Cancer Research and Treatment

Case Report

Case Report of Pulmonary Sarcoidosis Suspected to be Pulmonary Metastasis in a Patient with Breast Cancer: Hye Sook Kim, Suk-young Lee, Sang Cheul Oh, Chul Won Choi, Jun Suk Kim, Jae Hong Seo; Cancer Res Treat. 2014;46(3):317-321. Published online July 15, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2014.46.3.317

Standard endocrine therapy and chemotherapy can induce long-term remission in breast cancer patients; however, breast cancer can recur at any site. Pulmonary nodules with lymphadenopathy in advanced cancer patients are likely to be assumed as metastases. A 44-year-old woman with a history of breast cancer was presented to our institution with abnormal findings on 18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography imaging, which suggested lung metastasis. She had previously been diagnosed with breast cancer (T1N2M0, Stage IIIa, intraductal carcinoma, triple negative cancer). Histological analysis of the mediastinal lymph node biopsy demonstrated sarcoidosis, showing a chronic, non-caseating, granulomatous inflammation. Our case highlights the need for non-malignant diagnoses in those with prior malignancies, and the need for histological evaluations in the event of first recurrence following potentially curative therapy.

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Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration facilitating diagnosis of sarcoidosis in a breast cancer patient with multiple lymphadenopathy: a case report
Yuka Oride, Yumiko Koi, Tatsunari Sasada, Keiko Kajitani, Masahiro Ohara, Tomohiro Kondo, Yutaka Daimaru, Shingo Kawamura
Journal of Medical Case Reports.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Sarcoidosis or metastatic rectal cancer? Diligent diagnosis for optimal therapeutic management
Tanya Odisho, Sonal Kaushik, An King Ang
Current Problems in Cancer: Case Reports.2022; 8: 100187. CrossRef
Sarcoid-Like Lesions Mimicking Pulmonary Metastasis: A Case Series and Review of the Literature
Hendrik Eggers, Marcus Krüger, Katharina Stange, Danny Jonigk, Christian Biancosino, Thomas Rodt, Thomas Fühner, Tim Murray, Viktor Grünwald, Philipp Ivanyi
Oncology Research and Treatment.2019; 42(7-8): 382. CrossRef
Concurrent Diagnoses of Cutaneous Sarcoidosis and Recurrent Metastatic Breast Cancer: More than a Coincidental Occurrence?
Jacqueline Deen, Nick Mellick, Laura Wheller
Case Reports in Dermatological Medicine.2018; 2018: 1. CrossRef
18F-FLUOROESTRADIOL PET/CT IN DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF LUNG LESIONS IN BREAST CANCER PATIENTS: CASE REPORTS
N. В. Vikhrova, A. A. Odzharova, M. В. Dolgushin, D. I. Nevzorov
Siberian journal of oncology.2018; 17(5): 111. CrossRef
Coexistence of sarcoidosis and metastatic lesions: A diagnostic and therapeutic dilemma (Review)
Christoph Spiekermann, Meike Kuhlencord, Sebastian Huss, Claudia Rudack, Daniel Weiï¿½
Oncology Letters.2017;[Epub] CrossRef
Sarcoidosis Presenting with Multiple Lung Parenchymal Nodules
Hyung-Jun Kim, Jimyung Park, Jee Min Kim, Ye Jin Lee, Hye-Rin Kang, Chang-Hoon Lee
The Ewha Medical Journal.2016; 39(2): 61. CrossRef
Systemic sarcoidosis mimicking malignant metastatic disease
Irena Hammen, David Lee Sherson, Jesper Roemhild Davidsen
European Clinical Respiratory Journal.2015; 2(1): 26761. CrossRef
Baohuoside I Suppresses Invasion of Cervical and Breast Cancer Cells through the Downregulation of CXCR4 Chemokine Receptor Expression
Buyun Kim, Byoungduck Park
Biochemistry.2014; 53(48): 7562. CrossRef

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Original Articles

Modified MVAC as a Second-Line Treatment for Patients with Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma after Failure of Gemcitabine and Cisplatin Treatment: Jung Hyun Lee, Sung Gu Kang, Seung Tae Kim, Seok Ho Kang, In Keun Choi, Young Je Park, Sang Chul Oh, Deuk Jae Sung, Jae Hong Seo, Jun Cheon, Sang Won Shin, Yeul Hong Kim, Jun Suk Kim, Kyong Hwa Park; Cancer Res Treat. 2014;46(2):172-177. Published online April 15, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2014.46.2.172

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Purpose

There is no established standard second-line chemotherapy for patients with advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma (UC) who failed gemcitabine and cisplatin (GC) chemotherapy. This study was conducted in order to investigate the efficacy and toxicity of modified methotrexate, vinblastine, doxorubicin, and cisplatin (MVAC) in patients with metastatic UC previously treated with GC.

Materials and Methods

We retrospectively analyzed 28 patients who received modified MVAC between November 2004 and November 2012. All patients failed prior, first-line GC chemotherapy.

Results

The median age of patients was 64.0 years (range, 33.0 to 77.0 years), and 23 (82.1%) patients had an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 0 or 1. The overall response rate and the disease control rate were 36.0% and 64.0%, respectively. After a median follow-up period of 38 weeks (range, 5 to 182 weeks), median progression free survival was 21.0 weeks (95% confidence interval [CI], 6.3 to 35.7 weeks) and median overall survival was 49.0 weeks (95% CI, 18.8 to 79.3 weeks). Grade 3 or 4 hematological toxicities included neutropenia (n=21, 75.0%) and anemia (n=9, 32.1%). Grade 3 or 4 non-hematological toxicities did not occur and there was no treatment-related death.

Conclusion

Modified MVAC appears to be a safe and active chemotherapy regimen in patients with stable physical status and adequate renal function after GC treatment.

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Chronological transition in outcome of second-line treatment in patients with metastatic urothelial cancer after pembrolizumab approval: a multicenter retrospective analysis
Teruki Isobe, Taku Naiki, Yosuke Sugiyama, Aya Naiki-Ito, Takashi Nagai, Toshiki Etani, Satoshi Nozaki, Keitaro Iida, Yusuke Noda, Nobuhiko Shimizu, Nami Tomiyama, Rika Banno, Hiroki Kubota, Shuzo Hamamoto, Ryosuke Ando, Noriyasu Kawai, Takahiro Yasui
International Journal of Clinical Oncology.2022; 27(1): 165. CrossRef
SIU-ICUD recommendations on bladder cancer: systemic therapy for metastatic bladder cancer
Axel S. Merseburger, Andrea B. Apolo, Simon Chowdhury, Noah M. Hahn, Matthew D. Galsky, Matthew I. Milowsky, Daniel Petrylak, Tom Powles, David I. Quinn, Jonathan E. Rosenberg, Arlene Siefker-Radtke, Guru Sonpavde, Cora N. Sternberg
World Journal of Urology.2019; 37(1): 95. CrossRef
Efficacy of Different Second-line Therapy Regimens in Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma
Lukas Barwitz, Anne Berger, Stefanie Zschaebitz, Max Jenzer, Cathleen Nientiedt, Stefan Duensing, Dirk Jäger, Dogu Teber, Markus Hohenfellner, Carsten Grüllich
The Open Urology & Nephrology Journal.2017; 10(1): 52. CrossRef
Cisplatin- Versus Non–Cisplatin-based First-Line Chemotherapy for Advanced Urothelial Carcinoma Previously Treated With Perioperative Cisplatin
Jennifer A. Locke, Gregory Russell Pond, Guru Sonpavde, Andrea Necchi, Patrizia Giannatempo, Ravi Kumar Paluri, Guenter Niegisch, Peter Albers, Carlo Buonerba, Giuseppe Di Lorenzo, Ulka N. Vaishampayan, Scott A. North, Neeraj Agarwal, Syed A. Hussain, Sum
Clinical Genitourinary Cancer.2016; 14(4): 331. CrossRef
Second Line Chemotherapy for Advanced and Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma: Vinflunine and Beyond—A Comprehensive Review of the Current Literature
Christoph Oing, Michael Rink, Karin Oechsle, Christoph Seidel, Gunhild von Amsberg, Carsten Bokemeyer
Journal of Urology.2016; 195(2): 254. CrossRef
Predicting the response of patients with advanced urothelial cancer to methotrexate, vinblastine, Adriamycin, and cisplatin (MVAC) after the failure of gemcitabine and platinum (GP)
Ki Hong Kim, Sung Joon Hong, Kyung Seok Han
BMC Cancer.2015;[Epub] CrossRef

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Impact of KRAS Mutation Status on Outcomes in Metastatic Colon Cancer Patients without Anti-Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Therapy: Seung Tae Kim, Kyong Hwa Park, Jun Suk Kim, Sang Won Shin, Yeul Hong Kim; Cancer Res Treat. 2013;45(1):55-62. Published online March 31, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2013.45.1.55

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PURPOSE
Activating mutation of the KRAS oncogene is an established negative predictor for anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (anti-EGFR) therapies in metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC). However, KRAS mutation as a prognostic factor of survival outcome remains controversial in CRC, independent of anti-EGFR therapies.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
We conducted a retrospective analysis of 103 CRC patients who were available for evaluation of KRAS mutation status. None of the patients analyzed had received anti-EGFR therapies. The role of KRAS mutation status was evaluated as a predictive factor for oxaliplatin or irinotecan and as a prognostic factor in CRC patients who did not receive anti-EGFR therapies.
RESULTS
Mutations in KRAS were observed in 48.5% of patients. The response for oxaliplatin- (p=0.664) and irinotecan-based (p=0.255) cytotoxic chemotherapy did not differ according to the KRAS mutation status. In addition, no significant difference in progression free survival (PFS; oxaliplatin, p=0.583 and irinotecan, p=0.426) and overall survival (OS; p=0.258) was observed between the wild and mutant type of the KRAS gene. In univariate and multivariate analyses, KRAS mutations did not have a major prognostic value regarding PFS (oxaliplatin: hazard ratio, 0.892; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.590 to 1.347; p=0.586 and irinotecan: hazard ratio, 0.831; 95% CI, 0.524 to 1.319; p=0.433) or OS (hazard ratio, 0.754; 95% CI, 0.460 to 1.236; p=0.263). In addition, anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapies did not affect PFS to oxaliplatin or irinotecan and OS.
CONCLUSION
KRAS mutation is not a prognostic marker for PFS to oxaliplatin or irinotecan and OS in CRC patients who did not receive anti-EGFR therapies.

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The Landscape of PIK3CA Mutations in Colorectal Cancer
Ioannis A. Voutsadakis
Clinical Colorectal Cancer.2021; 20(3): 201. CrossRef
Noninvasive Biomarkers of Colorectal Cancer: Role in Diagnosis and Personalised Treatment Perspectives
Gianluca Pellino, Gaetano Gallo, Pierlorenzo Pallante, Raffaella Capasso, Alfonso De Stefano, Isacco Maretto, Umberto Malapelle, Shengyang Qiu, Stella Nikolaou, Andrea Barina, Giuseppe Clerico, Alfonso Reginelli, Antonio Giuliani, Guido Sciaudone, Christo
Gastroenterology Research and Practice.2018; 2018: 1. CrossRef
Connecting cancer biology and clinical outcomes to imaging in KRAS mutant and wild-type colorectal cancer liver tumors following selective internal radiation therapy with yttrium-90
Michael J. Magnetta, Anish Ghodadra, Steven J. Lahti, Minzhi Xing, Di Zhang, Hyun S. Kim
Abdominal Radiology.2017; 42(2): 451. CrossRef
C1QBP is upregulated in colon cancer and binds to apolipoprotein A-I
Kun Kim, Min-Jeong Kim, Kyung-Hee Kim, Sun-A Ahn, Jong Heon Kim, Jae Youl Cho, Seung-Gu Yeo
Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine.2017; 13(5): 2493. CrossRef
Role of RAS mutation status as a prognostic factor for patients with advanced colorectal cancer treated with first-line chemotherapy based on fluoropyrimidines and oxaliplatin, with or without bevavizumab: A retrospective analysis
Javier Garde Noguera, Eloisa Jantus-Lewintre, Mireia Gil-Raga, Elena Evgenyeva, Sonia Maciá Escalante, Antonio Llombart-Cussac, Carlos Camps Herrero
Molecular and Clinical Oncology.2017; 6(3): 403. CrossRef
Up-front systemic chemotherapy is a feasible option compared to primary tumor resection followed by chemotherapy for colorectal cancer with unresectable synchronous metastases
Hiroaki Niitsu, Takao Hinoi, Manabu Shimomura, Hiroyuki Egi, Minoru Hattori, Yasuyo Ishizaki, Tomohiro Adachi, Yasufumi Saito, Masashi Miguchi, Hiroyuki Sawada, Masatoshi Kochi, Shoichiro Mukai, Hideki Ohdan
World Journal of Surgical Oncology.2015;[Epub] CrossRef
KRAS Status as an Independent Prognostic Factor for Survival after Yttrium-90 Radioembolization Therapy for Unresectable Colorectal Cancer Liver Metastases
Steven J. Lahti, Minzhi Xing, Di Zhang, James J. Lee, Michael J. Magnetta, Hyun S. Kim
Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology.2015; 26(8): 1102. CrossRef
Prevalence of KRAS, BRAF, PI3K and EGFR mutations among Asian patients with metastatic colorectal cancer
LEE CHENG PHUA, HUI WEN NG, ANGIE HUI LING YEO, ELYA CHEN, MICHELLE SHU MEI LO, PEH YEAN CHEAH, ERIC CHUN YONG CHAN, POH KOON KOH, HAN KIAT HO
Oncology Letters.2015; 10(4): 2519. CrossRef
Characterization of rare transformingKRASmutations in sporadic colorectal cancer
Joanna HM Tong, Raymond WM Lung, Frankie MC Sin, Peggy PY Law, Wei Kang, Anthony WH Chan, Brigette BY Ma, Tony WC Mak, Simon SM Ng, Ka Fai To
Cancer Biology & Therapy.2014; 15(6): 768. CrossRef
Beyond KRAS: Predictive factors of the efficacy of anti-EGFR monoclonal antibodies in the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer
Alfonso De Stefano
World Journal of Gastroenterology.2014; 20(29): 9732. CrossRef
RAS mutations: impact on treatment outcome
Sameh Mikhail, Tanios Bekaii-Saab
Colorectal Cancer.2013; 2(6): 525. CrossRef
The prognostic values of EGFR expression and KRAS mutation in patients with synchronous or metachronous metastatic colorectal cancer
Ching-Wen Huang, Hsiang-Lin Tsai, Yi-Ting Chen, Chun-Ming Huang, Cheng-Jen Ma, Chien-Yu Lu, Chao-Hung Kuo, Deng-Chyang Wu, Chee-Yin Chai, Jaw-Yuan Wang
BMC Cancer.2013;[Epub] CrossRef

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A Phase II Trial of Gemcitabine plus Capecitabine for Patients with Advanced Pancreatic Cancer: Jong Gwon Choi, Jae Hong Seo, Sang Cheul Oh, Chul Won Choi, Jun Suk Kim; Cancer Res Treat. 2012;44(2):127-132. Published online June 30, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2012.44.2.127

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy and safety of treatment using gemcitabine and capecitabine for patients with advanced pancreatic cancer.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Patients with advanced unresectable pancreatic adenocarcinoma were enrolled in the study. Inclusion criteria included no prior systemic chemotherapy or radiation therapy, at least one radiographically documented and measurable tumor lesion, and adequate patient organ functions. The patients received 1,000 mg/m2 gemcitabine intravenously on days 1, 8 and 15, and 830 mg/m2 of oral capecitabine twice a day on days 1-21 of a 28-day cycle.
RESULTS
Fifty patients with a median age of 53 years (range, 39 to 76 years) were enrolled in the study. The median follow-up was 10.0 months. The objective response rate of the 50 patients was 48.0% (95% CI, 22.5 to 57.1%). The median time to progression and overall survival were 6.5 months (95% CI, 2.3 to 8.7 months) and 10.0 months (95% CI, 5.7 to 16.7 months), respectively. Grade 3-4 toxicities associated with chemotherapy included neutropenia (22%), anemia (8%), thrombocytopenia (6%), and hand-foot syndrome (10%).
CONCLUSION
Combination chemotherapy using gemcitabine and capecitabine was well tolerated and demonstrated promising efficacy in the treatment of advanced pancreatic cancer.

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Results of a prospective phase 2 clinical trial of induction gemcitabine/capecitabine followed by stereotactic ablative radiation therapy in borderline resectable or locally advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma
Kimmen Quan, Philip Sutera, Karen Xu, Mark E. Bernard, Steven A. Burton, Rodney E. Wegner, Herbert Zeh, Nathan Bahary, Ronald Stoller, Dwight E. Heron
Practical Radiation Oncology.2018; 8(2): 95. CrossRef
A randomized, multicenter, phase III study of gemcitabine combined with capecitabine versus gemcitabine alone as first-line chemotherapy for advanced pancreatic cancer in South Korea
Hee Seung Lee, Moon Jae Chung, Jeong Youp Park, Seungmin Bang, Seung Woo Park, Ho Gak Kim, Myung Hwan Noh, Sang Hyub Lee, Yong-Tae Kim, Hyo Jung Kim, Chang Duck Kim, Dong Ki Lee, Kwang Bum Cho, Chang Min Cho, Jong Ho Moon, Dong Uk Kim, Dae Hwan Kang, Youn
Medicine.2017; 96(1): e5702. CrossRef
Gemcitabine plus capecitabine (Gem–Cape) biweekly in chemorefractory metastatic colorectal cancer
P. Jiménez-Fonseca, M. P. Solis, M. Garrido, L. Faez, D. Rodriguez, A. L. Ruiz, M. L. Sanchez Lorenzo, E. Uriol, M. D. Menendez, J. M. Viéitez
Clinical and Translational Oncology.2015; 17(5): 384. CrossRef
Capecitabine Pattern of Usage, Rate of Febrile Neutropaenia and Treatment Related Death in Asian Cancer Patients in Clinical Practice
Vincent Chee Ee Phua, Wei Quan Wong, Pei Lin Tan, Anita Zarina Bustam, Marniza Saad, Adlinda Alip, Wan Zamaniah Wan Ishak
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention.2015; 16(4): 1449. CrossRef
An Updated Meta-analysis and System Review:is Gemcitabine+Fluoropyrimidine in Combination a Better Therapy Versus Gemcitabine Alone for Advanced and Unresectable Pancreatic Cancer?
Chao Tu, Feng Zheng, Jin-Yu Wang, Yuan-Yuan Li, Ke-Qing Qian
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention.2015; 16(14): 5681. CrossRef
Second-Line Capecitabine and Oxaliplatin Combination for Gemcitabine-Resistant Advanced Pancreatic Cancer
Ibrahim Vedat Bayoglu, Umut Varol, Ibrahim Yildiz, Ugur Muslu, Ahmet Alacacioglu, Yuksel Kucukzeybek, Murat Akyol, Lutfiye Demir, Ahmet Dirican, Suna Cokmert, Yasar Yildiz, Bulent Karabulut, Ruchan Uslu, Mustafa Oktay Tarhan
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention.2014; 15(17): 7119. CrossRef
Gemcitabine Combined with Capecitabine Compared to Gemcitabine with or without Erlotinib as First-Line Chemotherapy in Patients with Advanced Pancreatic Cancer
Jae Yun Lim, Jang Ho Cho, Se Joon Lee, Dong Ki Lee, Dong Sup Yoon, Jae Yong Cho
Cancer Research and Treatment.2014; 47(2): 266. CrossRef
Efficacy and Safety of Gemcitabine-Fluorouracil Combination Therapy in the Management of Advanced Pancreatic Cancer: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Qin Li, Han Yan, Wenting Liu, Hongchao Zhen, Yifan Yang, Bangwei Cao, Jonathan R. Brody
PLoS ONE.2014; 9(8): e104346. CrossRef
Melatonin is involved in the apoptosis and necrosis of pancreatic cancer cell line SW-1990 via modulating of Bcl-2/Bax balance
Chunfang Xu, Airong Wu, Hua Zhu, Huaying Fang, Lele Xu, Jianxin Ye, Jiaqing Shen
Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy.2013; 67(2): 133. CrossRef

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Chemotherapy in Patients Older than or Equal to 75 Years with Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer: Seung Tae Kim, Kyong Hwa Park, Sang Cheul Oh, Jae Hong Seo, Jun Suk Kim, Yeul Hong Kim, Sang Won Shin; Cancer Res Treat. 2012;44(1):37-42. Published online March 31, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2012.44.1.37

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PURPOSE
As the number of elderly patients diagnosed with non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) increases, the number of these patients receiving chemotherapy also increases. However, limited data exists regarding the use of chemotherapy in advanced NSCLC patients who are 75 years of age or older.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Between May 2002 and October 2008, data for 48 advanced NSCLC patients who were 75 years of age or older who had been treated with chemotherapy were retrospectively analyzed.
RESULTS
The median age of study participants at the time of first line chemotherapy was 76 years (range, 75 to 87 years) and their median Charlson comorbidity index was 2 (range, 1 to 4). Of the total 48 patients, 43 patients (90%) were treated by platinum-based doublet as a first line chemotherapy regimen. Median progression free survival for first line chemotherapy was 5.7 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 4.93 to 6.47 months) with an overall response rate of 33.3%. After first line chemotherapy, only 14 of the 48 patients (29.2%) received second line chemotherapy. The median overall survival (OS) for these patients was 8.2 months (95% CI, 4.44 to 11.96 months). Multivariate analysis results indicated that female gender and having received second-line or more chemotherapy were independent prognostic factors for increased OS for all 48 patients. Charlson Index was not a significant independent prognostic factor for survival. There were 9 treatment related deaths due to infectious causes (18.8%).
CONCLUSION
Patients 75 years of age or older with advanced NSCLC may obtain clinical benefit from the administration of platinum-based doublet or single agent chemotherapy. However, oncologists must consider the aspect of safety in relation to the clinical benefits when managing this patient group.

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A phase II trial of Cremorphor EL-free paclitaxel (Genexol-PM) and gemcitabine in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer
Hee Kyung Ahn, Minkyu Jung, Sun Jin Sym, Dong Bok Shin, Shin Myung Kang, Sun Young Kyung, Jeong-Woong Park, Sung Hwan Jeong, Eun Kyung Cho
Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology.2014; 74(2): 277. CrossRef
Management of Elderly Patients with Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Single-Center Experience
M. Früh, H. Besrour, S. Gillessen, M. Joerger, F. Hitz, A. Savidan, T. Cerny, S. Ess
Chemotherapy.2013; 59(1): 42. CrossRef

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An Association Study of Polymorphisms in JAK3 Gene with Lung Cancer in the Korean Population: Wonbeak Yoo, Hae-Yun Jung, Seungjoon Lim, Jae Sook Sung, Kyong Hwa Park, Jeong Seon Ryu, Sang Won Shin, Jun Suk Kim, Jae Hong Seo, Yeul Hong Kim; Cancer Res Treat. 2011;43(2):108-116. Published online June 30, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2011.43.2.108

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

PURPOSE
The genetic alteration of the janus kinases (JAKs), non-receptor tyrosine kinase, is related to the development of human cancers. However, little is known about how the sequence variation of JAK3 contributes to the development of lung cancer. This study investigated whether polymorphisms at the promoter region of the JAK3 gene are associated with the risk of lung cancer in the Korean population.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A total of 819 subjects, including 409 lung cancer patients and 410 healthy controls were recruited. The SNaPshot assay and polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis were used, and logistic regression analyses were performed to characterize the association between polymorphisms of JAK3 and lung cancer risk.
RESULTS
Three polymorphisms (-672 G>A, +64 A>G and +227 G>A) of JAK3 were analyzed for large-scale genotyping (n=819). Statistical analyses revealed that polymorphisms and haplotypes in the JAK3 gene were not significantly associated with lung cancer.
CONCLUSION
JAK3 gene was not significantly associated with the risk of lung cancer in the Korean population.

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Association Analysis of Polymorphic Gene Variants in the JAK/STAT Signaling Pathway with Aging and Longevity
V. V. Erdman, T. R. Nasibullin, I. A. Tuktarova, R. Sh. Somova, O. E. Mustafina
Russian Journal of Genetics.2019; 55(6): 728. CrossRef

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No Association between Promoter Polymorphism of STK11 Gene and Lung Cancer Risk in the Korean Population: Jae Sook Sung, Young Mi Whang, Kyong Hwa Park, Jeong-Seon Ryu, Jong Gwon Choi, Jae Hong Seo, Sang Won Shin, Jun Suk Kim, Yeul Hong Kim; Cancer Res Treat. 2009;41(4):211-217. Published online December 31, 2009; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2009.41.4.211

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Purpose

Serine-threonine kinase11 (STK11) was originally identified in 1997 as the causative mutation that's responsible for Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome (PJS). Several recent studies have reported that the STK11 gene is an important human tumor suppressor gene in lung cancer. We evaluated the associations between the polymorphisms of the STK11 promoter region and the risk of lung cancer in 901 Koreans.

Materials and Methods

By direct sequencing, we first discovered three novel polymorphisms (-1,795 T>C, -981 C>T and -160 G>T) and four known polymorphisms (-1,580 C>T, -1,494 A>C, -881 A>G and -458 G>C) of the STK11 promoter region in 24 blood samples of 24 Korean lung cancer patients. Further genotype analyses were then performed on 443 lung cancer patients and 458 controls.

Results

We discovered three novel polymorphisms and we identified four known polymorphisms of the STK11 promoter region in a Korean population. Statistical analyses revealed that the genotypes and haplotypes in the STK11 gene were not significantly associated with the risk of lung cancer in a Korean population.

Conclusion

This is the first study that's focused on the association of STK11 promoter polymorphisms and the risk of lung cancer in a Korean population. To evaluate the role of the STK11 gene for the risk of lung cancer, the genotypes of the STK11 promoter region (-1,795 T>C, -1,494 A>C and -160 G>T) were determined in 901 Koreans, yet the result revealed no significant difference between the lung cancer patients and the controls. These results suggest that the three promoter polymorphisms we studied are not important risk factors for the susceptibility to lung cancer in Koreans.

Citations

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A polymorphic minisatellite region of BORIS regulates gene expression and its rare variants correlate with lung cancer susceptibility
Se-Lyun Yoon, Yun-Gil Roh, In-Sun Chu, Jeonghoon Heo, Seung Il Kim, Heekyung Chang, Tae-Hong Kang, Jin Woong Chung, Sang Seok Koh, Vladimir Larionov, Sun-Hee Leem
Experimental & Molecular Medicine.2016; 48(7): e246. CrossRef
Integrated Analysis of Transcriptomes of Cancer Cell Lines and Patient Samples Reveals STK11/LKB1–Driven Regulation of cAMP Phosphodiesterase-4D
Ningning He, Nayoung Kim, Mee Song, Choa Park, Somin Kim, Eun Young Park, Hwa Young Yim, Kyunga Kim, Jong Hoon Park, Keun Il Kim, Fan Zhang, Gordon B. Mills, Sukjoon Yoon
Molecular Cancer Therapeutics.2014; 13(10): 2463. CrossRef
Hot embossed polyethylene through-hole chips for bead-based microfluidicdevices
Jie Chou, Nan Du, Tina Ou, Pierre N. Floriano, Nicolaos Christodoulides, John T. McDevitt
Biosensors and Bioelectronics.2013; 42: 653. CrossRef
Discovery and Evaluation of Polymorphisms in theAKT2andAKT3Promoter Regions for Risk of Korean Lung Cancer
Jae Sook Sung, Kyong Hwa Park, Seung Tae Kim, Yeul Hong Kim
Genomics & Informatics.2012; 10(3): 167. CrossRef

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Randomized, Multicenter, Phase III Trial of Heptaplatin 1-hour Infusion and 5-Fluorouracil Combination Chemotherapy Comparing with Cisplatin and 5-Fluorouracil Combination Chemotherapy in Patients with Advanced Gastric Cancer: Kyung Hee Lee, Myung Soo Hyun, Hoon-Kyo Kim, Hyung Min Jin, Jinmo Yang, Hong Suk Song, Young Rok Do, Hun Mo Ryoo, Joo Seop Chung, Dae Young Zang, Ho-Yeong Lim, Jong Youl Jin, Chang Yeol Yim, Hee Sook Park, Jun Suk Kim, Chang Hak Sohn, Soon Nam Lee; Cancer Res Treat. 2009;41(1):12-18. Published online March 31, 2009; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2009.41.1.12

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Purpose

Heptaplatin (Sunpla) is a cisplatin derivative. A phase IIb trial using heptaplatin resulted in a 34% response rate with mild nephrotoxicity. We conducted a randomized phase III trial of heptaplatin plus 5-FU compared with cisplatin plus 5-FU in patients with advanced gastric cancer.

Materials and Methods

One hundred seventy-four patients (heptaplatin, n=88; cisplatin, n=86) from 13 centers were enrolled. The eligibility criteria were as follows: patients with pathologically-proven adenocarcinoma, chemonaive patients, or patients who had received only single adjuvant chemotherapy, and who had a measurable or evaluable lesion. On day 1, heptaplatin (400 mg/m²) or cisplatin (60 mg/m²) was given over 1 hour with 5-FU (1 gm/m²) on days 1~5 every 4 weeks.

Results

At the time of survival analysis, the median overall survival was 7.3 months in the 5-FU + heptaplatin (FH) arm and 7.9 months in the 5-FU + cisplatin (FP) arm (p=0.24). Of the FH patients, 34.2% (complete response [CR], 1.3%; partial response [PR], 32.9%) experienced a confirmed objective response compared with 35.9% (CR 0%, PR 35.9%) of FP patients (p=0.78). The median-time-to-progression was 2.5 months in the FH arm and 2.3 months in the FP arm. The incidence of neutropenia was higher with FP (28%) than with FH (16%; p=0.06); grade 3~4 nausea and vomiting were more frequent in the FP than in the FH arm (p=0.01 and p=0.05, respectively). The incidence of increased proteinuria and creatininemia was higher with FH than with FP; however, there was no statistical difference. There were no treatment-related deaths.

Conclusion

Heptaplatin showed similar effects to cisplatin when combined with 5-FU in advanced gastric cancer patients with tolerable toxicities.

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Clinical Factors Related to Suspected Second Primary Lung Cancer Development in Patients with Head and Neck Cancer: Eui Bae Kim, Yong Park, Seh Jong Park, Dae Sik Kim, Jee Won Kim, Hee Yun Seo, Hwa Jung Sung, In Keun Choi, Kyong Hwa Park, Sang Cheul Oh, Chul Won Choi, Byung Soo Kim, Yeul Hong Kim, Jun Suk Kim, Sang Won Shin, Chul Yong Kim, Kwang-Yoon Jung; Cancer Res Treat. 2008;40(4):178-183. Published online December 31, 2008; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2008.40.4.178

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Purpose

The rate of second primary lung cancer development for patients with head and neck cancer (HNC) has been noted. The aim of our study was to evaluate the incidence and clinical features of suspected second primary lung cancer that developed in patients with primary HNC.

Materials and Methods

We conducted a retrospective study of 469 patients who were newly diagnosed with HNC at the Korea University Medical Center between January 2000 and December 2006.

Results

A total of 469 patients were included (389 men and 80 women). Eighteen patients (3.8%) had suspected second primary lung cancers. Statistically significant clinical variables for lung cancer development included the origin site for the primary HNC (oro-hypopharynx and larynx) (p=0.048), abnormal chest x-ray findings (p=0.027) and the histological HNC type (squamous cell carcinoma) (p=0.032). When the second primary lung cancers were combined with HNCs, the adjusted overall survival of patients with a second primary lung cancer was 16 months (p<0.001).

Conclusions

Considering the relative risk factors for a second primary lung cancer developing in patients with HNC, advanced diagnostic tools, such as chest CT or PET CT scan, should be applied for the early detection of a second primary lung cancer.

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The Bone Morphogenesis Protein-2 (BMP-2) is Associated with Progression to Metastatic Disease in Gastric Cancer: Yong Park, Jee Won Kim, Dae Sik Kim, Eui Bae Kim, Se Jong Park, Jin Yong Park, Woo Suk Choi, Jong Gyu Song, Hee Yun Seo, Sang Cheul Oh, Byung Soo Kim, Jong Jae Park, Yeul Hong Kim, Jun Suk Kim; Cancer Res Treat. 2008;40(3):127-132. Published online September 30, 2008; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2008.40.3.127

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Purpose

Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMPs) are members of the TGF-β superfamily and it has been demonstrated that BMPs enhance migration, invasion and metastasis. The purpose of this study was to identify the association between the serum BMP-2 level and the progression status of gastric cancer.

Materials and Methods

Fifty-five patients with metastatic gastric cancer (metastatic disease group), six patients with early gastric cancer without lymph node metastasis (the EGC group), and ten healthy control subjects were enrolled in this study. The serum BMP-2 level was quantified by use of a commercially available ELISA kit. In EGC group patients and patients with metastatic disease, whole blood was obtained before endoscopic mucosal resection and before the commencement of a scheduled cycle of systemic chemotherapy, respectively.

Results

No significant difference in the mean serum BMP-2 levels was observed between the control subjects and the EGC group patients (87.95 pg/ml for the control subjects and 84.50 pg/ml for the EGC group, p=1.0). However, the metastatic disease group patients had a significantly higher level of serum BMP (179.61 pg/ml) than the control subjects and EGC group patients (87.95 pg/ml for the control subjects and 84.50 pg/ml for the EGC group, p<0.0001). Moreover, the mean serum BMP-2 level from patients with a bone metastasis was significantly higher than the mean serum BMP-2 level from patients without a bone metastasis (204.73 pg/ml versus 173.33 pg/ml, p=0.021).

Conclusions

BMP-2 seems to have a role in progression to metastatic disease in gastric cancer, especially in the late stage of tumorigenesis, including invasion and metastasis. BMP-2 may facilitate bone metastasis in gastric cancer. To confirm these findings, further studies are required with tissue specimens and the use of a cancer cell line.

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Glucose Transporter-1 Expression in Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Tongue: Yoon Seok Choi, Seok Jin Kim, Dae Sik Kim, Seh Jong Park, Yong Park, Hye Jin Shin, Kwang-Yoon Jung, Seung-Kuk Baek, Bong Kyung Shin, Jung Woo Choi, Byung Soo Kim, Sang Won Shin, Yeul Hong Kim, Jun Suk Kim; Cancer Res Treat. 2007;39(3):109-115. Published online September 30, 2007; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2007.39.3.109

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Purpose

Tumor cells are known to express hypoxia-related proteins such as glucose transporter-1 (Glut-1). These hypoxia-induced changes may allow tumor cells to survive under sustained hypoxic microenvironments, and the surviving tumor cell under hypoxia may develop a more aggressive phenotype and so result in a poor prognosis.

Materials and Methods

The Glut-1 expression was analyzed by immunohistochemistry, and its association with the prognosis was assessed in 60 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue.

Results

The Glut-1 expression was diffuse with a membranous pattern, and the median percentage of Glut-1 positive tumor cells was 60% (range: 0.0~90.0%). A high Glut-1 expression (the percentage of positive tumor cells ≥ the median value, 60%) was associated with the location of primary lesion, lymph node metastasis status and disease stage (p<0.05). The expression of Glut-1 was correlated with the Ki-67 expression (r=0.406, p=0.001). Microvessel density, as represented by CD31 staining, was also correlated with the Glut-1 expression although its significance is weak (r=0.267, p=0.039). On the univariate analysis, the group with a high Glut-1 expression showed poorer overall survival than the group with a low Glut-1 expression (p<0.05). However, the Glut-1 expression failed to show any independent prognostic significance on the multivariate analysis.

Conclusion

The expression of Glut-1 may be useful for predicting the prognosis and determining the treatment strategy for the management of squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue.

Citations

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Study of expression of GLUT-1 in oral potentially malignant disorders and oral squamous cell carcinoma: An immuno-histochemical analysis
Shylaja K. Attur, Anil Patel, Kailash M. Attur
Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology.2024; 28(1): 70. CrossRef
Prognostic value of glycolysis markers in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: a meta-analysis
Yanting Wang, Yuanyuan Li, Laibo Jiang, Xianyue Ren, Bin Cheng, Juan Xia
Aging.2021; 13(5): 7284. CrossRef
The Role of Glucose Transporters in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Heinrich Botha, Camile S. Farah, Kendrick Koo, Nicola Cirillo, Michael McCullough, Rita Paolini, Antonio Celentano
Biomolecules.2021; 11(8): 1070. CrossRef
Glut 1 in Cancer Cells and the Inhibitory Action of Resveratrol as A Potential Therapeutic Strategy
Angara Zambrano, Matías Molt, Elena Uribe, Mónica Salas
International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2019; 20(13): 3374. CrossRef
Can increased metabolic status be a grading tool for oral squamous cell carcinoma? A glucose transporter 1 immunoexpression study
Abikshyeet Panda, Alokenath Bandyopadhyay, Gouse Mohiddin, Malvika Raghuvanshi, SanjayKumar Sahoo, Lipsa Bhuyan
Nigerian Journal of Surgery.2019; 25(2): 203. CrossRef
Plumbagin‐mediating GLUT1 suppresses the growth of human tongue squamous cell carcinoma
S Na, J Zhang, X Zhou, A Tang, D Huang, Q Xu, D Xue, J Qiu
Oral Diseases.2018; 24(6): 920. CrossRef
Expression of GLUT-1 in oral squamous cell carcinoma in tobacco and non-tobacco users
Neha Azad, Malti Kumari Maurya, Meenakshi Kar, Madhu Mati Goel, Ajay Kumar Singh, Mala Sagar, Divya Mehrotra, Vijay Kumar
Journal of Oral Biology and Craniofacial Research.2016; 6(1): 25. CrossRef
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Marcelo Gadelha Vasconcelos, Rodrigo Gadelha Vasconcelos, Denise Hélen Imaculada Pereira de Oliveira, Edilmar de Moura Santos, Leão Pereira Pinto, Éricka Janine Dantas da Silveira, Lélia Maria Guedes Queiroz
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The Efficacy and Safety of Padexol® (Paclitaxel) and Cisplatin for Treating Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer: Hoon-Kyo Kim, Jun Suk Kim, Hun Mo Ryoo, Dong Gun Shin, Byoung Young Shim, Kyong Hwa Park, Sung Hwa Bae, Chi Hong Kim; Cancer Res Treat. 2006;38(2):66-71. Published online April 30, 2006; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2006.38.2.66

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Purpose

The authors conducted a multicenter study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of combination chemotherapy with Padexol® and cisplatin for treating patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Materials and Methods

From November 2003 to April 2005, 42 chemo-naive patients with advanced NSCLC were enrolled into this study from 4 hospitals. The treatment consisted of Padexol® 175 mg/m² as a 3-hr infusion, and this was followed by cisplatin 75 mg/m² administered as an intravenous infusion with standard premedication. The treatment was repeated every 3 weeks.

Results

Among the 42 patients (pts), 33 pts were evaluable for response. On the per protocol analysis, 1 patient (pt) (3.0%) achieved complete response (CR), 17 pts (51.5%) achieved partial response (PR), 6 pts (18.2%) achieved stable disease (SD), and 9 pts (27.3%) progressed; therefore, the overall response rate was 54.6% (95% CI: 37.6~71.5%). On the intention-to-treat analysis, 1 pt (2.4%) achieved CR, 18 pts (42.9%) achieved PR, 11 pts (26.2%) achieved SD, and 9 pts (21.4%) progressed; therefore, the overall response rate was 45.2% (95% CI: 30.2~60.3%). The response, as evaluated by the investigators, was independently reviewed by 2 external radiologists and it was as follows; 13 PR (43.3%), 14 SD (46.7%) and 3 progressive disease (10%). The median duration of response was 5.9 months. The median follow-up duration was 10.3 months (range: 1.3 to 22.1 months). The median time to progression was 5.8 months (95% CI: 4.7 to 7.4 months). The median survival time on the intention-to-treat analysis was 10.5 months (95% CI: 8.1 to 18.8 months). The most common grade 3 or 4 hematologic toxicities were neutropenia (26/180 cycles, 14.4%), anemia (7/180 cycles, 3.9%) and febrile neutropenia (2/180 cycles, 1.1%). The most frequent grade 3 or 4 non-hematologic toxicities were nausea (14/42 patients, 14.3%), anorexia (3/42 patients, 7.1%) and myalgia (3/42 patients, 7.1%).

Conclusion

The authors observed that Padexol® was as good as the other paclitaxel (Taxol® or Genexol®) formulations when combined with cisplatin for treating patients with advanced NSCLC.

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The role of weekly nanoparticle albumin bound paclitaxel monotherapy as second line or later treatment for advanced NSCLC in China
Puyuan Xing, Yixiang Zhu, Ling Shan, Sipeng Chen, Xuezhi Hao, Junling Li
Oncotarget.2017; 8(50): 87442. CrossRef
Efficacy and Safety of Weekly Low Dose Paclitaxel and Cisplatin as First Line Therapy in Advanced NSCLC of Elderly Patients
Jung Ho Lee, Mi Hye Kwon, Ji Hyun Jeoung, Go Eun Lee, Eu Gene Choi, Moon Jun Na, Hyun Min Cho, Young Jin Kim, Weon Kuu Chung, Young Jun Cho, Ji Woong Son
Journal of Lung Cancer.2007; 6(2): 85. CrossRef

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Microsatellite Alterations in Serum DNA of Lung Cancer Patients: Sang Cheul Oh, Young Do Yoo, So Young Yoon, Seok Jin Kim, Jae Hong Seo, Kwang Taek Kim, Sang Won Shin, Yo Han Kim, Yeul Hong Kim, Jun Suk Kim; Cancer Res Treat. 2003;35(4):289-293. Published online August 31, 2003; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2003.35.4.289

Abstract PDF: No abstract available.

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Pilot Study of Heptaplatin, UFT-E and Leucovorin in Advanced Gastric Carcinoma: Sang Cheul Oh, So Young Yoon, Jae Hong Seo, Chul Won Choi, Byung Soo Kim, Sang Won Shin, Yeul Hong Kim, Si Young Kim, Hwi Joong Yoon, Kyung Sam Cho, Jun Suk Kim; Cancer Res Treat. 2003;35(2):117-122. Published online April 30, 2003; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2003.35.2.117

Abstract PDF

PURPOSE
Heptaplatin (SKI-2053R, Sunpla ), a new platinum analogue which has a better toxicity profile than cisplatin, has been used with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) continuous infusion for the treatment of advanced gastric carcinoma. However, continuous 5-FU infusion had a inconvenience to administration. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of heptaplatin, UFT-E and leucovorin combination chemotherapy in advanced gastric cancer.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A total of 22 patients was enrolled in this study at Kyung Hee University and Korea University from September 1999 to May 2001. Heptaplatin 400 mg/m2 was given as intravenous infusion for 1 hour at day 1. Oral UFT-E 360 mg/m2 and leucovorin 45 mg/day were administered for 21 consecutive days followed by a 7-day drug free interval. This schedule was repeated every 4 weeks. RESULTS: The 22 enrolled patients received 81 courses of chemotherapy and the median number of course per patient was three with a range of one to six. Five of 21 patients achieved partial responses (23.8%; 95% confidence interval, 5.6% to 42%) without complete response. Out of the 5 responding patients, three had unresectable perigastric lymph-nodes, one patient had a ovarian metastasis, and one patient had a peritoneal metastasis respectively. Main toxicities were neutropenia and nausea/vomiting. Grade 3 and 4 neutropenia were observed in 4 patients (18%) and grade 3 nausea/vomiting were observed in 5 patients (22.7%). The median time to progression was 4 months (range, 0.5 to 13 months), and median survival duration was 7.5 months (range, 2.0 to 14 months). Median response duration was 5.0 months (range, 1.5 to 10 months). CONCLUSION: A combination chemotherapy of heptaplatin, UFT-E and leucovorin has a comparable efficacy with those of previously reported heptaplatin and intravenous regimen of 5-FU and controllable toxicity in advanced gastric carcinoma. Further study with large patient population is warranted to determine the usefulness of this regimen.

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Platinum drugs: from Pt(II) compounds, Pt(IV) prodrugs, to Pt nanocrystals/nanoclusters
Xi Hu, Fangyuan Li, Nabila Noor, Daishun Ling
Science Bulletin.2017; 62(8): 589. CrossRef
The status of platinum anticancer drugs in the clinic and in clinical trials
Nial J. Wheate, Shonagh Walker, Gemma E. Craig, Rabbab Oun
Dalton Transactions.2010; 39(35): 8113. CrossRef
A Phase II Trial of Haptaplatin/5-FU and Leucovorin for Advanced Stomach Cancer
Won Sup Lee, Gyeong-Won Lee, Hwal Woong Kim, Ok-Jae Lee, Young-Joon Lee, Gyung Hyuck Ko, Jong-Seok Lee, Joung Soon Jang, Woo Song Ha
Cancer Research and Treatment.2005; 37(4): 208. CrossRef
Combination Chemotherapy of Heptaplatin, Paclitaxel and 5-Fluorouracil in Patients with Advanced Gastric Cancer: a Pilot Study
Myung-Ju Ahn, Ho-Suck Oh, Jung-Hye Choi, Young-Yeul Lee, In-Soon Kim, Il-Young Choi, Oh Young Lee, Ho-Soon Choi, Sung-Joon Kwon
Cancer Research and Treatment.2004; 36(3): 182. CrossRef

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Correlation between Retinoic Acid Sensitivity and IGFBP-3, AFP Protein Expression in Hepatoma Cell Lines: Hae Yun Jung, Yong Myung Lee, Young Do Yoo, Jun Suk Kim, Sun Hee Park, Yeul Hong Kim; Cancer Res Treat. 2003;35(1):59-65. Published online February 28, 2003; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2003.35.1.59

Abstract PDF

PURPOSE
Retinoic acid (RA) has been known to inhibit the proliferation, and to induce apoptosis, of various cancer cell lines. We investigated the correlation between the protein levels of the RAR and RXR receptor families, IGFBP-3 and AFP, and the RA sensitivity in hepatoma cell lines.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The cell growth inhibition was examined by assaying various 1 to 10muM RA treated hepatoma cell lines. Western blot analysis for the RAR and RXR families, AFP and IGFBP-3 were performed after treatment with 10muM RA. RESULTS: The 1 to 10muM RA treatment induced growth inhibition in the SNU368, SNU354, SNU398 and HepG2 cells. The cell growth of SNU449 and Hep3B were not suppressed by 1muM, but were slightly suppressed by 10muM RA. An increased expression of IGFBP-3 in HepG2, SNU354, SNU398 and SNU368 cells, and a decreased expression of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), was observed from the western blot analysis in all hepatoma cells tested, whereas no confirmed tendency of RAR expressions was seen. CONCLUSION: Our result showed that the growth inhibition of RA differed according to the sensitivity of the type of cells to RA. We supposed that RA-induced cell growth inhibition may be related to the expressions of IGFBP-3 and AFP, but no exact correlation exists between the growth inhibition and receptor expression status in hepatoma cell lines.

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Gefitinib (ZD1839) Monotherapy as a Salvage Regimen for Previously Treated Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Jinny Park, Byung Bae Park, Jee Youn Kim, Se-Hoon Lee, Soon Il Lee, Ho Young Kim, Jung Han Kim, Se Hoon Park, Kyung-Eun Lee, Joon Oh Park, Kihyun Kim, Chul Won Jung, Young Suk Park, Young-Hyuck Im, Won Ki Kang, Mark H. Lee, Keunchil Park
Clinical Cancer Research.2004; 10(13): 4383. CrossRef

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A Multi-Center, Phase II Clinical Trial of Genexol(R) (Paclitaxel) and Cisplatin for Patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Se Hoon Lee, Keunchil Park, Cheolwon Suh, Hoon Kyo Kim, Jun Suk Kim, Young Hyuck Im, Sang We Kim, Dae Seog Heo, Yung Jue Bang, Noe Kyeong Kim; Cancer Res Treat. 2003;35(1):30-34. Published online February 28, 2003; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2003.35.1.30

Abstract PDF

PURPOSE
A combination of paclitaxel and cisplatin is an effective and safe regimen for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We conducted a multi-center, phase II trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Genexol(R) (paclitaxel) and cisplatin in patients with NSCLC. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Chemotherapy-na ve patients having histologically confirmed NSCLC were enrolled. Genexol(R) was administered at 175 mg/m2 as a 3-hour intravenous infusion and cisplatin at 75 mg/m2 as an intravenous infusion on day 1 every 3 weeks. RESULTS: Twenty-five of 27 patients that were entered from 5 hospitals between Jan 2001 and Aug 2001 received chemotherapy. On an intent-to-treat basis, 9 patients (36%) achieved a partial response, 7 patients (28%) a stable disease, and 5 patients (20%) The overall response rate was 36% (95% CI, 17 to 55%). progressed. The median duration of the response was 7.8 months (95% CI, 6.6 to 9.0 months). The median time to progression was 7.4 months (95% CI, 5.3 to 9.5 months), and median overall survival was 13.3 months (95% CI, 10.8 to 15.9 months) for the intent-to-treat population. The major oxicity was hematological, with grade 3 and 4 neutropenia in 10% (10/106) of the total cycles. The non-hematologic oxicity was mild, and grade 3 emesis was observed in 2 patients (8%). One patient experienced a moderate degree hypersensitivity reaction. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that a combination of Genexol(R) and cisplatin is an effective and well-tolerated regimen for patients with NSCLC.

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Phase II Clinical Trial of Genexol(R) (Paclitaxel) and Carboplatin for Patients with Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer
Han Jo Kim, Kyoung Ha Kim, Jina Yun, Se Hyung Kim, Hyun Jung Kim, Sang-Cheol Lee, Sang Byung Bae, Chan Kyu Kim, Nam Su Lee, Kyu Taek Lee, Do-Jin Kim, Seong-Kyu Park, Jong-Ho Won, Dae Sik Hong, Hee Sook Park
Cancer Research and Treatment.2011; 43(1): 19. CrossRef
Minimizing tumor burden by extensive cytoreductive surgery decreases postoperative venous thromboembolism in ovarian clear cell carcinoma
Myong Cheol Lim, Hee Seok Lee, Sokbom Kang, Sang-Soo Seo, Bo Yon Lee, Sang-Yoon Park
Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics.2010; 281(2): 329. CrossRef
Pathological Diagnosis and Cytoreduction of Cardiophrenic Lymph Node and Pleural Metastasis in Ovarian Cancer Patients Using Video-Assisted Thoracic Surgery
Myong Cheol Lim, Hyun-Sung Lee, Dae Chul Jung, Ji Young Choi, Sang-Soo Seo, Sang-Yoon Park
Annals of Surgical Oncology.2009; 16(7): 1990. CrossRef
The Efficacy and Safety of Padexol® (Paclitaxel) and Cisplatin for Treating Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer
Hoon-Kyo Kim, Jun Suk Kim, Hun Mo Ryoo, Dong Gun Shin, Byoung Young Shim, Kyong Hwa Park, Sung Hwa Bae, Chi Hong Kim
Cancer Research and Treatment.2006; 38(2): 66. CrossRef

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Oral Etoposide, Ifosfamide and Cisplatin in the Treatment of Extensive Disease Small Cell Lung Cancer: Seok Jin Kim, Hwa Jung Sung, Kyong Hwa Park, So Young Yoon, Sang Cheul Oh, Jae Hong Seo, Chul Won Choi, Byung Soo Kim, Sang Won Shin, Yeul Hong Kim, Kwang Taek Kim, Young Ho Choi, Jun Suk Kim; Cancer Res Treat. 2002;34(6):421-425. Published online December 31, 2002; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2002.34.6.421

Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
The combination of cisplatin and etoposide has been a common first line regimen for the treatment of small cell lung cancer (SCLC). The schedule dependence, and equal efficacy, of the oral and intravenous dosing of etoposide has led to prolonged administration of oral etoposide, which is known to produce an encouraging response in SCLC. To improve the efficacy of the cisplatin/etoposide combination, we administered oral etoposide, with added ifosfamide, which had significant single agent activity against SCLC. We conducted this study to evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of the cisplatin, ifosfamide and oral etoposide (PIE) combination in patients with extensive small cell lung cancer.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Twenty-five patients with histologically confirmed extensive small cell lung cancer were enrolled into this study between January 2000 and May 2002. They were treated with, cisplatin at 20 mg/ m2/day, ifosfamide 1.5 g/m2/day, with mesna (all given intravenously on Days 1~3), and oral etoposide 50 mg/m2 on days 4~17. This cycle was repeated every 4 weeks for up to 6 cycles. We evaluated the corresponding disease responses and toxicities.
RESULTS
The patients' characteristics were as follows: median age 65 years (32~75), 19 males and 6 females. The performance stati were ECOG 0 in 3 patients, ECOG 1 in 12 and ECOG 2 in 10. Sixteen patients had a partial response, 2 had a stable disease and 4 had a progressive disease. Thus, the overall objective response rate was 72.7% (95% CI: 49.6~88.4%), with a median response duration of 7 months (95% CI: 3.5~10.5 months). Myelosuppression was the major observed toxicity. Grades III and IV neutropenia were observed in 42 (46.1%) of the 91 cycles. Significant non-hematological toxicities (>or=Grade III) were uncommon, with the exception of nausea and vomiting.
CONCLUSION
The response rate to the combination of cisplatin, ifosfamide and oral etoposide was similar to that of other combination chemotherapy studies in patients with extensive disease small cell lung cancer. The toxicity of the regimen was considered acceptable.

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Pirarubicin, UFT, Leucovorin Chemotherapy in Non-embolizable and Transcatheter Arterial Chemoembolization-Failed Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients; A Phase II Clinical Study: Kyong Hwa Park, So Young Yoon, Sang Cheul Oh, Jae Hong Seo, Chul Won Choi, Jong Eun Yeon, Byung Soo Kim, Sang Won Shin, Yeul Hong Kim, Kwan Soo Byun, Jun Suk Kim, Chang Hong Lee; Cancer Res Treat. 2002;34(4):280-283. Published online August 31, 2002; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2002.34.4.280

Abstract PDF: Hepatocellular carcinomas are one of the most common malignancies in the world. However, no effective therapeutic modality has been proven to prolong the survival of patients in an inoperable stage. The purpose of this study was to determine the response rate and the toxicities of a combination of pirarubicin, UFT and leucovorin in patients with non-embolizable hepatocellular carcinomas, or who had progressed during their transcatheter arterial chemoembolization treatment.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Of 23 patients with a hepatocellular carcinoma, 11 had progressed during a transcatheter arterial chemoembolization, with the other 12 being transcatheter arterial chemoembolization-naive. All the patients were treated with pirarubicin (70 mg/m2 i.v., day 1), UFT (350 mg/m2 P.O., day 1~21), and leucovorin (25 mg/m2 P.O., day 1~21).
RESULTS
Twenty patients were able to be evaluated, with a partial response being achieved in four, giving an overall response rate of 20% (95% confidence interval, 7~44%). The median overall survival time was 6 months, and the median survival time of the transcatheter arterial chemoembolization-naive patients was significantly longer than that of those treated by transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (p=0.012). The most significant dose-limiting toxicity was leucopenia and thrombocytopenia.
CONCLUSION
The combination of pirarubicin, UFT and leucovorin therapies showed marginal antitumor activity and significant toxicity in patients with non-embolizable or failed transcatheter arterial chemoembolization hepatocellular carcinomas.

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Changes of Telomerase Activity and Proliferation by Inhibition of Reverse Transcriptase Activity in Human Cancer Cell: Hyun Jung Ji, Kyu Hyun Park, Tae Soo Kim, Sun Young Rha, Nae Choon Yoo, Jun Myung Kim, Jun Suk Kim, Jae Kyoung Roh, Woo Ick Jang, Hyun Cheol Chung; Cancer Res Treat. 2002;34(3):223-233. Published online June 30, 2002; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2002.34.3.223

Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
Activation of telomerase is proposed to be an essential step in cancer cell immortalization and cancer progression. 3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxythymidine (AZT), a reverse transcriptase inhibitor, was reported to be incorporated in telomeric sequences of immortalized cells in culture and to suppress the activity of telomerase and the cell proliferation. In this study, after induction of cancer cell senescence with long-term treatment of AZT, we investigated the dynamics of telomerase subunits (hTERT, hTR, TEP), transcription factors (c-Myc, Mad1), telomerase activity, and finally, telomere length in a human breast cancer cell line. MATERIALS AND METGODS: Human breast cancer cell (MDA-MB-231) was treated with AZT. Senescence was measured by senescence-associated beta-gal staining and apoptosis was counted by dTd enzyme assay. Telomerase activity (by TRAP assay), expression of telomerase subunit genes (by RT-PCR and real-time PCR) and telomere length (by Southern blot analysis) were measured after the AZT treatment.
RESULTS
We found evidences of senescence, apoptosis and growth delay after AZT treatment. In addition, AZT- treated cancer cells showed inhibition of telomerase activity and shortening of telomere length in a dose- and duration-dependent way. Among the telomerase subunits, hTERT and c-Myc were the first factors to change after AZT treatment, subsequently, followed by the changes of hTR, Mad1 and TEP.
CONCLUSION
The suppression of hTERT and c-Myc by AZT treatment was the initial genetic phenomenon, subsequently followed by the changes of hTR, Mad1 and TEP.

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Retinoic Acid Enhances Drug-Induced Cell Death in Anticancer Drug-Resistant Cell Lines: Young Mi Whang, Yeul Hong Kim, Sang Won Shin, Byung Soo Kim, Jun Suk Kim, Young Do Yoo, Sun Hee Park; Cancer Res Treat. 2002;34(3):212-217. Published online June 30, 2002; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2002.34.3.212

Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
Retinoids (RA), a group of vitamin A derivatives, is known to be important for regulation of normal cellular growth and differentiation. RA treatment of various cancers resulted in cell growth inhibition and apoptosis. Therefore, the chemotherapeutic and chemopreventative activities of various types of tumor have been examined. Biological actions of RA are mediated through nuclear receptors, including the retinoic acid receptors (RARs) and retinoid X receptors (RXRs). In this study, we examined the effect of all-trans-retinoic acid (atRA) as an anticancer drug-sensitiser in cancer cell lines and in its drug- resistant cancer cell lines MATERIALS AND METGODS: Cells were maintained by RPMI 1640 medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum. Cells were treated with 1 micro M atRA for 48 h, then with the desired concentration of anticancer drug for 24 h. Cell viability was measured spectrophotometrically at 540 nm using the MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide] assay. Western blot analyses were performed with the desired antibodies.
RESULTS
We investigated if pre-treatment with atRA enhanced the drug-sensitivity of various cancer cell lines to either 5-fluorouracil, adriamycin, or cisplatin. 5-FU (SNU638-F2) and CDDP-resistant cell (SNU638-Cis) lines, from a Korean gastric cancer cell line (SNU638) and the ADR-resistant cells (AD600) was established from a colon cancer cell line (SW620). Treatment of each cell line, with 1 micro M atRA, prior to drug exposure resulted in enhanced cell death in these cell lines. Furthermore, the effect of atRA on growth inhibition, in each drug-resistant cell line, was more obvious than in their parent cell lines. Increased activity of Transglutaminase II (TgaseII) and cleavage of Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) were also observed (western blot analysis CONCLUSION: Based on our data, we suggest that atRA enhances anticancer drug-induced cell death and reverses the drug-sensitivity of the drug-resistant cancer cell lines.

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Randomized Controlled Open Labelled, Phase III Trials, Comparing the Efficacy between Fentas(R) and Durogesic(R) Patches in Controlling Cancer Pain: Multicenter Trial: Myung Ju Ahn, Tae June Jung, Jung Hye Choi, Mi Ran Oh, Hwi Joong Yoon, Jun Suk Kim, Chul Won Choi, Kyung Wook Hur, Dae Sik Hong, Hee Sook Park, Sung Kyu Park, Jung Ae Lee, Young Suk Park, Hyonggi Jung; Cancer Res Treat. 2002;34(3):165-169. Published online June 30, 2002; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2002.34.3.165

Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
Fentanyl is a synthetic opioid and transdermal therapeutic system (TTS), designed to release the drug into the skin at a constant rate, ranging from 25 to 100 microgram/hr, for up to 3 days. For the control of chronic cancer pain, Durogesic(R) patches (Janssen Co., USA) are now widely used. Recently, the Hana Company in Korea developed a new fentanyl patch, Fentas(R) using a different method. To compare the efficacy, and safety, of the fentanyl patch manufactured in Korea (Hana Pharm. Co. Ltd), with the Durogesic(R) patch, in controlling cancer pain, we performed randomized controlled, open labelled, phase III studies. MATERIALS AND METGODS: From January 2000 to April 2001, 85 patients were enrolled, 69 of whom (42 in D arm and 43 in F arm) completed the study, and were therefore assessable for per protocol (PP) analyses.
RESULTS
There were no significant differences between the two groups in baseline characteristics, with the exception of age. The primary end point was to show the therapeutic equivalence of the two patches. In these clinical trials, the confidence interval of difference, between the test drug (Fentas(R)) and the control (Durogesic(R)), was 0.027~ +0.124 by intention to treat (ITT) analysis. Even if the upper confidence interval exceeds + 0.1, the test drug is not superior to the control drug, because the confidence interval includes 0. However, by PP analysis, the confidence interval lies exactly within +/- 0.1. Therefore, we could conclude the two patches are therapeutically equivalent. The second endpoint was the difference of visual analog scale (VAS) between the baseline and the average of three measurements after treatment. The difference in VAS was 50.44+/-10.28 for the F arm, and 44.69+/-11.00 for the D arm. By PP analysis the test drug was superior to the control (p=0.028). The rescue morphine amount was 81.21+/-124.76 for F arm and 66.19+/-115.9 for D arm, and there was no significant difference between the two groups (p=0.6063). The most common adverse effects of both fentanyl patches were nausea or vomiting (55.3%), somnolence (50.0%), constipation (39.5%), gastrointestinal discomfort (57.9%) and headaches (25.0%). In general there was no significant difference in side effects or laboratory data between the two groups.
CONCLUSION
These findings suggest that Fentas(R) patches, administered every 3 days, are effective, safe, and well tolerated for the treatment of most patients with cancer pain and is as effective or better than Durogesic(R).

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Phase II Trial of Gemcitabine, UFT-E, Leucovorin Combination Chemotherapy in Advanced Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma: So Young Yoon, Kyong Hwa Park, Sang Chul Oh, Jae Hong Seo, Chul Won Choi, Byung Soo Kim, Jae Seon Kim, Chang Duck Kim, Sang Won Shin, Yeul Hong Kim, Jun Suk Kim; Cancer Res Treat. 2002;34(2):111-116. Published online April 30, 2002; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2002.34.2.111

Abstract PDF

PURPOSE
To evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of a Gemcitabine, UFT-E, Leucovorin combination chemotherapy in the treatment of advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients <=70 years, with no prior chemotherapy and with bidimensionally measurable advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma, ECOG performance status <=2, and adequate bone marrow, kidney, and liver function were eligible for this trial. Eligibility criteria for clinical benefit assessment were pain with at least a daily analgesic consumption of two nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or a Karnofsky performance status between 50 and 70. Treatment consisted of 1,000 mg/m2 of Gemcitabine on days 1, 8 and 15, repeated every 4 weeks, with UFT-E administered orally 500 mg-700 mg by body surface area (BSA). Leucovorin was administered 45 mg/day orally. Dosages of UFT-E and Leucovorin were divided and administered three times per day from day 1 to day 21. After 7 days of rest, UFT-E and Leucovorin were administered repeatedly.
RESULTS
Twenty-three patients were enrolled between April 1999 to April 2000. Eighty two cycles (median, four cycles) were delivered to all patients. The objective response rate was 15.8% in 19 assessable patients and 13.0% in the intent-to-treat population. Twelve patients (57.9%) displayed stable disease. Grade 3 or 4 neutropenia occurred in 30.4% of patients, nausea/vomiting in 8.3%, diarrhea in 4.3%, and mucositis in 4.3%. The median time to progression was 8 months. The median survival was 8 months in the assessable population and 6 months in the intent-to-treat population Clinical benefit was achieved in 11 (57.9%) of 19 assessable patients.
CONCLUSION
Gemcitabine, UFT-E, Leucovorin combination chemotherapy is a well-tolerated and safe regimen in cases of advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Although the response rate is low, it shows a survival benefit and clinical benefit and deserves further evaluation in a phase III trial.

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Gemcitabine and oxaliplatin combination as first-line treatment for advanced pancreatic cancer: a multicenter phase II study
Kyung Hee Lee, Min Kyoung Kim, Yeol Hong Kim, Baek Yeol Ryoo, Ho Yeong Lim, Hong Suk Song, Hoon Kyo Kim, Myung Ah Lee, Seock Ah Im, Heung Moon Chang, Jae Yong Cho, Dae Young Zang, Bong Seog Kim, Jun Suk Kim
Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology.2009; 64(2): 317. CrossRef

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Clinical Significance of Peripheral Blood CEA mRNA Expression in Gastric Cancer Patients Underwent Curative Resection: Jae Hong Seo, Sun Hee Park, Chang Won Bak, Chul Won Choi, Byoung Soo Kim, Sang Won Shin, Yeul Hong Kim, Jun Suk Kim, Young Jae Mok, Jong Suk Kim, Seon Ae Han, Jung In Yoon; Cancer Res Treat. 2001;33(6):483-488. Published online December 31, 2001; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2001.33.6.483

Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
Recent advances in molecular technology have made it possible to detect small numbers of circulating tumor cells in the peripheral blood or bone marrow. Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is an oncofetal antigen that is expressed in epithelial tumor cells. CEA mRNA may be a reliable marker for the detection of tumor cells in the peripheral blood of patients with epithelial cancer.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
We analyzed the peripheral blood of 46 patients with gastric cancer who had undergone curative resection. The presence of CEA mRNA was serially monitored using RT-PCR (Preop, Post op 15 day, 2 months (m), 4 m, 6 m, 8 m, 10 m, 12 m). The clinical characteristics, serum CEA level and immunohistochemical staining of tumor tissue were also evaluated. Patients were followed up for 6 to 12 months.
RESULTS
There was no significant relationship seen between CEA mRNA RT-PCR positivity in the peripheral blood and sex, stage, serum CEA level or immunohistochemical staining for CEA antigen, During follow up,eight patients experienced recurrence; were positve for CEA mRNA RT-PCR recurrence was seen in 66.7% (6/9) of the patients who before clinical recurrence as compared to 5.4% (2/37) of patients who were negative (p=0.0002). Serial changes of CEA mRNA RT-PCR correlated with clinical recurrence; 100% in the positively converted group (3/3), 0% in the negatively converted group(0/18), 50% in all positive group (3/6) and 10.5% in all negative group (2/19) experienced recurrence, respectively.
CONCLUSION
RT-PCR analysis of CEA mRNA in the peripheral blood seems to be a promising tool for the early detection of micrometastatic circulating tumor cells in gastric cancer patients and may be useful in determining patients at high risk for recurrence. However, definitive correlation with recurrence certainly requires a longer follow up duration in further studies.

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Retinoic Acid as a Radiosensitizer on the Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cell Lines: Jae Hong Seo, Kap No Lee, Sun Hee Park, Chul Won Choi, Byung Soo Kim, Sang Won Shin, Yeul Hong Kim, Jun Suk Kim; Cancer Res Treat. 2001;33(4):335-342. Published online August 31, 2001; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2001.33.4.335

Abstract PDF

PURPOSE
Retinoic acid is a substance that has previously been reported to increase radiosensitivity, but at concentrations likely to inhibit cell growth or to induce celluar differentiation. We choose head and neck cancer cell lines to investigate the role of retinoic acid as a radiosensitizer and to elucidate the mechanism through the changes in the expression of retinoid receptors and squamous cell differentiation marker.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Three cell lines (PCI-50, SqCC/ Y1 and UMSCC-11B) were used. 7-AAD staining for apoptosis and Western blot analysis for RAR-alpha, beta, gamma, RXR-alpha, beta, gamma and involucrin were performed after various treatments (control, beta-all-trans-retinoic acid (t-RA) only (10 6 M), radiation only (3 Gy), radiation with t-RA).
RESULTS
The synergistic radiosensitivity effect of t-RA was seen only radioresistant UMSCC-11B cell line. Expression of RAR-beta was induced by t-RA in maily UMSCC- 11B cell line. RAR-alpha,gamma, and RXR-alpha, beta, gamma expression were not changed in all cell lines tested. Expression of involucrin was inhibited by t-RA in PCI-50 cell line but other two cell lines were not changed by t-RA treatment.
CONCLUSION
We found that only radioresistant cell line (UMSCC-11B) showed synergistic radiosensitivity effect by t-RA and this mechanism may be through RAR-beta expression induction.

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The Mechanism of Retinoic Acid-induced Growth Suppression in Head and Neck Squamous Cancer Cell Lines: Seok Jin Kim, Chang Won Paek, Jae Hong Seo, Chul Won Choi, Byung Soo Kim, Sang Won Shin, Yeul Hong Kim, Jun Suk Kim, Aree Kim, Kap No Lee, Sun Han Kim, Geon Choi, Young A Yoo; J Korean Cancer Assoc. 2000;32(4):783-792.

Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
Retinonic acid (RA) has been reported to induce differentiation and growth inhibition in various head and neck squamous cancer cell (HNSCC) lines. We hypothesized that this growth inhi bition might be explained by RA-induced apoptosis on cell cycle arrest mechanism. Therefore, we studied the degree of RA-induced apoptosis with variable RA concentration and exposure duration. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The flow cytometric evaluation of apoptosis degree and cell cycles were carried out with 7-amino actinomycin D (7AAD) and propium iodide (PI) respectively, with var ious RA exposure durations (2, 3, 6 day) and concentrations (conrol, 10 6, 10 7, 10 8, 10 9, 10 10 mole). Two different HNSCC lines (1483, SqCC/Y1) were used and the experiment was repeated twice.
RESULTS
The maximal fraction of apoptosis in 1483 and SqCC/Y1 cell lines were observed at same concentration and exposure duration (1483: 6th day & 10 6, mole, and SqCC/Y1: 6th day & 10 6 mole). In our experimental model, RA did not induce specific cell cycle arrest in these HNSCC lines. However we observed S phase fraction increase in SqCC/Y1 cell line after RA treatment.
CONCLUSION
We suppossed that in HNSCC lines, RA-induced cell growth inhibition could be explained by not only RA-induced apoptosis but also cell cycle arrest. Futher, in vitro study has been carried out to elucidate the RA-iduced cell growth inhibition mechanism in our laboratory.

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Venous Irritation Incidence Associated with Vinorelbine Tartrate Injection Time: Kyung Wook Hur, Jin Eui Jung, Jae Hong Seo, Cheul Won Choi, Byung Soo Kim, Sang Won Shin, Yeul Hong Kim, Jun Suk Kim; J Korean Cancer Assoc. 2000;32(4):699-704.

Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
This study was to determine the incidence and severity of venous irriation in patients receiving vinorelbine tartrate (Navelbine ) in combination chemotherapy. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twenty four patients histologically confirmed non-small cell lung cancer were enrolled in this study who receiving vinorelbine in combination chemotherapy through a peripheral vein from Oct. 1997 to Mar. 1999 with retrospective study design method. One group was 6~10 minutes infusion rate, the other was 10~20 minutes infusion rate with the same free-flow intravenous infusion.
RESULTS
A total of 126 infusions were observed in this study. Sixty-two infusions were admi nistered at the 6~10 minutes, and 64 infusions were administered at the 10~20 minutes. The incidence of any venous irritation was 3.2% (2/62) in the group that received the infusion in 6~10 minutes and 10.9% (7/64) in 10~20 minutes (p=0.164), so we could not acquire any statistical significance. However the incidence of severe venous irritation (grade 3, 4) was 0% (0/62) in 6~10 minutes infusion group and 9.4% (6/64) in 10~20 minutes infusion group. There was a significant difference between two groups (p=0.028) CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that venous irritation associated with vinorelbine tartrate infusion can be reduced by shorter duration of administration and vinorelbine tartrate might be recom mended to administer at 6~10 minutes infusion in clinical practice.

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Concurrent Chemoradiation Therapy with Cisplatin and Oral Etoposide for Locally Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer: Chang Won Paek, So Young Yoon, Jae Hong Seo, Chul Won Choi, Byung Soo Kim, Sang Won Shin, Yeul Hong Kim, Jae Jung Shim, Kyung Ho Kang, Jun Suk Kim, Chul Yong Kim, Myung Sun Choi, Young Ho Choi, Kwang Tak Kim; J Korean Cancer Assoc. 2000;32(4):682-689.

Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
Prognosis of locally advanced inoperable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with radiation therapy alone has been disappointing. In recent years, concurrent chemoradiation therapy has potential of improving both local and metastatic disease-free survival. This phase II study was undertaken to determine the feasibility, toxicity, response rate, local control rate, and survival duration of locally advanced NSCL patients treated with concurrent chemoradiation using cisplatin and oral etoposide. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Forty-seven patients were enrolled and forty-one patients were evaluable. Chemotheray consisted of cisplatin 50 mg/m2/IV on days 1 and 8 and oral etoposide 100 mg/day on days 1 to 5 and 8 to 12 which was repeated, every 4 weeks for two cycles during radiation therapy. Radiation therapy was administered to a total dose of 6300 cGY.
RESULTS
Among 41 evaluable patients, six patients achieved complete response, and twenty had partial response, for an overall response rate of 63.4% (95% confidence interval; 48.4% to 75.4%). Stable disease was reported in 10 patients (24.4%) and another 5 (12.2%) showed disease pro gression. Overall survival rate was 76% at 1 year, 34% at 2 years. Median survival duration was 17 months (range; 3 to 41 ). Eighty-three percents of patients had radiation pneumonitis but only one patients needed medical treatment.
CONCLUSION
Concurrent chemoradiation therapy with cisplatin and oral etoposide at this level is a well tolerated and feasible.

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Frequency of bcl-2/JH Rearrangement in Benign Lymphoid Hyperplasia: Young A Yoo, Seung Ho Lee, Mi Na Son, Zeung Kun Cho, Kun Choi, Jong Wook Choi, Sang Won Shin, Byung Soo Kim, Jun Suk Kim, In Sun Kim, Yeul Hong Kim; J Korean Cancer Assoc. 2000;32(3):587-594.

Abstract PDF: No abstract available.

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Combination Chemotherapy with Cisplatin, Ifosfamide, and Etoposide in Small Cell Lung Cancer: In Keun Choi, Byung Soo Kim, Jae Jeong Shim, Sang Won Shin, Yeul Hong Kim, Kyung Ho Kang, Kwang Taek Kim, Jun Suk Kim, Young Ho Choi; J Korean Cancer Assoc. 1999;31(4):692-698.

Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
Although chemotherapy is considered as the mainstay of treatment for small cell lung cancer, long-term survival is not expected in the majority of patients. Until more effective drugs are developed, optimization of available chemotherapeutic regimens and the combination with radiotherapy will be required to improve the survival of small cell lung cancer patients. We conducted a phase II trial to evaluate the effect of a combination chemotherapy of cisplatin, ifosfamide, and etoposide.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
From January 1994 to December 1997, 34 untreated small cell lung cancer patients were enrolled in this study. The treatment schedule included etoposide 80 mg/m/day, ifosfamide 1.5 g/m'/day, cisplatin 20 mg/m/day iv continuous infusion on day 1-3. Cycles were repeated every 4 weeks.
RESULTS
The objective response rate was 58% [localized disease (LD), 100%; extensive disease (ED), 48%]. And complete remission rate was 19% (LD, 38%; ED, 13%). The median survival of all patients was 12 months (LD, 17 months; ED, 12 months). The median duration of response was 7 months. There was one treatment-related death. The hematologic toxicities were tolerable: Leukopenia greater than Grade III was 25%, and thrombocytopenia greater than Grade III was 6%. Nausea and vomiting were seen in most patients, but they were controllable.
CONCLUSION
The combination chemotherapy with cisplatin, ifosfamide, and etoposide as a first line therapy seemed effective with tolerable toxicity in patients with small cell lung cancer.

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Clinical Efficacy of Combination Chemotherapy with Cisplatin , Ifosfamide , and Oral Etoposide ( PIE ) in Advanced Non - Small Cell Lung Cancer: Yeul Hong Kim, Jae Hong Seo, Byung Soo Kim, Sang Won Shin, Jae Jung Shin, Kyung Ho Kang, Young Ho Choi, Kwang Tak Kim, Jun Suk Kim; J Korean Cancer Assoc. 1999;31(2):297-305.

Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
A prolonged administration of etoposide increases its effectiveness on the suggestion that pralonged maintenance of low levels is an important factor in determining its activity. Many studies have been tried to define the efficacy of combination of oral etoposide with other chemotherapeutic drugs such as cisplatin, 5-FU, and ifosfamide in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In this study, we evaluated the effectiveness and toxicities of combination chemotherapy of oral etoposide with intravenous cisplatin and ifosfamide in advanced NSCLC patients.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Thirty-three patients with inoperable NSCLC who had measurable diseases and had not been treated with chemotherapeutic drug, were enrolled in this study (from May 1995 to April 1998). Treatment consisted of intravenous cisplatin (20 mg/m(2)/day, Day 1-3) and ifosfamide (1,800 mg/m(2)/day, Days 1-3) with Mesna (1,100 mg/m(2)/day, Days 1-3), and oral etoposide (50 mg/m(2)/day, Days 4-17). This treatment was repeated every 4 weeks. Patients showing stable disease or a better response were continued on treatment with the range of one to nine cycles (medium: 3 cycles). All patients were evaluated for the response, survival, and toxicity of this combination chemotherapy.
RESULTS
Eleven patients showed either complete responses [CR, 3 (9%)] or partial responses [PR, 8 (24%)]. The median number of treatment cycles were 5 (range, 3-9) for responders and 2 (range, 1-7) for non-responders. The responders had median response duration of 10 months and the overall survival of 12 months. The overall survival of responders were longer than that of non-responders (median 19 vs 5 months, p 0.0232). The toxicities of this treatment were tolerable without treatment related death. Limiting toxicities were myelosuppression and oral mucbsities, Grade 3 or 4 leukopenia and oral mucosities were observed in 34% and 9%, respectively.
CONCLUSION
The combination of cisplatin, ifosfamide, and oral etoposide produced encouraging response rates and median survival duration in patients with response. Further study of this combination is warranted in comparison with standard cisplatin+etoposide regimen or intravenous etoposide, cisplatin and ifosfamide regimen.

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