Cancer Research and Treatment

Original Articles

The Survival and Financial Benefit of Investigator-Initiated Trials Conducted by Korean Cancer Study Group: Bum Jun Kim, Chi Hoon Maeng, Bhumsuk Keam, Young-Hyuck Im, Jungsil Ro, Kyung Hae Jung, Seock-Ah Im, Tae Won Kim, Jae Lyun Lee, Dae Seog Heo, Sang-We Kim, Keunchil Park, Myung-Ju Ahn, Byoung Chul Cho, Hoon-Kyo Kim, Yoon-Koo Kang, Jae Yong Cho, Hwan Jung Yun, Byung-Ho Nam, Dae Young Zang; Received April 30, 2024 Accepted July 8, 2024 Published online July 10, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2024.421 [Epub ahead of print]

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub: Purpose
The Korean Cancer Study Group (KCSG) is a nationwide cancer clinical trial group dedicated to advancing investigator-initiated trials (IITs) by conducting and supporting clinical trials. This study aims to review IITs conducted by KCSG and quantitatively evaluate the survival and financial benefits of IITs for patients.
Materials and Methods
We reviewed IITs conducted by KCSG from 1998 to 2023, analyzing progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) gains for participants. PFS and OS benefits were calculated as the difference in median survival times between the intervention and control groups, multiplied by the number of patients in the intervention group. Financial benefits were assessed based on the cost of investigational products provided.
Results
From 1998 to 2023, KCSG conducted 310 IITs, with 133 completed and published. Of these, 21 were included in the survival analysis. The analysis revealed that 1,951 patients in the intervention groups gained a total of 2,558.4 months (213.2 years) of PFS and 2,501.6 months (208.5 years) of OS, with median gains of 1.31 months in PFS and 1.58 months in OS per patient. When analyzing only statistically significant results, PFS and OS gain per patients was 1.69 months and 3.02 months, respectively. Investigational drug cost analysis from six available IITs indicated that investigational products provided to 252 patients were valued at 10,400,077,294 won (approximately 8,046,481 US dollars), averaging about 41,270,148 won (approximately 31,930 US dollars) per patient.
Conclusion
Our findings, based on analysis of published research, suggest that IITs conducted by KCSG led to survival benefits for participants and, in some studies, may have provided financial benefits by providing investment drugs.

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Lung and Thoracic cancer

Comparison of Clinicopathogenomic Features and Treatment Outcomes of EGFR and HER2 Exon 20 Insertion Mutations in Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Single-Institution Experience: So Heun Lee, Hyehyun Jeong, Deok Hoon Kim, Se Jin Jang, Sang-We Kim, Shinkyo Yoon, Dae Ho Lee; Cancer Res Treat. 2024;56(3):774-784. Published online January 30, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2023.1177

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub: Purpose
Exon 20 insertion mutations (E20ins) in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) or human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) in non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients has become more important with emergence of novel agents targeting E20ins.
Materials and Methods
Advanced/Metastatic NSCLC patients with E20ins were included. EGFR E20ins was identified by two methods, next-generation sequencing (NGS) or real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), while HER2 E20ins was done by NGS only.
Results
Between December 2013 and July 2021, E20ins were identified in 107 patients at Asan Medical Center; 67 EGFR E20ins and 40 HER2 E20ins. Out of 32 patients with EGFR E20ins who had tested both PCR and NGS, 17 were identified only through NGS and the other 15 through both tests, giving a discordance rate of 53.1%. There was no clinically significant difference in clinicopathologic features between EGFR and HER2 E20ins; both were observed more frequently in adenocarcinoma, female and never-smokers. Brain metastases were evident at diagnosis in 31.8% of EGFR E20ins and 27.5% of HER2 E20ins, respectively. Platinum-based doublets demonstrated objective response rates (ORR) of 13.3% with a median progression-free survival (PFS) of 4.2 months for EGFR E20ins and 35.3% with 4.7 months for HER2 E20ins, respectively. In contrast, novel EGFR E20ins-targeted agents exhibited an ORR of 46.2% with a median PFS of 5.4 months, while HER2-targeted agents showed an ORR of 50% with that of 7.0 months.
Conclusion
Identification of EGFR and HER2 E20ins is more important as their targeted therapies improved outcomes. Upfront NGS test as a comprehensive molecular approach is strongly warranted.

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Contribution of Enhanced Locoregional Control to Improved Overall Survival with Consolidative Durvalumab after Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy in Locally Advanced Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Insights from Real-World Data: Jeong Yun Jang, Si Yeol Song, Young Seob Shin, Ha Un Kim, Eun Kyung Choi, Sang-We Kim, Jae Cheol Lee, Dae Ho Lee, Chang-Min Choi, Shinkyo Yoon, Su Ssan Kim; Cancer Res Treat. 2024;56(3):785-794. Published online January 16, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2023.1014

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
This study aimed to assess the real-world clinical outcomes of consolidative durvalumab in patients with unresectable locally advanced non–small cell lung cancer (LA-NSCLC) and to explore the role of radiotherapy in the era of immunotherapy.
Materials and Methods
This retrospective study assessed 171 patients with unresectable LA-NSCLC who underwent concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) with or without consolidative durvalumab at Asan Medical Center between May 2018 and May 2021. Primary outcomes included freedom from locoregional failure (FFLRF), distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS), progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS).
Results
Durvalumab following CCRT demonstrated a prolonged median PFS of 20.9 months (p=0.048) and a 3-year FFLRF rate of 57.3% (p=0.008), compared to 13.7 months and 38.8%, respectively, with CCRT alone. Furthermore, the incidence of in-field recurrence was significantly greater in the CCRT-alone group compared to the durvalumab group (26.8% vs. 12.4%, p=0.027). While median OS was not reached with durvalumab, it was 35.4 months in patients receiving CCRT alone (p=0.010). Patients positive for programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression showed notably better outcomes, including FFLRF, DMFS, PFS, and OS. Adherence to PACIFIC trial eligibility criteria identified 100 patients (58.5%) as ineligible. The use of durvalumab demonstrated better survival regardless of eligibility criteria.
Conclusion
The use of durvalumab consolidation following CCRT significantly enhanced locoregional control and OS in patients with unresectable LA-NSCLC, especially in those with PD-L1–positive tumors, thereby validating the role of durvalumab in standard care.

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Therapeutic effect of induction therapy including nab-paclitaxel followed by surgical resection for the patients with locally advanced non-small-cell lung cancer
Hidetaka Uramoto, Nozomu Motono, Shun Iwai
Journal of Cardiothoracic Surgery.2024;[Epub] CrossRef

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General

Impact of Patient Sex on Adverse Events and Unscheduled Utilization of Medical Services in Cancer Patients Undergoing Adjuvant Chemotherapy: A Multicenter Retrospective Cohort Study: Songji Choi, Seyoung Seo, Ju Hyun Lee, Koung Jin Suh, Ji-Won Kim, Jin Won Kim, Se Hyun Kim, Yu Jung Kim, Keun-Wook Lee, Jwa Hoon Kim, Tae Won Kim, Yong Sang Hong, Sun Young Kim, Jeong Eun Kim, Sang-We Kim, Dae Ho Lee, Jae Cheol Lee, Chang-Min Choi, Shinkyo Yoon, Su-Jin Koh, Young Joo Min, Yongchel Ahn, Hwa Jung Kim, Jin Ho Baek, Sook Ryun Park, Jee Hyun Kim; Cancer Res Treat. 2024;56(2):404-413. Published online November 7, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2023.784

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
The female sex is reported to have a higher risk of adverse events (AEs) from cytotoxic chemotherapy. Few studies examined the sex differences in AEs and their impact on the use of medical services during adjuvant chemotherapy. This sub-study aimed to compare the incidence of any grade and grade ≥ 3 AEs, healthcare utilization, chemotherapy completion rate, and dose intensity according to sex.
Materials and Methods
This is a sub-study of a multicenter cohort conducted in Korea that evaluated the impact of healthcare reimbursement on AE evaluation in patients who received adjuvant chemotherapy between September 2013 and December 2016 at four hospitals in Korea.
Results
A total of 1,170 patients with colorectal, gastric, or non–small cell lung cancer were included in the study. Female patients were younger, had fewer comorbidities, and experienced less postoperative weight loss of > 10%. Females had significantly higher rates of any grade AEs including nausea, abdominal pain, stomatitis, vomiting, and neutropenia, and experienced more grade ≥ 3 neutropenia, nausea, and vomiting. The dose intensity of chemotherapy was significantly lower in females, and they also experienced more frequent dose reduction after the first cycle. Moreover, female patients receiving platinum-containing regimens had significantly higher rates of unscheduled outpatient visits.
Conclusion
Our study found that females experienced a higher incidence of multiple any-grade AEs and severe neutropenia, nausea, and vomiting, across various cancer types, leading to more frequent dose reductions. Physicians should be aware of sex differences in AEs for chemotherapy decisions.

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Toxicidad del esquema FOLFOX-6, asociado o no a bolo de 5-fluorouracilo, en cáncer colorrectal metastásico
María Teresa Garrido Martínez, María Rodríguez Jorge, Ignacio García Giménez, María Isabel Guzmán Ramos, Salvador Grutzmancher Sáiz, Victoria Aviñó Tarazona
Farmacia Hospitalaria.2024;[Epub] CrossRef

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Lung and Thoracic cancer

Lazertinib versus Gefitinib as First-Line Treatment for EGFR-mutated Locally Advanced or Metastatic NSCLC: LASER301 Korean Subset: Ki Hyeong Lee, Byoung Chul Cho, Myung-Ju Ahn, Yun-Gyoo Lee, Youngjoo Lee, Jong-Seok Lee, Joo-Hang Kim, Young Joo Min, Gyeong-Won Lee, Sung Sook Lee, Kyung-Hee Lee, Yoon Ho Ko, Byoung Yong Shim, Sang-We Kim, Sang Won Shin, Jin-Hyuk Choi, Dong-Wan Kim, Eun Kyung Cho, Keon Uk Park, Jin-Soo Kim, Sang Hoon Chun, Jangyoung Wang, SeokYoung Choi, Jin Hyoung Kang; Cancer Res Treat. 2024;56(1):48-60. Published online June 27, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2023.453

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
This subgroup analysis of the Korean subset of patients in the phase 3 LASER301 trial evaluated the efficacy and safety of lazertinib versus gefitinib as first-line therapy for epidermal growth factor receptor mutated (EGFRm) non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
Materials and Methods
Patients with locally advanced or metastatic EGFRm NSCLC were randomized 1:1 to lazertinib (240 mg/day) or gefitinib (250 mg/day). The primary endpoint was investigator-assessed progression-free survival (PFS).
Results
In total, 172 Korean patients were enrolled (lazertinib, n=87; gefitinib, n=85). Baseline characteristics were balanced between the treatment groups. One-third of patients had brain metastases (BM) at baseline. Median PFS was 20.8 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 16.7 to 26.1) for lazertinib and 9.6 months (95% CI, 8.2 to 12.3) for gefitinib (hazard ratio [HR], 0.41; 95% CI, 0.28 to 0.60). This was supported by PFS analysis based on blinded independent central review. Significant PFS benefit with lazertinib was consistently observed across predefined subgroups, including patients with BM (HR, 0.28; 95% CI, 0.15 to 0.53) and those with L858R mutations (HR, 0.36; 95% CI, 0.20 to 0.63). Lazertinib safety data were consistent with its previously reported safety profile. Common adverse events (AEs) in both groups included rash, pruritus, and diarrhoea. Numerically fewer severe AEs and severe treatment–related AEs occurred with lazertinib than gefitinib.
Conclusion
Consistent with results for the overall LASER301 population, this analysis showed significant PFS benefit with lazertinib versus gefitinib with comparable safety in Korean patients with untreated EGFRm NSCLC, supporting lazertinib as a new potential treatment option for this patient population.

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First-line treatment of EGFR-mutated non-small cell lung cancer with brain metastases: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Jietao Ma, Xiaoxue Pang, Shuling Zhang, Letian Huang, Li Sun, Chengbo Han
Scientific Reports.2024;[Epub] CrossRef

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Optimal Definition of Oligometastasis Showing Survival Benefits of Local Therapies during Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Treatment: Yoon Jung Jang, Dong-gon Hyun, Wonjun Ji, Chang-Min Choi, Shinkyo Yoon, Dae Ho Lee, Sang-We Kim, Jae Cheol Lee; Cancer Res Treat. 2023;55(2):468-478. Published online November 28, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2022.1342

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub: Purpose
We aimed to investigate the feasibility of four criteria on oligometastasis (OM) concerning clear survival benefits of local therapy (LT) during tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) treatment in non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
Materials and Methods
This single-center, retrospective study included patients with advanced NSCLC who received LT because of OM during TKI treatment at Asan Medical Center from January 2011 to December 2020. At the application of LT OM was classified according to four criteria: TNM, European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Lung Cancer Group (EORTC-LCG), National Comprehensive Network (NCCN), and ORGAN. We compared survival outcomes between patients with and without OM.
Results
The median overall survival of the 117 patients included in the analysis was 70.8 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 56.6 to 85.1). The patients with OM meeting all four criteria (hazard ratio [HR] with 95% CI of TNM criteria 0.24 with 0.10-0.57; p=0.001, EORTC-LCG criteria 0.34 with 0.17-0.67; p=0.002, NCCN criteria 0.41 with 0.20-0.86; p=0.018 and ORGAN criteria 0.33 with 0.18-0.60; p < 0.001) had significantly longer survival compared with patients who did not after adjusting for confounding factors. Furthermore, increasing the number of extra-thoracic metastatic organs to two or more were independent predictive factors for worse survival outcomes (2 organs: HR, 3.51; 95% CI, 1.01 to 12.14; p=0.048; 3 organs: HR, 4.31; 95% CI, 0.94 to 19.73; p=0.060; 4 organs: HR, 24.47; 95% CI, 5.08 to 117.80; p < 0.001).
Conclusion
Patients with OM defined by all four criteria showed prognostic benefits from LT during TKI therapy.

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Efficacy and Safety of Ceritinib 450 mg/day with Food and 750 mg/day in Fasted State in Treatment-Naïve Patients with ALK+ Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Results from the ASCEND-8 Asian Subgroup Analysis: Byoung Chul Cho, Dong-Wan Kim, Ullas Batra, Keunchil Park, Sang-We Kim, Cheng-Ta Yang, Pei-Jye Voon, Virote Sriuranpong, K. Govind Babu, Khalid Amin, Yingbo Wang, Paramita Sen, Khemaies Slimane, Sarayut Geater; Cancer Res Treat. 2023;55(1):83-93. Published online March 25, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2021.1571

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
Previous report from the ASCEND-8 trial showed consistent efficacy with less gastrointestinal (GI) toxicity in patients with anaplastic lymphoma kinase-rearranged (ALK+) advanced/metastatic non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with ceritinib 450-mg with food compared with 750-mg fasted. In this subgroup analysis, we report outcomes in Asian patients of the ASCEND-8 trial.
Materials and Methods
Key efficacy endpoints were blinded independent review committee (BIRC)–assessed overall response rate (ORR) and duration of response (DOR) evaluated per Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors v1.1. Other efficacy endpoints were investigator-assessed ORR and DOR; BIRC- and investigator-assessed progression-free survival (PFS) and disease control rate; overall survival (OS). Safety was evaluated by frequency and severity of adverse events.
Results
At final data cutoff (6 March 2020), 198 treatment-naïve patients were included in efficacy analysis, of which 74 (37%) comprised the Asian subset; 450-mg fed (n=29), 600-mg fed (n=19), and 750-mg fasted (n=26). Baseline characteristics were mostly comparable across study arms. At baseline, more patients in 450-mg fed arm (44.8%) had brain metastases than in 750-mg fasted arm (26.9%). Per BIRC, patients in the 450-mg fed arm had a numerically higher ORR, 24-month DOR rate and 24-month PFS rate than the 750-mg fasted arm. The 36-month OS rate was 93.1% in 450-mg fed arm and 70.9% in 750-mg fasted arm. Any-grade GI toxicity occurred in 82.8% and 96.2% of patients in the 450-mg fed and 750-mg fasted arms, respectively.
Conclusion
Asian patients with ALK+ advanced/metastatic NSCLC treated with ceritinib 450-mg fed showed numerically higher efficacy and lower GI toxicity than 750-mg fasted patients.

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Economic Evaluation of Targeted Therapies for Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase– and ROS1 Fusion–Positive Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer in India
Dharna Gupta, Nidhi Gupta, Navneet Singh, Shankar Prinja
JCO Global Oncology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Uniqueness of lung cancer in Southeast Asia
Vanita Noronha, Atul Budukh, Pankaj Chaturvedi, Srikanth Anne, Anshu Punjabi, Maheema Bhaskar, Tarini P. Sahoo, Nandini Menon, Minit Shah, Ullas Batra, Shrinidhi Nathany, Rajiv Kumar, Omshree Shetty, Trupti Pai Ghodke, Abhishek Mahajan, Nivedita Chakrabar
The Lancet Regional Health - Southeast Asia.2024; 27: 100430. CrossRef
Small intestinal metastasis in a lung adenocarcinoma patient with concurrent EML4-ALK V3 and TP53 mutations after distinct responses to tyrosine kinase inhibitors: A case report
Lingling Zhu, Yingchun Zhao, Yongqian Zhang, Zhai Liu, Wenhua Ma, Ying Guo, Qian Wang, Yan Guo, Hengxu Lv, Min Zhao
Heliyon.2024; 10(19): e38839. CrossRef

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Integrin αvβ3 Induces HSP90 Inhibitor Resistance via FAK Activation in KRAS-Mutant Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Shinkyo Yoon, Hannah Yang, Hyun-Min Ryu, Eunjin Lee, Yujin Jo, Seyoung Seo, Deokhoon Kim, Chang Hoon Lee, Wanlim Kim, Kyung Hae Jung, Sook Ryun Park, Eun Kyung Choi, Sang-We Kim, Kang-Seo Park, Dae Ho Lee; Cancer Res Treat. 2022;54(3):767-781. Published online September 30, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2021.651

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
Heat shock protein-90 (HSP90) remains an important cancer target because of its involvement in multiple oncogenic protein pathways and biologic processes. Although many HSP90 inhibitors have been tested in the treatment of KRAS-mutant non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), most, including AUY922, have failed due to toxic effects and resistance generation, even though a modest efficacy has been observed for these drugs in clinical trials. In our present study, we investigated the novel mechanism of resistance to AUY922 to explore possible avenues of overcoming and want to provide some insights that may assist with the future development of successful next-generation HSP90 inhibitors.
Materials and Methods
We established two AUY922-resistant KRAS-mutated NSCLC cells and conducted RNA sequencing to identify novel resistance biomarker.
Results
We identified novel two resistance biomarkers. We observed that both integrin Av (ITGAv) and β3 (ITGB3) induce AUY922-resistance via focal adhesion kinase (FAK) activation, as well as an epithelial-mesenchymal transition, in both in vitro and in vivo xenograft model. mRNAs of both ITGAv and ITGB3 were also found to be elevated in a patient who had shown acquired resistance in a clinical trial of AUY922. ITGAv was induced by miR-142 downregulation, and ITGB3 was increased by miR-150 downregulation during the development of AUY922-resistance. Therefore, miR-150 and miR-142 overexpression effectively inhibited ITGAvB3-dependent FAK activation, restoring sensitivity to AUY922.
Conclusion
The synergistic co-targeting of FAK and HSP90 attenuated the growth of ITGAvB3-induced AUY922-resistant KRAS-mutated NSCLC cells in vitro and in vivo, suggesting that this combination may overcome acquired AUY922-resistance in KRAS-mutant NSCLC.

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Integrin αV Inhibition by GMI, a Ganoderma Microsporum Immunomodulatory Protein, Abolish Stemness and Migration in EGFR‐Mutated Lung Cancer Cells Resistant to Osimertinib
Yu‐Ting Kang, Hui‐Yi Chang, Ya‐Chu Hsieh, Chia‐Hsuan Chou, I‐Lun Hsin, Jiunn‐Liang Ko
Environmental Toxicology.2024; 39(12): 5238. CrossRef
Junctional adhesion molecular 3 (JAM3) is a novel tumor suppressor and improves the prognosis in breast cancer brain metastases via the TGF-β/Smad signal pathway
Kaitao Zhu, Shiwei Li, Hongru Yao, Jilong Hei, WenGuo Jiang, Tracey Martin, Shanyi Zhang
Journal of Neuro-Oncology.2024; 170(2): 331. CrossRef
Autophagy, molecular chaperones, and unfolded protein response as promoters of tumor recurrence
Bashar Alhasan, Marina Mikeladze, Irina Guzhova, Boris Margulis
Cancer and Metastasis Reviews.2023; 42(1): 217. CrossRef

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Lung cancer

Real-World Experience of Nivolumab in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer in Korea: Sun Min Lim, Sang-We Kim, Byoung Chul Cho, Jin Hyung Kang, Myung-Ju Ahn, Dong-Wan Kim, Young-Chul Kim, Jin Soo Lee, Jong-Seok Lee, Sung Yong Lee, Keon Uk Park, Ho Jung An, Eun Kyung Cho, Tae Won Jang, Bong-Seog Kim, Joo-Hang Kim, Sung Sook Lee, Im-II Na, Seung Soo Yoo, Ki Hyeong Lee; Cancer Res Treat. 2020;52(4):1112-1119. Published online May 15, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2020.245

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
The introduction of immune checkpoint inhibitors represents a major advance in the treatment of lung cancer, allowing sustained recovery in a significant proportion of patients. Nivolumab is a monoclonal anti–programmed death cell protein 1 antibody licensed for the treatment of locally advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) after prior chemotherapy. In this study, we describe the demographic and clinical outcomes of patients with advanced NSCLC treated with nivolumab in the Korean expanded access program.
Materials and Methods
Previously treated patients with advanced non-squamous and squamous NSCLC patients received nivolumab at 3 mg/kg every 2 weeks up to 36 months. Efficacy data including investigator-assessed tumor response, progression data, survival, and safety data were collected.
Results
Two hundred ninety-nine patients were treated across 36 Korean centers. The objective response rate and disease control rate were 18% and 49%, respectively; the median progression-free survival was 2.1 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.87 to 3.45), and the overall survival (OS) was 13.2 months (95% CI, 10.6 to 18.9). Patients with smoking history and patients who experienced immune-related adverse events showed a prolonged OS. Cox regression analysis identified smoking history, presence of immune-related adverse events as positive factors associated with OS, while liver metastasis was a negative factor associated with OS. The safety profile was generally comparable to previously reported data.
Conclusion
This real-world analysis supports the use of nivolumab for pretreated NSCLC patients, including those with an older age.

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Advances in reprogramming of energy metabolism in tumor T cells
Liu Xuekai, Song Yan, Chu Jian, Song Yifei, Wu Xinyue, Zhang Wenyuan, Han Shuwen, Yang Xi
Frontiers in Immunology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Effectiveness and Safety of PD-1 Inhibitors’ Treatment for Patients with Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer in China: A Real-World Study
Ning Wan, Yongbang Chen, Liqing Lu, Bing Wang, Liuliu He, Hongyi Liang, Fei Xie, Xiaoshun Jian, Bo Ji, Jianping Zhang, Hammoda Abu-Odah
European Journal of Cancer Care.2024; 2024: 1. CrossRef
Optimization of treatment strategies for elderly patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer
Qiang Chen, Shuo Ying, Jianwen Qin, Li Zhang
Frontiers in Oncology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Real-World Data on Pembrolizumab for Pretreated Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: Clinical Outcome and Relevance of the Lung Immune Prognostic Index
Ana Ortega-Franco, Clare Hodgson, Haseem Raja, Mathew Carter, Colin Lindsay, Sarah Hughes, Laura Cove-Smith, Paul Taylor, Yvonne Summers, Fiona Blackhall, Raffaele Califano
Targeted Oncology.2022; 17(4): 453. CrossRef
Liver metastases and the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors in advanced lung cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Handai Xia, Wengang Zhang, Yuqing Zhang, Xiaoling Shang, Yanguo Liu, Xiuwen Wang
Frontiers in Oncology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Immune-Related Adverse Events Predict the Efficacy of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Lung Cancer Patients: A Meta-Analysis
Donghui Wang, Cen Chen, Yanli Gu, Wanjun Lu, Ping Zhan, Hongbing Liu, Tangfeng Lv, Yong Song, Fang Zhang
Frontiers in Oncology.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Broad-Spectrum Antibiotic Regimen Affects Survival in Patients Receiving Nivolumab for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Min Jung Geum, Chungsoo Kim, Ji Eun Kang, Jae Hee Choi, Jae Song Kim, Eun Sun Son, Sun Min Lim, Sandy Jeong Rhie
Pharmaceuticals.2021; 14(5): 445. CrossRef
Nivolumab

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Immune-Related Adverse Events Associated With Outcomes in Patients With NSCLC Treated With Anti-PD-1 Inhibitors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Zhe Zhao, Xinfeng Wang, Jinghan Qu, Wei Zuo, Yan Tang, Huijuan Zhu, Xiaoguang Chen
Frontiers in Oncology.2021;[Epub] CrossRef

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Osimertinib in Patients with T790M-Positive Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer: Korean Subgroup Analysis from Phase II Studies: Myung-Ju Ahn, Ji-Youn Han, Dong-Wan Kim, Byoung Chul Cho, Jin-Hyoung Kang, Sang-We Kim, James Chih-Hsin Yang, Tetsuya Mitsudomi, Jong Seok Lee; Cancer Res Treat. 2020;52(1):284-291. Published online July 23, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2019.200

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Purpose
Osimertinib is a third-generation, irreversible, oral epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) that potently and selectively inhibits both EGFR sensitizing mutation and EGFR T790M and has demonstrated efficacy in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) central nervous system (CNS) metastases. We present results of a subgroup analysis of Korean patients from the pooled data of two global phase II trials: AURA extension (NCT01802632) and AURA2 (NCT02094261).
Materials and Methods
Enrolled patients had EGFR T790M-positive NSCLC and disease progression during or after EGFR-TKI therapy. Patients received osimertinib 80 mg orally once daily until disease progression. The primary endpoint was objective response rate (ORR).
Results
In total, 66 Korean patients received osimertinib treatment with a median treatment duration of 19 months. In the evaluable-for-response population (n=62), ORR was 74% (95% confidence interval [CI], 61.5 to 84.5) and median duration of response was 9.8 months (95% CI, 7.1 to 16.8). In the full analysis set (n=66), median progression-free survival was 10.9 months (95% CI, 8.3 to 15.0; data cutoff November 1, 2016), and median overall survival was 29.2 months (95% CI, 24.8 to 35.7; data cutoff May 1, 2018). Eight patients with CNS metastases were evaluable for response, none of whom showed CNS progression. The most common adverse events were rash (53%), cough (33%), paronychia, diarrhea, and decreased appetite (each 32%).
Conclusion
Efficacy and safety profiles of osimertinib in this subgroup are consistent with the global phase II pooled population, which supports osimertinib as a recommended treatment for Korean patients with T790M positive NSCLC.

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Pan-Asian adapted ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for the diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of patients with oncogene-addicted metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer
S.-H. Lee, J. Menis, T.M. Kim, H.R. Kim, C. Zhou, S.A. Kurniawati, K. Prabhash, H. Hayashi, D.D.-W. Lee, M.S. Imasa, Y.L. Teh, J.C.-H. Yang, T. Reungwetwattana, V. Sriuranpong, C.-E. Wu, Y. Ang, M. Sabando, M. Thiagarajan, H. Mizugaki, V. Noronha, M. Yuli
ESMO Open.2024; 9(12): 103996. CrossRef
The role of brain radiotherapy for EGFR- and ALK-positive non-small-cell lung cancer with brain metastases: a review
Valerio Nardone, Caterina Romeo, Emma D’Ippolito, Pierpaolo Pastina, Maria D’Apolito, Luigi Pirtoli, Michele Caraglia, Luciano Mutti, Giovanna Bianco, Antonella Consuelo Falzea, Rocco Giannicola, Antonio Giordano, Pierosandro Tagliaferri, Claudia Vincigue
La radiologia medica.2023; 128(3): 316. CrossRef
The Relationship Between Short-Term Surrogate Endpoint Indicators and mPFS and mOS in Clinical Trials of Malignant Tumors: A Case Study of Approved Molecular Targeted Drugs for Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer in China
Mingjun Rui, Zijing Wang, Zhengyang Fei, Yao Wu, Yingcheng Wang, Lei Sun, Ye Shang, Hongchao Li
Frontiers in Pharmacology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Efficacy and Safety of SH-1028 in Patients With EGFR T790M-Positive NSCLC: A Multicenter, Single-Arm, Open-Label, Phase 2 Trial
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Randomized Phase III Trial of Irinotecan Plus Cisplatin versus Etoposide Plus Cisplatin in Chemotherapy-Naïve Korean Patients with Extensive-Disease Small Cell Lung Cancer: Dong-Wan Kim, Hoon-Gu Kim, Joo-Hang Kim, Keunchil Park, Hoon-Kyo Kim, Joung Soon Jang, Bong-Seog Kim, Jin-Hyoung Kang, Kyung Hee Lee, Sang-We Kim, Hun Mo Ryoo, Jin-Soo Kim, Ki Hyeong Lee, Jung Hye Kwon, Jin-Hyuk Choi, Sang Won Shin, Seokyung Hahn, Dae Seog Heo; Cancer Res Treat. 2019;51(1):119-127. Published online March 12, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2018.019

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
This randomized phase III study was designed to compare the efficacy and safety of irinote-can plus cisplatin (IP) over etoposide plus cisplatin (EP) in Korean patients with extensive-disease small-cell lung cancer (SCLC).
Materials and Methods
Patients were randomly assigned to receive IP, composed of irinotecan 65 mg/m² intravenously on days 1 and 8+cisplatin 70 mg/m² intravenously on day 1 every 3 weeks, or EP, composed of etoposide 100 mg/m² intravenously on days 1, 2, 3+cisplatin 70 mg/m² intravenously on day 1, every 3 weeks for a maximum of six cycles, until disease progression, or until unacceptable toxicity occurred. The primary endpoint was overall survival.
Results
A total of 362 patients were randomized to IP (n=173) and EP (n=189) arms. There were no significant differences between IP and EP arms for the median overall survival (10.9 months vs. 10.3 months, p=0.120) and the median progression-free survival (6.5 months vs. 5.8 months, p=0.115). However, there was a significant difference in response rate (62.4% vs. 48.2%, p=0.006). The pre-planned subgroup analyses showed that IP was associated with longer overall survival in male (11.3 months vs. 10.1 months, p=0.036), < 65 years old (12.7 months vs. 11.3 months, p=0.024), and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status 0/1 (12.4 months vs. 10.9 months, p=0.040) patient groups. The severity of treatment-related adverse events such as grade 3/4 anemia, nausea and diarrhea was more frequent in patients treated with IP.
Conclusion
The IP chemotherapy did not significantly improve the survival compared with EP chemotherapy in Korean patients with extensive-disease SCLC.

Citations

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Hassan Abdelilah Tafenzi, Farah Choulli, Edwin Kelly Haag, Anass Baladi, Ismail Essaadi, Rhizlane Belbaraka
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Paul O. Odeniran, Paradise Madlala, Nompumelelo P. Mkhwanazi, Mahmoud E. S. Soliman
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Efficacy and toxicity profile of first‐line treatment for extensive‐stage small cell lung cancer: A Bayesian network meta‐analysis
Guo Lin, Zhuoran Yao, Kai Kang, Hui Wang, Ren Luo, You Lu
Cancer Medicine.2023; 12(9): 10230. CrossRef
Therapeutic strategy analysis of patients with advanced stage high‐grade neuroendocrine cervical cancer: A real‐world multicenter study
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International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics.2022; 158(3): 722. CrossRef
Systematic evaluation of the efficacy‐effectiveness gap of systemic treatments in extensive disease small cell lung cancer
Christine M. Cramer‐van der Welle, Franz M. N. H. Schramel, Bas J. M. Peters, John W. G. van Putten, Olaf H. Klungel, Harry J. M. Groen, Ewoudt M. W. van de Garde
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Treatment Outcomes of 9,994 Patients With Extensive-Disease Small-Cell Lung Cancer From a Retrospective Nationwide Population-Based Cohort in the Korean HIRA Database
Jung Soo Lee, Seoree Kim, Soo-Yoon Sung, Yeo Hyung Kim, Hyun Woo Lee, Ji Hyung Hong, Yoon Ho Ko
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Ichiro Sekine, Kan Kishibe, Miki Takahara, Hiroaki Katada, Tatsuya Hayashi, Yasuaki Harabuchi
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Gyeong‐Won Lee, Se‐Il Go, Dong‐Wan Kim, Hoon‐Gu Kim, Joo‐Hang Kim, Ho Jung An, Joung Soon Jang, Bong‐Seog Kim, Seokyung Hahn, Dae Seog Heo
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Panpan Zhang, Jie Li, Jian Li, Xiaotian Zhang, Jun Zhou, Xicheng Wang, Zhi Peng, Lin Shen, Ming Lu
Cancer.2020; 126(S9): 2086. CrossRef
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A Retrospective Cohort Study on Pretreated Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio and Prognosis of Small Cell Lung Cancer: Evidence of Effect Modification by Chemotherapy Regimen

Feiwen Liu, Shaozhang Zhou, Liping Tan, Huiqin Jiang, Yucong Huang
Cancer Management and Research.2020; Volume 12: 10341. CrossRef
Comparison of First-Line Treatments for Patients With Extensive-Stage Small Cell Lung Cancer
Ting Zhou, Zhonghan Zhang, Fan Luo, Yuanyuan Zhao, Xue Hou, Tingting Liu, Kai Wang, Hongyun Zhao, Yan Huang, Li Zhang
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Thérapie ciblée et immunothérapie du cancer bronchique à petites cellules
J.-L. Pujol, C. Goze, C. Pujol, B. Roch
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Irinotecan-platinum combination therapy for previously untreated extensive-stage small cell lung cancer patients: a meta-analysis
Fei Xu, Xiaoli Ren, Yuan Chen, Qianxia Li, Ruichao Li, Yu Chen, Shu Xia
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Jean-Louis Pujol, Benoît Roch, Camille N. Pujol, Catherine Goze
Bulletin du Cancer.2018;[Epub] CrossRef

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A Phase II Study of Poziotinib in Patients with Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR)-Mutant Lung Adenocarcinoma Who Have Acquired Resistance to EGFR–Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors: Ji-Youn Han, Ki Hyeong Lee, Sang-We Kim, Young Joo Min, Eunkyung Cho, Youngjoo Lee, Soo-Hyun Lee, Hyae Young Kim, Geon Kook Lee, Byung Ho Nam, Hyesun Han, Jina Jung, Jin Soo Lee; Cancer Res Treat. 2017;49(1):10-19. Published online May 3, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2016.058

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
We examined the efficacy of poziotinib, a second-generation epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)–tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) in patients with lung adenocarcinoma with activating EGFR mutations, who developed acquired resistance (AR) to EGFR-TKIs.
Materials and Methods
This single-arm phase II study included EGFR-mutant lung adenocarcinoma with AR to erlotinib or gefitinib based on the Jackman criteria. Patients received poziotinib 16 mg orally once daily in a 28-day cycle. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS). Prestudy tumor biopsies and blood samples were obtained to determine resistance mechanisms.
Results
Thirty-nine patients were treated. Tumor genotyping was determined in 37 patients; 19 EGFR T790M mutations and two PIK3CAmutations were detected in the prestudy tumors, and seven T790M mutations were detected in the plasma assay. Three (8%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2 to 21) and 17 (44%; 95% CI, 28 to 60) patients had partial response and stable disease, respectively. The median PFS and overall survival were 2.7 months (95% CI, 1.8 to 3.7) and 15.0 months (95% CI, 9.5 to not estimable), respectively. A longer PFS was observed for patients without T790M or PIK3CA mutations in tumor or plasma compared to those with these mutations (5.5 months vs. 1.8 months, p=0.003). The most frequent grade 3 adverse events were rash (59%), mucosal inflammation (26%), and stomatitis (18%). Most patients required one (n=15) or two (n=15) dose reductions.
Conclusion
Low activity of poziotinib was detected in patients with EGFR-mutant non-small cell lung cancer who developed AR to gefitinib or erlotinib, potentially because of severe-toxicityimposed dose limitation.

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A Randomized Double-Blind, Double-Dummy, Multicenter Trial of Azasetron versus Ondansetron to Evaluate Efficacy and Safety in the Prevention of Delayed Nausea and Vomiting Induced by Chemotherapy: Hee Yeon Lee, Hoon-Kyo Kim, Kyung Hee Lee, Bong-Seog Kim, Hong Suk Song, Sung Hyun Yang, Joon Hee Kim, Yeul Hong Kim, Jong Gwang Kim, Sang-We Kim, Dong-Wan Kim, Si-Young Kim, Hee Sook Park; Cancer Res Treat. 2014;46(1):19-26. Published online January 15, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2014.46.1.19

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

PURPOSE
This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of azasetron compared to ondansetron in the prevention of delayed chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
This study was a multi-center, prospective, randomized, double-dummy, double-blind and parallel-group trial involving 12 institutions in Korea between May 2005 and December 2005. A total of 265 patients with moderately and highly emetogenic chemotherapy were included and randomly assigned to either the azasetron or ondansetron group. All patients received azasetron (10 mg intravenously) and dexamethasone (20 mg intravenously) on day 1 and dexamethasone (4 mg orally every 12 hours) on days 2-4. The azasetron group received azasetron (10 mg orally) with placebo of ondansetron (orally every 12 hours), and the ondansetron group received ondansetron (8 mg orally every 12 hours) with placebo of azasetron (orally) on days 2-6.
RESULTS
Over days 2-6, the effective ratio of complete response in the azasetron and ondansetron groups was 45% and 54.5%, respectively (95% confidence interval, -21.4 to 2.5%). Thus, the non-inferiority of azasetron compared with ondansetron in delayed chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting was not proven in the present study. All treatments were well tolerated and no unexpected drug-related adverse events were reported. The most common adverse events related to the treatment were constipation and hiccups, and there were no differences in the overall incidence of adverse events.
CONCLUSION
In the present study, azasetron showed inferiority in the control of delayed chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting compared with ondansetron whereas safety profiles were similar between the two groups.

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Phase II Study of S-1 Plus Either Irinotecan or Docetaxel for Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Patients Treated with More Than Three Lines of Treatment: Dal Yong Kim, Dae Ho Lee, Sun-Joo Jang, Sang-We Kim, Cheolwon Suh, Jung Shin Lee; Cancer Res Treat. 2011;43(4):212-216. Published online December 27, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2011.43.4.212

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PURPOSE
This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of a combination treatment of S-1 plus either irinotecan or docetaxel for advanced/metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients who have already failed 3 or more lines of treatment.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
This was a prospective single center phase II study. The eligible patients received S-1 40 mg/m2 twice a day orally on days 1 though 14 combined with irinotecan 150 mg/m2on D1 only or docetaxel 35 mg/m2 on D1 and D8. The treatment was repeated every 3 weeks until disease progression, unacceptable toxicity, or patient refusal. The choice between the two regimens was made at the discretion of the treating physician.
RESULTS
A total of 14 patients participated in the study. There were 3 patients with squamous cell carcinoma, 9 with adenocarcinoma, and 2 with NSCLC, NOS. Eight of the patients were male. There were 8 patients with an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) of 1, and 6 patients with an ECOG of 2. All the patients had already been treated with platinum-based chemotherapy and epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy. Out of the 14 patients, 10 received irinotecan and S-1 and the other 4 received docetaxel and S-1. Twelve patients had also received pemetrexed. Disappointingly, there were no response from 2 patients with a stable disease, and therefore, as per the protocol, we stopped the study early. With a median follow-up time of 49 months, the median survival time was 5.6 months (95% confidence interval, 4.3 to 6.9 months).
CONCLUSION
S-1 containing doublets did not show activity in this population as a salvage treatment and further investigation cannot be recommended.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Docetaxel Nanotechnology in Anticancer Therapy
Pengxiang Zhao, Didier Astruc
ChemMedChem.2012; 7(6): 952. CrossRef

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High-Dose Chemotherapy of Cyclophosphamide, Thiotepa and Carboplatin (CTCb) followed by Autologous Stem-Cell Transplantation as a Consolidation for Breast Cancer Patients with 10 or more Positive Lymph Nodes: a 5-Year follow-Up Results: Hee-Jung Sohn, Sang-Hee Kim, Gyeong-Won Lee, Shin Kim, Jin-Hee Ahn, Sung-Bae Kim, Sang-We Kim, Woo Kun Kim, Cheolwon Suh; Cancer Res Treat. 2005;37(3):137-142. Published online June 30, 2005; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2005.37.3.137

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Purpose

The benefit of consolidation high-dose chemotherapy (HDC) for high-risk primary breast cancer is controversial. We evaluated the efficacy and safety of consolidation HDC with cyclophosphamide, thiotepa and carboplatin (CTCb) followed by autologous stem-cell transplantation (ASCT) in resected breast cancer patients with 10 or more positive lymph nodes.

Materials and Methods

Between December 1994 and April 2000, 22 patients were enrolled. All patients received 2 to 6 cycles of adjuvant chemotherapy after surgery for breast cancer. The HDC regimen consisted of cyclophosphamide 1,500 mg/m²/day, thiotepa 125 mg/m²/day and carboplatin 200 mg/m²/day intravenous for 4 consecutive days.

Results

With a median follow-up of 58 months, 11 patients recurred and died. The median disease-free survival (DFS) and median overall survival (OS) were 49 and 69 months, respectively. The 5-year DFS and OS rates were 50% and 58%, respectively. The 12 patients with 10 to 18 involved nodes had better 5-year DFS (67%) and OS (75%) than 10 patients with more than 18 involved nodes (30% and 38%, respectively). The most common grade 3 or 4 nonhematologic toxicity was diarrhea, which occurred in 5 patients (23%). No treatment-related death was observed.

Conclusion

Consolidation HDC with CTCb followed by ASCT for resected breast cancer with more than 10 positive nodes had an acceptable toxicity but does not show promising survival.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Real-world Experience of Improvement in the Survival of Lymphoma and Myeloma Patients with Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation over a 25-year Period
Hyungwoo Cho, Shin Kim, Kyoungmin Lee, Jung Sun Park, Cheolwon Suh
The Korean Journal of Medicine.2021; 96(6): 501. CrossRef
Prospective study of cyclophosphamide, thiotepa, carboplatin combined with adoptive DC-CIK followed by metronomic cyclophosphamide therapy as salvage treatment for triple negative metastatic breast cancers patients (aged <45)
X. Wang, J. Ren, J. Zhang, Y. Yan, N. Jiang, J. Yu, L. Di, G. Song, L. Che, J. Jia, X. Zhou, H. Yang, H. K. Lyerly
Clinical and Translational Oncology.2016; 18(1): 82. CrossRef

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High-Dose Chemotherapy of Cyclophosphamide, Thiotepa, and Carboplatin (CTCb) Followed by Autologous Stem-Cell Transplantation for Metastatic Breast Cancer Patients: A 6-Year Follow-Up Result: Hee-Jung Sohn, Sang-Hee Kim, Gyeong-Won Lee, Shin Kim, Hye Jin Kang, Jin-Hee Ahn, Sung-Bae Kim, Sang-We Kim, Woo Kun Kim, Cheolwon Suh; Cancer Res Treat. 2005;37(1):24-30. Published online February 28, 2005; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2005.37.1.24

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Purpose

The benefit of high-dose chemotherapy (HDC) for metastatic breast cancer (MBC) is controversial. We evaluated the efficacy and safety of HDC with cyclophosphamide, thiotepa, and carboplatin (CTCb) followed by autologous stem-cell transplantation (ASCT) for MBC patients.

Materials and Methods

From September 1994 to December 1999, 23 MBC patients were enrolled. All the patients received 2 to 10 cycles of induction chemotherapy. Before transplantation, 12 patients were in complete response (CR), nine were in partial response (PR), and two had progressive disease (PD). The HDC regimen consisted of cyclophosphamide 1,500 mg/m²/day, thiotepa 125 mg/m²/day and carboplatin 200 mg/m²/day intravenously for 4 consecutive days.

Results

After ASCT, 13 patients (56%) had a CR, five (22%) had a PR, three (13%) had no change, while two (9%) showed a PD. Seventeen patients relapsed or progressed during the median follow-up of 78 months. The median progression-free survival (PFS) time was 11 months and the median overall survival (OS) time was 23 months. The 5-year PFS and OS rates were 22% and 25%, respectively. On the multivariate analyses, less than 4 involved lymph nodes was predictive of a better PFS and OS.

Conclusion

HDC with CTCb for MBC has acceptable toxicity; however, this treatment does not show a survival benefit.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Real-world Experience of Improvement in the Survival of Lymphoma and Myeloma Patients with Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation over a 25-year Period
Hyungwoo Cho, Shin Kim, Kyoungmin Lee, Jung Sun Park, Cheolwon Suh
The Korean Journal of Medicine.2021; 96(6): 501. CrossRef

8,979 View
48 Download
1 Crossref

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