Purpose Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) or fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (FSRT) are increasingly used as initial therapies for brain metastases (BM). We aimed to assess the outcomes of SRS/FSRT in patients aged ≥ 65 years who had 1-10 BM from non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
Materials and Methods We retrospectively reviewed 91 elderly NSCLC patients with 222 BM who were treated with SRS/FSRT at two institutions between 2010 and 2020. The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS) after SRS/FSRT. In addition, in-field local control (IFLC) within the treated field was evaluated. Statistical analysis was performed to identify the prognostic factors affecting OS and IFLC.
Results During a median follow-up of 18 months, the median OS was 32 months. The 1- and 2-year survival rates were 69.8% and 56.1%, respectively. In multivariate analysis, the NSCLC-specific graded prognostic assessment (GPA) score (p=0.007) and administration of systemic therapy (p=0.039) were defined as prognosticators affecting OS. The median IFLC period was 31 months, and the 1- and 2-year IFLC rates were 75.9% and 57.6%, respectively. The total BM volume (p=0.042) significantly affected IFLC. No severe adverse events were reported after SRS/FSRT.
Conclusion SRS/FSRT is an effective upfront treatment option for BM arising from NSCLC in elderly patients, with a good OS without severe side effects. Higher GPA score and active systemic treatment were associated with improved OS, indicating that elderly patients are significant candidates for SRS/FSRT.
Yeon Joo Kim, Yeon-Joo Kim, Yong Bae Kim, Ik Jae Lee, Jeanny Kwon, Kyubo Kim, Jihye Cha, Myungsoo Kim, In Young Jo, Jung Hoon Kim, Jaehyeon Park, Jin Hee Kim, Juree Kim, Kyung Hwan Shin, Su Ssan Kim
Cancer Res Treat. 2022;54(2):478-487. Published online July 12, 2021
Purpose This study aimed to investigate the impact of postoperative radiotherapy (PORT) in de novo metastatic breast cancer (dnMBC) patients undergoing planned primary tumor resection (PTR) and to identify the subgroup of patients who would most benefit from PORT.
Materials and Methods This study enrolled 426 patients with dnMBC administered PTR alone or with PORT. The primary and secondary outcomes were overall and progression-free survival (OS and PFS), respectively.
Results The median follow-up time was 53.7 months (range, 3.1 to 194.4). The 5-year OS and PFS rates were 73.2% and 32.0%, respectively. For OS, clinical T3/4 category, triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), postoperative chemotherapy alone were significantly poor prognostic factors, and administration of PORT failed to show its significance. Regarding PFS, PORT was a favorable prognostic factor (hazard ratio, 0.64; 95% confidence interval, 0.50 to 0.82; p < 0.001), in addition to T1/2 category, ≤ 5 metastases, and non-TNBC. According to the multivariate analyses of OS in the PORT group, we divided the patients into three groups (group 1, T1/2 and non-TNBC [n=193]; group 2, T3/4 and non-TNBC [n=171]; and group 3, TNBC [n=49]), and evaluated the effect of PORT. Although PORT had no significance for OS in all subgroups, it was a significant factor for good prognosis regarding PFS in groups 1 and 2, not in group 3.
Conclusion PORT was associated with a significantly better PFS in patients with dnMBC who underwent PTR. Patients with clinical T1/2 category and non-TNBC benefited most from PORT, while those with TNBC showed little benefit.
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by
Letter to the editor for the article“Tumor margin irregularity degree is an important preoperative predictor of adverse pathology for clinical T1/2 renal cell carcinoma and the construction of predictive model” Yaping Miao, Lexin Wang, Ping Chen, Jiaan Lu, Guanhu Yang, Hao Chi World Journal of Urology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
The prognostic differences and the effect of postmastectomy radiotherapy between post‐chemotherapy ypT1‐2ypN1 and de novo pT1‐2N1 breast cancer Tian Yang, Xiaorong Zhong, Jun Wang, Zhongzheng Xiang, Yuanyuan Zeng, Siting Yu, Zelei Dai, Ningyue Xu, Ting Luo, Lei Liu Cancer Medicine.2023; 12(7): 8112. CrossRef
Impact of high dose radiotherapy for breast tumor in locoregionally uncontrolled stage IV breast cancer: a need for a risk-stratified approach Nalee Kim, Haeyoung Kim, Won Park, Won Kyung Cho, Tae Gyu Kim, Young-Hyuck Im, Jin Seok Ahn, Yeon Hee Park, Ji-Yeon Kim Radiation Oncology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Machine learning predicts the prognosis of breast cancer patients with initial bone metastases Chaofan Li, Mengjie Liu, Jia Li, Weiwei Wang, Cong Feng, Yifan Cai, Fei Wu, Xixi Zhao, Chong Du, Yinbin Zhang, Yusheng Wang, Shuqun Zhang, Jingkun Qu Frontiers in Public Health.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Factors Influencing Prognosis in Patients with De Novo Stage IV Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Meilin Zhang, Zining Jin, Yingying Xu, Bo Chen, Jian Song, Muyao Li, Feng Jin, Ang Zheng SSRN Electronic Journal .2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Purpose
The benefits of reirradiation for head and neck cancer (HNC) have not been determined. This study evaluated the efficacy of reirradiation using intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) for recurrent or second primary HNC (RSPHNC) and identified subgroups for whom reirradiation for RSPHNC is beneficial.
Materials and Methods
A total of 118 patients from seven Korean institutions with RSPHNC who underwent IMRT-based reirradiation between 2006 and 2015 were evaluated through retrospective review of medical records. We assessed overall survival (OS) and local control (LC) within the radiotherapy (RT) field following IMRT-based reirradiation. Additionally, the OS curve according to the recursive partitioning analysis (RPA) suggested by the Multi-Institution Reirradiation (MIRI) Collaborative was determined.
Results
At a median follow-up period of 18.5 months, OS at 2 years was 43.1%. In multivariate analysis, primary subsite, recurrent tumor size, interval between RT courses, and salvage surgery were associated with OS. With regard to the MIRI RPA model, the class I subgroup had a significantly higher OS than class II or III subgroups. LC at 2 years was 53.5%. Multivariate analyses revealed that both intervals between RT courses and salvage surgery were prognostic factors affecting LC. Grade 3 or more toxicity and grade 5 toxicity rates were 8.5% and 0.8%, respectively.
Conclusion
IMRT-based reirradiation was an effective therapeutic option for patients with RSPHNC, especially those with resectable tumors and a long interval between RT courses. Further, our patients' population validated the MIRI RPA classification by showing the difference of OS according to MIRI RPA class.
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by
Re-irradiation for head and neck cancer: outcome and toxicity analysis using a prospective single institution database Chiara Scolari, André Buchali, Achim Franzen, Robert Förster, Paul Windisch, Stephan Bodis, Daniel R. Zwahlen, Christina Schröder Frontiers in Oncology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Double trouble: A cohort study of re-irradiation and laryngectomy – Severity of and risk for pharyngocutaneous fistula Jeffrey M. Weinberger, Narmeen abd el Qadir, Nir Hirshoren Oral Oncology.2022; 134: 106069. CrossRef
Current radiotherapy for recurrent head and neck cancer in the modern era: a state-of-the-art review Yue Li, Yuliang Jiang, Bin Qiu, Haitao Sun, Junjie Wang Journal of Translational Medicine.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Recurrent/Metastatic Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck: A Big and Intriguing Challenge Which May Be Resolved by Integrated Treatments Combining Locoregional and Systemic Therapies Franco Ionna, Paolo Bossi, Agostino Guida, Andrea Alberti, Paolo Muto, Giovanni Salzano, Alessandro Ottaiano, Fabio Maglitto, Davide Leopardo, Marco De Felice, Francesco Longo, Salvatore Tafuto, Giuseppina Della Vittoria Scarpati, Francesco Perri Cancers.2021; 13(10): 2371. CrossRef
Re-irradiation for recurrent or second primary head and neck cancer Hye In Lee, Jin Ho Kim, Soon-Hyun Ahn, Eun-Jae Chung, Bhumsuk Keam, Keun-Yong Eom, Woo-Jin Jeong, Ji-Won Kim, Chan Woo Wee, Hong-Gyun Wu Radiation Oncology Journal.2021; 39(4): 279. CrossRef
Purpose The purpose of this study is to identify risk factors for transient lymphedema (TLE) and persistent lymphedema (PLE) following treatment for breast cancer. Materials and Methods A total of 1,073 patients who underwent curative breast surgery were analyzed. TLE was defined as one episode of arm swelling that had resolved spontaneously by the next followup; arm swelling that persisted over two consecutive examinations was considered PLE.
Results At a median follow-up period of 5.1 years, 370 cases of lymphedema were reported, including 120 TLE (11.2%) and 250 PLE (23.3%). Initial grade 1 swelling was observed in 351 patients, of which 120 were limited to TLE (34%), while the other 231 progressed to PLE (66%). All initial swelling observed in TLE patients was classified as grade 1. In multivariate analysis, chemotherapy with taxane and supraclavicular radiation therapy (SCRT) were associated with development of TLE, whereas SCRT, stage III cancer and chemotherapy with taxane were identified as risk factors for PLE (p < 0.05). The estimated incidence of TLE among initial grade 1 patients was calculated using up to three treatment-related risk factors (number of dissected axillary lymph nodes, SCRT, and taxane chemotherapy). The approximate ratios of TLE and PLE based on the number of risk factors were 7:1 (no factor), 1:1 (one factor), 1:2 (two factors), and 1:3 (three factors). Conclusion One-third of initial swelling events were transient, whereas the other two-thirds of patients experienced PLE. Estimation of TLE and PLE based on known treatment factors could facilitate prediction of this life-long complication.
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by
Efficacy of preoperative lymphoscintigraphy in predicting surgical outcomes of lymphaticovenous anastomosis in lower extremity lymphedema: Clinical correlations in gynecological cancer-related lymphedema Min Young Yoo, Kyong-Je Woo, Seo Young Kang, Byung Seok Moon, Bom Sahn Kim, Hai-Jeon Yoon, Andrea Giannini PLOS ONE.2024; 19(1): e0296466. CrossRef
Lymphatic remapping by long-term lymphoscintigraphy follow-up in secondary lymphedema after breast cancer surgery Garam Hong, Koeun Lee, Sangwon Han, Jae Yong Jeon Scientific Reports.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
The effect of exercise and educational programs for breast cancer patients on the development of breast cancer-related lymphoedema: secondary endpoint from a randomized controlled trial in the Setouchi Breast Project-10 Shogo Nakamoto, Takayuki Iwamoto, Naruto Taira, Yukiko Kajiwara, Kengo Kawada, Daisuke Takabatake, Yuichiro Miyoshi, Shinichiro Kubo, Yoko Suzuki, Mari Yamamoto, Yutaka Ogasawara, Minami Hatono, Seiji Yoshitomi, Kyoko Hara, Asako Sasahara, Shozo Ohsumi, M Breast Cancer.2024; 31(5): 969. CrossRef
Taxanes and Breast Cancer‐Related Lymphedema Daniel Najafali, Charalampos Siotos, George Kokosis Journal of Surgical Oncology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
A Single Institution Experience With Immediate Lymphatic Reconstruction: Impact of Insurance Coverage on Risk Reduction Anne Huang, Emma Koesters, Rebecca M. Garza, Summer E. Hanson, David W. Chang Journal of Surgical Oncology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
The prevalence of arm lymphedema after radiation treatment in patients with breast cancer Kamonrat Sueangamiam, Kanisa Rongsriyam Journal of Radiotherapy in Practice.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
The Use of Ultrasound Imaging for Upper Extremity Lymphedema after Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review Elena Canales-Lachén, Ángel Asunsolo, Oscar J. Manrique, Javier Blázquez, Purificación Holguín, Andrés A. Maldonado Journal of Reconstructive Microsurgery.2023; 39(02): 102. CrossRef
Risk factors of unilateral breast cancer-related lymphedema: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of 84 cohort studies Aomei Shen, Qian Lu, Xin Fu, Xiaoxia Wei, Liyuan Zhang, Jingru Bian, Wanmin Qiang, Dong Pang Supportive Care in Cancer.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Risk factors for the development of severe breast cancer-related lymphedema: a retrospective cohort study Xiaozhen Liu, Kewang Sun, Hongjian Yang, Lingli Xia, Kefeng Lu, Xuli Meng, Yongfeng Li BMC Cancer.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Practical Approach to Establishing a Lymphedema Screening Program: Tips and Tricks Derly C. Munoz, Sarah S. Virk, Oluwadamilola T. Oladeru, Pamela Clevenger, Tracy L. Hollen, Mariam W. Hanna, Lisa R. P. Spiguel Current Breast Cancer Reports.2023; 15(3): 242. CrossRef
The impact of rehabilitation sport on breast cancer-related lymphoedema and quality of life Bettina Boeer, Anna Seller, Birgitt Schoenfisch, Ute krainick-Strobel, Andreas Dietrich, Sara Y. Brucker, Diethelm Wallwiener, Andreas Niess, Markus Hahn Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics.2022; 307(5): 1529. CrossRef
The potential of gas plasma technology for targeting breast cancer Sander Bekeschus, Fariba Saadati, Steffen Emmert Clinical and Translational Medicine.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Prediction of breast cancer-related lymphedema risk after postoperative radiotherapy via multivariable logistic regression analysis Jae Sik Kim, Jin Ho Kim, Ji Hyun Chang, Do Wook Kim, Kyung Hwan Shin Frontiers in Oncology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Invited Commentary from the Authors of: Kuruvilla AS, et al. Risk Factors Associated With Postmastectomy Breast Cancer Lymphedema: Amulticenter Retrospective Analysis Annet S. Kuruvilla Annals of Plastic Surgery.2022; 89(6): 716. CrossRef
Development and validation of a nomogram to predict the risk of breast cancer-related lymphedema among Chinese breast cancer survivors Yan-fei Liu, Jun-E Liu, Yi Zhu, Yim Wah Mak, Hui Qiu, Li-hui Liu, Shen-shen Yang, Shao-hua Chen Supportive Care in Cancer.2021; 29(9): 5435. CrossRef
Eliminating the Burden of Lymphedema in Cancer Patients Requiring Nodal Dissections Using Prophylactic Immediate Lymphatic Reconstruction – A Case Report and Review of the Literature Abiye Mussie, Maria C. Medor, Sylia Mohand-Said, Andrea M. Ibrahim, Carolyn Nessim, Moein Momtazi Plastic Surgery Case Studies.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Factors predicting one or two sentinel lymph nodes to be accepted for sentinel lymph node biopsy alone after neoadjuvant therapy in initially node-positive breast cancer patients Li-Wei Tsai, Yi-Hsuan Lee, Chiao Lo, Huang-Chun Lien, Ming-Yang Wang, I-Shiow Jan, Ruoh-Fang Yen, Fu-Chang Hu, Chiun-Sheng Huang Surgical Oncology.2021; 39: 101667. CrossRef
Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy in T3 and T4b Breast Cancer Patients: Analysis in a Tertiary Cancer Hospital and Systematic Literature Review Idam de Oliveira-Junior, Eliana Aguiar Petri Nahas, Ana Cristina Cherem, Jorge Nahas-Neto, René Aloisio da Costa Vieira Breast Care.2021; 16(1): 27. CrossRef
Histological features of skin and subcutaneous tissue in patients with breast cancer who have received neoadjuvant chemotherapy and their relationship to post-treatment edema Ayako Nakagawa, Hiroshi Fujimoto, Takeshi Nagashima, Takafumi Sangai, Mamoru Takada, Takahito Masuda, Ryotaro Teranaka, Satoshi Ota, Jun Matsushima, Shinsuke Akita, Masayuki Ohtsuka Breast Cancer.2020; 27(1): 77. CrossRef
Lymphedema Signs, Symptoms, and Diagnosis in Women Who Are in Minority and Low-Income Groups and Have Survived Breast Cancer Ann Marie Flores, Jason Nelson, Lee Sowles, Rebecca G Stephenson, Kathryn Robinson, Andrea Cheville, Antoinette P Sander, William J Blot Physical Therapy.2020; 100(3): 487. CrossRef
Prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome in patients with lymphedema referred for complete decongestive therapy Côme Roux, Béatrice Villemur, Brigitte Giovannoni, Lucie Koeyemelk, Monique Mendelson, Meriem Benmerad, Marie Joyeux-Faure, Renaud Tamisier, Jean-Louis Pepin Journal of Vascular Surgery: Venous and Lymphatic Disorders.2020; 8(1): 137. CrossRef
The results of the intensive phase of complete decongestive therapy and the determination of predictive factors for response to treatment in patients with breast cancer related‐lymphedema Dilek Keskin, Meltem Dalyan, Sibel Ünsal‐Delialioğlu, Ülkü Düzlü‐Öztürk Cancer Reports.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
A scoring system for predicting the risk of breast cancer-related lymphedema Fenglian Li, Qian Lu, Sanli Jin, Quanping Zhao, Xueying Qin, Shuai Jin, Lichuan Zhang International Journal of Nursing Sciences.2020; 7(1): 21. CrossRef
Lymphedema and Lymphovenous Bypass: Perioperative Nursing Implications Lori A. Whitnell AORN Journal.2020; 111(2): 187. CrossRef
Who Will Continuously Depend on Compression to Control Persistent or Progressive Breast Cancer-Related Lymphedema Despite 2 Years of Conservative Care? Chul Jung, JaYoung Kim, Yu Jin Seo, Kyeong Joo Song, Ma. Nessa Gelvosa, Jin Geun Kwon, Changsik John Pak, Hyunsuk Peter Suh, Joon Pio Hong, Hwa Jung Kim, Jae Yong Jeon Journal of Clinical Medicine.2020; 9(11): 3640. CrossRef
Role of p53 as a prognostic marker in breast carcinoma and its correlation with tumor size, tumor grade and lymph node metastasis Alok Mohan, Bharat Jindal, Rajender Kumar Thakral, Vaseem Ansari, Veena K Sharma Indian Journal of Pathology and Oncology.2020; 7(3): 378. CrossRef
Risk factors and prediction model for persistent breast-cancer-related lymphedema: a 5-year cohort study I-Wen Penn, Yue-Cune Chang, Eric Chuang, Chi-Ming Chen, Chi-Feng Chung, Chia-Yu Kuo, Tien-Yow Chuang Supportive Care in Cancer.2019; 27(3): 991. CrossRef
Progressive resistance training to prevent arm lymphedema in the first year after breast cancer surgery: Results of a randomized controlled trial Gunn Ammitzbøll, Christoffer Johansen, Charlotte Lanng, Elisabeth Wreford Andersen, Niels Kroman, Bo Zerahn, Ole Hyldegaard, Merete Celano Wittenkamp, Susanne Oksbjerg Dalton Cancer.2019; 125(10): 1683. CrossRef
Frequency and risk factors for arm lymphedema after multimodal breast-conserving treatment of nodal positive breast Cancer – a long-term observation Julia Rupp, Catarina Hadamitzky, Christoph Henkenberens, Hans Christiansen, Diana Steinmann, Frank Bruns Radiation Oncology.2019;[Epub] CrossRef
Elevated levels of eEF1A2 protein expression in triple negative breast cancer relate with poor prognosis Fabiola Giudici, Elisabetta Petracci, Oriana Nanni, Cristina Bottin, Maurizio Pinamonti, Fabrizio Zanconati, Bruna Scaggiante, Aamir Ahmad PLOS ONE.2019; 14(6): e0218030. CrossRef
Introduction of the Lymphedema Action Plan (LeAP): Clinical Advancement in Proactive Lymphedema Care Renata Beaman Rehabilitation Oncology.2019; 37(3): 122. CrossRef
Profile of women with lymphedema after breast cancer treatment Thais de Oliveira Gozzo, Gabriela Aguado, Aniele Tomadon, Marislei Sanches Panobianco, Maria Antonieta Spinoso Prado Escola Anna Nery.2019;[Epub] CrossRef
Lymphatic Microsurgical Preventing Healing Approach (LYMPHA) for Prevention of Breast Cancer-Related Lymphedema—a Preliminary Report Juhi Agrawal, Sandeep Mehta, Ashish Goel, Pankaj Kumar Pande, Kapil Kumar Indian Journal of Surgical Oncology.2018; 9(3): 369. CrossRef
Progressive strength training to prevent LYmphoedema in the first year after breast CAncer – the LYCA feasibility study Gunn Ammitzbøll, Charlotte Lanng, Niels Kroman, Bo Zerahn, Ole Hyldegaard, Klaus Kaae Andersen, Christoffer Johansen, Susanne Oksbjerg Dalton Acta Oncologica.2017; 56(2): 360. CrossRef
Association between adjuvant docetaxel-based chemotherapy and breast cancer-related lymphedema Wen Zhu, Dan Li, Xiaoqin Li, Jin Ren, Wenqi Chen, Hangang Gu, Yongqian Shu, Deqiang Wang Anti-Cancer Drugs.2017; 28(3): 350. CrossRef
P53 and Ki-67 as prognostic markers in triple-negative breast cancer patients Yunbao Pan, Yufen Yuan, Guoshi Liu, Yongchang Wei, William B. Coleman PLOS ONE.2017; 12(2): e0172324. CrossRef
Considerations for Clinicians in the Diagnosis, Prevention, and Treatment of Breast Cancer-Related Lymphedema: Recommendations from a Multidisciplinary Expert ASBrS Panel Sarah A. McLaughlin, Alicia C. Staley, Frank Vicini, Paul Thiruchelvam, Nancy A. Hutchison, Jane Mendez, Fiona MacNeill, Stanley G. Rockson, Sarah M. DeSnyder, Suzanne Klimberg, Michael Alatriste, Francesco Boccardo, Mark L. Smith, Sheldon M. Feldman Annals of Surgical Oncology.2017; 24(10): 2818. CrossRef
Current and future perspectives on the evaluation, prevention and conservative management of breast cancer related lymphoedema: A best practice guideline Nick Gebruers, Hanne Verbelen, Tessa De Vrieze, Lore Vos, Nele Devoogdt, Lore Fias, Wiebren Tjalma European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology.2017; 216: 245. CrossRef
Changes in volume and incidence of lymphedema during and after treatment with docetaxel, doxorubicin, and cyclophosphamide (TAC) in patients with breast cancer Janine T. Hidding, Carien H. G. Beurskens, Philip J. van der Wees, Wilmy C. A. M. Bos, Maria W. G. Nijhuis-van der Sanden, Hanneke W. M. van Laarhoven Supportive Care in Cancer.2017;[Epub] CrossRef
Palliative surgery for giant mucinous carcinoma of the breast in an elderly patient: A rare case report Haruko Takuwa, Wakako Tsuji, Fumiaki Yotsumoto Molecular and Clinical Oncology.2017; 7(4): 609. CrossRef
Update December 2016 Francine Blei Lymphatic Research and Biology.2016; 14(4): 240. CrossRef
Mee Sun Yoon, Seung Jae Huh, Hak Jae Kim, Young Seok Kim, Yong Bae Kim, Joo-Young Kim, Jong-Hoon Lee, Hun Jung Kim, Jihye Cha, Jin Hee Kim, Juree Kim, Won Sup Yoon, Jin Hwa Choi, Mison Chun, Youngmin Choi, Kang Kyoo Lee, Myungsoo Kim, Jae-Uk Jeong, Sei Kyung Chang, Won Park
Cancer Res Treat. 2016;48(3):1074-1083. Published online October 29, 2015
Purpose We evaluated the role of adjuvant therapy in stage IIIA endometrioid adenocarcinoma patients who underwent surgery followed by radiotherapy (RT) alone or chemoradiotherapy (CTRT) according to risk group. Materials and Methods A multicenter retrospective study was conducted including patients with surgical stage IIIA endometrial cancertreated by radical surgery and adjuvant RT or CTRT. Disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were analyzed.
Results Ninety-three patients with stage IIIA disease were identified. Nineteen patients (20.4%) experienced recurrence, mostly distant metastasis (17.2%). Combined CTRT did not affect DFS (74.1% vs. 82.4%, p=0.130) or OS (96.3% vs. 91.9%, p=0.262) in stage IIIA disease compared with RT alone. Patients with age ≥ 60 years, grade G2/3, and lymphovascular space involvement had a significantly worse DFS and those variables were defined as risk factors. The high-risk group showed a significant reduction in 5-year DFS (≥ 2 risk factors) (49.0% vs. 88.0%, p < 0.001) compared with the low-risk group (< 2). Multivariate analysis confirmed that more than one risk factor was the only predictor of worse DFS (hazard ratio, 5.45; 95% confidence interval, 2.12 to 13.98; p < 0.001). Of patients with no risk factors, a subset treated with RT alone showed an excellent 5-year DFS and OS (93.8% and 100%, respectively). Conclusion We identified a low-risk subset of stage IIIA endometrioid adenocarcinoma patients who might be reasonable candidates for adjuvant RT alone. Further randomized studies are needed to determine which subset might benefit from combined CTRT.
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by
Practice patterns and survival in FIGO 2009 stage 3B endometrial cancer Jessica Jou, Lindsey Charo, Marianne Hom-Tedla, Katherine Coakley, Pratibha Binder, Cheryl Saenz, Ramez N. Eskander, Michael McHale, Steven Plaxe Gynecologic Oncology.2021; 163(2): 299. CrossRef
Treatment strategies for endometrial cancer: current practice and perspective Yeh C. Lee, Stephanie Lheureux, Amit M. Oza Current Opinion in Obstetrics & Gynecology.2017; 29(1): 47. CrossRef
Myungsoo Kim, In Hae Park, Keun Seok Lee, Jungsil Ro, So-Youn Jung, Seeyoun Lee, Han-Sung Kang, Eun Sook Lee, Tae Hyun Kim, Kwan Ho Cho, Kyung Hwan Shin
Cancer Res Treat. 2015;47(3):416-423. Published online November 17, 2014
Purpose The risk for lymphedema (LE) after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NCT) in breast cancer patients has not been fully understood thus far. This study is conducted to investigate the incidence and time course of LE after NCT. Materials and Methods A total of 313 patients with clinically node-positive breast cancer who underwent NCT followed by surgery with axillary lymph node (ALN) dissection from 2004 to 2009 were retrospectively analyzed. All patients received breast and supraclavicular radiation therapy (SCRT). The determination of LE was based on both objective and subjective methods, as part of a prospective database. Results At a median follow-up of 5.6 years, 132 patients had developed LE: 88 (28%) were grade 1; 42 (13%) were grade 2; and two (1%) were grade 3. The overall 5-year cumulative incidence of LE was 42%. LE first occurred within 6 months after surgery in 62%; 1 year in 77%; 2 years in 91%; and 3 years in 96%. In a multivariate analysis, age (hazard ratio [HR], 1.66; p < 0.01) and the number of dissected ALNs (HR, 1.68; p < 0.01) were independent risk factors for LE. Patients with both of these risk factors showed a significantly higher 5-year cumulative incidence of LE compared with patients with no or one risk factor (61% and 37%, respectively; p < 0.001). The addition of adjuvant chemotherapy did not significantly correlate with LE. Conclusion LE after NCT, surgery, and SCRT developed early after treatment, and with a high incidence rate. More frequent surveillance of arm swelling may be necessary in patients after NCT, especially during the first few years of follow-up.
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by
Impact of neoadjuvant chemotherapy on breast cancer-related lymphedema after axillary lymph node dissection: a retrospective cohort study Miaomiao Jia, Lihui Pan, Haibo Yang, Jinnan Gao, Fan Guo Breast Cancer Research and Treatment.2024; 204(2): 223. CrossRef
Incidence and risk factors of breast cancer-related lymphedema in Korea: A nationwide retrospective cohort study Ha Rim Ahn, Hyeong Eun Jeong, Choyun Jeong, Sang Yull Kang, Sung Hoo Jung, Hyun Jo Youn, Jong Seung Kim International Journal of Surgery.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Incidence of lymphedema related to various cancers Marie-Eve Letellier, Marize Ibrahim, Anna Towers, Geneviève Chaput Medical Oncology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Age as a risk factor for breast cancer-related lymphedema: a systematic review Gunel Guliyeva, Maria T. Huayllani, Daniel Boczar, Francisco R. Avila, Xiaona Lu, Antonio Jorge Forte Journal of Cancer Survivorship.2023; 17(1): 246. CrossRef
Risk factors of unilateral breast cancer-related lymphedema: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of 84 cohort studies Aomei Shen, Qian Lu, Xin Fu, Xiaoxia Wei, Liyuan Zhang, Jingru Bian, Wanmin Qiang, Dong Pang Supportive Care in Cancer.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Beyond cardiomyocytes: Cellular diversity in the heart's response to exercise Lena E. Trager, Margaret Lyons, Alexandra Kuznetsov, Cedric Sheffield, Kangsan Roh, Rebecca Freeman, James Rhee, J. Sawalla Guseh, Haobo Li, Anthony Rosenzweig Journal of Sport and Health Science.2023; 12(4): 423. CrossRef
Managing the Morbidity Giacomo Montagna, Andrea V. Barrio Surgical Oncology Clinics of North America.2023; 32(4): 705. CrossRef
Risk of Lymphedema and Death after Lymph Node Dissection with Neoadjuvant and Adjuvant Treatments in Patients with Breast Cancer: An Eight-Year Nationwide Cohort Study Ye-Seul Lee, Yu-Cheol Lim, Jiyoon Yeo, Song-Yi Kim, Yoon Jae Lee, In-Hyuk Ha Healthcare.2023; 11(13): 1833. CrossRef
Discussion: Variable Anatomy of the Lateral Upper Arm Lymphatic Channel: An Anatomical Risk Factor for Breast Cancer–Related Lymphedema Mengfan Wu, Shailesh Agarwal Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery.2023; 152(2): 430. CrossRef
Breast cancer treatment‐related arm lymphoedema and morbidity: A 6‐year experience in an Australian tertiary breast centre Yang Yang Huang, Pei Yinn Toh, Catherine Hunt, Joshua Tzi Wei Lin, Roshi Kamyab, Ananda Kallyani Ponniah Asia-Pacific Journal of Clinical Oncology.2022; 18(1): 109. CrossRef
Cancer Rehabilitation Fact Sheet in Korea Jin A Yoon, Bo Young Hong Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine.2022; 46(4): 155. CrossRef
Burden of lymphedema in long‐term breast cancer survivors by race and age Yumeng Ren, Michael A. Kebede, Adeyemi A. Ogunleye, Marc A. Emerson, Kelly R. Evenson, Lisa A. Carey, Sandra C. Hayes, Melissa A. Troester Cancer.2022; 128(23): 4119. CrossRef
Acquired lymphedema: Molecular contributors and future directions for developing intervention strategies Ika Nurlaila, Kangsan Roh, Chang-Hwan Yeom, Hee Kang, Sukchan Lee Frontiers in Pharmacology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Prediction of breast cancer-related lymphedema risk after postoperative radiotherapy via multivariable logistic regression analysis Jae Sik Kim, Jin Ho Kim, Ji Hyun Chang, Do Wook Kim, Kyung Hwan Shin Frontiers in Oncology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Histological features of skin and subcutaneous tissue in patients with breast cancer who have received neoadjuvant chemotherapy and their relationship to post-treatment edema Ayako Nakagawa, Hiroshi Fujimoto, Takeshi Nagashima, Takafumi Sangai, Mamoru Takada, Takahito Masuda, Ryotaro Teranaka, Satoshi Ota, Jun Matsushima, Shinsuke Akita, Masayuki Ohtsuka Breast Cancer.2020; 27(1): 77. CrossRef
A scoring system for predicting the risk of breast cancer-related lymphedema Fenglian Li, Qian Lu, Sanli Jin, Quanping Zhao, Xueying Qin, Shuai Jin, Lichuan Zhang International Journal of Nursing Sciences.2020; 7(1): 21. CrossRef
Body Mass Index as a Major Risk Factor for Severe Breast Cancer-Related Lymphedema Hélène Leray, Julie Malloizel-Delaunay, Amélie Lusque, Elodie Chantalat, Léonard Bouglon, Charlotte Chollet, Benoit Chaput, Barbara Garmy-Susini, Alexandra Yannoutsos, Charlotte Vaysse Lymphatic Research and Biology.2020; 18(6): 510. CrossRef
Factors Associated With Lymphedema in Women With Node-Positive Breast Cancer Treated With Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy and Axillary Dissection Jane M. Armer, Karla V. Ballman, Linda McCall, Pamela L. Ostby, Eris Zagar, Henry M. Kuerer, Kelly K. Hunt, Judy C. Boughey JAMA Surgery.2019; 154(9): 800. CrossRef
Breast deformation during the course of radiotherapy: The need for an additional outer margin J. Seppälä, K. Vuolukka, T. Virén, J. Heikkilä, J.T.J. Honkanen, A. Pandey, A. Al-Gburi, M. Shah, S. Sefa, T. Koivumäki Physica Medica.2019; 65: 1. CrossRef
Current and future perspectives on the evaluation, prevention and conservative management of breast cancer related lymphoedema: A best practice guideline Nick Gebruers, Hanne Verbelen, Tessa De Vrieze, Lore Vos, Nele Devoogdt, Lore Fias, Wiebren Tjalma European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology.2017; 216: 245. CrossRef
Incidence and risk factors of lymphedema after breast cancer treatment: 10 years of follow-up Ana Carolina Padula Ribeiro Pereira, Rosalina Jorge Koifman, Anke Bergmann The Breast.2017; 36: 67. CrossRef
Risk factors for lymphoedema in women with breast cancer: A large prospective cohort S.L. Kilbreath, K.M. Refshauge, J.M. Beith, L.C. Ward, O.A. Ung, E.S. Dylke, J.R. French, J. Yee, L. Koelmeyer, K. Gaitatzis The Breast.2016; 28: 29. CrossRef
Identification of Prognostic Risk Factors for Transient and Persistent Lymphedema after Multimodal Treatment for Breast Cancer Myungsoo Kim, Kyung Hwan Shin, So-Youn Jung, Seeyoun Lee, Han-Sung Kang, Eun Sook Lee, Seung Hyun Chung, Yeon-Joo Kim, Tae Hyun Kim, Kwan Ho Cho Cancer Research and Treatment.2016; 48(4): 1330. CrossRef
Local Treatment of Breast Cancer Joanne Lester Seminars in Oncology Nursing.2015;[Epub] CrossRef
Discrepant Trajectories of Impairment, Activity, and Participation Related to Upper-Limb Function in Patients With Breast Cancer Eun Joo Yang, Eunyoung Kang, Sung-Won Kim, Jae-Young Lim Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation.2015; 96(12): 2161. CrossRef