Purpose
Lymph node metastasis (LNM) is a strong prognostic factor in many solid cancers, including head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC), and LNM can be dependent upon primary tumor biology, as well as tumor dimension. Here, we investigate the relative risk of LNM in accordance to tumor dimension and biology in HNSCC subsites.
Materials and Methods
Medical data of 295 HNSCC patients who had undergone the initial curative surgery (oral tongue 174, oropharynx 75, hypopharynx 46) were analyzed to identify the significant predictive factor for LNM. Tumor volume and thickness were set as tumor dimensional variables, and biological variables included lymphovascular, perineural invasion, and tumor differentiation. Statistical analyses were conducted to assess the predictability of LNM from variables, and subgroup analyses according to the tumor subsites. In addition, we evaluated the impacts of tumor dimension and biological variables on the treatment outcomes and survival in HNSCC subsites.
Results
The overall tumor dimension and biological variables had a similar impact on the prediction of LNM in HNSCC (area under curve, 0.7682 and 0.7717). The prediction sensitivity of LNM in oral tongue cancer was mainly dependent on tumor dimension, while LNM in oro- and hypo-pharynx cancers was more influenced by biological factors. Survival analyses also confirmed that biological factor was more powerful in estimating disease-free survival of hypopharyngeal cancer patients, while tumor dimension was more significant in that of oral cancer patients.
Conclusion
Tumor dimension and biology have a significant, tumor subsite-dependent impact on the occurrence of LNM and disease-free survival in HNSCC.
Citations
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Cancer Res Treat. 2015;47(4):823-833. Published online January 2, 2015
Purpose
Apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1/redox factor-1 (APE1/Ref-1) is a multifunctional protein that shows elevated expression in a number of cancers. We attempted to determine whether serum APE1/Ref-1 is elevated in patients with bladder cancer.
Materials and Methods
Serum APE1/Ref-1 levels were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in serum from patients with bladder cancer who had not received chemotherapy or radiotherapy (n=51) and non-tumor controls (n=55). The area under the receiver operating characteristic area under the curve was applied to determine the correlation between clinical factors and the serum levels of APE1/Ref-1.
Results
Serum levels of APE1/Ref-1 in bladder cancer patients were significantly elevated compared to those of the control group (3.548±0.333 ng/100 μL [n=51] for bladder cancer vs. 1.547±0.319 ng/100 μL [n=55] for the control group), with a sensitivity and specificity of
93% and 59%, respectively. Serum APE1/Ref-1 levels are associated with tumor stage, grade, muscle invasion, and recurrence.
Conclusion
Serum APE1/Ref-1 might be useful as a potential serologic biomarker for bladder cancer.
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Igor Tsaur, Anika Noack, Jasmina Makarevic, Elsie Oppermann, Ana Maria Waaga-Gasser, Martin Gasser, Hendrik Borgmann, Tanja Huesch, Kilian M. Gust, Michael Reiter, David Schilling, Georg Bartsch, Axel Haferkamp, Roman A. Blaheta
Cancer Res Treat. 2015;47(2):306-312. Published online October 13, 2014
Purpose Prostate specific antigen is not reliable in diagnosing prostate cancer (PCa), making the identification of novel, precise diagnostic biomarkers important. Since chemokines are associated with more aggressive disease and poor prognosis in diverse malignancies, we aimed to investigate the diagnostic relevance of chemokines in PCa. Materials and Methods Preoperative and early postoperative serum samples were obtained from 39 consecutive PCa patients undergoing radical prostatectomy. Serum from 15 healthy volunteers served as controls. Concentrations of CXCL12, CXCL13, CX3CL1, CCL2, CCL5, and CCL20 were measured in serum by Luminex. The expression activity of CXCR3, CXCR4, CXCR5, CXCR7, CXCL12, CXCL13, CX3CR1, CXCL1, CCR2, CCR5, CCR6, CCR7, CCL2, and CCL5 mRNA was assessed in tumor and adjacent normal tissue of prostatectomy specimens by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. The associations of these chemokines with clinical and histological parameters were tested. Results The gene expression activity of CCL2 and CCR6 was significantly higher in tumor tissue compared to adjacent normal tissue. CCL2 was also significantly higher in the blood samples of PCa patients, compared to controls. CCL5, CCL20, and CX3CL1 were lower in patient serum, compared to controls. CCR2 tissue mRNA was negatively correlated with the Gleason score and grading. Conclusion Chemokines are significantly modified during tumorigenesis of PCa, and CCL2 is a promising diagnostic biomarker.
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RETRACTED: Elevated Expression Levels of PC3-Secreted Microprotein (PSMP) in Prostate Cancer Associated With Increased Xenograft Growth and Modification of Immune-Related Microenvironment Xiaolei Pei, Danfeng Zheng, Shaoping She, Zhiwei Fang, Shiying Zhang, Hao Hu, Kexin Xu, Ying Wang Frontiers in Oncology.2019;[Epub] CrossRef
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Inflammation and prostate cancer: friends or foe? Gianluigi Taverna, Elisa Pedretti, Giuseppe Di Caro, Elena Monica Borroni, Federica Marchesi, Fabio Grizzi Inflammation Research.2015; 64(5): 275. CrossRef
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