Cancer Research and Treatment

Cancer of Unknown Primary Finally Revealed to Be a Metastatic Prostate Cancer: A Case Report: Jung Yeon Cho, Eun Jin Shim, In Seon Kim, Eun Mi Nam, Moon Young Choi, Kyung Eun Lee, Yeung Chul Mun, Chu Myoung Seoung, Soon Nam Lee, Dong Eun Song, Woon Sup Han; Cancer Res Treat. 2009;41(1):45-49. Published online March 31, 2009; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2009.41.1.45

The vast majority of patients with metastatic prostate cancer present with bone metastases and high prostate specific antigen (PSA) level. Rarely, prostate cancer can develop in patients with normal PSA level. Here, we report a patient who presented with a periureteral tumor of unknown primary site that was confirmed as prostate adenocarcinoma after three years with using specific immunohistochemical examination. A 64-year old man was admitted to our hospital with left flank pain associated with masses on the left pelvic cavity with left hydronephrosis. All tumor markers including CEA, CA19-9, and PSA were within the normal range. After an exploratory mass excision and left nephrectomy, the pelvic mass was diagnosed as poorly differentiated carcinoma without specific positive immunohistochemical markers. At that time, we treated him as having a cancer of unknown primary site. After approximately three years later, he revisited the hospital with a complaint of right shoulder pain. A right scapular mass was newly detected with a high serum PSA level (101.7 ng/ml). Tissues from the scapular mass and prostate revealed prostate cancer with positive immunoreactivity for P504S, a new prostate cancer-specific gene. The histological findings were the same as the previous pelvic mass; however, positive staining for PSA was observed only in the prostate mass. This case demonstrates a patient with prostate cancer and negative serological test and tissue staining that turned out to be positive during progression. We suggest the usefulness of newly developed immunohistochemical markers such as P504S to determine the specific primary site of metastatic poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma in men.

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A Unique Case of Prostate Carcinoma Presenting as Retroperitoneal Lymphadenopathy With Normal Levels of Prostate-Specific Antigen and a Prostate of Normal Size: A Case Report
Swapnil Patil, Mayank Mundada, Pradnya M Diggikar, Raju Hansini Reddy, Sree Vidya Yekkaluru
Cureus.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Prostate cancer metastasis to the distal phalanx of the left hallux: The first confirmed case and literature review
Xinbing Sui, Yan Hu, Cheng Zhang, Hongming Pan, Da Li
Oncology Letters.2016; 12(2): 1074. CrossRef
Metastasis of prostate carcinoma in the mandible manifesting as numb chin syndrome
Secil Aksoy, Kaan Orhan, Sebnem Kursun, Mehmet Eray Kolsuz, Berkan Celikten
World Journal of Surgical Oncology.2014;[Epub] CrossRef

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The Prognostic Significance of the Overexpression of HER-2/ neu in Korean Gastric Carcinomas and the In Vitro Effects of Anti-HER-2/neu Antibody on Cell Growth in the Gastric Carcinoma Cell Lines: Seock Ah Im, Kyung Eun Lee, Eunmi Nam, Seung Hyun Nam, Do Yeun Kim, Chu Myong Seong, Hae Young Park, Woon Sup Han, Ju Young Seoh, Soon Nam Lee; Cancer Res Treat. 2003;35(2):109-116. Published online April 30, 2003; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2003.35.2.109

Abstract PDF

PURPOSE
The HER2 gene encodes a 185-kd transmembrane glycoprotein receptor (p185(HER2)) that has partial homology with the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and shares intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity. The HER2 gene has been found to be amplified in various human cancers and to be associated with poor prognosis. The authors investigated the correlation between clinicopathologic factors and the overexpression of the p185(HER2) in Korean gastric adenocarcinoma patients, and determined whether the antiproliferative effects of anti- p185(HER2) antibody can also be observed on gastric cancer cell lines that overexpress this growth factor receptor. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We evaluated the relationship between p185(HER2) overexpression and clinicopathological features in 94 (M: F=52: 42) gastric adenocarcinoma patients (median age 59 years). Protein expression was analysed by immunohistochemical staining in paraffin embedded tissues with monoclonal antibody for p185(HER2). To explore the role of humanized anti-p185(HER2) monoclonal antibody trastuzumab (Herceptin ) in vitro, the growth curve of Korean gastric cancer cells that overexpress the p185(HER2) protein was studied and a cell cycle analysis was performed. RESULTS: p185(HER2) overexpression correlates positively with lymph node metastasis (p=0.002), distant metastasis (p=0.01), AJCC classification (p=0.01), higher relapse rate p=0.001), and a tendential association with the pT stage (p=0.054). p185(HER2) overexpression was found to be more frequent in advanced gastric cancer than early gastric cancer (54.1% vs 24.2%, p=0.008). Patients with overexpression of p185(HER2) were found to have significantly lower relapse-free (p=0.003) and overall survival (p= 0.0004) than patients without overexpression. Among several Korean gastric cancer cell lines, SNU-1, SNU-5, and SNU-620 overexpress p185(HER2). Trastuzumab inhibited the proliferation of p185(HER2) overexpressed Korean gastric cancer cell line by 21% with down-regulation of p185(HER2) protein expression. DNA fluorescence flow cytometry of propidium iodide-stained nuclei showed a reduction in the fraction of the S phase following treatment with trastuzumab. CONCLUSIONS: Taken together, our observations suggest the potential prognostic significance of p185(HER2) overexpression in Korean gastric adenocarcinoma patients and point to the need for further research on this mechanism. This suggests the possible use of p185(HER2) as a therapeutic target in gastric cancer.

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A case of pathological complete regression in combined modality treatment of resectable Her2/neu-positive gastric cancer
A. V. Avgustinovich, S. G. Afanasyev, L. V. Spirina, E. V. Kaygorodova, R. V. Ermolenko, E. N. Samtsov, I. G. Frolova, O. V. Cheremisina
Siberian journal of oncology.2024; 23(1): 170. CrossRef
The Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology (CSCO): clinical guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of gastric cancer
Feng‐Hua Wang, Lin Shen, Jin Li, Zhi‐Wei Zhou, Han Liang, Xiao‐Tian Zhang, Lei Tang, Yan Xin, Jing Jin, Yu‐Jing Zhang, Xiang‐Lin Yuan, Tian‐Shu Liu, Guo‐Xin Li, Qi Wu, Hui‐Mian Xu, Jia‐Fu Ji, Yuan‐Fang Li, Xin Wang, Shan Yu, Hao Liu, Wen‐Long Guan, Rui‐Hu
Cancer Communications.2019; 39(1): 1. CrossRef
The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio prechemotherapy and postchemotherapy as a prognostic marker in metastatic gastric cancer
Hyunho Kim, Sang Mi Ro, Ji Hyun Yang, Joon Won Jeong, Ji Eun Lee, Sang Young Roh, In-Ho Kim
The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine.2018; 33(5): 990. CrossRef
Potential Prognostic Significance of p185HER2 Overexpression with Loss of PTEN Expression in Gastric Carcinomas
Seock-Ah lm, Kyung Eun Lee, Eunmi Nam, Do Yeun Kim, Joo-Ho Lee, Ho-Seong Han, Ju-Young Seoh, Hae-Young Park, Min-Sun Cho, Woon Sup Han, Soon Nam Lee
Tumori Journal.2005; 91(6): 513. CrossRef

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A Case of Primary Gastric Choriocarcinoma Presenting with Amenorrhea: Seung Hyun Nam, Seock Ah Im, Ki Sun Bae, In Sook Kang, Jung Mi Kwon, Kyung Eun Lee, Hye Sung Moon, Sun Hee Sung, Woon Sup Han, Chu Myong Seong, Soon Nam Lee; Cancer Res Treat. 2002;34(6):457-460. Published online December 31, 2002; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2002.34.6.457

Abstract PDF

Primary gastric choriocarcinomas are very rare, and their prognosis is extremely poor. A 37-year-old woman presented with amenorrhea, vaginal spotting and severe nausea, which mimicked a pregnancy and gestational trophoblastic disease. The serum level of the beta-subunit of human chorionic gonadotrophin (beta-hCG) was significantly increased. An endoscopic biopsy of the stomach mass showed the features of a choriocarcinoma, with marked anaplasia and necrosis. Immunohistochemical staining for beta-hCG showed positive results in the choriocarcinoma. Chemotherapy for the choriocarcinoma was administered, but she died 8 months following diagnosis.

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Primary Gastric Choriocarcinoma: Two Case Reports and Review of the Literatures
Jung Ho Yoon, Min Soo Kim, Eun Hee Kook, Se Han Ahn, Se Young Jeong, Min Sung Han, Jung Kwon Huh, Hye Jin Kang, Im Il Na, Soo Youn Cho, Sang Bum Kim, Baek Yeol Ryoo, Sung Hyun Yang
Cancer Research and Treatment.2008; 40(3): 145. CrossRef

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Correlation of Radiologic and Pathologic Lymph Non Involvement with TIMP-2 ( tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase-2 ) in Gastric and Colon Carcinomas: Soo Youn Ham, Jong Hwa Lee, Byung Kyun Ko, Hong Rae Cho, Dae Wha Choi, Chang Woo Nam, Sung Sook Kim, Woon Sup Han, Min Young Kim; J Korean Cancer Assoc. 1999;31(1):9-15.

Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
To evaluate the correlation between the expression of TIMP-2 (tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase-2) and negative lymph node involvement of colon and gastric carcinoma.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
We studied 26 cases (13 each) of gastric and colon carcinoma specimens along with dissected lymph nodes by immunohistochemical staining to investigate the correlation of the expression of TIMP-2. Lymph nodes involvement by CT scan was defined by size criteria and the presence of central low density.
RESULTS
Eight cases with positive lymph node involvement by CT scan showed weak expression of TIMP-2. Ten cases with positive lymph node involvement had weak expression of TIMP-2. Among eight cases with strong expression of TIMP-2 7 patients were negative by radiologic exam. Good correlation between strong TIMP-2 expression and negative lymph node involvement by CT scan was found (<0.05).
CONCLUSION
As the expression of TIMP-2 had a good correlation with radiologic involvement of lymph nodes, the study of expression of TIMP-2 in patients with stomach and colon carcinoma might be helpful in planning surgery and predicting the prognosis.

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A Case of Concurrent Occurrence of Small Cell Carcinoma and Adenocarcinoma in the Stomach: Ki Nam Shim, Sa Young Park, Sun Young Lee, Jin Hyuk Choi, Soon Nam Lee, Woon Sup Han; J Korean Cancer Assoc. 1995;27(3):513-521.

Abstract PDF: Frimary small cell careinoma of the stomach is an extremely rare disease. It has similar clinical behavior with small cell cardnoma of lung, which shows aggressive course with rapid and wide dissemination and very poor prognosis. We report a case of concurrent occurrence of primary small cell carcinoma and adeno- carcinoma in the stomach with multiple intraaMominal metastases, which had responded to combination chemotherapy with 5-FU, VP-16, and Cisplatin.

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A Study for PLC-γl Expression in Exprimentally Induced Cirrhosis and Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Jung Weon Shim, Sung Sook Kim, Woon Sup Han, Hae Kyung Ahn, Young Euy Park, Pann Ghill Suh; J Korean Cancer Assoc. 1995;27(5):761-773.

Abstract PDF: Phospholipase C-rl(PLC-rl) plays a significant role in signal transduction for cellular activity, such as proliferation and differentiation. The concept that PLC-rl may be involved in carcinogenesis is supported by recent observations: its expression is highly increased in breast and colon cancer, but decreased in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC). The aim of present study was to analyze the role of PLC-rl in hepatic carcinogenesis. PLC-rl expression was studied chronologically in cirrhotic and neoplastic lesion and the preventive effect of vitamin A in HCC was examined. Seventy five Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with NNM in drinking water(20 mg/100 ml) and were divided into four groups: group I received NNM alone, group II, NNM+vitamin A. group III, vitamin A alone, and group IV received no treatment. The liver tissue obtained was investigated by gross and microscopic examination, and expression of PLC-rl was studied with immunohistochemistry, immunoprecipitation and immunoblot. Results are as follows: l) The first identifiable pathologic lesion could be found at 4 months in the group I and at 5 months in the group II. 2) The overexpression of FLC-rl was detectable in cirrohtic lesion but, negative expression in HCC, in immunohistochemical study. 3) More expression of PLC-rl was detectable in cirrhotic lesion, but, less in HCC, in immunoprecipitation and immunoblot study. 4) The development of HCC was so eignificantly low(P<0.00l) in group II comparing to group I that preventive effect of vitamin A in the development of HCC could be suggested. In conclusion, an important role of FLC-rl in hepatic carcinogenesis could be suggested as demonstration of the alternation of PLC-rl expression in preneoplastic and neoplastic lesion.

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