Cancer Research and Treatment

Original Article

Sarcoma

Integrated Transcriptomic Landscape and Deep Learning Based Survival Prediction in Uterine Sarcomas: Yaolin Song, Guangqi Li, Zhenqi Zhang, Yinbo Liu, Huiqing Jia, Chao Zhang, Jigang Wang, Yanjiao Hu, Fengyun Hao, Xianglan Liu, Yunxia Xie, Ding Ma, Ganghua Li, Zaixian Tai, Xiaoming Xing; Cancer Res Treat. 2025;57(1):250-266. Published online July 10, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2024.343

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Purpose
The genomic characteristics of uterine sarcomas have not been fully elucidated. This study aimed to explore the genomic landscape of the uterine sarcomas (USs).
Materials and Methods
Comprehensive genomic analysis through RNA-sequencing was conducted. Gene fusion, differentially expressed genes (DEGs), signaling pathway enrichment, immune cell infiltration, and prognosis were analyzed. A deep learning model was constructed to predict the survival of US patients.
Results
A total of 71 US samples were examined, including 47 endometrial stromal sarcomas (ESS), 18 uterine leiomyosarcomas (uLMS), three adenosarcomas, two carcinosarcomas, and one uterine tumor resembling an ovarian sex-cord tumor. ESS (including high-grade ESS [HGESS] and low-grade ESS [LGESS]) and uLMS showed distinct gene fusion signatures; a novel gene fusion site, MRPS18A–PDC-AS1 could be a potential diagnostic marker for the pathology differential diagnosis of uLMS and ESS; 797 and 477 uterine sarcoma DEGs (uDEGs) were identified in the ESS vs. uLMS and HGESS vs. LGESS groups, respectively. The uDEGs were enriched in multiple pathways. Fifteen genes including LAMB4 were confirmed with prognostic value in USs; immune infiltration analysis revealed the prognositic value of myeloid dendritic cells, plasmacytoid dendritic cells, natural killer cells, macrophage M1, monocytes and hematopoietic stem cells in USs; the deep learning model named Max-Mean Non-Local multi-instance learning (MMN-MIL) showed satisfactory performance in predicting the survival of US patients, with the area under the receiver operating curve curve reached 0.909 and accuracy achieved 0.804.
Conclusion
USs harbored distinct gene fusion characteristics and gene expression features between HGESS, LGESS, and uLMS. The MMN-MIL model could effectively predict the survival of US patients.

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An interpretable model based on weakly supervised learning for uterine smooth muscle tumor diagnosis: A multi-center study
Xiaoxi Wang, Xiaochen Shen, Moxuan Yang, Ling Yang, Ying He, Yanni Ren, Shuhao Wang, Dayi Wu, Yuanyuan Guo, Yiru Niu, Kaiyue Peng, Zhihui Wang, Jingpeng Wu, Jiacheng Li, Wei Wang, Feng Wang, Lijuan Cui, Wei Wang, Congrong Liu, Dingrong Zhong
Pathology - Research and Practice.2026; 278: 156337. CrossRef
Integrated mutational landscape analysis of endometrial stromal sarcoma
Tobias M. P. Hartwich, Seungji Choi, Ayoung Hwang, Stefania Bellone, Luca Palmieri, Hae Seo, Taekeun Kim, Juhyeon Hong, Camilla Krakstad, Jone Trovik, Ingunn M. Stefansson, Hans Kristian Haugland, Michelle Greenman, Victoria Ettorre, Sarah Ottum, Cem Demi
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
Mitochondrial Ribosomal Proteins and Cancer
Huiyi Wu, Xiaowei Zhu, Huilin Zhou, Min Sha, Jun Ye, Hong Yu
Medicina.2025; 61(1): 96. CrossRef
Molecular Insights in Endometrial Stromal Sarcomas: Exploring New Targets for Novel Therapeutic Approaches
Alice Costa, Annalisa Astolfi, Livia Gozzellino, Margherita Nannini, Gianandrea Pasquinelli, Maria Abbondanza Pantaleo
Biomolecules.2025; 15(2): 265. CrossRef
Uncertainty-driven hybrid-view adaptive learning for fully automated uterine leiomyosarcoma diagnosis
Qi Li, Jingxian Wu, Xiyu Liu, Dengwang Li, Jie Xue
Medical Image Analysis.2025; 105: 103692. CrossRef
2.5D deep learning radiomics and clinical data for predicting occult lymph node metastasis in lung adenocarcinoma
Xiaoxin Huang, Xiaoxiao Huang, Kui Wang, Haosheng Bai, Xiuxian Lu, Guanqiao Jin
BMC Medical Imaging.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
A four-gene signature identified by integrated transcriptomic analysis for differential diagnosis and prognosis of uterine smooth muscle tumors
Huiyi Hu, Yuanqun Chen, Bo Hong, Jia Liu, Yuchen Jiang, Zhiying Yu, Zhi-Jie Xiao, Jing Li
Frontiers in Oncology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef

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Erratum

ERRATUM: Comparison between Craniospinal Irradiation and Limited-Field Radiation in Patients with Non-metastatic Bifocal Germinoma: Bo Li, Wenyi Lv, Chunde Li, Jiongxian Yang, Jiajia Chen, Jin Feng, Li Chen, Zhenyu Ma, Youqi Li, Jiayi Wang, Yanwei Liu, Yanong Li, Shuai Liu, Shiqi Luo, Xiaoguang Qiu; Cancer Res Treat. 2021;53(2):607. Published online March 9, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2020.437.E; Corrects: Cancer Res Treat 2020;52(4):1050

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Original Article

Gastrointestinal cancer

Hepatitis B Virus Core Protein Mediates the Upregulation of C5α Receptor 1 via NF-κB Pathway to Facilitate the Growth and Migration of Hepatoma Cells: Fanyun Kong, Yukai Tao, Dongchen Yuan, Ning Zhang, Qi Li, Tong Yu, Xiaoying Yang, Delong Kong, Xiaohui Ding, Xiangye Liu, Hongjuan You, Kuiyang Zheng, Renxian Tang; Cancer Res Treat. 2021;53(2):506-527. Published online November 16, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2020.397

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Purpose
C5α receptor 1 (C5ΑR1) is associated with the development of various human cancers. However, whether it is involved in the development of hepatitis B virus (HBV)–related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is poorly understood. We explored the expression, biological role, and associated mechanisms of C5AR1 in HBV-related hepatoma cells.
Materials and Methods
The expression of C5ΑR1 mediated by HBV and HBV core protein (HBc) was detected in hepatoma cells. The function of nuclear factor кB (NF-κB) pathway in HBc-induced C5AR1 expression was assessed. The roles of C5ΑR1 in the activation of intracellular signal pathways, the upregulation of inflammatory cytokines, and the growth and migration of hepatoma cells mediated by HBc, were investigated. The effect of C5α in the development of HCC mediated by C5AR1 was also measured.
Results
C5ΑR1 expression was increased in HBV-positive hepatoma cells. Dependent on HBc, HBV enhanced the expression of C5ΑR1 at the mRNA and protein levels. Besides, HBc could promote C5ΑR1 expression via the NF-κB pathway. Based on the C5ΑR1, HBc facilitated the activation of JNK and ERK pathways and the expression and secretion of interleukin-6 in hepatoma cells. Furthermore, C5ΑR1 was responsible for enhancing the growth and migration of hepatoma cells mediated by HBc. Except these, C5α could promote the malignant development of HBc-positive HCC via C5AR1.
Conclusion
We provide new insight into the mechanisms of hepatocarcinogenesis mediated by HBc. C5ΑR1 has a significant role in the functional abnormality of hepatoma cells mediated by HBc, and might be utilized as a potential therapeutic target for HBV-related HCC.

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Hong-juan You, Huan-yang Zhang, Yu-jie Zhong, Ru-yu Liu, Lu Yang, Rong Jiang, Yu-xin Wang, En-si Bao, Xiang-ye Liu, Chen Li, Xiu-cheng Pan, Xu-feng Huang, Kui-yang Zheng, Ren-xian Tang, Fan-yun Kong
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Case Report

A Case of Simultaneously Diagnosed Lung Adenocarcinoma and Endobronchial Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumor with Two Distinct Types of ALK Translocation: Shikang Zhao, Wei Liu, Shuo Li, Tao Shi, Qiusong Chen, Qi Li, Leina Sun, Dian Ren, Zuoqing Song, Chun Huang, Song Xu; Cancer Res Treat. 2021;53(2):601-606. Published online October 21, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2020.952

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A 61-year-old male patient was simultaneously diagnosed with lung adenocarcinoma and inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT). The lung adenocarcinoma and IMT harbored two distinct types of ALK translocation, LOC101927285-ALK, and TPM3-ALK, respectively. The ALK Ventana showed strong positivity on both lesions. The patient was therefore given an endobronchial cryotherapy and ALK inhibitor crizotinib. The tumors showed durable response however the left lung adenocarcinoma relapsed at 17th month post-crizotinib treatment. Tissue re-biopsy on the resistant tumor revealed an ALK exon 23 C1156Y missense mutation in addition to LOC101927285-ALK mutation. Further RNA-based sequence uncovered that the noncoding region rearrangement is the fusion mutation of EML4-ALK. The patient was therefore received alectinib, and the tumor exhibited partly response. Overall, it is very rare that two types of pulmonary tumors exist in one patient driven by two distinct ALK fusions, which emphasizes the necessity of gene sequencing in clinical decision-making and individualized therapy.

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TTC7A-ALK, a novel ALK fusion variant identified in a patient with metastatic lung adenocarcinoma, exhibits excellent response to crizotinib
Meijin Huang, Xiangqing Zhu, Wenmang Xu, Jun Zhu, Xin Xun, Bin Su, Hong Chen
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Clinicopathological analysis of 18 cases of inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor in oral and maxillofacial region
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Retroperitoneal invasive fibromatosis after laparoscopic radical resection of colon cancer: a case report and literature review
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Successful treatment of a non‐small‐cell lung cancer patient harboring HIP1‐ALK (H28:A20) and CTNNB1 p.S45del with alectinib
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Coexistence of a novel SV2B-ALK, EML4-ALK double-fusion in a lung poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma patient and response to alectinib: a case report and literature review
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Jessica Reyes‐Angel, Louis B. Rapkin, Jeffrey P. Simons, Hiren Muzumdar
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Current Oncology.2022; 29(10): 7816. CrossRef
Crizotinib in Sarcomatous Malignancies Harboring ALK Fusion With a Definitive Partner(s): Response and Efficacy
Jinchun Wu, Yongbin Hu, Omar Abdihamid, Gengwen Huang, Sheng Xiao, Bin Li
Frontiers in Oncology.2021;[Epub] CrossRef

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Original Article

Central nervous system

Comparison between Craniospinal Irradiation and Limited-Field Radiation in Patients with Non-metastatic Bifocal Germinoma: Bo Li, Wenyi Lv, Chunde Li, Jiongxian Yang, Jiajia Chen, Jin Feng, Li Chen, Zhenyu Ma, Youqi Li, Jiayi Wang, Yanwei Liu, Yanong Li, Shuai Liu, Shiqi Luo, Xiaoguang Qiu; Cancer Res Treat. 2020;52(4):1050-1058. Published online July 9, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2020.437; Correction in: Cancer Res Treat 2021;53(2):607

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Purpose
Whether craniospinal irradiation (CSI) could be replaced by limited-field radiation in non-metastatic bifocal germinoma remains controversial. We addressed the issue based on the data from our series and the literature.
Methods
Data from 49 patients diagnosed with non-metastatic bifocal germinoma at our hospital during the last 10 years were collected. The Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory 4.0 was used to evaluate health-related quality of life (HRQOL). Additionally, 81 patients identified from the literature were also analyzed independently.
Results
In our cohort, 34 patients had tumors in the sellar/suprasellar (S/SS) plus pineal gland (PG) regions and 15 in the S/SS plus basal ganglia/thalamus (BG/T) regions. The median follow-up period was 52 months (range, 10 to 134 months). Our survival analysis showed that patients treated with CSI (n=12) or whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT; n=34) had comparable disease-free survival (DFS; p=0.540), but better DFS than those treated with focal radiotherapy (FR; n=3, p=0.016). All 81 patients from the literature had tumors in the S/SS+PG regions. Relapses were documented in 4/45 patients treated with FR, 2/17 treated with whole-ventricle irradiation, 0/4 treated with WBRT, and 1/15 treated with CSI. Survival analysis did not reveal DFS differences between the types of radiation field (p=0.785). HRQOL analysis (n=44) in our cohort found that, compared with S/SS+PG germinoma, patients with BG/T involvement had significantly lower scores in social and school domains. However, HRQOL difference between patients treated with CSI and those not treated with CSI was not significant.
Conclusion
In patients with non-metastatic bifocal germinoma, it is rational that CSI could be replaced by limited-field radiation. HRQOL in patients with BG/T involvement was poorer.

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International Journal of Clinical Oncology.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
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Cristina Ilcus, Horatiu Silaghi, Carmen Emanuela Georgescu, Carmen Georgiu, Anca Ileana Ciurea, Simona Delia Nicoara, Cristina Alina Silaghi
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