandran, Christoph Meinert, David Waugh, Jacqui McGovern, Jenni Gunter, Nathalie Bock
    Materials Today Bio.2025; 30: 101424.     CrossRef
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Gastrointestinal cancer
Genomic and Transcriptomic Characterization of Gastric Cancer with Bone Metastasis
Sujin Oh, Soo Kyung Nam, Keun-Wook Lee, Hye Seung Lee, Yujun Park, Yoonjin Kwak, Kyu Sang Lee, Ji-Won Kim, Jin Won Kim, Minsu Kang, Young Suk Park, Sang-Hoon Ahn, Yun-Suhk Suh, Do Joong Park, Hyung Ho Kim
Cancer Res Treat. 2024;56(1):219-237.   Published online August 11, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2023.340
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReaderePub
Purpose
Bone metastasis (BM) adversely affects the prognosis of gastric cancer (GC). We investigated molecular features and immune microenvironment that characterize GC with BM compared to GC without BM.
Materials and Methods
Targeted DNA and whole transcriptome sequencing were performed using formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded primary tumor tissues (gastrectomy specimens) of 50 GC cases with distant metastases (14 with BM and 36 without BM). In addition, immunohistochemistry (IHC) for mucin-12 and multiplex IHC for immune cell markers were performed.
Results
Most GC cases with BM had a histologic type of poorly cohesive carcinoma and showed worse overall survival (OS) than GC without BM (p < 0.05). GC with BM tended to have higher mutation rates in TP53, KDR, APC, KDM5A, and RHOA than GC without BM. Chief cell-enriched genes (PGA3, PGC, and LIPF), MUC12, MFSD4A, TSPAN7, and TRIM50 were upregulated in GC with BM compared to GC without BM, which was correlated with poor OS (p < 0.05). However, the expression of SERPINA6, SLC30A2, PMAIP1, and ITIH2 were downregulated in GC with BM. GC with BM was associated with PIK3/AKT/mTOR pathway activation, whereas GC without BM showed the opposite effect. The densities of helper, cytotoxic, and regulatory T cells did not differ between the two groups, whereas the densities of macrophages were lower in GC with BM (p < 0.05).
Conclusion
GC with BM had different gene mutation and expression profiles than GC without BM, and had more genetic alterations associated with a poor prognosis.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Targeted Sequencing in Gastric Cancer: Association with Tumor Molecular Characteristics and FLOT Therapy Effectiveness
    Liudmila V. Spirina, Alexandra V. Avgustinovich, Olga V. Bakina, Sergey G. Afanas’ev, Maxim Yu. Volkov, Sergey V. Vtorushin, Irina V. Kovaleva, Tatyana S. Klyushina, Igor O. Munkuev
    Current Issues in Molecular Biology.2024; 46(2): 1281.     CrossRef
  • SLC30A2-Mediated Zinc Metabolism Modulates Gastric Cancer Progression via the Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway
    Fan Li, Xiaohong Zhang, Li Feng, Xingxing Zhang
    Frontiers in Bioscience-Landmark.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Primary mucinous cystadenocarcinoma of the breast: A case report and literature review
    Xi Cao, Yongchao Luo, Songjie Shen, Xinyu Ren
    Oncology Letters.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • 4,108 View
  • 226 Download
  • 3 Web of Science
  • 3 Crossref
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Palliative medicine
Knockdown of EMMPRIN (OX47) in MRMT-1 Carcinoma Cells Inhibits Tumor Growth and Decreases Cancer-Induced Bone Destruction and Pain
Yanke Chen, Jing Luan, Ting Jiang, Donghui Cai, Chao Sun, Xiaofei Wang, Xiaoge Zhao, Xingchun Gou
Cancer Res Treat. 2021;53(2):576-583.   Published online October 29, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2020.801
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Purpose
Bone destruction and pain caused by cancer is one of the most devastating complications of cancer patients with bone metastases, and it seriously affects the quality of patients’ life. Extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer (EMMPRIN) is a cell adhesion molecule with increased expression in a variety of tumors. This study focused to clarify the specific function of EMMPRIN in bone metastasis of breast cancer.
Materials and Methods
Adenovirus with shRNA-EMMPRIN was transfected into MRMT-1 rat breast carcinoma cells, and the MRMT-1 cells with different expression levels of EMMPRIN were implanted into the bone marrow cavity of rat tibia. Next, the effect of down-regulation of EMMPRIN was evaluated as follows: bone damage was detected by X-ray radiological and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining; the tumor burden was evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin staining; the test of pain-related behaviors was assessed used the bilateral paw withdrawal mechanical threshold; and the levels of secretory factors in tumor conditioned medium were determined by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
Results
We found that down-regulation of EMMPRIN in tumor cells can simultaneously reduce tumor burden, relieve cancer-induced bone destruction and pain.
Conclusion

Materials and Methods
EMMPRIN is expected to be a therapeutic target for relieving bone metastasis of breast cancer and alleviating cancerinduced bone destruction and pain. The method of targeting EMMPRIN may be a promising strategy for the treatment of cancer in the future.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Matrix metalloproteinases as attractive therapeutic targets for chronic pain: A narrative review
    Xin-Yi Dai, Lin Liu, Fan-He Song, Shao-Jie Gao, Jia-Yi Wu, Dan-Yang Li, Long-Qing Zhang, Dai-Qiang Liu, Ya-Qun Zhou, Wei Mei
    International Journal of Biological Macromolecules.2024; 261: 129619.     CrossRef
  • The role and pharmacological properties of P2Y12 receptor in cancer and cancer pain
    Jia-ling Hu, Wen-jun Zhang
    Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy.2023; 157: 113927.     CrossRef
  • Cav3.2 T-Type calcium channels downregulation attenuates bone cancer pain induced by inhibiting IGF-1/HIF-1α signaling pathway in the rat spinal cord
    Qingying Liu, Zhongyuan Lu, Huan Ren, Lijun Fu, Yueliang Wang, Huilian Bu, Minyu Ma, Letian Ma, Chen Huang, Jian Wang, Weidong Zang, Jing Cao, Xiaochong Fan
    Journal of Bone Oncology.2023; 42: 100495.     CrossRef
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Simultaneous Detection of Disseminated and Circulating Tumor Cells in Primary Breast Cancer Patients
Andreas D. Hartkopf, Markus Wallwiener, Markus Hahn, Tanja N. Fehm, Sara Y. Brucker, Florin-Andrei Taran
Cancer Res Treat. 2016;48(1):115-124.   Published online February 16, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2014.287
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Purpose
Disseminated tumor cells (DTCs) from bone marrow (BM) are a surrogate of minimal residual disease (MRD) in primary breast cancer (PBC) patients and associated with an adverse prognosis. However, BM sampling is an invasive procedure. Although there is growing evidence that circulating tumor cells (CTCs) from the blood are also suitable for monitoring MRD, data on the simultaneous detection of DTCs and CTCs are limited. Materials and Methods We determined the presence of DTCs using immunocytochemistry and the pan-cytokeratin antibody A45-B/B3. CTCs were determined simultaneously using a reverse transcriptionpolymerase chain reaction–based assay (AdnaTest Breast Cancer) and CellSearch (at least one CTC per 7.5 mL blood). We compared the detection of DTCs and CTCs and evaluated their impact on disease-free and overall survival.
Results
Of 585 patients, 131 (22%) were positive for DTCs; 19 of 202 (9%) and 18 of 383 (5%) patients were positive for CTCs, as shown by AdnaTest and CellSearch, respectively. No significant association was observed between DTCs and CTCs (p=0.248 and p=0.146 as shown by AdnaTest and CellSearch, respectively). The presence of DTCs (p=0.046) and the presence of CTCs as shown by CellSearch (p=0.007) were predictive of disease-free survival. Conclusion Our data confirm the prognostic relevance of DTCs and CTCs in patients with PBC. As we found no significant relationship between DTCs and CTCs, prospective trials should include their simultaneous detection. Within those trials, the question of whether or not DTCs and CTCs are independent subpopulations of malignant cell clones should be determined by molecular characterization.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • A comprehensive review and meta-analysis of CTC isolation methods in breast cancer
    Alexey S. Rzhevskiy, Guzel R. Sagitova, Tamilla A. Karashaeva, Andrey O. Morozov, Anastasia S. Fatyanova, Vlada V. Kazantseva, Simon A. Joosse, Andrei V. Zvyagin, Majid Ebrahimi Warkini
    Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology.2025; 206: 104579.     CrossRef
  • High serum levels of leucine-rich α-2 glycoprotein 1 (LRG-1) are associated with poor survival in patients with early breast cancer
    Andy Göbel, Tilman D. Rachner, Oliver Hoffmann, Daniel Martin Klotz, Sabine Kasimir-Bauer, Rainer Kimmig, Lorenz C. Hofbauer, Ann-Kathrin Bittner
    Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics.2024; 309(6): 2789.     CrossRef
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    Silver Alkhafaji, Denise M. Wolf, Mark Jesus M. Magbanua, Laura J. van ‘t Veer, John W. Park, Laura Esserman, Rita A. Mukhtar
    npj Breast Cancer.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Kai Jannusch, Ann-Kathrin Bittner, Nils Martin Bruckmann, Janna Morawitz, Cleo Stieglitz, Frederic Dietzel, Harald H. Quick, Hideo A. Baba, Ken Herrmann, Lale Umutlu, Gerald Antoch, Julian Kirchner, Sabine Kasimir-Bauer, Oliver Hoffmann
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    Chelain R. Goodman, Corey W. Speers
    International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics.2021; 109(1): 44.     CrossRef
  • Disseminated tumour cells from the bone marrow of early breast cancer patients: Results from an international pooled analysis
    Andreas D. Hartkopf, Sara Y. Brucker, Florin-Andrei Taran, Nadia Harbeck, Alexandra von Au, Bjørn Naume, Jean-Yves Pierga, Oliver Hoffmann, Matthias W. Beckmann, Lisa Rydén, Tanja Fehm, Rebecca Aft, Montserrat Solà, Vincent Walter, Brigitte Rack, Florian
    European Journal of Cancer.2021; 154: 128.     CrossRef
  • The Role of Circulating Tumor Cells in the Metastatic Cascade: Biology, Technical Challenges, and Clinical Relevance
    Hassan Dianat-Moghadam, Mehdi Azizi, Zahra Eslami-S, Luis Enrique Cortés-Hernández, Maryam Heidarifard, Mohammad Nouri, Catherine Alix-Panabières
    Cancers.2020; 12(4): 867.     CrossRef
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    Taja Lozar, Klara Gersak, Maja Cemazar, Cvetka Grasic Kuhar, Tanja Jesenko
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  • The Prognostic Value of Circulating Tumor Cells in Primary Breast Cancer Prior to any Systematic Therapy: A Systematic Review
    Sepideh Mansouri, Parisa Mokhtari-Hesari, Fatemeh Naghavi-al-Hosseini, Keivan Majidzadeh-A, Leila Farahmand
    Current Stem Cell Research & Therapy.2019; 14(6): 519.     CrossRef
  • Synchronous Detection of Circulating Tumor Cells in Blood and Disseminated Tumor Cells in Bone Marrow Predicts Adverse Outcome in Early Breast Cancer
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  • Detection and prevalence of disseminated tumor cells from the bone marrow of early stage male breast cancer patients
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  • Expression of truncated human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 on circulating tumor cells of breast cancer patients
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    Breast Cancer Research.2015;[Epub]     CrossRef
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The Clinical Utility of FDG PET-CT in Evaluation of Bone Marrow Involvement by Lymphoma
Ho Young Kim, Ju-Seok Kim, Dae Ro Choi, Hyeong Su Kim, Jung Hye Kwon, Geun-Doo Jang, Jung Han Kim, Joo Young Jung, Hun Ho Song, Young Kyung Lee, Soo Kee Min, Hee Sung Hwang, Hwa Jung Kim, Dae Young Zang, Hyo Jung Kim
Cancer Res Treat. 2015;47(3):458-464.   Published online November 24, 2014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2014.091
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Purpose
Bone marrow biopsy is a standard method for the evaluation of bone marrow infiltration by lymphoma; however, it is an invasive and painful procedure. Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography–computed tomography (FDG PET-CT) is a noninvasive imaging technique with the potential to detect bone marrow involvement by lymphoma. Materials and Methods We retrospectively reviewed medical records of lymphoma patients. All patients were examined by FDG PET-CT and iliac crest bone marrow biopsy for initial staging work-up. Results The study population comprised 94 patients (median age, 60 years; 56 males) with Hodgkin’s lymphoma (n=8) or non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (n=86). Maximum standardized uptake values on the iliac crest of patients with lymphoma infiltrated bone marrow were significantly higher than those of patients with intact bone marrow (2.2±1.2 g/mL vs. 1.3±0.4 g/mL; p=0.001). The calculated values for FDG PET-CT during evaluation of bone marrow involvement were as follows: sensitivity 50%, specificity 96%, positive predictive value 80%, negative predictive value 85%, and positive likelihood ratio (LR+) 11.7. The value of LR+ was 16.0 in patients with aggressive subtypes of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL). Conclusion FDG PET-CT could not replace bone marrow biopsy due to the low sensitivity of FDG PET-CT for detection of bone marrow infiltration in lymphoma patients. Conversely, FDG PET-CT had high specificity and LR+; therefore, it could be a useful tool for image-guided biopsy for lymphoma staging, especially for aggressive subtypes of NHL. In addition, unilateral bone marrow biopsy could be substituted for bilateral bone marrow biopsy in lymphoma patients with increased FDG uptake on any iliac crest.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • FDG PET/CT versus Bone Marrow Biopsy for Diagnosis of Bone Marrow Involvement in Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma: A Systematic Review
    Jawaher Almaimani, Charalampos Tsoumpas, Richard Feltbower, Irene Polycarpou
    Applied Sciences.2022; 12(2): 540.     CrossRef
  • Comparison of the RECIST and EORTC PET criteria in the tumor response assessment: a pooled analysis and review
    Jung Han Kim, Bum Jun Kim, Hyun Joo Jang, Hyeong Su Kim
    Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology.2017; 80(4): 729.     CrossRef
  • Comparison of the RECIST and PERCIST criteria in solid tumors: a pooled analysis and review
    Seon Jeong Min, Hyun Joo Jang, Jung Han Kim
    Oncotarget.2016; 7(19): 27848.     CrossRef
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Clinical Outcome of Rituximab-Based Therapy (RCHOP) in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma Patients with Bone Marrow Involvement
Byung Woog Kang, Joon Ho Moon, Yee Soo Chae, Soo Jung Lee, Jong Gwang Kim, Yeo-Kyeoung Kim, Je-Jung Lee, Deok-Hwan Yang, Hyeoung-Joon Kim, Jin Young Kim, Young Rok Do, Keon Uk Park, Hong Suk Song, Ki Young Kwon, Min Kyung Kim, Kyung Hee Lee, Myung Soo Hyun, Hun Mo Ryoo, Sung Hwa Bae, Hwak Kim, Sang Kyun Sohn
Cancer Res Treat. 2013;45(2):112-117.   Published online June 30, 2013
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2013.45.2.112
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
PURPOSE
We investigated the clinical outcome of bone marrow (BM) involvement in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) who received rituximab-based therapy.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A total of 567 consecutive patients with newly diagnosed DLBCL treated with rituximab-CHOP (RCHOP) between November 2001 and March 2010 were included in the current study. All of the patients underwent a BM study at the initial staging and the clinical characteristics and prognosis of these patients with or without BM involvement were analyzed retrospectively.
RESULTS
The total cohort included 567 patients. The overall incidence of BM involvement was 8.5%. With a median follow-up duration of 33.2 months (range, 0.1 to 80.7 months) for patients who were alive at the last follow-up, the five-year overall survival (OS) and event-free survival (EFS) rate in patients without BM involvement (76.3% and 67.5%, p<0.001) was statistically higher than that in patients with BM involvement (44.3% and 40.1%, p<0.001). In multivariate analysis, among total patients, BM involvement showed a significant association with OS and EFS. In univariate and multivariate analyses, even among stage IV patients, a significant association with worse EFS was observed in the BM involvement group.
CONCLUSION
BM involvement at diagnosis affected the survival of patients with DLBCL who received RCHOP. Although use of RCHOP can result in significant improvement of the therapeutic effect of DLBCL, BM involvement is still a negative prognostic factor of DLBCL patients in the era of rituximab.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Combination of Bone Marrow Biopsy and Flow Cytometric Analysis: The Prognostically Relevant Central Approach for Detecting Bone Marrow Invasion in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma
    Haruya Okamoto, Nobuhiko Uoshima, Ayako Muramatsu, Reiko Isa, Takahiro Fujino, Yayoi Matsumura-Kimoto, Taku Tsukamoto, Shinsuke Mizutani, Yuji Shimura, Tsutomu Kobayashi, Eri Kawata, Hitoji Uchiyama, Junya Kuroda
    Diagnostics.2021; 11(9): 1724.     CrossRef
  • Assessment of CD52 expression in "double-hit" and "double-expressor" lymphomas: Implications for clinical trial eligibility
    Jeffrey W. Craig, Michael J. Mina, Jennifer L. Crombie, Ann S. LaCasce, David M. Weinstock, Geraldine S. Pinkus, Olga Pozdnyakova, Francesco Bertolini
    PLOS ONE.2018; 13(7): e0199708.     CrossRef
  • HIV-infection impact on clinical–biological features and outcome of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma treated with R-CHOP in the combination antiretroviral therapy era
    Maria Joao Baptista, Olga Garcia, Mireia Morgades, Eva Gonzalez-Barca, Pilar Miralles, Armando Lopez-Guillermo, Eugenia Abella, Miriam Moreno, Juan-Manuel Sancho, Evarist Feliu, Josep-Maria Ribera, Jose-Tomas Navarro
    AIDS.2015; 29(7): 811.     CrossRef
  • Non-Hodgkin Lymphomas: Impact of Rituximab on Overall Survival of Patients with Diffuse Large B-Cell and Follicular Lymphoma
    José Carlos Jaime-Pérez, Carmen Magdalena Gamboa-Alonso, Alberto Vázquez-Mellado de Larracoechea, Marisol Rodríguez-Martínez, César Homero Gutiérrez-Aguirre, Luis Javier Marfil-Rivera, David Gómez-Almaguer
    Archives of Medical Research.2015; 46(6): 454.     CrossRef
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Case Report
Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma in The External Auditory Canal: A Case Report
Jae Ho Chung, Seung Hwan Lee, Chul Won Park, Kyung Tae
Cancer Res Treat. 2012;44(4):275-278.   Published online December 31, 2012
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2012.44.4.275
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Mucoepidermoid carcinoma in the external auditory canal is extremely rare. Strategies used for treatment of mucoepidermoid carcinoma remain controversial. We present a case of mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the external auditory canal. The patient underwent lateral temporal bone resection and the surgical defect was obliterated with temporal muscle. He is currently disease-free, four years after surgery. Proper diagnostic measures and strategy for treatment of mucoepidermoid carcinoma are discussed.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Primary mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the external auditory canal with a CRTC1::MAML2 fusion: A case report and a review of literature
    Carlo De la Sancha, Matthew Kuhar, Adele Kraft, Ahmed K. Alomari
    Journal of Cutaneous Pathology.2023; 50(11): 947.     CrossRef
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    Mallory Raymond
    Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America.2023; 56(5): 965.     CrossRef
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    Brian Wanner, Kyle Rismiller, David R. Carr
    Archives of Dermatological Research.2022; 314(6): 583.     CrossRef
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    Mitchell R Gore
    Cureus.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Priyadharsini Nagarajan
    Head and Neck Pathology.2018; 12(3): 350.     CrossRef
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    Andrés Coca-Pelaz, Juan P. Rodrigo, Asterios Triantafyllou, Jennifer L. Hunt, Alessandra Rinaldo, Primož Strojan, Missak Haigentz, William M. Mendenhall, Robert P. Takes, Vincent Vander Poorten, Alfio Ferlito
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    Sampath Chandra Prasad, Flavia D’Orazio, Marimar Medina, Andrea Bacciu, Mario Sanna
    Current Opinion in Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery.2014; 22(2): 154.     CrossRef
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Original Articles
Clinical Outcome of Gastric Cancer Patients with Bone Marrow Metastases
Ji Yeon Kwon, Jina Yun, Han Jo Kim, Kyoung-Ha Kim, Se-Hyung Kim, Sang-Cheol Lee, Hyun Jung Kim, Sang Byung Bae, Chan Kyu Kim, Nam Su Lee, Kyu Taek Lee, Seong Kyu Park, Jong-Ho Won, Dae Sik Hong, Hee Sook Park
Cancer Res Treat. 2011;43(4):244-249.   Published online December 27, 2011
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2011.43.4.244
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
PURPOSE
The prognosis of gastric cancer patients with bone marrow metastases is extremely poor. The current study was conducted to evaluate the clinical outcomes of advanced gastric cancer patients with bone marrow metastases.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 26 advanced gastric cancer patients with bone marrow metastases who were treated at Soonchunhyang University Hospital between September 1986 and February 2009.
RESULTS
The median age was 46 years (range, 24 to 61 years). All patients had poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma, including 17 signet ring cell carcinomas. The majority of the patients had thrombocytopenia, anemia, and elevated lactate dehydrogenase levels. Sixteen patients (61.5%) received palliative chemotherapy (median, 4 cycles; range, 1 to 13 cycles). The median overall survival after detection of bone marrow metastases for the cohort of patients was 37 days (95% confidence interval, 12.5 to 61.5 days). The median overall survival after detection of bone marrow involvement was 11 days in the best supportive care group (range, 2 to 34 days) and 121 days (range, 3 to 383 days) in the palliative chemotherapy group (p<0.001). The causes of death were tumor progression (11 patients, 45%), brain hemorrhage (6 patients, 25%), infection (5 patients, 21%), and disseminated intravascular coagulation (1 patient, 4%). There were no chemotherapy-related deaths.
CONCLUSION
Palliative chemotherapy could be considered in advanced gastric cancer patients with bone marrow metastases as a treatment option.

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Assessment of Chemotherapy Response Using FDG-PET in Pediatric Bone Tumors: A Single Institution Experience
Dong Hwan Kim, Seung Yeon Kim, Hyeon Jeong Lee, Bong Sup Song, Dong Ho Kim, Joong Bum Cho, Jung Sub Lim, Jun Ah Lee
Cancer Res Treat. 2011;43(3):170-175.   Published online September 30, 2011
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2011.43.3.170
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
PURPOSE
Response to neo-adjuvant chemotherapy is an important prognostic factor for osteosarcoma (OS) and the Ewing sarcoma family of tumors (ESFT). [F-18]-fluorodeoxy-D-glucose (FDG)-positron emission tomography (PET) is a non-invasive imaging modality that predicts histologic response to chemotherapy of various malignancies; however, limited data exist about the usefulness of FDG-PET in predicting the histologic response of pediatric bone tumors to chemotherapy. We analyzed the FDG-PET imaging characteristics of pediatric bone tumors and determined the association with response to chemotherapy.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Pediatric patients with OS (n=19) or ESFT (n=17) were evaluated for FDG-PET standard uptake values before (SUV1) and after (SUV2) chemotherapy. The relationship to the chemotherapy response was assessed by histopathology in surgically-excised tumors. A complete data set (SUV1, SUV2, and histologic response) was available in 23 patients.
RESULTS
While the mean SUV1s were not different between patients with OSs and ESFTs (9.44 vs. 6.07, p=0.24), the SUV2s were greater in the patients with OSs than ESFTs (4.55 vs. 1.66, p=0.01). The ratios of SUV2-to-SUV1 (SUV2 : SUV1) were 0.65 and 0.35 for OS and ESFT, respectively (p=0.08). All of the patients with ESFTs and 47% of the patients with OS had a favorable histologic response to chemotherapy. The SUV2 : 1 [(SUV1-SUV2)/SUV1]> or =0.5 and SUV2< or =2.5 were related to favorable histologic responses to chemotherapy; the sensitivity and specificity of SUV2 : 1 at 0.5 and SUV2 at 2.5 were 93% and 88%, and 88% and 78%, respectively.
CONCLUSION
FDG-PET can be used as a non-invasive surrogate to predict response to chemotherapy in children with bone tumors.

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Implications of Bone-Only Metastases in Breast Cancer: Favorable Preference with Excellent Outcomes of Hormone Receptor Positive Breast Cancer
Su Jin Lee, Silvia Park, Hee Kyung Ahn, Jun Ho Yi, Eun Yoon Cho, Jong Mu Sun, Jeong Eon Lee, Seok Jin Nam, Jung-Hyun Yang, Yeon Hee Park, Jin Seok Ahn, Young-Hyuck Im
Cancer Res Treat. 2011;43(2):89-95.   Published online June 30, 2011
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2011.43.2.89
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
PURPOSE
The aim of the current study was to determine the incidence, clinical presentation, and treatment outcomes of "bone-only metastases" in patients with breast cancer and to analyze the impact of hormone receptor (HR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) status on prognosis.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Between 1994 and 2007, of 968 patients with metastatic breast cancer who underwent palliative management at Samsung Medical Center, 565 (57%) relapsed with distant metastases. Of the 968, 146 (15%) had bone-only metastases during a median follow-up period of 75 months. Among the 146 patients with bone-only metastases, 122 (84%) were relapsed patients after curative surgery and 24 (26%) were initially metastatic cases.
RESULTS
The median time from primary surgery to bone-only metastases of the 122 patients was 37 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 27 to 46 months). Bone-only metastases were more common in the HR-positive group than in the other subtypes (85% for HR+; 8.2% for HER2+; 6.8% for triple negative. Among all 146 patients, 75 (51%) were treated with hormone therapy. The median post-relapse progression-free survival was 15 months (95%CI, 13 to 17 months). The median overall survival was much longer in the HR+ patients than the HER2+ and triple negative breast cancer patients with marginal statistical significance (65 vs. 40 vs. 40 months, p=0.077).
CONCLUSION
Breast cancer patients with "bone-only metastases" had excellent clinical outcomes. Further study is now warranted to reveal the underlying biology that regulates the behavior of this indolent tumor, as it should identify 'favorable tumor characteristics' in addition to 'favorable preferential metastatic site.'

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The Bone Morphogenesis Protein-2 (BMP-2) is Associated with Progression to Metastatic Disease in Gastric Cancer
Yong Park, Jee Won Kim, Dae Sik Kim, Eui Bae Kim, Se Jong Park, Jin Yong Park, Woo Suk Choi, Jong Gyu Song, Hee Yun Seo, Sang Cheul Oh, Byung Soo Kim, Jong Jae Park, Yeul Hong Kim, Jun Suk Kim
Cancer Res Treat. 2008;40(3):127-132.   Published online September 30, 2008
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2008.40.3.127
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Purpose

Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMPs) are members of the TGF-β superfamily and it has been demonstrated that BMPs enhance migration, invasion and metastasis. The purpose of this study was to identify the association between the serum BMP-2 level and the progression status of gastric cancer.

Materials and Methods

Fifty-five patients with metastatic gastric cancer (metastatic disease group), six patients with early gastric cancer without lymph node metastasis (the EGC group), and ten healthy control subjects were enrolled in this study. The serum BMP-2 level was quantified by use of a commercially available ELISA kit. In EGC group patients and patients with metastatic disease, whole blood was obtained before endoscopic mucosal resection and before the commencement of a scheduled cycle of systemic chemotherapy, respectively.

Results

No significant difference in the mean serum BMP-2 levels was observed between the control subjects and the EGC group patients (87.95 pg/ml for the control subjects and 84.50 pg/ml for the EGC group, p=1.0). However, the metastatic disease group patients had a significantly higher level of serum BMP (179.61 pg/ml) than the control subjects and EGC group patients (87.95 pg/ml for the control subjects and 84.50 pg/ml for the EGC group, p<0.0001). Moreover, the mean serum BMP-2 level from patients with a bone metastasis was significantly higher than the mean serum BMP-2 level from patients without a bone metastasis (204.73 pg/ml versus 173.33 pg/ml, p=0.021).

Conclusions

BMP-2 seems to have a role in progression to metastatic disease in gastric cancer, especially in the late stage of tumorigenesis, including invasion and metastasis. BMP-2 may facilitate bone metastasis in gastric cancer. To confirm these findings, further studies are required with tissue specimens and the use of a cancer cell line.

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    Yo-taro Shirai, Shogo Ehata, Masakazu Yashiro, Kazuyoshi Yanagihara, Kosei Hirakawa, Kohei Miyazono
    The American Journal of Pathology.2011; 179(6): 2920.     CrossRef
  • Metastatic function of BMP-2 in gastric cancer cells: The role of PI3K/AKT, MAPK, the NF-κB pathway, and MMP-9 expression
    Myoung Hee Kang, Sang Cheul Oh, Hyun Joo Lee, Han Na Kang, Jung Lim Kim, Jun Suk Kim, Young A. Yoo
    Experimental Cell Research.2011; 317(12): 1746.     CrossRef
  • Downregulation of hemojuvelin prevents inhibitory effects of bone morphogenetic proteins on iron metabolism in hepatocellular carcinoma
    Ulrike Maegdefrau, Stephanie Arndt, Georgi Kivorski, Claus Hellerbrand, Anja-Katrin Bosserhoff
    Laboratory Investigation.2011; 91(11): 1615.     CrossRef
  • Coding polymorphisms of bone morphogenetic protein 2 contribute to the development of childhood IgA nephropathy
    JIN-SOON SUH, WON-HO HAHN, JONG SEOK LEE, HAE JEONG PARK, MI-JA KIM, SUNG WOOK KANG, JOO-HO CHUNG, BYOUNG-SOO CHO
    Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine.2011; 2(2): 337.     CrossRef
  • Bone morphogenetic protein-2 levels are elevated in the patients with gastric cancer and correlate with disease progression
    Yong Park, Myoung Hee Kang, Hee Yeon Seo, Joong Min Park, Chul Won Choi, Yeul Hong Kim, In Sun Kim, Jun Suk Kim, Sang Cheul Oh
    Medical Oncology.2010; 27(4): 1192.     CrossRef
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    Ashok Singh, Rebecca J. Morris
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  • BMP2 accelerates the motility and invasiveness of gastric cancer cells via activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway
    Myoung Hee Kang, Jun Suk Kim, Ji Eun Seo, Sang Cheul Oh, Young A. Yoo
    Experimental Cell Research.2010; 316(1): 24.     CrossRef
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Case Report
Unusual Presentation of Large B Cell Lymphoma- Bone and Stomach- Treated with Autologous Transplantation
Bokyung Kim, Sung Yong Oh, Suee Lee, Hyuk-Chan Kwon, Sung-Hyun Kim, Sook Hee Hong, Sung-Soo Kim, Hyo-Jin Kim
Cancer Res Treat. 2007;39(4):181-184.   Published online December 31, 2007
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2007.39.4.181
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub

Extranodal presentation of diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBL) is frequently observed in the gastrointestinal tract, CNS, bone, testes and liver. However, the simultaneous detection of multiple extranodal involvement at presentation is quite an uncommon occurrence. In this study, we report on a patient with an uncommon presentation of DLBL, and he had symptoms of left knee joint pain and hematemesis, characterized by bone and stomach involvement. Computed tomography and fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) scanning revealed a rapid, extensive spread to the bones and soft tissues. Subsequent histopathological examination verified the bony and gastric CD20-positive DLBL localization. We diagnosed this case as DLBL of stage IV with an international prognostic index of 3, and classified him into the high intermediate risk group. This patient was treated via chemotherapy with an R-CHOP regimen. After achieving a partial response, the patient received autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation. The patient attained partial remission, as shown on the FDG-PET scan, and he displayed improvement of his left femur pain.

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Original Articles
Bone Metastasis from Primary Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Characteristics of Soft Tissue Formation
Sangwon Kim, Mison Chun, Heejung Wang, Sungwon Cho, Young-Taek Oh, Seung-Hee Kang, Juno Yang
Cancer Res Treat. 2007;39(3):104-108.   Published online September 30, 2007
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2007.39.3.104
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Purpose

To assess the characteristics of bone metastasis from hepatocellular carcinoma and the radiation field arrangement based on imaging studies.

Materials and Methods

Fifty-three patients (84 lesions) with bone metastasis from a primary hepatocellular carcinoma completed palliative radiation therapy. All patients underwent one of following imaging studies prior to the initiation of radiation therapy: a bone scan, computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging. The median radiation dose was 30 Gy (7~40 Gy). We evaluated retrospectively the presence of soft tissue formation and the adjustment of the radiation field based on the imaging studies.

Results

Soft tissue formation at the site of bony disease was identified from either a CT/MRI scan (41 lesions) or from a symptomatic palpable mass (5 lesions). The adjustment of the radiation field size based on a bone scan was necessary for 31 of 41 soft tissue forming lesions (75.6%), after a review of the CT/MRI scan. The median survival from the initial indication of a hepatoma diagnosis was 8 months (2 to 71 months), with a 2-year survival rate of 38.6%. The median survival from the detection of a bone metastasis was 5 months (1 to 38 months) and the 1-year overall survival rate was 8.7%.

Conclusion

It was again identified that bone metastasis from a primary hepatocellular carcinoma is accompanied by soft tissue formation. From this finding, an adjustment of the radiation field size based on imaging studies is required. It is advisable to obtain a CT or MRI scan of suspected bone metastasis for better tumor volume coverage prior to the initiation of radiation therapy.

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A Study for Correlation between Bone Marrow Micrometastases and Tumoric Angiogenesis in Breast Cancer
N S Choi, Y J Jaegal, J H Youn, C S Park
J Korean Cancer Assoc. 2000;32(2):253-260.
AbstractAbstract PDF
PURPOSE
Since some reports that tumoric angiogenesis in breast cancer is significantly correlated with the presence of local or distant metastases, many clinicians determined the tumoric angiogenesis just as one of the prognostic factors. However, a consistent role of tumoric angiogenesis in metastatic progression was not completely resolved yet. We tried to evaluate the direct relationship between tumoric angiogenesis and bone marrow micrometastases to reveal the actual contribution of tumoric angigenesis to systemic spread of cancer cells in breast cancer patients.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Seventy patients with breast cancer who underwent curative surgical resection were included in this study. We observed the micrometastases in bone marrow with RT-PCR method targeting to mRNA for cytokeratin and tumoric angiogenesis with image analyzer technique followed by immunohistochemical staining to CD 34 from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded specimens.
RESULTS
Incidence of bone marrow micrometastases was 17.1% (12/70) in surgically curable breast cancer patients. Possibility of bone marrow micrometastases tend to be increasing with an association of the presence of axillary lymph node invasion (P=0.03). High tumoric angiogenesis is associated with a high risk of bone marrow micrometastases (P=0.039).
CONCLUSION
High tumoric angiogenesis is necessary for bone marrow micrometastases but, not sufficient by itself. A further study may need to reveal other factors contributing the bone marrow spread of cancer cells, assoiciated with angiogenesis.
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Autologous or Allogeneic Bone Marrow Transplantation Compared with Consolidation Chemotherapy in Acute promyelocytic Leukemia
Chang Ki Min, Woo Sung Min, Hee Je Kim, Hyun Suk Eom, Jong Wook Lee, Kyungja Han, Ihl Bhong Choi, Chun Choo Kim, Won IL Kim, Dong Jip Kim
J Korean Cancer Assoc. 1999;31(2):331-338.
AbstractAbstract PDF
PURPOSE
Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is a distinct subtype of acute myelogenous leukemia characterized by the morphology of blast cells (M3 in FAB classification), the t (15;17) translocation, and a coagulopathy combining disseminated intravascular coagulation and fibrinolysis. It has been considered to have better response to combination chemo- therapy of an anthracycline and cytosine arabinoside and a higher cure rate than other subtypes because of recent approach of differentiating leukemic blasts by all-transretinoic acid (ATRA). The role of stem cell transplantation in APL has to be determined in comparison with that of consolidation chemotherapy.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
We compared the leukemia-free survival and overall survival between APL patients receiving the consolidation chemotherapy and those undergoing the allogeneic or autologous stem cell transplantation following the high-dose anticancer therapy. Of the 65 patients achieving the first complete remission from 1992 to 1997, 33 patients were treated with 3 courses of consolidation chemotherapies and 32 with the stem cell transplantation.
RESULTS
With a median follow-up of 22 months (8-60), the actuarial leukemia-free survival at 3 years was significantly higher in transplantation group than in chematherapy group (73.8% versus 33.5%; P=0.0087), and the probability of leukemic relapse was considerably lower in transplantation group than in chemotherapy group (6.3% versus 57.5%; P=0.001). The treatment-related mortalities of the groups were 0% in chemotherapy group and 14.3% in transplantation group. The main cause of deaths was relapse in the consolidation chemotherapy group.
CONCLUSION
These data demonstrate that the stem cell transplantation results in better leukemia-free survival than the consolidation chemotherapy for patients with APL in the first complete remission because of lower risk of relapse.
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Leukemic Red Marrow Changes Assessed by Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Before and Following Chemotherapy
Dong Gun Shin, Hoon Chung, Jong Ki Kim, Young Hwan Rhee
J Korean Cancer Assoc. 1998;30(5):1014-1020.
AbstractAbstract PDF
PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to investigate the possibilities for serial in vivo localized proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) examination of bone marrow in patients with acute le,ukemia.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Selective measurements of the relaxation times Tl and T2 for the water and fat resonance in the bone marrow spectra were performed (1.5 Tesla whole body magnetic resonance scanner). Six patients with acute leukemia were examined at diagnosis. Follow-up examinations of four patients with acute leukemia in complete remission were also examined. Six normal control subjects were examined with identical methods for comparison.
RESULTS
Significant differences could be detected in the spectral patterns from lumbar spine in patients with leukemia at diagnosis compared to healthy normal controls. The relative water content was increased in leukemic patients compared to normal subjects, which indicate an increase in the amount of hemopoietic tissue and a corresponding decrease in marrow fat content. A significant correlation was found between cellularity assessments derived from conventional bone marrow core biopsies and relative water content of proton MRS data. The Tl relaxation time of the water resonance in leukemic patients were significantly prolonged at diagnosis compared to normal controls. After chemotherapeutic induction of remission, the spectra from the bone marrow of lumbar spine resembled normal subjects.
CONCLUSIONS
This method provide the possibility for serial measurements of bone marrow in patients with leukemia, and may provide information from regions inaccessible to bone marrow biopsy. This therefore appears to be a promising application of proton MRS that can be performed on a routine basis in a clinical setting.
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Prognostic Significance of Histologic Features, DNA Content, Expression of Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen (PCNA), c-fos Protein and Transforming Growth Factor (TGF)-alpha and -beta in Giant Cell Tumor of Bone
Hee Kyung Chang, Sung Hun Yoon, Jae Do Kim, Man Ha Huh
J Korean Cancer Assoc. 1997;29(2):266-279.
AbstractAbstract PDF
PURPOSE
This study was attempted to investigate the prevalence of the expression of c-fos protein, TGF-alpha and -beta, PCNA , DNA ploidy pattern and histopathological parameters of giant cell tumor (GCT) of bone and to correlate with prognosis and to extend our understanding on tumorigenesis of GCT.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Twenty eight cases of paraffin-embedded tissue were studied, classified as recurrent (5 cases) and non-recurrent group (12cases) within the limits of the cases which afforded surgical material on first operation.
RESULTS
No significant difference was observed in cellularity of stromal cells, atypia of stromal and giant cells, presence of hemorrhage and necrosis between recurrent and non-recurrent group. However, presence of more than 10 mitotic figures in 10 high power fields in recurrent group was significantly higher than non-recurrent group (p<0.05). The immunoreactivity for PCNA was seen only in nuclei of stromal cells, whereas nuclei of giant cells showed negative staining. The positivity of PCNA revealed no significant difference between non-recurrent (mean; 40.9%) and recurrent group (34.4%). The expression of c-fos oncogene was seen in 5 cases (100%) in recurrent group, and 8 cases (66.7%) in non-recurrent group, and no significant difference was seen. No significant difference of expression of TGF-alpha was seen in 5 cases (100%) in recurrent group and in 11 cases (91.7%) in non-recurrent group. The expression of TGF-beta in stromal cells was significantly higher in non-recurrent group (80%) compared to recurrent group (100%) (p<0.05). In DNA analysis out of 18 cases, 4 cases (22.2%) were aneuploidy and 14 cases (77.8%) were diploidy. Among 4 aneuploidy cases, 3 cases (75%) had no recurrence, and 1 case (25%) had metastasis to lung and expired. No significant difference of DNA ploidy pattern was seen between the recurrent and non-recurrent group.
CONCLUSION
Presence of more than 10 mitotic figures in 10 high power fields and less expression of TGF-beta are related to higher possibility of recurrence and it is suggested that the number of mitotic figure (more than 10/10HPF) and expression of TGF-beta could be helpful parameters in predicting recurrence of GCT.
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Quantitative Correlation between the Biochemical Markers and The Extent of Metastatic Bone Tumors
Soo Kyung Kim, Deok Su Cho, Hyun Seon Baek, Se Hwa Kim, Min Chul Kim, Sung Hye Shin, Young Hee Lee, Joo Hung Park
J Korean Cancer Assoc. 1997;29(2):257-265.
AbstractAbstract PDF
PURPOSE
We investigated the usefulness of urinary pyridinoline (uPyr) and deoxypyridinoline (uDpyr) and serum osteocalcin as markers of bone metastasis, particularly focussing on quantitative correlation between the degree of bone metastasis and the level of biochemical markers.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
By using ELISA method we measured the levels of uPyr, uDpyr, and osteocalcin in 100 cancer patients of whom 58 patients had bone metastasis, 42 had no bone metastasis, and 44 control subjects.
RESULTS
There was a significant difference in uPyr level between the patients with bone metastasis and the patients without bone metastasis or control group (mean+/-SD, 70.26+/-43.11 vs 38.93+/-21.48 or 25.13+/-8.81 nM/mM Creatinine, p<0.05). And uDpyr level showed more significant elevation in the patients with bone metastasis than in the patients without bone metastasis and in control group (12.63+/-7.51 vs 6.44+/-3.58 and 4.23+/-1.70 nM/mM Creatinine p<0.05). Osteocalcin level showed no significant difference among groups. We could demonstrate a significant quantitative correlation between the extent of bone metastasis and the amount of uPyr (r=0.7482, p<0.001) or uDpyr (r=0.5992, p<0.001).
CONCLUSION
uPyr and uDpyr were significantly increased in metastatic bone tumors and quantitatively correlated well with the extent of bone metastasis. Therefore we can use these two markers as an evidence of bone metastasis. Further studies are recommended to decide the usefulness of these markers in the early detection of bone metastasis and in the assessment of response to antiresorptive treatments.
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A Case of Solitary Bone Plasmacytoma of the Middle Cranial Fossa
Soo Mee Bang, Won Sup Lee, In Ho Kim, Dae Seog Heo, Yung Jue Bang, Dae Hee Han, Noe Kyeong Kim
J Korean Cancer Assoc. 1997;29(1):182-182.
AbstractAbstract PDF
Solitary plasmacytoma consists of solitary bone plasmacytoma (SBP) and extramedullary plasmacytoma. Its frequency is about 7% among the total plasma cell neoplasm. Solitary bone plasmacytoma of the cranial cavity occurs in 0~18% of patients with SBP. We experienced a case of SBP originated from the middle cranial fossa in a 68-year-old man. After surgical removal of the mass, biopsy specimen revealed plasmacytoma, kappa type. There was no evidence of systemic involvement. Additional radiotherapy was performed. Twenty-one months after the diagnosis of SBP, pathologic fracture of the left humerus happened. Biopsy specimen of the operation revealed same diagnosis. At that time, Bence Jones proteinuria was detected in immuno-electrophoresis of urine and simple bone X-rays showed multiple osteolytic lesions.A case of SBP of the orbit and middle cranial fossa in a 68-year-old man is presented and the literature is reviewed.
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Hepatocelluar Carcinomas Presenting as Bone Metastasis
Jun Myeong Kim, Woo Ick Jang, Sa Joon Hong, Jong Inn Lee, Kwang Seon Song, Dong Ki Lee, Sang Ok Kwon, Young Hak Shim
J Korean Cancer Assoc. 1994;26(1):41-46.
AbstractAbstract PDF
We report here five cases of hepatocellular carcinoma with symptomatic bone meatastasis as initial presentation. All patients were men ranging from 60 to 73 years of age. Initial presentations were the result of pelvic mass(l case), chest wall mass(1 case), spinal cord compression (2 case) and pathologic fracture of femur(l case). Of these 5 cases, bone metastasis commonly involved in ribs(5 cases) and in spine(4 cases). Actually, hepatocellular carcinoma presented as symptomatic bone metastasis is extremely rare, eventhough bone metastasis from hepatocellular carcinoma is found in 3% to 20% at autopsy. Prognosis is generally poor but palliative treatment with surgery and/or radiation can be considered.
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The Suppressive Effect of Dehydroepiandrosterone on the Induction of Preneoplastic Lesion in Murine Hepatocarcinogenesis
Chung Yong Kim, Soo Tae Kim, Sang Chul Park, Kye Yong Song, Kuhn Uk Lee
J Korean Cancer Assoc. 1994;26(1):46-62.
AbstractAbstract PDF
Tumor suppressive effect of dehydroepiandrosterone(DHEA) on the experimentally induced hepatocellular carcinoma was illustrated, for which the molecular mechanism was studied in the aspect of cellular re#gulation of preneoplastic lesion, especially focusing on apoptosis. For the purpose, we used the murine chemical hepatocarcinogenic procedure of Solt-Farber on Sprague-Dawley rats. Experimental groups were divided into control, AA, AD and AAD groups. The AA group was the standard diethylnitrosamine(DEN) and 2-acetylaminofluorene (AAF) group, while the AD group was DHEA added group simultaneously with AAF and the AAD group was DHEA added group after the treatment with AAF. Each group was divided into nine subgroups according to the time schedule with four weeks interval after the administration of DEN. The results were analyzed by body weight, apoptotic bodies, immunohistochemical studies with anti-glutathione-S-transferase-P(GST-P) antibody and anti-TGase antibody, and biochem- ical methods. The results were summarized as follows; 1) AD and AAD groups compared with control groups showed the less increaae of body weight during DHEA treatment. 2) GST-P positive foci were detected in all subgroups, but AD groups showed the significantly decreased area of GST-P positive foci than AA groups, and this effect last to G 9(P<0.05). AAD groups showed the similar effect of decreasing. GST-P positive foci as AD groups in G 9. 3) Western blot analysis of GST-P positive foci showed comparable outcome to immunohistochemical study. 4) Anti-TGase antibody staining of apoptotic bodies(ABs) in GST-P positive foci were confirmed by pathologic and immunohistochemical studies. 5) In G 1 and G 2, AD groups showed higher activities of TGase than AA groups(P<0.05), which was confirmed by Western blot analysis using anti-TGase antibody. These results suggest that the suppressive effect of DHEA on the experimentally induced murine hepatocellular carcinoma is operating on the promotion process of carcinogenesis probably through induction of apoptosis in the Preneoplastic lesion in relation with activation of transglutaminase Rene. Words: DHEA, Apoptosis, Hepatocellular carcinoma, TGase, GST-P
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High - dose Chemotherapy Followed by Autologous Bone Marrow Transplantation in High - risk Osteosarcoma and Ewing's Sarcoma
Ji Youn Han, Han Lim Moon, Dong Wook Kim, Jong Wook Lee, Jong Youl Jin, Chi Wha Han, Woo Sung Min, Chong Won Park, Choon Choo Kim, Dong Jip Kim, Hak Ki Kim, Young Gyun Woo, Jung Man Kim
J Korean Cancer Assoc. 1995;27(3):475-482.
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose
The poor histologic response to standard chemotherapy, a large tumor mass(more than 10 cm) at the time of the initial diagnosis, and tumors in axial bones are the risk factors for the relapse in sarcomas with preoperative and/or postoperative standard chemotherapy and curative surgery. Ta overcome these problems, high-dose chemotherapy and stem cell rescue with autologous bone marrow transplantation were done in four osteogenic and Ewings sarcomas. Methods: Bone-marrow harvest, cryopreservation and CFU-GM assay were done as described previously. As a high-dose chemotherapy, melphalan(160 mg/m) or ifosfamide(7,500 mg2/m)+etoposide(600mg/m) + carboplatin(600 mg/m(2)) were used. Bone marrow infusion and supportive cares were followed until the hematalogic recovery. Results: 1) The number of infused mononuclear cells and CFU-GM colonies were 0.8-2.9 x 10(8)/kg and 0.1-1.2 x 10(4)/kg, respectively. 2) The duration of absolute neutropenia(<500/mm(3)) and thrombocytopenia(<50,000/mm(3)) were 8-23 days and 0-25 days, respectively. 3) All but one had febrile neutropenia for 2 7 days due to sepsis and pneumonia. There waa no therapy associated death. 4) All patients had complete response and the duration of disease free survival was 5(+)-51(+) months. Of the four patients in complete response, one subsequently relapsed in scalp l0 months after transplantation and died 6 months later due to progression of disease. Conclasion: It seems that high-dose chemotherapy with atologous bone marrow transplantation is feasible in high-risk osteosarcoma and Ewing's sarcoma and the responsiveness to chemotherapy may be the most important factor to predict the prognosis.
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Strontium - 89 Treatment for Painful Bone Matastasis
Jin Sil Seong, Jong Doo Lee, Sung Joon Hong, Gwi Eon Kim
J Korean Cancer Assoc. 1995;27(5):797-804.
AbstractAbstract PDF
There are few options for treating painful bone metastasis in multiple sites. Hemibody irradiation, although effective, is limited due to the serious hematologic toxicity. Therefore, use of radiophamaceuticals has been attemyted particularly for the osteoblastic bone metastasis. Strontium-89 (Sr-89) ia a pure beta emitter with its energy 1.4 MeV. It follows the biochemical pathways of calcium and selectively concentrates at the metastatic bone sites with minimai hematologic toxicity. From l993 to 1994, Sr-89 treatment has been performed in 8 patients with painful bone metastaeis from either prostate (6 patients) or breast cancers (2 patients) The patients had the initial level of WBC 3000/L, platelets 100,000/L, and normal renal function. Four mCi(l48 MBq) of Sr-89 was intravenously iniected and the patients were regularly followed with blood cell count test, simple bone x-ray, and radioisotpe bone scan. The changes of subjective pain were scored in 6 patients until the time of this report. Excellent pain relief was achieved in all except 1 patient, who died 1 month after Sr-89 treatment due to advanced disease. Accordingly, the amount of the analgesics intake by the patients showed corresponding decrease. There was slight decrease in the level of WBCs and plateletes at 2-6 weeks after Sr-89 treetment, however those soon recovered with conservative management. Above results show that the Sr-89 treatment can provide effective palliation in petients with painful bone metastasis with acceptable toxicity. However, further study is urgent to establish its indication, timinh and combination with local radiotherapy.
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Clinical Results of Allogeneic Bone Marrow Transplantation in Adults ( 2 ) : 1992 ~ 1995
Seok Goo Cho, Ik Joo Chung, Jung Hyun Choi, jing Hong You, Dogn Wook Kim, Chi Hwa Han, Woo Sung Min, Whan Sik Sin, Chong Won Park, Cjun Choo Kim, Dong Jip Kim, In Ah Kim, Su Mi Chung, Ihl Bhong Choi
J Korean Cancer Assoc. 1996;28(2):308-316.
AbstractAbstract PDF
Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation has been accepted as a powerful therapeutic modality to overcome for successfull clinical reuslts in malignant hematologic disease and severe aplastic anemia in spite of various barriers. We analysed 62 patients who had been admitted to Catholic BMT Center and have performed since malignant hematologic disesaes and severe aplastic anemia were determined to be the subject of National Public Health Care Program(between Oct. l992 and Mar. 1995). Number of patients with acute myelogenous leukemia(AML), acute lymphoblastic leukemia(ALL), chronic myelogenous leukemia(CML) and severe aplastic anemia(SAA) were 17, 4, 21, 20 respectively. We have used pretransplant conditionig regimens which were consisted of total body irradiation(TBI, fractionated 1320 cGy) and cyclophosphamide(CY, 120mg/kg) in leukemic disease(39/42) and anti-thymocyte globulin(ATG, 1.5 vial/10kg, Pasteur Merieux), CY(200mg/kg) and procar- baziine(6.25 mg/kg for 6 days, rutulard, Roche) in SAA(17/20). Cyclosporin A and short course methotrexate were used to prevent graft-versus-host disease(GVHD). Disease-free overall survival rate was 71% in aute leukemia, 67% in CML and 85% in SAA respectively. Maior complications were acute GVHD<35% grade I-IV among them, grade III-IV 14.5%),CMV antigenemia(l1.2%), herpes zoster(9.6%), veno-occlussive disease(8%), TTP-like syndrome(4.8%), chronic GVHD(3%) and interstitial pneumonia(1.6%). Major causes of death were leukemic relapse(9.7%), primary engraftment failure/rejection(6.5%), acute GVHD(3%) and TTP-like syndrome(3%). We suggest again that allogeneic BMT should be considered as the effective therapeutic modality to cure malignant hematologic diseases and aplastic anemia. For the purpose of obtaining better clinical outcome of allogeneic BMT, it should be early performed as soon as possible in clinial course.
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