Cancer Research and Treatment

Original Articles

Chemotherapy-Free Salvage Therapy with Rituximab, Lenalidomide, and Poseltinib in Relapsed or Refractory Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma: A Multi-Center, Phase II Study: Dong Hyun Kim, Sanyeowool An, Hongyul Ahn, Han Song, Ka-Won Kang, Sang Eun Yoon, Seok Jin Kim, Hyo Jung Kim, Youngil Koh, Deok-Hwan Yang, Consortium for Improving Survival of Lymphoma (CISL); Received September 6, 2025 Accepted November 11, 2025 Published online November 12, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2025.977 [Accepted]

Abstract PDF: Purpose
Relapsed or refractory (R/R) primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is an aggressive malignancy for which salvage chemotherapy has limited efficacy. We conducted an investigator-initiated, single-arm, multicenter phase II trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a chemotherapy-free salvage regimen comprising rituximab, lenalidomide, and poseltinib (R2P) in patients with R/R PCNSL.
Materials and Methods
The R2P regimen consisted of two phases: six cycles of induction with rituximab, lenalidomide, and poseltinib, followed by three cycles of consolidation with lenalidomide and poseltinib. The primary endpoints were complete response rate (CRR) and overall response rate (ORR). Secondary endpoints were toxicity, progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS).
Results
A total of 10 patients were enrolled (one withdrew before cycle 1; nine were evaluable for efficacy). The median age was 70 years (range, 53–75), and all had received methotrexate-based first-line chemotherapy. The ORR was 55.6%, and the CRR was 33.3%. The median PFS was 5.6 months, and the median OS was not reached. Next-generation sequencing was performed in four patients (three responders and one non-responder). CD79B missense mutations were identified in all three responders. A total of 11 adverse events (AEs) were observed in six patients. The most common AE was neutropenia (30.0%). The only grade ≥3 AE was a single case of grade 3 neutropenia. No dose modifications were required due to toxicity.
Conclusion
Poseltinib in combination with lenalidomide and rituximab showed activity in patients with R/R PCNSL, warranting further investigation in larger studies.

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Impact of Cell-of-Origin and MYC/BCL2 Status on the Risk of Central Nervous System Relapse in Primary Breast Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma: Chang-Hoon Lee, Ga-Young Song, Ho-Young Yhim, Dok Hyun Yoon, Kyu Yun Jang, Sang Eun Yoon, Jin Seok Kim, Jeong-Ok Lee, Hyeon-Seok Eom, Hyewon Lee, Kyoung Ha Kim, Ka-Won Kang, Young Rok Do, Soon Il Lee, Han Sang Lee, Hyo Jung Kim, Ae Ri Ahn, Deok-Hwan Yang, Won Seog Kim, Jae-Yong Kwak; Received August 5, 2025 Accepted November 3, 2025 Published online November 5, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2025.836 [Accepted]

Abstract PDF: Purpose
Primary breast diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is a rare entity with a distinct relapse pattern involving the central nervous system (CNS). However, data regarding predictors of CNS relapse in this population remain limited.
Materials and Methods
CNS relapse was retrospectively analyzed in two multicenter cohorts comprising 53 patients with newly diagnosed primary breast DLBCL, including a prospective trial and real-world cohort, all treated with rituximab-based immunochemotherapy. The impact of baseline clinical parameters, cell-of-origin, and MYC/BCL2 dual expression (DE) status on CNS relapse was assessed using a multivariate Cox regression model, separately conducted for the overall study set (n=53) and the immunohistochemical study set (n=36).
Results
By the CNS-International Prognostic Index (CNS-IPI), most patients were classified as low or intermediate risk; no patients were classified as high risk. With a median follow-up of 58.8 months, the 4-year risk of CNS relapse was 15.6% in the overall study set and 14.2% in the immunohistochemical set. MYC/BCL2 DE was identified in 14 patients (38.9%) and was significantly associated with increased risk of CNS relapse (4-year risk, 30.7% vs. 0%, p=0.001). Patients with non-germinal center B-cell–like subtype had a numerically higher risk of CNS relapse. However, in multivariate analysis, only MYC/BCL2 DE status was associated with CNS relapse. Synchronous bilateral involvement was also an independent predictor of CNS relapse in both study sets. CNS-IPI was not discriminatory for CNS relapse.
Conclusion
MYC/BCL2 DE and synchronous bilateral breast involvement may help identify patients at higher risk for CNS relapse. Further studies are warranted.

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Effectiveness of CAR-T Cell Therapies for Relapsed/Refractory Follicular Lymphoma: An External Control Arm Study: Hee-Jin Seo, Ju Hwan Kim, Sang Eun Yoon, Won Seog Kim, Dong Keon Yon, Ju-Young Shin, Seok Jin Kim; Received December 10, 2024 Accepted September 15, 2025 Published online September 17, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2024.1181 [Epub ahead of print]

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material

Purpose
Axicabtagene ciloleucel (axi-cel), tisagenlecleucel (tisa-cel), and lisocabtagene maraleucel (liso-cel) have received regulatory approval for relapsed or refractory follicular lymphoma (FL). However, the data are scarce on their comparative effectiveness against the salvage therapies available in real-world settings. This study aimed to indirectly compare treatment outcomes of axi-cel, tisa-cel, and liso-cel versus usual care in South Korean patients with FL.
Materials and Methods
To assess effectiveness in real-world data, aggregate data from the ZUMA-5, ELARA, and TRANSCEND FL studies were compared with individual patient data from the Samsung Medical Center–Lymphoma Cohort Study (SMC-LCS). Patients meeting ZUMA-5, ELARA, and TRANSCEND FL eligibility criteria were selected as the external control arm. All eligible treatment lines per patient were analyzed as independent episodes and weighted using the matching-adjusted indirect comparison method. Timeto-event outcomes were assessed with weighted Kaplan-Meier analysis, and adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) were estimated using Cox proportional hazards models.
Results
Axi-cel included 127 patients, tisa-cel included 94, liso-cel included 101, and 121 episodes from 49 patients were analyzed in the external control arm. The weighted HRs for overall survival and progression-free survival for axi-cel versus the external control were 0.37 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.21 to 0.64) and 0.35 (95% CI, 0.20 to 0.59), respectively. For tisa-cel, the HRs were 0.24 (95% CI, 0.11 to 0.53), and 0.35 (95% CI, 0.20 to 0.60), respectively. For liso-cel, the HRs were 0.38 (95% CI, 0.13 to 1.04) and 0.36 (95% CI, 0.15 to 0.88), respectively.
Conclusion
All three chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapies showed outstanding effectiveness compared to conventional treatments in usual care in South Korea.

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Comparative outcomes of lisocabtagene maraleucel versus an external control arm in third-line or later relapsed or refractory follicular lymphoma
Loretta Jo Nastoupil, Alejandro Martín García-Sancho, Koji Izutsu, Guillaume Cartron, Alan Pierre Zausner Skarbnik, Juan Luis Reguera Ortega, Hideki Goto, Peter Borchmann, Thalia Farazi, Merav Bar, Maria del Rosario Olivera, Jinender Kumar, Marc De Benede
Leukemia & Lymphoma.2026; : 1. CrossRef

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Case Report

Detection of HIV RNA after CAR T-Cell Therapy in a Relapsed/Refractory Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma Patient: Possibility of False Positivity and Clinical Implications: Sang Eun Yoon, Kyungmin Huh, Tae Yeul Kim, Hee Jae Huh, Seok Jin Kim, Won Seog Kim; Received May 8, 2025 Accepted June 26, 2025 Published online June 30, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2025.491 [Epub ahead of print]

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy using lentiviral vectors can lead to false-positive human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) RNA detection, making distinguishing true infection from vector-related signals challenging. A 64-year-old male with relapsed/refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma underwent multiple lines of treatment, including R-CHOP, R-ICE, autologous stem cell transplantation, and tisagenlecleucel (tisa-cel, Kymriah). Infectious disease screening before CAR T-cell therapy was negative for HIV. However, 4 months post-infusion, during evaluation for second-line CD20-targeted CAR T-cell therapy, HIV RNA was detected in Roche Cobas HIV-1 assay targeted dual target, 5′ long terminal repeat (5′ LTR) and gag gene (48 copies/mL). Serial testing showed persistent but low-level positivity of HIV RNA. Retrospective analysis of stored serum samples revealed HIV RNA negativity before tisa-cel infusion but positivity post-infusion in Roche Cobas HIV-1 assay. Additional testing using the Alinity m HIV-1 assay (dual target: 5′ LTR and pol gene) and the Abbott RealTime HIV-1 assay (single-target: pol gene) confirmed that only the dual-target assay yielded positive results, suggesting lentiviral vector cross-reactivity rather than actual HIV infection. This case underscores the potential for false-positive HIV-1 RNA detection in CAR T-cell treatment recipients due to vector-derived sequences, emphasizing the need for cautious interpretation of HIV-1 testing.

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CAR-T Cell Therapy for HIV Cure: Current Challenges, Advances and Future Directions
Monica-Daniela Padurariu-Covit, Costinela Georgescu, Mihaela Andreescu, Iulia Chiscop, Catalin Plesea-Condratovici, Manuela Arbune
Viruses.2025; 17(12): 1615. CrossRef

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Original Articles

A Phase II Study of Daratumumab in Combination with Bortezomib and Dexamethasone in Patients with Multiple Myeloma Who Received One Prior Line of Therapy (KMM1906): Kwai Han Yoo, Sang Eun Yoon, Ka-Won Kang, Jun Ho Yi, Min Kyoung Kim, Hyo Jung Kim, Sung-Hyun Kim, Joon Seong Park, Sung-Hoon Jung, Je-Jung Lee, Chang-Ki Min, Jae Hoon Lee, Duck Cho, Kihyun Kim; Received April 18, 2025 Accepted June 27, 2025 Published online June 30, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2025.426 [Epub ahead of print]

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub: Purpose
Daratumumab combined with bortezomib and dexamethasone (DVd) has been established as the standard treatment for relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (MM) based on pivotal phase 3 trials. A subgroup analysis demonstrated enhanced efficacy in the second-line setting, although the fixed duration of bortezomib administration remained a limitation. Therefore, we conducted a phase II trial evaluating continuous bortezomib as maintenance in a DVd regimen for second-line treatment
Materials and Methods
This phase II study (KCT0004352) enrolled patients with MM receiving second-line DVd therapy: daratumumab (16 mg/kg IV, weekly for cycles 1-3, every 3 weeks for cycles 4-8, every 4 weeks thereafter), bortezomib (1.3 mg/m² subcutaneously, twice weekly for cycles 1-8, biweekly thereafter), and dexamethasone (20 mg IV or orally on treatment days), as in the pivotal trial. After nine cycles, daratumumab and bortezomib were continued until progression or unacceptable toxicity. The primary endpoint was a ≥ very good partial response (VGPR). Secondary endpoints included progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), safety, and minimal residual disease (MRD) negativity assessed by EuroFlow-based next-generation flow in bone marrow.
Results
Between June 2020 and 2021, 26 patients (median age, 72 years) from 10 Korean centers were enrolled. All had one prior treatment line; 73% had prior bortezomib, and 69% had prior immunomodulators. At a median follow-up of 25.4 months, 65% discontinued due to progression, death, or withdrawal. VGPR or better was achieved in 65%, with 23% MRD-negative. Median PFS was 21.8 months; OS was not reached. The 24-month OS rate was 69.2%. Grade 3 adverse events included thrombocytopenia and lymphopenia; 31% had serious adverse events, and 65% required dose modifications.
Conclusion
Continuous DVd therapy showed promising efficacy and manageable toxicity as a second-line option.

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Hematologic malignancy

Real-World Effectiveness and Safety of Intravenous Daratumumab in Patients with Multiple Myeloma: A Multicenter, Observational Study from Korea: Youngil Koh, Sung-Soo Yoon, Kihyun Kim, Je-Jung Lee, Sung-Hoon Jung, Sang Eun Yoon, Sung-Soo Park, YoungJu Park, Soomin Yoon, Chang-Ki Min; Cancer Res Treat. 2025;57(3):883-890. Published online December 24, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2024.781

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
Daratumumab is a novel, first-in-class monoclonal antibody approved for use as monotherapy and in combination with other treatments for patients with multiple myeloma (MM). The aim of this observational study was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of daratumumab in real-world clinical practice.
Materials and Methods
This observational multicenter study collected data from patients with MM treated in Korea between June 1, 2018, and February 28, 2022.
Results
A total of 125 patients with a diagnosis of MM were included and followed until discontinuation or completion of 52 weeks’ follow-up. The median age was 67 years, and 97.6% of patients received more than three prior lines of therapy. The overall response rate was 52.5% (95% confidence interval [CI], 43.2 to 61.8), and a very good partial response was observed in 19.5% of patients (95% CI, 12.8 to 27.8). Of the patients who achieved a partial or higher response (52.5%), the median time to first response was 2.4 months (95% CI, 1.8 to 3.4), and the median time from start of daratumumab treatment until progressive disease was 4.1 months (95% CI, 2.9 to 5.1). Fever (24.0%) was the most frequently recorded adverse event (AE), while anemia (8.8%) and neutropenia (8.0%) were the most frequently observed grade 3-4 AEs. Overall, no unexpected safety signals were observed.
Conclusion
In a rapidly evolving treatment landscape, this analysis provides insight into the real-world outcomes for patients with MM receiving daratumumab in Korea and reveals that real-world outcomes were improved over results demonstrated in a clinical trial setting.

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Guidelines and consensus for minimal residual disease-adapted therapy in multiple myeloma from the Pan-Pacific multiple myeloma working group
Wenming Chen, Zhen Cai, Chor Sang Chim, Wee Joo Chng, Juan Du, Chengcheng Fu, Wen Gao, Ichiro Hanamura, Jian Hou, Jeffrey Shang-Yi Huang, Tadao Ishida, Chunrui Li, Aijun Liu, Vadim Ptushkin, Naoki Takezako, Raymond Siu Ming Wong, Dok Hyun Yoon
Clinical Hematology International.2026;[Epub] CrossRef

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Clinical Impact of Microbiome Characteristics in Treatment-Naïve Extranodal NK/T-Cell Lymphoma Patients: Sang Eun Yoon, Woorim Kang, Junhun Cho, Mauricio Chalita, Je Hee Lee, Dong-Wook Hyun, Hyun Kim, Seok Jin Kim, Won Seog Kim; Cancer Res Treat. 2025;57(2):597-611. Published online August 16, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2024.675

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub: Purpose
Extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma (ENKTL) predominantly manifests in East Asia and Latin America. Despite shared intrinsic factors, such as ethnic and genetic backgrounds, the progression of ENKTL can be influenced by extrinsic factors related to changing lifestyle patterns.
Materials and Methods
This study collected stool samples from newly diagnosed (ND)–ENKTL patients (n=40) and conducted whole genome shotgun sequencing.
Results
ND-ENKTL revealed reduced alpha diversity in ND-ENKTL compared to healthy controls (HCs) (p=0.008), with Enterobacteriaceae abundance significantly contributing to the beta diversity difference between ENKTL and HCs (p < 0.001). Functional analysis indicated upregulated aerobic metabolism and degradation of aromatic compounds in ND-ENKTL. Enterobacteriaceae were associated not only with clinical data explaining disease status (serum C-reactive protein, stage, prognosis index of natural killer cell lymphoma [PINK], and PINK-E) but also with clinical outcomes (early relapse and short progression-free survival). The relative abundance of Enterobacteriaceae at the family level was similar between ENKTL and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) (p=0.140). However, the ENKTL exhibited a higher abundance of Escherichia, in contrast to the prevalence of Enterobacter and Citrobacter in DLBCL. Linear regression analysis demonstrated a significant association between Escherichia abundance and programmed cell death-ligand-1 (PD-L1) levels in tissue samples (p=0.025), whereas no correlation with PD-L1 was observed for Enterobacteriaceae at the family level (p=0.571).
Conclusion
ND-ENKTL exhibited an abundance of Enterobacteriaceae and a dominant presence of Escherichia. These microbial characteristics correlated with disease status, treatment outcomes, and PD-L1 expression, suggesting the potential of the ENKTL microbiome as a biomarker and cause of lymphomagenesis, which warrants further exploration.

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Assessing the Efficacy of Bortezomib and Dexamethasone for Induction and Maintenance Therapy in Relapsed/Refractory Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma: A Phase II CISL1701/BIC Study: Yoon Seok Choi, Joonho Shim, Ka-Won Kang, Sang Eun Yoon, Jun Sik Hong, Sung Nam Lim, Ho-Young Yhim, Jung Hye Kwon, Gyeong-Won Lee, Deok-Hwan Yang, Sung Yong Oh, Ho-Jin Shin, Hyeon-Seok Eom, Dok Hyun Yoon, Hong Ghi Lee, Seong Hyun Jeong, Won Seog Kim, Seok Jin Kim; Cancer Res Treat. 2025;57(1):267-279. Published online July 16, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2024.479

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
This multicenter, open-label, phase II trial evaluated the efficacy and safety of bortezomib combined with dexamethasone for the treatment of relapsed/refractory cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) in previously treated patients across 14 institutions in South Korea.
Materials and Methods
Between September 2017 and July 2020, 29 patients with histologically confirmed CTCL received treatment, consisting of eight 4-week cycles of induction therapy followed by maintenance therapy, contingent upon response, for up to one year. The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients achieving an objective global response.
Results
Thirteen of the 29 patients (44.8%) achieved an objective global response, including two complete responses. The median progression-free survival (PFS) was 5.8 months, with responders showing a median PFS of 14.0 months. Treatment-emergent adverse events were generally mild, with a low incidence of peripheral neuropathy and hematologic toxicities. Despite the trend toward shorter PFS in patients with higher mutation burdens, genomic profiling before and after treatment showed no significant emergence of new mutations indicative of disease progression.
Conclusion
This study supports the use of bortezomib and dexamethasone as a viable and safe treatment option for previously treated CTCL, demonstrating substantial efficacy and manageability in adverse effects. Further research with a larger cohort is suggested to validate these findings and explore the prognostic value of mutation profiles.

Citations

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Resminostat for maintenance treatment in patients with advanced-stage mycosis fungoides or Sézary syndrome: a multicentre, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial
Rudolf Stadler, Pietro Quaglino, F J Sherida H Woei-A-Jin, Reinhard Dummer, Christina Mitteldorf, Evangelia Papadavid, Pablo L Ortiz Romero, Emmanuella Guenova, Riichiro Abe, Richard Cowan, Martine Bagot, Stéphane Dalle, Taku Fujimura, Thilo Gambichler, S
The Lancet Haematology.2026; 13(2): e98. CrossRef
Emerging Therapeutic Strategies in Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma: A Comprehensive Review of Clinical Trials
Yoni Sacknovitz, Rachel Ma, Christina M. Bear, Maggie H. Zhou, Joshua A. Kent, Larisa J. Geskin
American Journal of Clinical Dermatology.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
Influence of Hypoxia on Tumor Heterogeneity, DNA Repair, and Cancer Therapy: From Molecular Insights to Therapeutic Strategies
Dominika Kunachowicz, Paulina Tomecka, Mikołaj Sędzik, Jarosław Kalinin, Jacek Kuźnicki, Nina Rembiałkowska
Cells.2025; 14(14): 1057. CrossRef

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Feasibility of Circulating Tumor DNA Analysis in Patients with Follicular Lymphoma: Sang Eun Yoon, Seung-Ho Shin, Dae Keun Nam, Junhun Cho, Won Seog Kim, Seok Jin Kim; Cancer Res Treat. 2024;56(3):920-935. Published online January 16, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2023.869

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
The feasibility of sequencing circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in plasma as a biomarker to predict early relapse or poor prognosis in patients with follicular lymphoma (FL) receiving systemic immunochemotherapy is not clear.
Materials and Methods
We sequenced DNA from cell-free plasma that was serially obtained from newly diagnosed FL patients undergoing systemic immunochemotherapy. The mutation profiles of ctDNA at the time of diagnosis and at response evaluation and relapse and/or progression were compared with clinical course and treatment outcomes.
Results
Forty samples from patients receiving rituximab-containing immunochemotherapy were analyzed. Baseline sequencing detected mutations in all cases, with the major detected mutations being KMT2C (50%), CREBBP (45%), and KMT2D (45%). The concentration of ctDNA and tumor mutation burden showed a significant association with survival outcome. In particular, the presence of mutations in CREBBP and TP53 showed poor prognosis compared with patients without them. Longitudinal analysis of ctDNA using serially collected plasma samples showed an association between persistence or reappearance of ctDNA mutations and disease relapse or progression.
Conclusion
Analysis of ctDNA mutations in plasma at diagnosis might help predict outcome of disease, while analysis during follow-up may help to monitor disease status of patients with advanced FL. However, the feasibility of ctDNA measurement must be improved in order for it to become an appropriate and clinically relevant test in FL patients.

Citations

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Feasibility of Circulating Tumor DNA Detection in the Cerebrospinal Fluid of Patients With Central Nervous System Involvement in Large B-Cell Lymphoma
Seok Jin Kim, Jin Ju Kim, Mi Ri Park, Bon Park, Kyung Ju Ryu, Sang Eun Yoon, Won Seog Kim, Saeam Shin, Seung-Tae Lee
Annals of Laboratory Medicine.2025; 45(1): 90. CrossRef
Circulating tumor DNA in lymphoma: technologies and applications
Lina Fu, Xuerong Zhou, Xiaoyu Zhang, Xuhua Li, Fan Zhang, Hongcang Gu, Xiaoxue Wang
Journal of Hematology & Oncology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Molecular pathology of lymphoma and its treatment strategies: from mechanistic elucidation to precision medicine
Zhongyu Wang, Shuai Feng, Xiangmei Yao, Renbin Zhao, Yujin Li, Maofeng Zheng, Zengzheng Li, Yajie Wang
Frontiers in Immunology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Combined PET and ctDNA response as a predictor of POD24 for follicular lymphoma after first-line induction treatment
Alexis Claudel, Anne-Ségolène Cottereau, Emmanuel Bachy, Emmanuel Itti, Pierre Feugier, Cedric Rossi, Francois Lemonnier, Vincent Camus, Nicolas Daguindau, Guillaume Cartron, Emmanuelle Nicolas-Virelizier, Diana-Laure Mboumba, Christophe Cardoso, Côme Bom
Blood.2025; 146(8): 913. CrossRef
Metabolic-immune axis in the tumor microenvironment: a new strategy for prognostic assessment and precision therapy in DLBCL and FL
Chengqian Chen, Wei Guo, Haotian Wang, Luming Cao, Ou Bai
Frontiers in Immunology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Genetic analysis of cell-free DNA in follicular lymphoma in comparison with tissue-derived DNA
Yoshikazu Hori, Hiroki Hosoi, Mitsuo Osuga, Ryuta Iwamoto, Fumiyo Maekawa, Tadashi Okamura, Shogo Murata, Toshiki Mushino, Motomi Osato, Hitoshi Ohno, Nobuyuki Yamamoto, Shin-Ichi Murata, Yasuhiro Koh, Sonoki Takashi
Leukemia & Lymphoma.2025; 66(14): 2633. CrossRef
Clinical applications of circulating tumor DNA in hematological malignancies: From past to the future
Jun-Ying Li, Li-Ping Zuo, Jian Xu, Chun-Yan Sun
Blood Reviews.2024; 68: 101237. CrossRef
Molecular Biomarkers in Prediction of High-Grade Transformation and Outcome in Patients with Follicular Lymphoma: A Comprehensive Systemic Review
Marie Hairing Enemark, Jonas Klejs Hemmingsen, Maja Lund Jensen, Robert Kridel, Maja Ludvigsen
International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2024; 25(20): 11179. CrossRef

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Pembrolizumab for Patients with Relapsed or Refractory Extranodal NK/T-Cell Lymphoma in Korea: Ji Yun Lee, Ji Hyun Kwon, Joon Young Hur, Jun Ho Yi, Ji Hyun Lee, Hyungwoo Cho, Young Rok Do, Jae-Cheol Jo, Hye Jin Kang, Yougil Koh, Won Sik Lee, Sung Nam Lim, Sang Eun Yoon, Seok Jin Kim, Jeong-Ok Lee; Cancer Res Treat. 2024;56(2):681-687. Published online November 10, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2023.1042

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Purpose
Programmed death-1 blockade with pembrolizumab has shown promising activity in relapsed/refractory (R/R) extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma (NKTCL), but studies are limited, with small patient numbers.
Materials and Methods
Thirteen institutes involved with the Consortium for Improving Survival of Lymphoma, a Korean lymphoma study group, collected the clinical data of 59 patients treated with pembrolizumab as salvage therapy between 2016 and 2022.
Results
The median age of the patients was 60 years (range, 22 to 87 years), and 76.3% had advanced Ann Abor stage disease. Pembrolizumab was given to 35.6%, 40.7%, and 23.7% of the patients as second-, third-, and fourth- or higher-line chemotherapy, respectively. The overall response rate was 40.7%, with 28.8% having complete response. The estimated 2-year progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival rates for all patients were 21.5% and 28.7%, respectively; for responders, the rates were 53.0% and 60.7%, respectively. Although not statistically significant, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status ≥ 2 (hazard ratio [HR], 1.91; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.93 to 3.94; p=0.078) and stage III or IV disease (HR, 2.59; 95% CI, 0.96 to 6.96; p=0.060) were associated with a trend toward shorter PFS in multivariate analysis. Grade 3 or 4 adverse events (AEs) were noted in 12 patients (20.3%); neutropenia (10.2%), fatigue (6.8%), and pneumonitis (5.1%) were most common AEs.
Conclusion
In conclusion, while pembrolizumab had a modest effect on patients with R/R NKTCL, it may be a useful salvage therapy for patients with localized disease and good performance status.

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Anti-PD-1 antibody combined with P-GEMOX chemotherapy versus P-GEMOX chemotherapy with or without autologous stem-cell transplantation for previously untreated advanced natural killer/T cell lymphoma: a retrospective cohort study
Qihua Zou, Yi Cao, Liang Wang, Wuping Li, Qingsong Yin, Yudan Wu, Hongmei Jing, Zhigang Peng, Xiuhua Sun, Jun Rao, Ying Chen, Hongyu Zhang, Dongfeng Zeng, Bingzong Li, Ying Zhao, Xudong Zhang, Yuchen Zhang, Yan Gao, Bing Bai, Yi Xia, Yu Fang, Zouxiang Che
Blood Cancer Journal.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
Molecular biologic and Epstein-Barr virologic advances in extranodal natural killer/T cell lymphoma over the past four decades
Yasuaki Harabuchi
Auris Nasus Larynx.2026; 53(3): 393. CrossRef
Immunotherapy in NK/T-Cell Lymphoma: Mechanisms, Clinical Evidence, Resistance, and Emerging Multimodal Strategies
Qihao Zhang, Xin Wang
Cancers.2026; 18(9): 1358. CrossRef
Outcomes With First‐Line PD1 Inhibitors in Extranodal NK/T‐Cell Lymphoma: A Comparative Analysis From a 755‐Patient Multicenter Cohort
Hailing Liu, Mei Sun, Chunling Wang, Xiaoqiong Tang, Lixia Sheng, Jie Ma, Xuzhang Lu, Hongming Huang, Jinning Shi, Ran Li, Jing Zhang, Manling Chen, Lei Cao, Haorui Shen, Jianyong Li, Wei Wang, Xia Zhao, Kaiyang Ding, Lei Fan
American Journal of Hematology.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
An evaluation of sugemalimab for the treatment of relapsed or refractory extranodal natural killer T-cell lymphoma
Yingfang Feng, Xia Liu, Jingwei Yu, Zheng Song, Lanfang Li, Lihua Qiu, Shiyong Zhou, Zhengzi Qian, Xianhuo Wang, Huilai Zhang
Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy.2025; 25(1): 9. CrossRef
Early growth response 1 as a key regulator of PD-L1 expression and immune evasion in extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma
Ji Yun Lee, Kui-Jin Kim, Woochan Park, Jeongmin Seo, Minsu Kang, Eun Hee Jung, Sang-A Kim, Koung Jin Suh, Ji-Won Kim, Se Hyun Kim, Jeong-Ok Lee, Jin Won Kim, Yu Jung Kim, Keun-Wook Lee, Jee Hyun Kim, Soo-Mee Bang, Tae Min Kim, Jin Ho Paik
Blood Cancer Journal.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Efficacy of combined CD38 and PD-1 inhibition with isatuximab and cemiplimab for relapsed/refractory NK/T-cell lymphoma
Seok Jin Kim, Jing Quan Lim, Sang Eun Yoon, Deok-Hwan Yang, Ji Hyun Lee, Sung Yong Oh, Yoon Seok Choi, Seong Hyun Jeong, Min Kyoung Kim, Sung Nam Lim, Junhun Cho, Bon Park, Kyung Ju Ryu, Seunghyun Choi, Yoon Park, Kerry May Huifen Lim, Nur Ayuni Binte Muh
Blood.2025; 146(2): 155. CrossRef
Pembrolizumab

Reactions Weekly.2024; 2025(1): 390. CrossRef

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Efficacy of Salvage Treatments in Relapsed or Refractory Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma Including Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell Therapy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis: Jinchul Kim, Jinhyun Cho, Sang Eun Yoon, Won Seog Kim, Seok Jin Kim; Cancer Res Treat. 2023;55(3):1031-1047. Published online March 13, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2022.1658

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
We intend to evaluate the efficacy of salvage treatments for relapsed or refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (R/R DLBCL) through meta-analysis.
Materials and Methods
R/R DLBCL trials were divided into two groups based on eligibility for autologous stem-cell transplantation (ASCT), and meta-analysis of each group was performed. Random effects models were used to estimate the 1-year progression-free survival (PFS) rate, and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy was used as reference treatment.
Results
Twenty-six ASCT-eligible cohorts from 17 studies comprising 2,924 patients and 59 ASCT-ineligible cohorts from 53 studies comprising 3,617 patients were included in the pooled analysis. In the ASCT-eligible group, the pooled 1-year PFS rate was 0.40 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.15 to 0.65) for the CAR T-cell group and 0.34 (95% CI, 0.30 to 0.37) for the group with chemotherapy followed by ASCT intention. The two treatments were not significantly different in meta-regression analysis. In the ASCT-ineligible group, the pooled 1-year PFS was 0.40 (95% CI, 0.35 to 0.46) for CAR T-cell, and the highest primary outcome was 0.47 (95% CI, 0.37 to 0.57) for the tafasitamab group. CAR T-cell therapy showed significantly better outcomes than chemotherapy and therapies based on ibrutinib, lenalidomide, and selinexor. However, loncastuximab, polatuzumab plus bendamustine and rituximab, and the tafasitamab group showed no different efficacy than CAR T-cell therapy after adjusting for median number of previous lines of treatment.
Conclusion
Although several regimens were crudely grouped for classification, CAR T-cell therapy did not outperform chemotherapy followed by ASCT in the second-line setting or several recently developed agents in the ASCT-ineligible setting.

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Qiang Li, Shenghua Xu, Yun Zhong, Peng Rao, Hui Huang, Yan Huang
Therapeutic Advances in Hematology.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
Real-World Effectiveness of Chemoimmunotherapy and Novel Therapies for Patients With Relapsed/Refractory Aggressive Large B-Cell Lymphoma
Loretta J. Nastoupil, Clark R. Andersen, Amy Ayers, Yucai Wang, Thomas M. Habermann, Dai Chihara, Brad S. Kahl, Brian K. Link, Jean L. Koff, Jonathon B. Cohen, Peter Martin, Izidore S. Lossos, Michele Stanchina, Sara Haddadi, Carla Casulo, Sabarish Ayyapp
Clinical Lymphoma Myeloma and Leukemia.2025; 25(4): e183. CrossRef
Efficacy and safety of polatuzumab-vedotin plus bendamustine and rituximab in patients with relapsed/refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Hanzala Ahmed Farooqi, Muhammad Saffi Ullah, Ahmed Raza, Zain Sadiq, Wardah Ali Shaikh, Rahmah Muhammad, Muhammad Shoaib Hussain
Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology.2025; 207: 104611. CrossRef
Efficacy and Safety of Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR)-T Cell Therapy in Patients with Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
Abdur Jamil, Zaheer Qureshi, Rimsha Siddique, Faryal Altaf, Hamzah Akram, Rohma Jamil, Shehroz Aslam, Insija I. Selene
American Journal of Clinical Oncology.2025; 48(5): 262. CrossRef
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Case Report

Case Report of Erdheim-Chester Disease Successfully Treated with Pegylated Interferon: A Single-Center Experience: Yujin Lim, Sang Eun Yoon, Junhun Cho, Darae Kim, Chul Won Jung; Cancer Res Treat. 2023;55(3):1053-1057. Published online January 19, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2022.1535

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Erdheim-Chester disease (ECD), also known as non-Langerhans cell histiocytosis, is a multi-systemic disease with unclear pathogenesis. Based on a small number of case studies, pegylated interferon-α (PEG-IFN-α) has been used as the front-line treatment option. However, there are limited data regarding administration of ropegylated-interferon α-2b (ROPEG-IFN-α 2b) for ECD patients. Herein, we report two cases of severe ECD treated with two types of PEG-IFN-α. One patient with heart and skeleton involvement and BRAF V600E mutation was treated with weekly PEG-IFN-α 2a. Another patient with bone involvement and no BRAF V600E mutation was administered monthly ROPEG-IFN-α 2b. The two types of PEG-IFN-α showed excellent disease control, excellent survival outcomes, and manageable toxicities in ECD patients. These results suggest that ROPEG-IFN-α 2b could be used equivalently to PEG-IFN-α 2a for management of advanced ECD.

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An Autopsied Case of Erdheim-Chester Disease with Severe Cardiovascular Involvement
Atsushi Matsunashi, Wang Zhipeng, Akihiko Sugimoto, Masakazu Fujimoto, Akihiko Yoshizawa, Ryo Sakamoto, Michihiro Uyama, Kohei Ikezoe, Kiminobu Tanizawa, Tomohiro Handa, Toyohiro Hirai
Internal Medicine.2025; 64(12): 1877. CrossRef
Recent advances in therapeutic strategies of Erdheim-Chester disease
Rohit Doke, Rahul Lokhande, Kalyani Chande, Kuldeep Vinchurkar, Bhupendra G. Prajapati
Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology.2025; 398(6): 6407. CrossRef
Erdheim–Chester disease: Comprehensive insights from genetic mutations to clinical manifestations and therapeutic advances
Rishabh Chaudhary, Anand Kumar, Alpana Singh, Vipul Agarwal, Mujeeba Rehman, Arjun Singh Kaushik, Siddhi Srivastava, Sukriti Srivastava, Vikas Mishra
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Aniruddha Murahar Kulkarni, Prasanna Kumar Reddy Gayam, Jesil Mathew Aranjani
Life Sciences.2024; 348: 122692. CrossRef

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Original Articles

Hematologic malignancy

A New Prognostic Index for Extranodal Natural Killer/T-Cell Lymphoma:Incorporation of Serum β-2 Microglobulin to PINK: Sora Kang, Hyungwoo Cho, Shin Kim, Kyoungmin Lee, Eun Hee Kang, Jung Sun Park, Yoon Sei Lee, Chan-Sik Park, Heounjeong Go, Jooryung Huh, Jin Sook Ryu, Sang-Wook Lee, Seok Jin Kim, Won Seog Kim, Sang Eun Yoon, Young Hyeh Ko, Cheolwon Suh; Cancer Res Treat. 2023;55(1):314-324. Published online March 31, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2022.015

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
Prognostic Index for Natural Killer Lymphoma (PINK) is the most widely accepted prognostic model for patients withextranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma (ENKTL) treated with non-anthracycline–based therapy. We aimed to evaluate the prognostic implications of serum β-2 microglobulin (β2M) in the context of PINK and proposed a new prognostic model.
Materials and Methods
A total of 138 patients who were newly diagnosed with ENKTL and treated with non-anthracycline-based chemotherapy were identified. The cut-off value of high serum β2M was calculated by maximal-chi square methods (4.1 mg/L). A new prognostic model incorporating serum β2M into PINK was proposed and validated in an independent validation cohort (n=88).
Results
The patients’ median age was 53.5 years (range, 19 to 80 years). Patients with high serum β2M levels had significantly worse overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). In multivariate analysis, high serum β2M was an independent adverse prognostic factor for OS. A new PINK-B (Prognostic Index for Natural Killer Lymphoma-serum β-2 microglobulin) model stratifiedpatients into three groups with distinct OS and PFS in the training cohort (3-year OS, 84.1% [95% confidence interval, 75.1 to 94.2], 46.8% [36.1 to 60.8] and 17.6% [6.3 to 49.2] for the low-, intermediate, and high-risk groups, respectively; 3-year PFS, 70.6% [59.4 to 83.8], 35.9% [25.9 to 49.8], and 7.35% [1.1 to 46.7] for the low-, intermediate-, and high-risk groups, respectively). The PINK-B model was further validated in an independent cohort.
Conclusion
Serum β2M is an independent prognostic factor for ENKTL patients. The new serum β2M-based prognostic model may be useful for identifying ultra-high-risk patients, and it can easily be adopted into daily clinical practice.

Citations

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Epstein‐Barr Virus‐positive NK/T‐cell Malignancies in Poland: Distinctive Features, Therapeutic Strategies, and Survival Insights—The Real‐world Retrospective Report of the Polish Lymphoma Research Group
Kateryna Filonenko, Ewa Paszkiewicz‐Kozik, Joanna Drozd‐Sokolowska, Marcin Szymanski, Agnieszka Giza, Anna Kopinska, Ewa Chmielowska, Jan Maciej Zaucha
Asia-Pacific Journal of Clinical Oncology.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
A Bloody Mimic of Crohn’s Disease: Primary Intestinal EBV-Positive NK/T-Cell Lymphoma
Alexander Iacobucci, Joshua Norman, Elsie Ennin, Sebastian Fernandez-Pol, George Triadafilopoulos, Grant Barber
Digestive Diseases and Sciences.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
Beta-2 microglobulin in lymphoma
Gaurav Gupta, Muhammad Afzal, Ahsas Goyal, G. PadmaPriya, Manish Srivastava, Kattela Chennakesavulu, Biswaranjan Mohanty, A. Rekha, Avijit Mazumder, Kavita Goyal, Haider Ali, Moyad Shahwan
Clinica Chimica Acta.2025; 576: 120418. CrossRef
Asparaginase Hypersensitivity Reactions in NK/T-Cell Lymphomas
Javier Varela Gonzalez-Aller, Pablo Nadal, Salome Cañizares, Carmen Muñoz, Anna Valer, Eva Gonzalez-Barca, Eva Domingo, Ana Sureda, Silvana Novelli
Clinics and Practice.2025; 15(11): 211. CrossRef
Elevated serum IL-6 and total IgEAb are associated with poor survival in natural killer/T-cell lymphoma
Yun Hui, Yingjun Gao, Jiawei Li, Qingtao Kong, Yuanyuan Duan, Haibo Liu, Fang Liu, Hong Sang
Annals of Hematology.2024; 103(4): 1285. CrossRef
Prognostic Impact of Serum β2-Microglobulin Levels in Hodgkin Lymphoma Treated with ABVD or Equivalent Regimens: A Comprehensive Analysis of 915 Patients
Theodoros P. Vassilakopoulos, Maria Arapaki, Panagiotis T. Diamantopoulos, Athanasios Liaskas, Fotios Panitsas, Marina P. Siakantaris, Maria Dimou, Styliani I. Kokoris, Sotirios Sachanas, Marina Belia, Chrysovalantou Chatzidimitriou, Elianna A. Konstantin
Cancers.2024; 16(2): 238. CrossRef
Prognostic Value of18F-FDG PET/CT Radiomics in Extranodal Nasal-Type NK/T Cell Lymphoma
Yu Luo, Zhun Huang, Zihan Gao, Bingbing Wang, Yanwei Zhang, Yan Bai, Qingxia Wu, Meiyun Wang
Korean Journal of Radiology.2024; 25(2): 189. CrossRef
A novel prognostic index for extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma in the era of pegaspargase/L-asparaginase
Ziyuan Shen, Xudong Zhang, Yujie Li, Xicheng Chen, Xing Xing, Hao Zhang, Jingjing Ye, Ling Wang, Tao Jia, Taigang Zhu, Yuqing Miao, Chunling Wang, Hui Liu, Liang Wang, Wei Sang
Future Oncology.2024; 20(28): 2071. CrossRef

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Circulating Tumor DNA–Based Genotyping and Monitoring for Predicting Disease Relapses of Patients with Peripheral T-Cell Lymphomas: Seok Jin Kim, Yeon Jeong Kim, Sang Eun Yoon, Kyung Ju Ryu, Bon Park, Donghyun Park, Duck Cho, Hyun-Young Kim, Junhun Cho, Young Hyeh Ko, Woong-Yang Park, Won Seog Kim; Cancer Res Treat. 2023;55(1):291-303. Published online March 2, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2022.017

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
Plasma circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) could reflect the genetic alterations present in tumor tissues. However, there is little information about the clinical relevance of cell-free DNA genotyping in peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL).
Materials and Methods
After targeted sequencing plasma cell-free DNA of patients with various subtypes of PTCL (n=94), we analyzed the mutation profiles of plasma ctDNA samples and their predictive value of dynamic ctDNA monitoring for treatment outcomes.
Results
Plasma ctDNA mutations were detected in 53 patients (56%, 53/94), and the detection rate of somatic mutations was highest in angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (24/31, 77%) and PTCL, not otherwise specified (18/29, 62.1%). Somatic mutations were detected in 51 of 66 genes that were sequenced, including the following top 10 ranked genes: RHOA, CREBBP, KMT2D, TP53, IDH2, ALK, MEF2B, SOCS1, CARD11, and KRAS. In the longitudinal assessment of ctDNA mutation, the difference in ctDNA mutation volume after treatment showed a significant correlation with disease relapse or progression. Thus, a ≥ 1.5-log decrease in genome equivalent (GE) between baseline and the end of treatment showed a significant association with better survival outcomes than a < 1.5-log decrease in GE.
Conclusion
Our results suggest the clinical relevance of plasma ctDNA analysis in patients with PTCL. However, our findings should be validated by a subsequent study with a larger study population and using a broader gene panel.

Citations

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Epigenetic landscape of angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma: From molecular pathogenesis to precision therapeutics
Ang Li, Hao Hu, Xuefei Liu, Na Xiao, Feizhen Wu, Miaoxia He
Genes & Diseases.2026; : 102064. CrossRef
Integrating Artificial Intelligence, Circulating Tumor DNA, and Real-World Evidence to Optimize Hematologic Clinical Trials: Toward Adaptive and Learning Trial Designs
Abdurraouf Mokhtar Mahmoud, Jasmitaben Prakashbhai Touti, Syed Rubina Zaidi, Ahad Ahmed Kodipad, Clara Deambrogi
Cancers.2026; 18(7): 1173. CrossRef
Clinical use of circulating tumor DNA analysis in patients with lymphoma
Bettina Bisig, Karine Lefort, Sylvain Carras, Laurence de Leval
Human Pathology.2025; 156: 105679. CrossRef
Feasibility of Circulating Tumor DNA Detection in the Cerebrospinal Fluid of Patients With Central Nervous System Involvement in Large B-Cell Lymphoma
Seok Jin Kim, Jin Ju Kim, Mi Ri Park, Bon Park, Kyung Ju Ryu, Sang Eun Yoon, Won Seog Kim, Saeam Shin, Seung-Tae Lee
Annals of Laboratory Medicine.2025; 45(1): 90. CrossRef
Circulating tumor DNA in lymphoma: technologies and applications
Lina Fu, Xuerong Zhou, Xiaoyu Zhang, Xuhua Li, Fan Zhang, Hongcang Gu, Xiaoxue Wang
Journal of Hematology & Oncology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Liquid Biopsy in B and T Cell Lymphomas: From Bench to Bedside
Mohammad Almasri, Nawar Maher, Bashar Al Deeban, Ndeye Marie Diop, Riccardo Moia, Gianluca Gaidano
International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2025; 26(10): 4869. CrossRef
Angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma: a concise overview encompassing the pathogenetic, pathological, clinical, therapeutical characteristics, and recent advances
Yan Feng, Yaxian Ma, Tongjuan Li, Min Liu, Zetong Hong, Qing Yin, Miao Zheng
Clinical and Experimental Medicine.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Circulating Tumour DNA Is a Biomarker of Response in Angioimmunoblastic T-Cell Lymphoma
Costas Kleanthes Yannakou, Simon Wu, Karthik Rajah, Chathuri Abeyakoon, Caitlyn Nguyen-Ngo, Yan Zhuang Yap, James Sheldon, Piers Blombery, Henry Miles Prince
International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2025; 26(14): 6719. CrossRef
Relapsed and refractory peripheral T-cell lymphoma; treatment, challenges and future perspectives
Frederik O. Meeuwes, Yasmina I.M. Serroukh, Marjolein W. M. van der Poel, Wouter J. Plattel, Marcel Nijland
Leukemia & Lymphoma.2025; 66(13): 2341. CrossRef
Clinical implications of ctDNA-based minimal residual disease detection in newly diagnosed peripheral T-cell lymphoma: a single-center cohort study
Jin-Hua Liang, Wei Hua, Hua Yin, Yue Li, Xin-Yi Zhang, Jun-Heng Liang, Liu-Qing Zhu, Rui Gao, Chen-Xuan Wang, Yang Shao, Bi-Hui Pan, Xin-Yu Zhang, Jia-Zhu Wu, Qiu-Xiang Ou, Jian-Yong Li, Hao-Rui Shen, Li Wang, Wei Xu
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Personalized Immunotherapy for T Cell Lymphomas: From Immune Escape to Precision Therapeutics
Joshua M. L. Casan, Xiao Jing Ong, Carrie van der Weyden, Costas K. Yannakou, Joe Zhu, Criselle D’Souza, Paul Neeson, H. Miles Prince
Journal of Personalized Medicine.2025; 15(11): 560. CrossRef
Association of PET4 response with outcomes of BV-CHP vs CHOP in the ECHELON-2 trial in CD30+ peripheral T-cell lymphoma
Swaminathan Iyer, Neha Mehta-Shah, Ranjana Advani, Nancy L. Bartlett, Jacob H. Christensen, Franck Morschhauser, Eva Domingo-Domenech, Giuseppe Rossi, Won Seog Kim, Onder Alpdogan, Tatyana A. Feldman, Vincent Camus, Giuseppe Gritti, Pier Luigi Zinzani, Da
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Zongyao Huang, Yao Fu, Hong Yang, Yehan Zhou, Min Shi, Qingyun Li, Weiping Liu, Junheng Liang, Liuqing Zhu, Sheng Qin, Huangming Hong, Yang Liu
Molecular Cancer.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Feasibility of Circulating Tumor DNA Analysis in Patients with Follicular Lymphoma
Sang Eun Yoon, Seung-Ho Shin, Dae Keun Nam, Junhun Cho, Won Seog Kim, Seok Jin Kim
Cancer Research and Treatment.2024; 56(3): 920. CrossRef
Minimal residual disease detection in lymphoma: methods, procedures and clinical significance
Sijun Zhang, Xiangyu Wang, Zhenzhen Yang, Mengjie Ding, Mingzhi Zhang, Ken H. Young, Xudong Zhang
Frontiers in Immunology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Clinical applications of circulating tumor DNA in hematological malignancies: From past to the future
Jun-Ying Li, Li-Ping Zuo, Jian Xu, Chun-Yan Sun
Blood Reviews.2024; 68: 101237. CrossRef
A practical approach to the modern diagnosis and classification of T- and NK-cell lymphomas
Laurence de Leval, Philippe Gaulard, Ahmet Dogan
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In-depth circulating tumor DNA sequencing for prognostication and monitoring in natural killer/T-cell lymphomas
Jin Ju Kim, Hyun-Young Kim, Zisun Choi, So yoon Hwang, Hansol Jeong, Jong Rak Choi, Sang Eun Yoon, Won Seog Kim, Sun-Hee Kim, Hee-Jin Kim, Sang-Yong Shin, Seung-Tae Lee, Seok Jin Kim
Frontiers in Oncology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Circulating tumor DNA in NK/T and peripheral T cell lymphoma
Yu-Jia Huo, Wei-Li Zhao
Seminars in Hematology.2023; 60(3): 173. CrossRef
A genetic profiling guideline to support diagnosis and clinical management of lymphomas
Margarita Sánchez-Beato, Miriam Méndez, María Guirado, Lucía Pedrosa, Silvia Sequero, Natalia Yanguas-Casás, Luis de la Cruz-Merino, Laura Gálvez, Marta Llanos, Juan Fernando García, Mariano Provencio
Clinical and Translational Oncology.2023; 26(5): 1043. CrossRef

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Plasma Circulating Tumor DNA in Patients with Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma: Sang Eun Yoon, Yeon Jeong Kim, Joon Ho Shim, Donghyun Park, Junhun Cho, Young Hyeh Ko, Woong-Yang Park, Yeung-Chul Mun, Kyoung Eun Lee, Duck Cho, Won Seog Kim, Seok Jin Kim; Cancer Res Treat. 2022;54(2):597-612. Published online July 23, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2021.752

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
Analysis of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in blood could allow noninvasive genetic analysis of primary tumors. Although there have been unmet needs for noninvasive methods in patients with primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL), it is still not determined whether plasma ctDNA analysis could be useful for patients with PCNSL.
Materials and Methods
Targeted deep sequencing of 54 genes was performed in cell-free DNA isolated from plasma samples collected pretreatment, during treatment, and at the end of treatment in 42 consecutively diagnosed PCNSL patients between January 2017 and December 2018.
Results
Targeted sequencing of plasma cell-free DNA detected somatic mutations representing ctDNA in 11 cases (11/41, 27%). The detection of ctDNA was not related to the concentration of cell-free DNA or tumor volume. The mutation profiles of these 11 cases varied between patients. The most frequently mutated gene was PIM1 (4/11, 36.4%), whereas KMT2D, PIK3CA, and MYD88 were each observed in three patients (3/11, 27%). The mutations of 13 genes were concordantly found in primary tumor tissue and plasma ctDNA, giving a detection sensitivity of 45%. During the serial tracking of seven patients with complete response, the disappearance of ctDNA mutations was found in four patients, whereas three patients had detected ctDNA mutation at the end of treatment.
Conclusion
The plasma ctDNA mutation analysis still has limited value for surveillance and predicting treatment outcomes of PCNSL because the detection efficiency was lower than other systemic lymphomas. Thus, analytical platforms should be improved to overcome anatomical hurdles associated with PCNSL.

Citations

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Seok Jin Kim, Jin Ju Kim, Mi Ri Park, Bon Park, Kyung Ju Ryu, Sang Eun Yoon, Won Seog Kim, Saeam Shin, Seung-Tae Lee
Annals of Laboratory Medicine.2025; 45(1): 90. CrossRef
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Lina Fu, Xuerong Zhou, Xiaoyu Zhang, Xuhua Li, Fan Zhang, Hongcang Gu, Xiaoxue Wang
Journal of Hematology & Oncology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
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Veronika Navrkalova, Andrea Mareckova, Samuel Hricko, Viera Hrabcakova, Lenka Radova, Vaclav Kubes, Jakub Porc, Tomas Reigl, Sarka Pospisilova, Jana Kotaskova, Andrea Janikova
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Yujie Zhong, Geok Wee Tan, Johanna Bult, Nick Veltmaat, Wouter Plattel, Joost Kluiver, Roelien Enting, Arjan Diepstra, Anke van den Berg, Marcel Nijland
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Lakshmi Nayak, Chetan Bettegowda, Florian Scherer, Norbert Galldiks, Manmeet Ahluwalia, Alexander Baraniskin, Louisa von Baumgarten, Jacoline E C Bromberg, Andrés J M Ferreri, Christian Grommes, Khê Hoang-Xuan, Julia Kühn, James L Rubenstein, Roberta Rudà
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Sang Eun Yoon, Seung-Ho Shin, Dae Keun Nam, Junhun Cho, Won Seog Kim, Seok Jin Kim
Cancer Research and Treatment.2024; 56(3): 920. CrossRef
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Jun-Ying Li, Li-Ping Zuo, Jian Xu, Chun-Yan Sun
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Jurik A. Mutter, Stefan K. Alig, Mohammad S. Esfahani, Eliza M. Lauer, Jan Mitschke, David M. Kurtz, Julia Kühn, Sabine Bleul, Mari Olsen, Chih Long Liu, Michael C. Jin, Charles W. Macaulay, Nicolas Neidert, Timo Volk, Michel Eisenblaetter, Sebastian Raue
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Anna Katharina Foerster, Eliza M. Lauer, Florian Scherer
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Gloria Figaredo, Alejandro Martín-Muñoz, Santiago Barrio, Laura Parrilla, Yolanda Campos-Martín, María Poza, Laura Rufián, Patrocinio Algara, Marina De La Torre, Ana Jiménez Ubieto, Joaquín Martínez-López, Luis-Felipe Casado, Manuela Mollejo
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