Purpose
This study aimed to investigate the potential systemic antitumor effects of stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR) and apatinib (a novel vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 inhibitor) via reversing the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment for lung carcinoma.
Materials and Methods
Lewis lung cancer cells were injected into C57BL/6 mice in the left hindlimb (primary tumor; irradiated) and in the right flank (secondary tumor; nonirradiated). When both tumors grew to the touchable size, mice were randomly divided into eight treatment groups. These groups received normal saline or three distinct doses of apatinib (50 mg/kg, 150 mg/kg, and 200 mg/kg) daily for 7 days, in combination with a single dose of 15 Gy radiotherapy or not to the primary tumor. The further tumor growth/regression of mice were followed and observed.
Results
For the single 15 Gy modality, tumor growth delay could only be observed at the primary tumor. When combining SABR and apatinib 200 mg/kg, significant retardation of both primary and secondary tumor growth could be observed, indicated an abscopal effect was induced. Mechanism analysis suggested that programmed death-ligand 1 expression increased with SABR was counteract by additional apatinib therapy. Furthermore, when apatinib was combined with SABR, the composition of immune cells could be changed. More importantly, this two-pronged approach evoked tumor antigen–specific immune responses and the mice were resistant to another tumor rechallenge, finally, long-term survival was improved.
Conclusion
Our results suggested that the tumor microenvironment could be managed with apatinib, which was effective in eliciting an abscopal effect induced by SABR.
Citations
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Purpose
This study aims to investigate the feasibility of contouring target volume according to residual tumor and decreasing the dose to the tumor regression field after induction chemotherapy (IC) in locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).
Materials and Methods
From August 2009 to August 2013, patients with stage III–IVB NPC were treated with IC and concurrent chemoradiotherapy. Gross tumor volume of nasopharynx (GTVnx)–residual and gross tumor volume of cervical lymph node (GTVnd)–residual were contoured according to post-IC residual primary tumor and any N+ disease, respectively. The tumor regression field was included in CTVnx1/CTVnd1 and prescribed a dose of 60 Gy. Outcomes and toxicities of all patients were evaluated.
Results
A total of 57 patients were enrolled. At a median follow-up of 68 months, three cases displayed locoregional recurrence and one case showed both distant metastasis and locoregional recurrence. All locoregional recurrences were in the GTVnx-residual/GTVnd-residual and in-field. The 5-year overall, locoregional relapse-free, distant metastasis-free, and progression-free survival rates were 82.2%, 87.7%, 85.8% and 80.3%, respectively.
Conclusion
After IC, contouring of GTVnx-residual/GTVnd-residual as residual tumor volume and distribution 60 Gy ofradiation dose to the tumorregression field may be feasible and need further investigation.
Citations
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Purpose
The purpose of this study was to investigate the biological role and mechanism of miR-373 targeting of TFIIB-related factor 2 (BRF2) in the regulation of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells.
MaterialsandMethods
miRNA microarray chip analysis of four paired NSCLC and adjacent non-tumor tissues was performed. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) andwestern blotting were used to detect the expression levels of miR-373 and BRF2 in NSCLC tissues and cell lines. The dual-luciferase reporter method was performed to determine if BRF2 is a target of miR-373. MTT, wound-healing, Transwell, and flow cytometric assays were conducted to examine the proliferation, migration, invasion, and cell cycle progression of NSCLC A549 cells, respectively; western blotting was used to detect the expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)–related proteins.
Results
The miRNA microarray chip analysis demonstrated that miR-373 was down-regulated in NSCLC tissues, and this result was confirmed by qRT-PCR. Additionally, miR-373 was confirmed to target BRF2. Moreover, miR-373 expression was inversely correlated with BRF2 expression in NSCLC tissues and cell lines; both miR-373 down-regulation and BRF2 up-regulation were strongly associated with the clinicopathological features and prognosis of NSCLC patients. In vitro, overexpression of miR-373 markedly inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and invasion; up-regulated the expression of E-cadherin; and down-regulated the expression of N-cadherin and Snail in A549 cell. Knockdown BRF2 by siRNA resulted in effects similar to those caused by overexpression of miR-373.
Conclusion
MiR-373 is decreased in NSCLC, and overexpression of miR-373 can suppress cell EMT, and inhibit the proliferation, migration, and invasion of NSCLC A549 cells by targeting BRF2.
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