Cancer Research and Treatment

Erratum

ERRATUM: Prognostic Implications of Extranodal Extension in Relation to Colorectal Cancer Location: Chan Wook Kim, Jihun Kim, Yangsoon Park, Dong-Hyung Cho, Jong Lyul Lee, Yong Sik Yoon, In Ja Park, Seok-Byung Lim, Chang Sik Yu, Jin Cheon Kim; Cancer Res Treat. 2021;53(3):893-893. Published online June 8, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2018.392.E; Corrects: Cancer Res Treat 2019;51(3):1135

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Crosstalk Between Immunity and Oncogenes Within the Tumor Microenvironment of HPV-Associated Cervical Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Reham Alahmadi, Halah Al Rawi, Maaweya Awadalla, Bashayer Saeed, Basma Abdelazeem, Huda Alshanbari, Bandar Alosaimi
OncoTargets and Therapy.2025; Volume 18: 899. CrossRef

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Original Articles

Prognostic Implications of Extranodal Extension in Relation to Colorectal Cancer Location: Chan Wook Kim, Jihun Kim, Yangsoon Park, Dong-Hyung Cho, Jong Lyul Lee, Yong Sik Yoon, In Ja Park, Seok-Byung Lim, Chang Sik Yu, Jin Cheon Kim; Cancer Res Treat. 2019;51(3):1135-1143. Published online November 29, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2018.392; Correction in: Cancer Res Treat 2021;53(3):893

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Purpose
Extranodal extension (ENE) is closely associated with the aggressiveness of both colon and rectal cancer. This study evaluated the clinicopathologic significance and prognostic impact of ENE in separate populations of patients with colon and rectal cancers.
Materials and Methods
The medical records of 2,346 patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) who underwent curative surgery at our institution between January 2003 and December 2011 were clinically and histologically reviewed.
Results
ENE was associated with younger age, advanced tumor stage, lymphovascular invasion (LVI), and perineural invasion (PNI) in both colon and rectal cancer. ENE rates differed significantly in patients with right colon (36.9%), left colon (42.6%), and rectal (48.7%) cancers (right vs. left, p=0.037; left vs. rectum, p=0.009). The 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) rate according to ENE status and primary tumor site differed significantly in patients with ENE-negative colon cancer (80.5%), ENE-negative rectal cancer (77.4%), ENE-positive colon cancer (68.6%), and ENE-positive rectal cancer (64.2%) (p<0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that advanced tumor stage, ENE, LVI, PNI, and absence of adjuvant chemotherapy were independently prognostic of reduced DFS in colon and rectal cancer patients.
Conclusion
ENE is closely associated with the aggressiveness of colon and rectal cancers, with its frequency increasing from the right colon to the left colon to the rectum. ENE status is a significant independent predictor of DFS in CRC patients irrespective of tumor location. ENE might be more related with distally located CRC.

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Tumour deposits are associated with worse survival than extranodal extension; a network meta‐analysis on tumour nodules in colorectal cancer
Nelleke P M Brouwer, Shannon van Vliet, Joanna IntHout, Johannes H W De Wilt, Femke Simmer, Niek Hugen, Iris D Nagtegaal
Histopathology.2025; 86(4): 485. CrossRef
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Radha Raman Mondal, Subrata Sahu, Sudip Haldar, Samir Bhattacharyya, Arnab Gupta
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Chongshun Liu, Mengxiang Tian, Haiping Pei, Fengbo Tan, Yuqiang Li
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Scientific Reports.2020;[Epub] CrossRef

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Prognostic Significance of Defining L-Cell Type on the Biologic Behavior of Rectal Neuroendocrine Tumors in Relation with Pathological Parameters: The Gastrointestinal Pathology Study Group of Korean Society of Pathologists, Jin Hee Sohn, Mee-Yon Cho, Yangsoon Park, Hyunki Kim, Woo Ho Kim, Joon Mee Kim, Eun Sun Jung, Kyoung-Mee Kim, Jae Hyuk Lee, Hee Kyung Chan, Do Youn Park, Mee Joo, Sujin Kim, Woo Sung Moon, Mi Seon Kang, So-Young Jin, Yun Kyung Kang, Sun Och Yoon, HyeSeung Han, EunHee Choi; Cancer Res Treat. 2015;47(4):813-822. Published online February 26, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2014.238

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Purpose
In 2010, the World Health Organization categorized L-cell type neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) as tumors of uncertain malignancy, while all others were classified as malignant. However, the diagnostic necessity of L-cell immunophenotyping is unclear, as are tumor stage and grade that may guide diagnosis and management. To clarify the predictive markers of rectal neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs), 5- and 10-year overall survival (OS) was analyzed by pathological parameters including L-cell phenotype. Materials and Methods A total of 2,385 rectal NENs were analyzed from our previous multicenter study and a subset of 170 rectal NENs was immunophenotyped.
Results
In univariate survival analysis, tumor grade (p < 0.0001), extent (p < 0.0001), size (p < 0.0001), lymph node metastasis (p=0.0063), and L-cell phenotype (p < 0.0001) showed significant correlation with the prognosis of rectal NENs; however, none of these markers achieved independent significance in multivariate analysis. The 10-year OS of tumors of NET grade 1, < 10 mm, the mucosa/submucosa was 97.58%, 99.47%, and 99.03%, respectively. L-Cell marker, glucagon II (GLP-1&2), with a cut off score of > 10, is useful in defining L-Cell type. In this study, an L-cell immunophenotype was found in 83.5% of all rectal NENs and most, but not all L-cell type tumors were NET G1, small (< 10 mm) and confined to the mucosa/submucosa. Conclusion From these results, the biological behavior of rectal NENs does not appear to be determined by L-cell type alone but instead by a combination of pathological parameters.

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