Cancer Research and Treatment

Original Articles

The Immunoexpressions and Prognostic Significance of Inhibin Alpha and Beta Human Chorionic Gonadotrophins (hCG) in Breast Carcinomas: Eundeok Chang, Eunjung Lee, Se Jeong Oh, Jeong Soo Kim, Changsuk Kang; Cancer Res Treat. 2005;37(4):241-246. Published online August 31, 2005; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2005.37.4.241

Purpose

Pregnancy and hCG treatments are considered essential for inhibiting breast cancer. The effect of hCG is accompanied by the synthesis of inhibin, a transforming growth factor involved in cell differentiation and proliferation. Inhibin is considered a tumor suppressor, but its role in the breast is unclear. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency and tissue distribution of the expressions of inhibin-α and β-hCG in breast cancer, and their prognostic relevance with other biological parameters.

Materials and Methods

334 of formalin-fixed, paraffin embedded tissue blocks were selected, and then immunostained for inhibin-α and β-hCG. The inhibin-α expression was compared with those of β-hCG, ER, PR and HER-2/neu, as well as the tumor characteristics and recurrences.

Results

Inhibin-α and β-hCG were expressed in 87 (26.0%) and 44 cases (13.2%), respectively. Inhibin-α was found in 25.1% of infiltrating ductal carcinomas (67/267), 26.7% of intraductal carcinomas (8/30), 33.3% of lobular tumors (3/9), 80.0% of apocrine carcinomas (4/5) and 21.7% of the other types (5/23). Inhibin-α was correlated with β-hCG (p<0.0001), PR (p=0.010) and HER-2/neu (p=0.021). HCG was focally expressed in the cytoplasm of the conventional types, but the apocrine type displayed diffusely intense cytoplasmic staining, which correlated with histological tumor types (p<0.001).

Conclusion

Inhibin was significantly correlated with the expressions of hCG, PR and HER-2/neu. Therefore, it might be a useful marker in the prevention and hormonal treatment of breast cancer, such as hCG and progesterone. HCG was expressed significantly higher in the apocrine type than the conventional types, suggesting it can be a useful adjunct in differentiating other cancer types.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Association of serum beta hCG levels in women with palpable malignant breast lesions
Ashfaque Mohammed, Talha Ahmed, Rahul R. Bhat, Esha Mallik, Aashika Arulprakasam
Scientific Reports.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Comprehensive analysis of regulation of DNA methyltransferase isoforms in human breast tumors
Mangala Hegde, Manjunath B. Joshi
Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology.2021; 147(4): 937. CrossRef
False‐positive pregnancy test secondary to ectopic expression of human chorionic gonadotropin by a gastrointestinal stromal tumor
Neal Andruska, Lily Mahapatra, Randall Brenneman, Kelly M. MacArthur, Peter Oppelt, Brian C. Baumann
Journal of Surgical Oncology.2020; 122(4): 809. CrossRef
CGB5 expression is independently associated with poor overall survival and recurrence‐free survival in patients with advanced gastric cancer
Yuxin Yang, Yonghong Shi, Yanjuan Hou, Ying Lu, Jinliang Yang
Cancer Medicine.2018; 7(3): 716. CrossRef
The importance of hCG in human endometrial adenocarcinoma and breast cancer
Alexandra C. Kölbl, Kristina Schlenk, Nils Behrendt, Ulrich Andergassen
The International Journal of Biological Markers.2018; 33(1): 33. CrossRef
Protective Effects of Human Chorionic Gonadotropin Against Breast Cancer: How Can We Use This Information to Prevent/Treat the Disease?
C. V. Rao
Reproductive Sciences.2017; 24(8): 1102. CrossRef
Does hCG or hCGβ play a role in cancer cell biology?
R.K. Iles, P.J. Delves, S.A. Butler
Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology.2010; 329(1-2): 62. CrossRef

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A Clinical Analysis of PTEN Expressions in Breast Cancers: Hang Ju Cho, Jeong Soo Kim, Kee Hwan Kim, Chang Hyeok Ahn, Woo Chan Park, Se Jeong Oh, Sang Seol Jung, Keun Woo Lim, Seock Ah Im; Cancer Res Treat. 2003;35(2):102-108. Published online April 30, 2003; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2003.35.2.102

Abstract PDF

PURPOSE
The PTEN gene, a novel tumor suppressor, is localized to chromosome 10q23.3 and shares extensive homology with the cytoskeletal protein, tensin. A high frequency of mutations at the PTEN locus has been described in a variety of neoplasms including breast cancer and Cowden Disease. However, the role of PTEN alterations and its association with clinicopathological factors have not been well established. We investigated the relationship between the PTEN expression and clinicopathological factors.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues from 105 women with breast cancer were evaluated for the PTEN expression and were scored semi-quantitatively based on staining intensity and distribution. Results were statistically compared with clinicopathological factors.
RESULTS
Forty-seven (45%) of the 105 breast cancers had a loss of the PTEN expression. In the recurrent group, 19 of 32 (59%) patients showed a loss of the PTEN expression, whereas in the non-recurrent group, only 28 of 73 (38%) patients showed a loss of the PTEN expression. The loss of PTEN expression correlated with estrogen receptors (ER) (p=0.027), recurrence (p=0.046), HER-2/neu overexpression (p=0.016), disease-free survival (p=0.0163), and overall survival (p=0.0357). In particular, when HER-2/ neu was overexpressed, the overall survival rate correlated with the loss of PTEN expression statistically (p=0.0454), whereas when HER-2/neu was negative, there was no correlation (p=0.9808). Progesterone receptor (PR) and disease stage had no relationship with the PTEN expression. CONCLUSION: Our results support that PTEN plays a role as a tumor suppressor in breast cancer and is a prognostic factor in predicting recurrence.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

The prognostic value and potential drug target of phosphatase and tensin homolog in breast cancer patients
Feng Xu, Chao Zhang, Jianxiu Cui, Jun Liu, Jie Li, Hongchuan Jiang
Medicine.2017; 96(36): e8000. CrossRef

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Clinical Analysis of PTEN, p53 and Her-2/neu Expressions in Thyroid Cancers: Jeong Soo Kim, Ja Seong Bae, Kee Hwan Kim, Chang Hyeok Ahn, Se Jeong Oh, Hae Myung Jeon, Keun Woo Lim, Chung Soo Chun; Cancer Res Treat. 2001;33(5):433-437. Published online October 31, 2001; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2001.33.5.433

Abstract PDF

PURPOSE
The dual-specificity phosphatase PTEN/ MMAC1/TEP1 has recently been identified as the tumor suppressor gene most frequently mutated and/or deleted in human tumors. However, PTEN mutations have rarely been detected in sporadic thyroid cancers. Therefore, this study investigated the PTEN expression of thyroid cancer and the relationship between PTEN, clinical status and other biologic factors such as HER-2/neu and p53.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The study samples consisted of 62 thyroid cancer specimens and 24 benign thyroid tumor specimens from patients who were operated on the Department of Surgery, Uijongbu St. Mary's hospital during the 5 years from January 1995 until January 2000. All tumors were studied by immunohistochemical staining using monoclonal antibodies against PTEN, HER-2/neu and p53. The results were analyzed statistically.
RESULTS
PTEN protein was found to be under-expressed more frequently in thyroid cancers (29%) than in benign thyroid tumors (4.2%). The reduction in PTEN expression in thyroid cancers was not significantly related with the recorded clinical factors such as size, age, lymph node metastasis and p53, except for HER-2 which was found to be significantly related (p=0.001). HER-2 over- expression was noted in thyroid cancer (83.8%) more frequently than in benign tumors (16.7%).
CONCLUSION
This study has demonstrated that the under-expression of PTEN protein and the over-expression of HER-2 protein may play a role in the carcinogenesis and development of thyroid cancer.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Links between Breast and Thyroid Cancer: Hormones, Genetic Susceptibility and Medical Interventions
Man Lu, Hanqing Liu, Bilian Zheng, Shengrong Sun, Chuang Chen
Cancers.2022; 14(20): 5117. CrossRef
Recommendations on Surveillance for Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma in Children with PTEN Hamartoma Tumor Syndrome
L.A. Jonker, C.A. Lebbink, M.C.J. Jongmans, R.A.J. Nievelstein, J.H.M. Merks, E.J.M. Nieveen van Dijkum, T.P. Links, N. Hoogerbrugge, A.S.P. van Trotsenburg, H.M. van Santen
European Thyroid Journal.2020; 9(5): 234. CrossRef
Activity of Green Tea Polyphenol Epigallocatechin-3-gallate Against Ovarian Carcinoma Cell Lines
Yong Wook Kim, Su Mi Bae, Joon Mo Lee, Sung Eun Namkoong, Sei Jun Han, Byoung Rai Lee, Insu P. Lee, Sang Hee Kim, Young Joo Lee, Chong Kook Kim, Yong-Wan Kim, Woong Shick Ahn
Cancer Research and Treatment.2004; 36(5): 315. CrossRef

4,305 View
33 Download
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