Cancer Research and Treatment

Original Articles

Breast cancer

Elevated Expression of RIOK1 Is Correlated with Breast Cancer Hormone Receptor Status and Promotes Cancer Progression: Zhiqi Huang, Xingyu Li, Tian Xie, Changjiang Gu, Kan Ni, Qingqing Yin, Xiaolei Cao, Chunhui Zhang; Cancer Res Treat. 2020;52(4):1067-1083. Published online May 8, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2020.187

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Purpose
RIOK1 has been proved to play an important role in cancer cell proliferation and migration in various types of cancers—such as colorectal and gastric cancers. However, the expression of RIOK1 in breast cancer (BC) and the relationship between RIOK1 expression and the development of BC are not well characterized. In this study, we assessed the expression of RIOK1 in BC and evaluated the mechanisms underlying its biological function in this disease context.
Materials and Methods
We used immunohistochemistry, western blot and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction to evaluate the expression of RIOK1 in BC patients. Then, knockdown or overexpression of RIOK1 were used to evaluate the effect on BC cells in vitro and in vivo. Finally, we predicted miR-204-5p could be a potential regulator of RIOK1.
Results
We found that the expression levels of RIOK1 were significantly higher in hormone receptor (HR)–negative BC patients and was associated with tumor grades (p=0.010) and p53 expression (p=0.008) and survival duration (p=0.011). Kaplan-Meier analysis suggested a tendency for the poor prognosis. In vitro, knockdown of RIOK1 could inhibit proliferation, invasion, and induced apoptosis in HR-negative BC cells and inhibited tumorigenesis in vivo, while overexpression of RIOK1 promoted HR-positive tumor progression. MiR-204-5p could regulate RIOK1 expression and be involved in BC progression.
Conclusion
These findings indicate that RIOK1 expression could be a biomarker of HR-negative BC, and it may serve as an effective prognostic indicator and promote BC progression.

Citations

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Establishment of a 5-gene risk model related to regulatory T cells for predicting gastric cancer prognosis
Gang Hu, Ningjie Sun, Jiansong Jiang, Xiansheng Chen
Cancer Cell International.2020;[Epub] CrossRef

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Effects of Triterpenoid Glycosides from Fresh Ginseng Berry on SW480 Human Colorectal Cancer Cell Line: Jing-Tian Xie, Guang-Jian Du, Eryn McEntee, Han H. Aung, Hui He, Sangeeta R. Mehendale, Chong-Zhi Wang, Chun-Su Yuan; Cancer Res Treat. 2011;43(1):49-55. Published online March 31, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2011.43.1.49

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PURPOSE
The pharmacological activities, notably the anticancer properties, of bioactive constituents fromfresh American ginseng berry have not yet been well studied. In this study, we investigated the antiproliferative effects of fresh American ginseng berry extract (AGBE) and its representative triterpenoid glycosides using the human colorectal cancer cell line SW480.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), the contents of 8 ginsenosides in AGBE were determined. The cell growth inhibitory effects of AGBE and three triterpenoid glycosides (ginsenosides Rb3, Re, and Rg3) were evaluated by proliferation assay and 3H-thymidine incorporation assay. Cell cycle and apoptotic effects were analyzed by using flow cytometry after staining with propidium iodide and annexin V.
RESULTS
HPLC analysis data showed that AGBE has a distinct ginsenoside profile. AGBE inhibited SW480 cell growth significantly in a time-dependent (24-96 hours) and concentration-dependent (0.1-1.0 mg/mL) manner. Ginsenosides Rb3, Re, and Rg3 also possess significant antiproliferative activities on SW480 cells. 3H-thymidine incorporation assay indicated that AGBE and ginsenosides Rb3, Re, and Rg3 might inhibit the transferring and duplication of DNA in SW480 cells. Flow cytometric assay data suggested that AGBE arrested SW480 cells in S and G2/M phases, and significantly induced cell apoptosis.
CONCLUSION
AGBE and ginsenosides Rb3, Re, and Rg3 possessed significant antiproliferative effects and induced changes of morphological appearance on SW480 cells. The mechanisms of the antiproliferation of AGBE and tested ginsenosides involved could be cell cycle arrest and induction of apoptosis.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

A systematic review of ginsenoside biosynthesis, spatiotemporal distribution, and response to biotic and abiotic factors in American ginseng
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Food & Function.2024; 15(5): 2343. CrossRef
Ginsenoside Re Suppress the Proliferation and Migration of MCF-7 Human Breast Cancer Cells
Jin-Nyoung Ho
Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition.2024; 53(3): 233. CrossRef
Comprehensive phytochemicals analysis and anti‐myocardial ischemia activity of total saponins of American ginseng berry
Le Li, Yunhe Liu, Hui Yu, Zhuo Li, Hongqiang Lin, Fulin Wu, Luying Tan, Caixia Wang, Pingya Li, Jinping Liu
Journal of Food Biochemistry.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Pharmacological Properties of Ginsenoside Re
Xiao-Yan Gao, Guan-Cheng Liu, Jian-Xiu Zhang, Ling-He Wang, Chang Xu, Zi-An Yan, Ao Wang, Yi-Fei Su, Jung-Joon Lee, Guang-Chun Piao, Hai-Dan Yuan
Frontiers in Pharmacology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
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Linxian Zhao, Yueming Zhang, Yajuan Li, Chen Li, Kai Shi, Kai Zhang, Ning Liu
Food & Function.2022; 13(12): 6450. CrossRef
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Dahye Yoon, Bo-Ram Choi, Young-Chang Kim, Seon Min Oh, Hyoung-Geun Kim, Jang-Uk Kim, Nam-In Baek, Suhkmann Kim, Dae Young Lee
Biomolecules.2019; 9(9): 424. CrossRef
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The American Journal of Chinese Medicine.2017; 45(06): 1293. CrossRef
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Anticancer Activities of Protopanaxadiol‐ and Protopanaxatriol‐Type Ginsenosides and Their Metabolites
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Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine.2016;[Epub] CrossRef
Metabonomic Profiling Reveals Cancer Chemopreventive Effects of American Ginseng on Colon Carcinogenesis in ApcMin/+ Mice
Guoxiang Xie, Chong-Zhi Wang, Chunhao Yu, Yunping Qiu, Xiao-Dong Wen, Chun-Feng Zhang, Chun-Su Yuan, Wei Jia
Journal of Proteome Research.2015; 14(8): 3336. CrossRef
Establishment of Optimal Fermentation Conditions for Steam-dried Ginseng Berry via Friendly Bacteria and Its Antioxidant Activities
Seung Tae Kim, Hee Jung Kim, Su Kil Jang, Do Ik Lee, Seong Soo Joo
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