Cancer Research and Treatment

Original Articles

Hematologic malignancy

Assessment of Bone Marrow Involvement in Extranodal NK/T-Cell Lymphoma: Positron Emission Tomography versus Bone Marrow Biopsy, and the Significance of Minimal Involvement by EBV+ Cells (KROG 18-09): Tae Hoon Lee, Hyun Ju Kim, Jong Hoon Lee, Jeongshim Lee, Jin Hee Kim, Dongryul Oh, Keun-Yong Eom; Cancer Res Treat. 2024;56(2):688-696. Published online December 11, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2023.1049

Purpose
This study aims to investigate the diagnostic significance of positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) in assessing bone marrow (BM) involvement through a comparison of PET/CT findings with BM biopsy in extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma.
Materials and Methods
The medical records of 193 patients were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were categorized as having early-stage (PET-ES) or advanced-stage (PET-AS) disease based on PET/CT results. The BM involvement was classified into three groups according to BM biopsy: gross BM involvement, minimal BM involvement (defined as the presence of a limited number of Epstein-Barr virus–positive cells in BM), and no involvement. Calculations of the accuracy of PET/CT in detecting BM involvement and analysis of the clinical outcomes (progression-free survival [PFS] and overall survival [OS]) according to the BM biopsy status were performed.
Results
PET/CT exhibited a sensitivity of 64.7% and a specificity of 96.0% in detecting gross BM involvement. For detecting any (both gross and minimal) BM involvement, the sensitivity was 30.4%, while the specificity was 99.0%. Only one patient (0.7%) demonstrated gross BM involvement among the PET-ES group. Survival outcomes of the PET-ES group with minimal BM involvement (3-year PFS, 55.6%; OS, 77.0%) were closer to those of the PET-ES group with no BM involvement (3-year PFS, 62.2%; OS, 80.6%) than to those of the PET-AS group (3-year PFS, 20.1%; OS, 29.9%).
Conclusion
PET/CT exhibits high specificity, but moderate and low sensitivity in detecting gross and minimal BM involvement, respectively. The clinical significance of minimal BM involvement for patients in the PET-ES group may be limited.

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Magnetic Resonance Imaging and [18F]‐Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography‐Guided Therapy Improves Survival in Upper Aerodigestive Tract NK/T‐Cell Lymphoma, Nasal Type: A Prospective Cohort Study
Quanguang Ren, Yue Cui, He Huang, Xueying Li, Huangming Hong, Zhao Wang, Xiaojie Fang, Chengcheng Guo, Yuyi Yao, Zegeng Chen, Ying Huang, Zhiming Li, Qingqing Cai, Ying Tian, Hanyu Wang, Xiaoping Lin, Wei Fan, Lie Zheng, Suxia Lin, Ying Guo, Tongyu Lin
Head & Neck.2025; 47(9): 2392. CrossRef

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Gynecologic cancer

Image-Guided Versus Conventional Brachytherapy for Locally Advanced Cervical Cancer: Experience of Single Institution with the Same Practitioner and Time Period: Tae Hoon Lee, Kyung Su Kim, Hak Jae Kim, Chang Heon Choi, Seonghee Kang, Keun-Yong Eom, Chan Woo Wee, Yong Sang Song, Noh Hyun Park, Jae-Weon Kim, Hyun Hoon Chung, Hee Seung Kim, Maria Lee, Hyun-Cheol Kang; Cancer Res Treat. 2023;55(1):258-269. Published online August 10, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2022.418

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Purpose
This study aimed to compare treatment outcomes and toxicity profile between imaged-guided brachytherapy (IGBT) versus conventional brachytherapy (CBT) performed by the same practitioner during the same time period.
Materials and Methods
Medical records of 104 eligible patients who underwent brachytherapy for locally advanced cervical cancer were retrospectively reviewed. Fifty patients (48.1%) underwent IGBT, and 54 (51.9%) patients underwent CBT. All patients underwent concurrent chemoradiation with cisplatin. High-dose-rate intracavitary brachytherapy with dose prescription of 25-30 Gy in 4-6 fractions was performed for all patients. Late lower gastrointestinal (GI) and urinary toxicities occurred more than 3 months after the end of brachytherapy were included for comparative and dosimetric analyses.
Results
The median follow-up period was 18.33 months (range, 3.25 to 38.43 months). There were no differences in oncologic outcomes between the two groups. The IGBT group had lower rate of actuarial grade ≥ 3 toxicity than the CBT group (2-year, 4.5% vs. 25.7%; p=0.030). Cumulative equieffective D2cc of sigmoid colon was significantly correlated with grade ≥ 2 lower GI toxicity (p=0.033), while equieffective D2cc of rectum (p=0.055) and bladder (p=0.069) showed marginal significance with corresponding grade ≥ 2 toxicities in the IGBT group. Half of grade ≥ 3 lower GI toxicities impacted GI tract above the rectum. Optimal thresholds of cumulative D2cc of sigmoid colon and rectum were 69.7 Gy and 70.8 Gy, respectively, for grade ≥ 2 lower GI toxicity.
Conclusion
IGBT showed superior toxicity profile to CBT. Evaluating the dose to the GI tract above rectum by IGBT might prevent some toxicities.

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Dosimetric and Clinical Effects of Polyethylene Glycol Gel in Radical Concurrent Chemoradiation Therapy for Cervical Cancer: A Phase 3 Prospective Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial
Yuxuan Wang, Xiang Zhang, Fangfang Wang, Wenjuan Chen, Xinping Cao, Yangyi Ou, Zhen Zhang, Guihao Ke, Zi Liu, Tao Wang, Peng Xie, Qiufen Guo, Wenxue Zhang, Jing Zhai, Guiling Li, Zhen Pan, Sen Hou, Zhanpeng Zhang, Yali Wang, Junfang Yan, Jie Qiu, Fuquan Z
International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics.2026; 124(2): 349. CrossRef
Image-Guided Adaptive Brachytherapy for Uterine Cancer: A Comprehensive Review
Yi-Ching Chen, Chi-Yuan Yeh
Cancers.2026; 18(4): 693. CrossRef
Cisplatin

Reactions Weekly.2023; 1947(1): 125. CrossRef
A Mixed Methods Study to Implement the Synergy Tool and Evaluate Its Impact on Long-Term Care Residents
Farinaz Havaei, Francis Kobekyaa, Andy Ma, Maura MacPhee, Wei Zhang, Megan Kaulius, Bahar Ahmadi, Sheila Boamah, Adam Easterbrook, Amy Salmon
Healthcare.2023; 11(15): 2187. CrossRef

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Head and Neck cancer

Effect of National Oral Health Screening Program on the Risk of Head and Neck Cancer: A Korean National Population-Based Study: Chan Woo Wee, Hyo-Jung Lee, Jae-Ryun Lee, Hyejin Lee, Min-Jeong Kwoen, Woo-Jin Jeong, Keun-Yong Eom; Cancer Res Treat. 2022;54(3):709-718. Published online October 22, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2021.834

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Purpose
Poor oral health is associated with head and neck cancer (HNC). We evaluated whether a national oral health screening program (OHSP) could reduce the risk of HNC.
Materials and Methods
Data from 408,247 healthy individuals aged ≥ 40 years from the National Health Insurance System-National Health Screening program during 2003 and 2004 in Korea were analyzed. The risk of HNC was compared between subjects who underwent OHSP (HEALS-Dental+, n=165,292) and routine health check-ups only (HEALS-Dental‒, n=242,955). The impact of individual oral health-related factors on HNC risk was evaluated in HEALS-Dental+.
Results
A total of 1,650 HNC cases were diagnosed. The 10-year HNC-free rate was 99.684% with a median follow-up of 11 years. The risk of all HNC (hazard ratio [HR], 1.16; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.03 to 1.29; p=0.011) and oropharyngeal cancer (HR, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.13 to 1.94; p=0.005) was significantly higher in HEALS-Dental‒ than in HEALS-Dental+. In HEALS-Dental+, oral cavity cancer was marginally reduced (p=0.085), and missing teeth was a significant factor for HNC (HR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.02 to 1.50; p=0.032). Toothbrushing was a significant factor in univariate analysis (p=0.028), but not in multivariate analysis (p=0.877).
Conclusion
The National OHSP significantly reduced the long-term HNC risk, particularly the incidence of oropharyngeal cancer. Routine OHSP should be considered at the population level.

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Oral hygiene and cancer risk: emerging evidence and public health perspectives
Guodong Sun, Huijuan Cheng, Minhong Yin
Discover Oncology.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
Gold Nanoparticles Enhance the Tumor Growth-Suppressing Effects of Cetuximab and Radiotherapy in Head and Neck Cancer In Vitro and In Vivo
Takumi Sato, Yasumasa Kakei, Takumi Hasegawa, Masahiko Kashin, Shun Teraoka, Akinobu Yamaguchi, Ryohei Sasaki, Masaya Akashi
Cancers.2023; 15(23): 5697. CrossRef

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Radiotherapy versus Surgery in Early-Stage HPV-Positive Oropharyngeal Cancer: Dong-Yun Kim, Hong-Gyun Wu, Jin Ho Kim, Joo Ho Lee, Soon-Hyun Ahn, Eun-Jae Chung, Keun-Yong Eom, Young Ho Jung, Woo-Jin Jeong, Tack-Kyun Kwon, Suzy Kim, Chan Woo Wee; Cancer Res Treat. 2022;54(2):406-416. Published online June 23, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2021.441

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Purpose
This study aimed to compare the outcomes of primary radiotherapy (RT) versus surgery in early-stage human papilloma virus–positive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (hpv+OPC), and investigate the preoperative clinical factors that can predict the requirement for postoperative adjuvant treatment.
Materials and Methods
This multicenter study included 166 patients with American Joint Committee on Cancer 8th edition-Stages I-II hpv+OPC. Sixty (36.1%) and 106 (63.9%) patients underwent primary (concurrent chemo)radiotherapy [(CC)RT] and surgery, respectively. Seventy-eight patients (73.6%) in the surgery group received postoperative (CC)RT.
Results
With a median follow-up of 45.6 months for survivors, the 2-year overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and locoregional control (LC) for RT/surgery were 97.8%/96.4%, 91.1%/92.0%, and 92.9%/93.3%, respectively. In multivariate analyses, patients with synchronous radiologic extranodal extension and conglomeration (ENEcong) of metastatic lymph nodes (LNs) showed significantly poorer OS (p=0.047), PFS (p=0.001), and LC (p=0.003). In patients undergoing primary surgery, two or more clinically positive LN metastases (odds ratio [OR], 5.15; p=0.004) and LN metastases with ENEcong (OR, 3.75; p=0.009) were predictors of postoperative chemoradiotherapy. No patient in the primary RT group demonstrated late severe toxicity whereas three (2.8%), one (0.9%), and one (0.9%) patient in the surgery group showed grade 3 dysphagia, grade 3 xerostomia, and fatal oral cavity bleeding.
Conclusion
We found no differences in OS, PFS, and LC between upfront RT and surgery in stage I-II hpv+OPC which warrants comparison through a prospective trial in the treatment de-escalation era. However, most early-stage hpv+OPC patients undergoing surgery received adjuvant (CC)RT. Pretreatment LN findings were prognostic and predictive for adjuvant treatment.

Citations

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Does Smoking Influence Outcomes in Human Papillomavirus—Associated Oropharyngeal Cancer Treated with Transoral Robotic Surgery?
Jane Y. Tong, Vera Bzhilyanskaya, Jason K. Molitoris, Matthew J. Ferris, Ranee Mehra, Kelly Moyer, Jeffrey Wolf, Rodney Taylor, Kyle M. Hatten
Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery.2026; 174(4): 1003. CrossRef
Definitive radio(chemo)therapy versus upfront surgery in the treatment of HPV-related localized or locally advanced oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma
Jérémy Baude, Caroline Guigou, David Thibouw, Noémie Vulquin, Mireille Folia, Guillaume Constantin, Jihane Boustani, Christian Duvillard, Sylvain Ladoire, Gilles Truc, Aurélie Bertaut, Cédric Chevalier, Scott M. Langevin
PLOS ONE.2024; 19(7): e0307658. CrossRef
INFLUENCE OF CONFORMAL RADIOTHERAPY IN COMBINATION WITH RADIOMODIFIERS ON THE CONTENT OF VEGF, COX-2, AND PGE-2 IN BLOOD SERUM OF PATIENTS WITH HEAD AND NECK SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA
N. MITRYAYEVA, L. GREBINYK, S. ARTIUKH, N. BILOZOR, V. STARENKIY
Experimental Oncology.2024; 46(3): 253. CrossRef
Assessment of Radiologic Extranodal Extension Using Combinatorial Analysis of Nodal Margin Breakdown and Metastatic Burden in Oropharyngeal Cancer
Sungryeal Kim, Hannah Park, Se Hyun Yeou, Jin Roh, Yoo Seob Shin, Chul-Ho Kim, Eun Ju Ha, Jeon Yeob Jang
Cancers.2023; 15(13): 3276. CrossRef
Expanding the role of combined immunochemotherapy and immunoradiotherapy in the management of head and neck cancer (Review)
Chun Wei, Xiaojun Lan, Maona Qiu, Ran Cui, Qiuxia Fu, Shafiu Umar Shinge, Tobias Muluh, Ou Jiang
Oncology Letters.2023;[Epub] CrossRef

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4 Web of Science
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CNS cancer

Long-Term Outcomes and Sequelae Analysis of Intracranial Germinoma: Need to Reduce the Extended-Field Radiotherapy Volume and Dose to Minimize Late Sequelae: Joo Ho Lee, Keun-Yong Eom, Ji Hoon Phi, Chul-Kee Park, Seung Ki Kim, Byung-Kyu Cho, Tae Min Kim, Dae Seog Heo, Kyung Taek Hong, Jung Yoon Choi, Hyoung Jin Kang, Hee Young Shin, Seung Hong Choi, Soon Tae Lee, Sung Hye Park, Kyu-Chang Wang, Il Han Kim; Cancer Res Treat. 2021;53(4):983-990. Published online January 13, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2020.1052

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Purpose
We aimed to refine the radiotherapy (RT) volume and dose for intracranial germinoma considering recurrences and long-term toxicities.
Materials and Methods
Total 189 patients with intracranial germinoma were treated with RT alone (n=50) and RT with upfront chemotherapy (CRT) (n=139). All cases were confirmed histologically. RT fields comprised the extended-field and involved-field only for primary site. The extended-field, including craniospinal, whole brain (WB), and whole ventricle (WV) for cranial field, is followed by involved-field boost. The median follow-up duration was 115 months.
Results
The relapses developed in 13 patients (6.9%). For the extended-field, cranial RT dose down to 18 Gy exhibited no cranial recurrence in 34 patients. In CRT, 74 patients (56.5%) showed complete response to chemotherapy and no involved-field recurrence with low-dose RT of 30 Gy. WV RT with chemotherapy for the basal ganglia or thalamus germinoma showed no recurrence. Secondary malignancy developed in 10 patients (5.3%) with a latency of 20 years (range, 4 to 26 years) and caused mortalities in six. WB or craniospinal field rather than WV or involved-field significantly increased the rate of hormone deficiencies, and secondary malignancy. RT dose for extended-field correlated significantly with the rate of hormone deficiencies, secondary malignancy, and neurocognitive dysfunction.
Conclusion
De-intensifying extended-field rather than involved-field or total scheme of RT will be critical to decrease the late toxicities. Upfront chemotherapy could be beneficial for the patients with complete response to minimize the RT dose down to 30 Gy. Prospective trials focused on de-intensification of the extended-field RT are warranted.

Citations

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Long-term outcomes and late complications of intracranial germinoma: Implications for follow-up policy
Youngbo Shim, Seung-Ki Kim, Kyung Hyun Kim, Kyung Taek Hong, Chae-Yong Kim, Chul-Kee Park, Ji Yeoun Lee, Ji Hoon Phi, Hee Young Shin, Hyo Seop Ahn, Byung-Kyu Cho, Il Han Kim, Kyu-Chang Wang
Neuro-Oncology Advances.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
Optimal treatment approach for intracranial germinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Zhirui Zhou, Jiabing Liu, Qi Yue, Lingxiao Chen, Xiwei Zhang, Xin Lin, Lin Zheng, Enmin Wang, Yang Wang, Ying Mao
BMC Cancer.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Distribution and failure patterns of primary central nervous system lymphoma related to the hippocampus: implications for hippocampal avoidance irradiation
Hyejo Ryu, Xue Li, Tae Hoon Lee, Tae Min Kim, Seung Hong Choi, Chul-Kee Park, Soon Tae Lee, Sung-Hye Park, Jae-Kyung Won, Bum-Sup Jang, Il Han Kim, Joo Ho Lee
Journal of Neuro-Oncology.2025; 173(1): 95. CrossRef
Risk factors and clinical prediction model for vertebral artery stenosis following radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Jiang Zhou, Lu Ying, Yang Hui, Xu Zhuohua, Wei Mingjing, Zhu Xiaodong
Journal of International Medical Research.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
NTRK-fused central nervous system tumours: clinicopathological and genetic insights and response to TRK inhibitors
Eric Eunshik Kim, Chul-Kee Park, Seung-Ki Kim, Ji Hoon Phi, Sun Ha Paek, Jung Yoon Choi, Hyoung Jin Kang, Joo Ho Lee, Jae Kyung Won, Hongseok Yun, Sung-Hye Park
Acta Neuropathologica Communications.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Clinical significance of cerebral microbleeds in patients with germinoma who underwent long-term follow-up
Masayuki Kanamori, Shunji Mugikura, Osamu Iizuka, Naoko Mori, Yoshiteru Shimoda, Ichiyo Shibahara, Rei Umezawa, Keiichi Jingu, Ryuta Saito, Yukihiko Sonoda, Toshihiro Kumabe, Kyoko Suzuki, Hidenori Endo
Journal of Neuro-Oncology.2024; 170(1): 173. CrossRef
Excluding prepontine cistern from whole ventricle radiotherapy target volume in localized germinoma
Hyejo Ryu, Joo Ho Lee
Radiation Oncology Journal.2023; 41(1): 48. CrossRef
Intracranial Germinomas: Diagnosis, Pathogenesis, Clinical Presentation, and Management
Natalia Kremenevski, Michael Buchfelder, Nirjhar Hore
Current Oncology Reports.2023; 25(7): 765. CrossRef
Proton therapy for pediatric diencephalic tumors
Adam J. Grippin, Susan L. McGovern
Frontiers in Oncology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Intracranial Germinoma—Association between Delayed Diagnosis, Altered Clinical Manifestations, and Prognosis
Iwona Jabłońska, Marcin Goławski, Elżbieta Nowicka, Katarzyna Drosik-Rutowicz, Anna Trybus, Rafał Tarnawski, Marcin Miszczyk
Cancers.2023; 15(10): 2789. CrossRef
Outcomes of intracranial germinoma—A retrospective multinational Asian study on effect of clinical presentation and differential treatment strategies
Kyung-Nam Koh, Ru Xin Wong, Dong-Eun Lee, Jung Woo Han, Hwa Kyung Byun, Hong In Yoon, Dong-Seok Kim, Chuhl Joo Lyu, Hyoung Jin Kang, Kyung Taek Hong, Joo Ho Lee, Il Han Kim, Ji Hoon Phi, Seung-Ki Kim, Tai-Tong Wong, Hsin-Lun Lee, I-Chun Lai, Yu-Mei Kang,
Neuro-Oncology.2022; 24(8): 1389. CrossRef
Photon versus proton whole ventricular radiotherapy for non‐germinomatous germ cell tumors: A report from the Children's Oncology Group
David Y. Mak, Zain Siddiqui, Zhihui Amy Liu, Hitesh Dama, Shannon M. MacDonald, Shengjie Wu, Erin S. Murphy, Matthew D. Hall, Victor Malkov, Arzu Onar‐Thomas, Sameera Ahmed, Girish Dhall, Derek S. Tsang
Pediatric Blood & Cancer.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Factors Influencing Craniospinal Relapse of Intracranial Germinoma After Complete Remission
Takao Tsurubuchi, Kei Hara, Shingo Takano, Ai Muroi, Hiroko Fukushima, Masashi Mizumoto, Noriaki Sakamoto, Masahide Matsuda, Hiroyoshi Akutsu, Hideyuki Sakurai, Eiichi Ishikawa
World Neurosurgery.2022; 166: e325. CrossRef
Molecular Pathology and Targeted Therapies for Personalized Management of Central Nervous System Germinoma
Cristina Ilcus, Horatiu Silaghi, Carmen Emanuela Georgescu, Carmen Georgiu, Anca Ileana Ciurea, Simona Delia Nicoara, Cristina Alina Silaghi
Journal of Personalized Medicine.2021; 11(7): 661. CrossRef

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A Novel Prognostic Nomogram for Predicting Risks of Distant Failure in Patients with Invasive Breast Cancer Following Postoperative Adjuvant Radiotherapy: Yu Jin Lim, Sea-Won Lee, Noorie Choi, Jeanny Kwon, Keun-Yong Eom, Eunyoung Kang, Eun-Kyu Kim, Jee Hyun Kim, Yu Jung Kim, Se Hyun Kim, So Yeon Park, In Ah Kim; Cancer Res Treat. 2018;50(4):1140-1148. Published online December 7, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2017.508

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
This study aimed to identify predictors for distant metastatic behavior and build a related prognostic nomogram in breast cancer.
Materials and Methods
A total of 1,181 patients with non-metastatic breast cancer between 2003 and 2011 were analyzed. To predict the probability of distant metastasis, a nomogram was constructed based on prognostic factors identified using a Cox proportional hazards model.
Results
The 7-year overall survival and 5-year post-progression survival of locoregional versus distant recurrence groups were 67.6% versus 39.1% (p=0.027) and 54.2% versus 33.5% (p=0.043), respectively. Patients who developed distant metastasis showed early and late mortality risk peaks within 3 and after 5 years of follow-up, respectively, but a broad and low risk increment was observed in other patients with locoregional relapse. In multivariate analysis of distant metastasis-free interval, age (≥ 45 years vs. < 45 years), molecular subtypes (luminal A vs. luminal B, human epidermal growth receptor 2, and triple negative), T category (T1 vs. T2-3 and T4), and N category (N0 vs. N1 and N2-3) were independently associated (p < 0.05 for all). Regarding the significant factors, a well-validated nomogram was established (concordance index, 0.812). The risk score level of patients with initial brain failure was higher than those of non-brain sites (p=0.029).
Conclusion
The nomogram could be useful for predicting the individual probability of distant recurrence in breast cancer. In high-risk patients based on the risk scores, more aggressive systemic therapy and closer surveillance for metastatic failure should be considered.

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Predicting Patterns of Distant Metastasis in Breast Cancer Patients following Local Regional Therapy Using Machine Learning
Audrey Shiner, Alex Kiss, Khadijeh Saednia, Katarzyna J. Jerzak, Sonal Gandhi, Fang-I Lu, Urban Emmenegger, Lauren Fleshner, Andrew Lagree, Marie Angeli Alera, Mateusz Bielecki, Ethan Law, Brianna Law, Dylan Kam, Jonathan Klein, Christopher J. Pinard, Ale
Genes.2023; 14(9): 1768. CrossRef
Nomograms for Predicting Specific Distant Metastatic Sites and Overall Survival of Breast Invasive Ductal Carcinoma Patients After Surgery: A Large Population-Based Study
Yuqian Feng, Yiting Zhang, Yuying Xiang, Kaibo Guo, Huimin Jin, Shanming Ruan, Zhuoya Guan
Frontiers in Surgery.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Cost-effectiveness of postmastectomy hypofractionated radiation therapy vs conventional fractionated radiation therapy for high-risk breast cancer
Jing Yang, Shu-Nan Qi, Hui Fang, Yong-Wen Song, Jing Jin, Yue-Ping Liu, Wei-Hu Wang, Yong Yang, Yu Tang, Hua Ren, Bo Chen, Ning-Ning Lu, Yuan Tang, Ning Li, Hao Jing, Shu-Lian Wang, Ye-Xiong Li
The Breast.2021; 58: 72. CrossRef
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Koji Takada, Shinichiro Kashiwagi, Yuka Asano, Wataru Goto, Rika Kouhashi, Akimichi Yabumoto, Sae Ishihara, Tamami Morisaki, Masatsune Shibutani, Hiroaki Tanaka, Kosei Hirakawa, Masaichi Ohira
BMC Women's Health.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Nomogram for the personalisation of radiotherapy treatments in breast cancer patients
Inmaculada Beato Tortajada, Carlos Ferrer Albiach, Virginia Morillo Macias
The Breast.2021; 60: 255. CrossRef
Prognostic Factors and Nomograms to Predict Overall and Cancer-Specific Survival for Children with Wilms’ Tumor
Fucai Tang, Hanbin Zhang, Zechao Lu, Jiamin Wang, Chengwu He, Zhaohui He
Disease Markers.2019; 2019: 1. CrossRef
Score for the Survival Probability in Metastasis Breast Cancer: A Nomogram-Based Risk Assessment Model
Zhenchong Xiong, Guangzheng Deng, Xinjian Huang, Xing Li, Xinhua Xie, Jin Wang, Zeyu Shuang, Xi Wang
Cancer Research and Treatment.2018; 50(4): 1260. CrossRef

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Prognostic Value of Log Odds of Positive Lymph Nodes after Radical Surgery Followed by Adjuvant Treatment in High-Risk Cervical Cancer: Jeanny Kwon, Keun-Yong Eom, In Ah Kim, Jae-Sung Kim, Young-Beom Kim, Jae Hong No, Kidong Kim; Cancer Res Treat. 2016;48(2):632-640. Published online July 14, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2015.085

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Purpose
The purpose of this study is to compare the prognostic efficacy of the number and location of positive lymph nodes (LN), LN ratio (LNR), and log odds of positive LNs (LODDs) in highrisk cervical cancer treated with radical surgery and adjuvant treatment. Materials and Methods Fifty high-risk patients who underwent radical hysterectomy and pelvic node dissection followed by adjuvant treatment were analyzed retrospectively. The patients had International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage IA2-IIB. Upper LN is defined as common iliac or higher LN, and LNR is the ratio of positive LNs to harvested LNs. LODDs is log odds between positive LNs and negative LNs. Radiotherapy was delivered to the whole pelvis with median 50.4 Gy/28 Fx± to the para-aortic regions. Platinum-based chemotherapy was used in most patients (93%). The median follow-up duration was 80 months. Results The 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) rate was 76.1%, and the overall survival (OS) rate was 86.4%. Treatment failure occurred in 11 patients, and distant failure (DF) was the dominant pattern (90.9%). In univariate analysis, significantly lower DFSwas observed in patients with perineural invasion, ≥ 2 LN metastases, LNR ≥ 10%, upper LN metastasis, and ≥ –1.05 LODDs. In multivariate analysis, ≥ –1.05 LODDs was the only significant factor for DFS (p=0.011). Of patients with LODDs ≥ –1.05, 40.9% experienced DF. LODDs was the only significant prognostic factor for OS as well (p=0.006). Conclusion LODDs ≥ –1.05 was the only significant prognostic factor for both DFS and OS. In patients with LODDs ≥ –1.05, intensified chemotherapy might be required, considering the high rate of DF.

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Perineural invasion in cervical cancer
Xiayi Li, Xiaojing Yang, Shuchen Lin, Hui Cong, Yawen Liu, Yudong Wang, Jie Fu
Cancer Letters.2025; 616: 217561. CrossRef
Log odds of positive lymph nodes compared to positive lymph node ratio and number of positive lymph nodes in prognostic modeling for patients with NSCLC undergoing lobectomy or total pneumonectomy: a population-based study using Cox regression and XGBoost
Qiming Huang, Shai Chen, Zhenjie Li, Longren Wu, Dongliang Yu, Linmin Xiong
Frontiers in Surgery.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
The Combined Prognostic Value of 18F‐FDG PET/CT Metabolic Parameters of Immune Organs and Hematological Immune‐Related Markers in Patients With Locally Advanced Cervical Cancer
Yi Li, Xin Wang, Yuanlin Li, Wanhu Li, Defeng Liu, Longxiang Guo, Xiuli Liu, Zhichao Li, Ao Liu, Minghuan Li
Cancer Medicine.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
What is the impact of perineural invasion on the prognosis of cervical cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Guangyao Cai, Siru Zhang, Shangbin Gao, Ting Deng, He Huang, Yanling Feng, Ting Wan
BMC Cancer.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
The Prognostic Significance of Lymph Node Status and Local Tumor Factors in Stage IIIC Cervical Cancer: A Systematic Review
Wenyan Zhang, Zhongzhu Tang
Journal of Medicine and Health Science.2025; 3(3): 80. CrossRef
Perineural invasion in cervical cancer: A multicenter retrospective study
Xiaolin Chen, Hui Duan, Hongwei Zhao, Fangjie He, Lu Yin, Yueping Liu, Lixia Wang, Chunlin Chen
European Journal of Surgical Oncology.2024; 50(6): 108313. CrossRef
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Cancers.2023; 15(4): 1137. CrossRef
Development and Validation of Novel Nomograms to Predict the Overall Survival and Cancer-Specific Survival of Cervical Cancer Patients With Lymph Node Metastasis
Jianying Yi, Zhili Liu, Lu Wang, Xingxin Zhang, Lili Pi, Chunlei Zhou, Hong Mu
Frontiers in Oncology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
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Fengying Qin, Huiting Pang, Tao Yu, Yahong Luo, Yue Dong
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Objective Measurement of Cosmetic Outcomes of Breast Conserving Therapy Using BCCT.core: Tosol Yu, Keun-Yong Eom, Na Young Jang, Kyung Su Kim, Tae Ryool Koo, Jeanny Kwon, Byoung Hyuck Kim, Eunyoung Kang, Sung-Won Kim, Jae-Sung Kim, In Ah Kim; Cancer Res Treat. 2016;48(2):491-498. Published online June 22, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2015.088

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to evaluate objective cosmetic outcomes and factors related to breast-conserving therapy (BCT) using the BCCT.core software.
Materials and Methods
Fifty-one patients who received BCT with informed consent were evaluated using the BCCT.core software. Patients were divided into two groups based on the BCCT score: excellent or good (n=42) vs. fair or poor (n=9). Analysis of clinical factors was performed to determine factors affecting cosmetic outcomes.
Results
The objective cosmetic outcome of BCT measured using the BCCT.core software was excellent in 10% of patients, good in 72%, and fair in 18%. None of the patients were classified as poor outcome. Tumor characteristics, systemic adjuvant therapy (chemotherapy and hormonal therapy), and radiation dose or energy of electron boost did not show correlation with the score measured by the BCCT.core program (p > 0.05). In univariate analysis, maximum dose within the breast (Dmax), width of tangential field, and excised tumor volume were smaller in patients with excellent or good by the BCCT.core compared to those with fair or poor (Dmax, 110.2±1.5% vs. 111.6±1.7%, p=0.019; width of tangential field, 8.0±1.1 cm vs. 8.6±0.7 cm, p=0.034; excised tumor volume, 64.0±35.8 cm3 vs. 95.3±54.4 cm3, p=0.067). In multivariate analysis, only Dmax was a significant factor for breast cosmetic outcome with a risk ratio of 1.697 (95% confidence interval, 1.006 to 2.863; p=0.047).
Conclusion
Objective measurement of cosmetic outcome of BCT using the BCCT.core software was feasible. The cosmetic outcome of BCT may be affected by the maximum dose within the breast.

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The Effect of Chemoradiotherapy with SRC Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor, PP2 and Temozolomide on Malignant Glioma Cells In Vitro and In Vivo: Keun-Yong Eom, Bong Jun Cho, Eun Jung Choi, Jin-Ho Kim, Eui Kyu Chie, Hong-Gyun Wu, Il Han Kim, Sun Ha Paek, Jae-Sung Kim, In Ah Kim; Cancer Res Treat. 2016;48(2):687-697. Published online June 4, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2014.320

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Purpose
We investigated the effect of chemoradiotherapy with PP2 and temozolomide (TMZ) on malignant glioma cells using clonogenic assays and in vivo brain tumor model.
Materials and Methods
The effect of PP2 on radiosensitivity of U251 and T98G cells was investigated using clonogenic assays. The expression of E-cadherin, matrix metalloproteinases 2 (MMP2), Ephrin type-A receptor 2 (EphA2), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was measured by Western blotting and an accumulation of γH2AX foci 6 hours after radiotherapy was measured after PP2 treatment. The effect of PP2 on migration, invasion, and vasculogenic mimicry formation (VMF) of U251 cells was evaluated. In an orthotopical brain tumor model with U251 cells, PP2 was injected intraperitoneally with or without oral TMZ before, during and after whole brain radiotherapy. Bioluminescence images were taken to visualize in vivo tumors and immunohistochemical staining of VEGF, CD31, EphA2, and hypoxia-inducible factor 1a was performed.
Results
PP2 increased radiosensitivity of U251 and T98G cells without decreasing survival of normal human astrocytes. Chemoradiotherapy with PP2 and TMZ resulted in increased accumulation of γH2AX foci. PP2 induced overexpression of E-cadherin and suppression of MMP2, VEGF, and EphA2. PP2 also compromised invasion, migration, and VMF of U251 cells. In brain tumors, chemoradiotherapy with PP2 and TMZ decreased tumor volume best, but not statistically significantly compared with chemoradiotherapy with TMZ. The expression of VEGF and CD31 was suppressed in PP2-treated tumors.
Conclusion
PP2 enhances radiosensitivity of malignant glioma cells and suppresses invasion and migration of U251 cells. Chemoradiotherapy with PP2 and TMZ resulted in non-significant tumor volume decrease.

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The Expression of Carbonic Anhydrase (CA) IX/XII and Lymph Node Metastasis in Early Breast Cancer: Keun-Yong Eom, Min Hye Jang, So Yeon Park, Eun Young Kang, Sung Won Kim, Jee Hyun Kim, Jae-Sung Kim, In Ah Kim; Cancer Res Treat. 2016;48(1):125-132. Published online March 3, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2014.243

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Purpose
The aim of study was to test by immunohistochemical (IHC) staining whether carbonic anhydrase (CA) 9 and 12 have an effect on sentinel lymph node (SLN) metastasis in early breast cancer and to find clinicopathologic factors associated with SLN metastasis.
Materials and Methods
Between June 2003 and June 2011, medical records of 470 patients diagnosedwith breast cancer with pT1-2, pN0-2, and M0 were reviewed. Of these 470, 314 patients who underwent SLN biopsy±axillary dissection were subjects of this study. Using tissue microarray, IHC staining for CA9 and CA12 was performed. Clinicopathologic factors such as patient age, tumour size, lymphatic invasion, hormone receptor status, and the Ki-67 labeling index were analysed together.
Results
The mean age of all patients was 51.7 years. The mean number of harvested SLN was 3.62, and 212 patients (67.5%) had negative SLN. Lymphatic invasion, the Ki-67 labelling index of primary tumours, and CA9 staining of stromal cells, were independent risk factors for SLN metastasis in the multivariate analysis. In 33 patients (10.5%) without the three risk factors, no patient had SLN metastasis. In 80 patients without lymphatic invasion of primary tumours or CA9 staining of stromal cells, only four patients (5%) had positive SLN.
Conclusion
CA9 staining of stromal cells is an independent risk factor for SLN metastasis as well as lymphatic invasion and a low Ki-67 labelling index of primary tumours in patients with early breast cancer. IHC staining of primary tumours for CA12was not associatedwith SLN metastasis.

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The Role of Radiotherapy in the Treatment of Newly Diagnosed Supratentorial Low-grade Oligodendrogliomas: Comparative Analysis with Immediate Radiotherapy versus Surgery Alone: Hyun-Cheol Kang, Il Han Kim, Keun-Yong Eom, Jin Ho Kim, Hee-Won Jung; Cancer Res Treat. 2009;41(3):132-137. Published online September 28, 2009; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2009.41.3.132

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of immediate postoperative radiotherapy (RT) in adult patients with a low-grade oligodendroglioma (LODG).

Materials and Methods

A total of 74 patients, older than 15 years, were treated in our institution between April 1990 and March 2006 for newly diagnosed LODGs. After surgery, 43 patients were treated with immediate RT with a total dose of 54~55.8 Gy with 1.8 Gy fractions (RT group) and 31 patients were followed with no adjuvant RT (OP group). All patients were closely observed until tumor progression or death with frequent work-ups including neurological examinations and MRI. Primary endpoints were overall survival and progression-free survival. The median follow-up duration of survivors was 6.2 years in the RT group and 5.8 years in the OP group.

Results

Median progression-free survival was 13.2 years in the RT group and 4.6 years in the OP group; multivariate analysis confirmed improved outcome with the use of immediate RT (hazard ratio, 0.22; 95% confidence interval-CI, 0.09~0.55; p<0.001). Median overall survival was 14.9 years in the RT group and 9.8 years in the OP group; the use of adjuvant RT was also associated with a trend toward better overall survival after immediate RT based on multivariate analysis (hazard ratio, 0.3; 95% CI, 0.08~1.17; p=0.082). No severe RT related complications were observed.

Conclusion

Immediate RT following surgery appears to be an effective treatment modality for supratentorial LODGs. However, the potential benefit of adjuvant RT for overall survival needs to be tested prospectively in the future.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

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Journal of Neuro-Oncology.2011; 102(3): 443. CrossRef

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