Cancer Research and Treatment

Original Articles

Gastrointestinal cancer

Discrepancy between Genetically Predicted and Observed Alcohol Intake and Its Impact on Gastric Cancer Susceptibility: Ga-Eun Yie, Cheol Min Shin, Kyungtaek Park, Jinyeon Jo, Ah Ra Do, Sungkyoung Choi, Jung Hun Ohn, Sejoon Lee, Jeongseon Kim, Sun Ha Jee, Seung Joo Kang, Nayoung Kim, Sungho Won; Cancer Res Treat. 2026;58(2):563-572. Published online May 30, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2025.109

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub: Purpose
We aimed to investigate how genetic predisposition to drinking and gastric cancer (GC) modifies the association between alcohol consumption and GC risk in the Korean population.
Materials and Methods
Polygenic risk scores for GC (PRS-GC) and alcohol consumption (PRS-Alcohol) were formulated using genome-wide association results from BioBank Japan. Validation was performed using Korean cohorts (SNUBH-GENIE cohort), incorporating 8,846 controls and 531 patients with GC. Subsequently, these PRSs were applied to an independent Korean cohort of 67,771 participants, including 313 patients with GC during the follow-up for 14 years (KoGES cohort).
Results
In KoGES cohort, the influence of alcohol consumption on GC risk was significantly altered by the PRS-GC and exhibited a synergistic interaction effect. PRS-Alcohol itself shows a negative correlation with GC risk. However, when actual alcohol consumption significantly exceeded genetically predicted levels, the risk of alcohol-related GC was notably increased (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.32; 95% confidence interval, 1.01 to 1.72). Heavy drinkers in the high–PRS-GC/low–PRS-Alcohol group had a 2.16 times higher risk of GC than non-to-light drinkers, which was prominent in males.
Conclusion
Korean drinkers with higher PRS-GC who consume alcohol more than genetically predicted levels are susceptible to GC. PRS-GC and PRS-Alcohol may be beneficial for assessing the impact of alcohol consumption on GC risk in Koreans.

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Estimation of Population Attributable Fraction by Hormone and Reproductive Factors on Female Cancer in the Republic of Korea, 2015 to 2030: Youjin Hong, Soseul Sung, Woojin Lim, Sungji Moon, Kwang-Pil Ko, Jung Eun Lee, Inah Kim, Sun Ha Jee, Sun-Seog Kweon, Min-Ho Shin, Sangmin Park, Seung-Ho Ryu, Sun Young Yang, Jeongseon Kim, Sang-Wook Yi, Yoon-Jung Choi, Jeong-Soo Im, Hong Gwan Seo, Sue K. Park; Cancer Res Treat. 2025;57(3):649-658. Published online November 19, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2024.707

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
Population attributable fractions (PAFs) for hormone and reproductive factors have been estimated in several countries. International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) designated as group 1 and group 2A carcinogen for hormone factors in breast, ovarian, endometrial and uterine cervix cancer. This study aimed to estimate the PAFs of hormone/reproductive factor attributed to cancer incidence and deaths in Korean women and projected trends from 2015 to 2030.
Materials and Methods
The PAF was estimated with using the 2005 standardized prevalence rates and 2020 incidence and deaths with a 15-year latency. Based on the Levin’s formula, prevalence rates were calculated using the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) and the relative risks, which were the risk of selected female cancer associated with oral contraceptive, hormone replacement therapy and duration of breastfeeding, were estimated from the meta-analysis of studies performed in Korean women population. Studies based on the Asian and Global populations were calculated as a sensitivity analysis.
Results
The estimation PAFs for hormone was 1.02% with 1,192 cases and reproductive was 2.67% with 3,112 cases. Moreover, 0.40% (125 deaths) and 1.09% (342 deaths) in female-related cancer deaths in order. Estrogen-progesterone combined hormone replacement therapy (HRT) accounted the most proportion in hormone factors and breastfeeding in reproductive factors. Also, the breast cancer had the highest percent in both hormone and reproductive factors.
Conclusion
Through this study, 1.02% and 2.67% of female-related cancer incidence will be reduced by encouraging avoiding the use of oral contraceptives and HRT and breastfeeding for more than 6 months in reproductive factors. Additionally, among four selected female cancers in this study, breast cancer was observed to be a significant level of prevention.

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Application and interpretation of attributable fraction measures from clinical practice to policy: a narrative review
Sue Kyung Park
Journal of the Korean Medical Association.2026; 69(5): 411. CrossRef
Fraction of cancer incidence and mortality attributable to dietary factors in Korea from 2015 to 2030
Hyun Jeong Cho, Jin Young Yoo, Ga-Eun Yie, An Na Kim, Soseul Sung, Sungji Moon, Youjin Hong, Sangjun Lee, Inah Kim, Kwang-Pil Ko, Sun-Seog Kweon, Jung Eun Lee, Sue K. Park
Epidemiology and Health.2025; 47: e2025065. CrossRef

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Polymorphisms of p53, p21 and IRF-1 and Cervical Cancer Susceptibility in Korean Women: Sung Jong Lee, Sung Eun Namkoong, Won Chul Lee, Jae Woong Sul, Sun Ha Jee, Youn Kyoung You, Jong Eun Lee, Jong Sup Park; Cancer Res Treat. 2002;34(5):357-364. Published online October 31, 2002; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2002.34.5.357

Abstract PDF

PURPOSE
The aim of this study was to identify gene- gene and gene-environmental factor on cervical carcinogenesis in Korean women.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
We evaluated 185 women patients who had cervical cancer with 345 normal control healthy women. The single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the p53 codon 72, the p21 codon 31 and the IRF-1 intron 6 were evaluated from extracted DNA of peripheral blood with an automatic DNA sequencer. The difference of each SNP, gene-gene and gene-environmental interaction between normal controls and patients, were evaluated in an adjusted environmental background.
RESULTS
With regard to environmental factors, the cervical cancer increased in the women with a lower level of education, a younger age at first sexual intercourse and with the increased number of children borne. The women who had p53 (Arg/Arg), IRF-1 (T/T) and an education of less than 6 years showed a 14.7 fold increased risk of cervical cancer than those women who had p53 (~Pro), IRF-1 (~C) and an education of more than 15 years. The women who had p53 (Arg/Arg), p21 (Ser/Ser) and more than 3 children showed a 6.4 fold increased risk of cervical cancer than those women who had p53 (~Pro), p21 (~Arg) and had borne no child. The women who had p53 (Arg/Arg), IRF-1 (T/T) and had experience of first sexual intercourse before the age of 22-years showed a 5.5 fold increased risk of cervical cancer than those women who had p53 (~Pro), IRF-1 (~C) and had experience of first sexual intercourse after the age of 26-years.
CONCLUSION
We found that the level of education, the age at first intercourse, and the number of children borne, were independent risk factors in cervical carcinogenesis. The specific combination of p53, p21 and IRF-1 gene-gene and gene-environmental interactions were significantly noted in the cervical carcinogenesis of Korean women.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Exploratory Analysis of Candidate Gene SNPs in Relation to Cervical Cancer Susceptibility in Georgian Women
Sandro Surmava, Eka Kvaratskhelia, Beso Davitashvili, Nino Vardiashvili, Natalia Kharebashvili, Maia Zarandia, Sarfraz Ahmad, Elene Abzianidze, Ketevani Kankava
Cancer Control.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
Distinctive cell cycle regulatory protein profiles by adenovirus delivery of p53 in human papillomavirus-associated cancer cells
H.-S. JIN, S.-M. BAE, Y.-W. KIM, J.-M. LEE, S.-E. NAMKOONG, B.-D. HAN, Y.-J. LEE, C.-K. KIM, H.-J. CHUN, W.-S. AHN
International Journal of Gynecological Cancer.2006; 16(2): 698. CrossRef
Cell Cycle Regulatory Protein Expression Profiles by Adenovirus p53 Infection in Human Papilloma Virus-associated Cervical Cancer Cells
Yong-Seok Lee, Su-Mi Bae, Sun-Young Kwak, Dong-Chun Park, Yong-Wook Kim, Soo-Young Hur, Eun-Kyung Park, Byoung-Don Han, Young-Joo Lee, Chong-Kook Kim, Do Kang Kim, Woong-Shick Ahn
Cancer Research and Treatment.2006; 38(3): 168. CrossRef
Distinctive cell cycle regulatory protein profiles by adenovirus delivery of p53 in human papillomavirus–associated cancer cells
H.S. Jin, S.M. Bae, Y.W. Kim, J.M. Lee, S.E. Namkoong, B.D. Han, Y.J. Lee, C.K. Kim, H.J. Chun, W.S. Ahn
International Journal of Gynecological Cancer.2006; 16(2): 698. CrossRef
Cellular process classification of human papillomavirus-16-positive SiHa cervical carcinoma cell using Gene Ontology
W. S. Ahn, M.-J. Seo, S. M. Bae, J. M. Lee, S. E. Namkoong, C. K. Kim, Y.-W. Kim
International Journal of Gynecological Cancer.2005; 15(1): 94. CrossRef
Cellular process classification of human papillomavirus-16-positive SiHa cervical carcinoma cell using Gene Ontology
W.S. Ahn, M.-J. Seo, S.M. Bae, J.M. Lee, S.E. Namkoong, C.K. Kim, Y.-W. Kim
International Journal of Gynecological Cancer.2005; 15(1): 94. CrossRef
Adenoviral p53 effects and cell-specific E7 protein–protein interactions of human cervical cancer cells
Jeong-Woo Choi, Woong Shick Ahn, Su Mi Bae, Doo-Bong Lee, Yong-Wan Kim
Biosensors and Bioelectronics.2005; 20(11): 2236. CrossRef

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