Purpose
Gastric cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Although surgery is the standard curative treatment for gastric cancer, relapse occurs in a large number of patients, except in the case of early diagnosed gastric cancer. Following previous studies that identified endoplasmic reticulum oxidoreductin 1-α (ERO1L) as a potential marker for gastric cancer, we investigated the functional role of ERO1L in gastric cancer.
Materials and Methods
For validation of microarray data, the mRNA expression level of ERO1L was measured by quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction in 56 independent stage III gastric cancer patients. Immunohistochemical staining was performed to examine the protein expression level of ERO1L in 231 gastric cancer patients. Correlation between gene expression and cancer prognosis was evaluated.
Results
Patients with high ERO1L expression had poorer survival than those with low expression (p < 0.01). Functional assays demonstrated that ERO1L knockdown inhibited cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and chemoresistance. In addition, involvement of inactivation of Akt and JNK signaling in molecular mechanisms of ERO1L inhibition was demonstrated.
Conclusion
High expression of ERO1L is associated with poor prognosis of patients with gastric cancer. These results indicate that ERO1L expression may be a clinically promising therapeutic target for prevention of gastric cancer.
Citations
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Purpose This study was conducted to validate the survival benefit of metastasectomy plus chemotherapy over chemotherapy alone for treatment of Krukenberg tumors from gastric cancer and to identify prognostic factors for survival. Materials and Methods Clinical data from 216 patients with Krukenberg tumors from gastric cancer were collected. Patients were divided into two arms according to treatment modality: arm A, metastasectomy plus chemotherapy and arm B, chemotherapy alone. Results Overall survival (OS) was significantly increased in arm A relative to arm B for patients initially diagnosed with stage IV gastric cancer (18.0 months vs. 8.0 months; p < 0.001) and those with recurrent Krukenberg tumors (19.0 months vs. 9.0 months; p=0.002), respectively. Metastasectomy (hazard ratio [HR], 0.458; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.287 to 0.732; p=0.001), signet-ring cell pathology (HR, 1.583; 95% CI, 1.057 to 2.371; p=0.026), and peritoneal carcinomatosis (HR, 3.081; 95% CI, 1.610 to 5.895; p=0.001) were significant prognostic factors for survival. Conclusion Metastasectomy plus chemotherapy offers superior OS when compared to palliative chemotherapy alone in gastric cancer with Krukenberg tumor. Prolonged survival applies to all patients, regardless of gastric cancer stage. Metastasectomy, signet-ring cell pathology, and peritoneal carcinomatosis were prognostic factors for survival. Future prospective randomized trials are needed to confirm the optimal treatment strategy for Krukenberg tumors from gastric cancer.
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PURPOSE The aims of this study are to find out whether the sequence of chemotherapeutic regimens including second- and third-line taxane and irinotecan influences the survival of patients with unresectable gastric carcinoma and to identify clinical characteristics of patients with improved response. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifty gastric carcinoma patients who were treated by third-line sequential chemotherapy between November 2004 and July 2010 were enrolled in this study.
Their overall survival (OS) and time to progression (TTP) were set up as primary and secondary end points. For the sequence of chemotherapy regimen, two arms were used. Arm A was defined as 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)+cisplatin (FP) or folinic acid, 5-FU and oxaliplati (FOLFOX), followed by folinic acid, 5-FU and irinotecan (FOLFIRI), and paclitaxel or docetaxel plus 5-FU, with or without epirubicin. Arm B was defined as FP or FOLFOX, followed by paclitaxel or docetaxel plus 5-FU, and FOLFIRI. RESULTS The median OS of all patients was 16.0 months (95% confidence interval, 13.6 to 18.3 months), which is longer than historical control of patients who did not receive third-line chemotherapy. The sequence of second and third-line regimen, including irinotecan and taxane, did not present significant difference in OS or TTP after failure of 5-FU with platinum chemotherapy. In survival analysis of patients' clinicopathologic characteristics, poor prognosis was shown in patients with poorly differentiated histologic features, elevated serum carcinoembryonic level, and shorter TTP of first line chemotherapy. CONCLUSION It is possible for patients to respond differently to chemotherapy due to differences in clinical features and underlying gene expression profiles.
Development of individualized chemotherapy regimens based on gene expression profiles is warranted.
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Peritoneal seeding is one of problems to be solved in gastrointestinal and ovarian cancers. Angiogenesis is the critical step for a dormancy tumor cluster to be an overt metastatic nodule. However, whether an anti-angiogenesis strategy is effective in the control of peritoneal metastases is still obscure. In this study, we evaluated whether endostatin, an endogenous angiogenesis inhibitor, suppresses peritoneal metastases. MATERIALS AND METHODS We transduced a human gastric cancer cell line, AGS and a murine renal cancer cell line, Renca, with the plasmid pEndoSTHB, which encodes a secretable form of murine endostatin. Endostatin expression was tested with western blotting, and the biological activity of the secreted endostatin was confirmed with in vitro endothelial cell growth inhibition. In the animal experiments, stable transfectants were injected intraperitoneally. RESULTS We demonstrated secretion of endostatin from two cell lines transduced with the plasmid pEndoSTHB.
Conditioned media secreted from pEndoSTSB-transduced mammalian cells were shown to potently inhibit endothelial cell growth in vitro. We selected stable transfectants with similar in vitro growth rates of their parental cell lines.
Significant tumor growth inhibition was observed in the endostatin-expressing Renca cells intraperitoneal injection group at days of 28, compared to the null transfectants intraperitoneal injection control group. CONCLUSION These results support that peritoneal seeding is angiogenesis-dependant and an anti-angiogenesis strategy is a good way to control peritoneal metastases.
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The kringle domain of tissue-type plasminogen activator inhibits in vivo tumor growth Byoung-Shik Shim, Byoung-Hak Kang, Yong-Kil Hong, Hyun-Kyung Kim, Il-Ha Lee, Soo-Young Lee, Young-Joon Lee, Suk-Keun Lee, Young Ae Joe Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications.2005; 327(4): 1155. CrossRef
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PURPOSE The interactive effects of genetic polymorphisms of cytochrome P4502E1 (CYP2E1) & N-acetyltransferase 1 (NAT1) and smoking on lung cancer development were evaluated in hospital based case-control study. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male lung cancer patients (N= 157) and the male patients with no present or previous history of systemic illnesses who visited the urology department (N=138) were recruited (1998-1999). CYP2E1 & NAT1 genotypes were determined by PCR-RFLP method using RsaI and MboII digestion, respectively. RESULTS CYP2E1 c2 or NAT1 *10 allele did not increased the risk of lung cancer. Heavy smokers (35CONCLUSION These results suggest the gene-environment interaction between genetic polymorphisms of CYP2E1 & NAT1 and smoking in lung cancer development.
The prognosis of early gastric cancer (EGC) is generally excellent, and the proportion of EGC cases to advanced gastric cancer cases is steadily increasing nowadays. The presence or absence of lymph node metastasis in EGC is important prognostic factor, in other words, the survival rate or recurrence rate of node negative EGC is known to be much better than that of node positive ones. Retrospective analysis was performed for 682 EGC cases which underwent more than D2 resection in Yonsei medical center between 1986 Jan. to 1993 Dec, in order to investigate the clinicopathological factors to predict the possibility of lymph node metastasis. In this study, several factors such as age, sex, tumor location, tumor size, multiplicity, depth of invasion, macroscopic and histologic type were evaluated to determine the significance. In the analysis of these eight factors, sex, tumor size, depth of invasion and macroscopic type were statistically correlated with lymph node metastasis. We consider these factors to be possible high risk factors for lymph node metastasis in early gastric cancer.
In order to evaluate the effect of preoperative transcatheter arterial chemoembolization on recurrence rate and survival after curative resection in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, a retrospective clinical study of 57 patients underwent curative resection was performed. Fifty seven patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, underwent curative liver resection at Yongdong Severance Hospital from June 1985 to June 1995, were divided into two different treatment groups. Of the 57 patients, 25 patients(Group I) had received preoperative transcatheter arterial chemoembolization and 32(Group II) had not received. In any of the variables considered, age, sex, HBsAg, Child class, tumor number, tumor size, a- FP, operative method, no significant difference of patient characteristics between the two groups was found(p>0.05). Using the Kaplan-Meier Product-limit method and log-rank test, the differences of 1, 3, 5-year overall survival and disease-free survival rates, between these comparable groups were analyzed. The l, 3, 5-year overall survival rates in Group I and Group II were, respectively, 95.2%, 59.5%, 39.7% and 76.6%, 58.7%, 44.0%. Furthermore, the disease-free survival rates were, respectively, 81.5%, 50.3%, 50.3% and 69.4%, 43.9%, 30.8 %. This result indicates that there was no statistical significant difference between two groups in overall and disease-free survival. But, we gained a better results in Group I patients especially with total necrosis of tumor. So, further study, when & how we obtained total necrosis of hepatocellular carcinoma preoperatively, will be needed.