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212 "Jin Kim"
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Original Article
Tracing Metastatic Evolutionary Patterns in Lung Adenocarcinoma: Prognostic Dissection Based on a Multi-state Model
Geewon Lee, Yang-Jin Kim, Insuk Sohn, Jong Hoon Kim, Ho Yun Lee
Received July 25, 2024  Accepted January 22, 2025  Published online January 24, 2025  
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2024.700    [Accepted]
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose
After surgery for lung adenocarcinoma, a patient may experience various states of recurrence, with multiple factors potentially influencing the transitions between these states. Our purpose was to investigate the effects of clinical and pathological factors on tumor recurrence, death, and prognosis across various metastasizing pathways.
Materials and Methods
Our study group included 335 patients with all demographic and pathologic data available who underwent surgical resection for lung adenocarcinoma for more than 10 years. The following states of disease were defined: initial state, operation (OP); three intermediate states of local recurrence (LR), metastasis (Meta), and concurrent LR with metastasis (LR+Meta); and a terminal state, death. We identified 8 transitions representing various pathways of tumor progression. We employed a multi-state model (MSM) to separate the impacts of multiple prognostic factors on the transitions following surgery.
Results
After surgery, approximately half of patients experienced recurrence. Specifically, 142 (42.4%), 54 (16.1%), and 7 (2.1%) patients developed Meta, LR+Meta, and LR, respectively. Clinical and pathological factors associated with the transitions were different. Impact of pathological lymph node remained a risk factor for both OP to Meta (λ02, p-value=0.001) and OP to LR+Meta (λ03, p-value = 0.001).
Conclusion
Lung adenocarcinoma displays a broad spectrum of clinical scenarios even after curative surgery. Incidence, risk factors, and prognosis varied across different pathways of recurrence in lung adenocarcinoma patients. The greatest implication of this MSM is its ability to predict the timing and type of clinical intervention that will have the greatest impact on survival.
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Special Article
Identifying Trends in Oncology Research through a Bibliographic Analysis of Cancer Research and Treatment
Choong-kun Lee, Jeong Min Choo, Yong Chan Ahn, Jin Kim, Sun Young Rha, Chai Hong Rim, On behalf of the 50th Anniversary Committee of the Korean Cancer Association
Cancer Res Treat. 2025;57(1):11-18.   Published online December 5, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2024.688
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
During the celebration of the 50th anniversary of the founding of the Korean Cancer Association, articles published in Cancer Research and Treatment from 2004 to 2023 were assessed based on the subject and design of each study. Based on this analysis, trends in domestic cancer research were inferred and directions were suggested for the future development of Cancer Research and Treatment.
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Original Articles
Low‒Dose Cyclophosphamide Enhances the Tumoricidal Effects of 5-Day Spacing Stereotactic Ablative Radiotherapy by Boosting Antitumor Immunity
Hyunkyung Kim, Seok-Joo Chun, Sojung Sun, Haeun Cho, Tae-Jin Kim, Yoon-Jin Lee, Eui Kyu Chie, Kwangmo Yang, Mi-Sook Kim
Received August 21, 2024  Accepted November 7, 2024  Published online November 8, 2024  
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2024.807    [Accepted]
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose
To investigate the potential role of low‒dose cyclophosphamide (Cy) as a radiosensitizer by evaluating its impact on the immune response and the abscopal effect of stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR) through preclinical models.
Materials and Methods
CT26 tumors (immunologically hot) and 4T1 tumors (immunologically cold), grown in immunocompetent BALB/c and immunodeficient BALB/c‒nude mice, were irradiated with 20 Gy in two fractions with 5‒day spacing followed by intraperitoneal injections of 9 mg/kg Cy every 3 days. Immunological changes in CT26 tumors caused by the treatments were assessed using flow cytometry. Changes in the expression of HIF‒1α in tumors were also assessed. Splenocytes and bone marrow‒derived dendritic cells (DCs) were exposed to various concentrations of Cy to assess T cell proliferation and DC differentiation.
Results
The combination of Cy with RT (RT+Cy) significantly suppressed tumor growth compared to RT alone in immunocompetent mice, while that effect was not observed in immunodeficient mice. Additionally, RT+Cy effectively induced abscopal effects in hot and cold tumors, with increased CD8+ T cells in blood and tumors. Significantly higher expression levels of Granzyme B, IFN‒γ, and TNF‒α were observed in RT+Cy group compared to the RT alone group. In vitro data indicated that low‒dose Cy promotes DC differentiation. Low‒dose Cy suppressed the radiation‒induced upregulation of HIF‒1α in the tumors.
Conclusion
Low‒dose Cy enhances tumoricidal effects of 5‒day spacing high‒dose RT by increasing anti-tumor immune responses.
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Histological Assessment and Interobserver Agreement in Major Pathologic Response for Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer with Neoadjuvant Therapy
Sungjin Kim, Jeonghyo Lee, Jin-Haeng Chung
Received July 19, 2024  Accepted September 8, 2024  Published online September 9, 2024  
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2024.670    [Epub ahead of print]
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReaderePub
Purpose
Major pathologic response (MPR), defined as ≤ 10% of residual viable tumor (VT), is a prognostic factor in non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) after neoadjuvant therapy. This study evaluated interobserver reproducibility in assessing MPR, compared area-weighted and unweighted VT (%) calculation, and determined optimal VT (%) cutoffs across histologic subtypes for survival prediction.
Materials and Methods
This retrospective study included 108 patients with NSCLC who underwent surgical resection after neoadjuvant chemotherapy or chemoradiation at Seoul National University Bundang Hospital between 2009-2018. Three observers with varying expertise independently assessed tumor bed and VT (%) based on digital whole-slide images.
Results
Reproducibility in tumor bed delineation was reduced in squamous cell carcinoma (SqCC) with smaller tumor bed, although overall concordance was high (Dice coefficient, 0.96; intersection-over-union score, 0.92). Excellent agreement was achieved for VT (%) (intraclass correlation coefficient=0.959) and MPR using 10% cutoff (Fleiss’ kappa=0.911). Shifting between area-weighted and unweighted VT (%) showed only one case differing in MPR status out of 81 cases. The optimal cutoff was 10% for both adenocarcinoma (ADC) and SqCC. MPR+ was observed in 18 patients (17%), with SqCC showing higher MPR+ rates (p=0.044), lower VT (%) (p < 0.001), and better event-free survival (p=0.015) than ADC. MPR+ significantly improved overall survival (p=0.023), event-free survival (p=0.001), and lung cancer-specific survival (p=0.012).
Conclusion
While MPR assessment demonstrated robust reproducibility with minimal impact from the tumor bed, attention is warranted when evaluating smaller tumor beds in SqCC. A 10% cutoff reliably predicted survival across histologic subtypes with higher interobserver reproducibility.
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Clinical Impact of Microbiome Characteristics in Treatment-Naïve Extranodal NK/T-Cell Lymphoma Patients
Sang Eun Yoon, Woorim Kang, Junhun Cho, Mauricio Chalita, Je Hee Lee, Dong-Wook Hyun, Hyun Kim, Seok Jin Kim, Won Seog Kim
Received July 22, 2024  Accepted August 14, 2024  Published online August 16, 2024  
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2024.675    [Epub ahead of print]
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReaderePub
Purpose
Extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma (ENKTL) predominantly manifests in East Asia and Latin America. Despite shared intrinsic factors, such as ethnic and genetic backgrounds, the progression of ENKTL can be influenced by extrinsic factors related to changing lifestyle patterns.
Materials and Methods
This study collected stool samples from newly diagnosed (ND)–ENKTL patients (n=40) and conducted whole genome shotgun sequencing.
Results
ND-ENKTL revealed reduced alpha diversity in ND-ENKTL compared to healthy controls (HCs) (p=0.008), with Enterobacteriaceae abundance significantly contributing to the beta diversity difference between ENKTL and HCs (p < 0.001). Functional analysis indicated upregulated aerobic metabolism and degradation of aromatic compounds in ND-ENKTL. Enterobacteriaceae were associated not only with clinical data explaining disease status (serum C-reactive protein, stage, prognosis index of natural killer cell lymphoma [PINK], and PINK-E) but also with clinical outcomes (early relapse and short progression-free survival). The relative abundance of Enterobacteriaceae at the family level was similar between ENKTL and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) (p=0.140). However, the ENKTL exhibited a higher abundance of Escherichia, in contrast to the prevalence of Enterobacter and Citrobacter in DLBCL. Linear regression analysis demonstrated a significant association between Escherichia abundance and programmed cell death-ligand-1 (PD-L1) levels in tissue samples (p=0.025), whereas no correlation with PD-L1 was observed for Enterobacteriaceae at the family level (p=0.571).
Conclusion
ND-ENKTL exhibited an abundance of Enterobacteriaceae and a dominant presence of Escherichia. These microbial characteristics correlated with disease status, treatment outcomes, and PD-L1 expression, suggesting the potential of the ENKTL microbiome as a biomarker and cause of lymphomagenesis, which warrants further exploration.
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Nivolumab in Relapsed or Refractory Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma: Multicenter, Retrospective Study
Jun Ho Yi, Seok Jin Kim, Sang-A Kim, Jongheon Jung, Dok Hyun Yoon
Received June 5, 2024  Accepted August 14, 2024  Published online August 16, 2024  
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2024.531    [Epub ahead of print]
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Purpose
Given that 40%-50% of primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) tissues exhibit aberrancy on 9p24.1, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) may work for the disease.
Materials and Methods
To define the role of ICIs in PCNSL, we carried out a nationwide retrospect analysis for 22 patients who had been treated with nivolumab monotherapy for relapsed or refractory PCNSL.
Results
The median age at diagnosis was 66, and male: female ratio was 1:1. Patients received nivolumab after a median of 3 lines (range, 2 to 6) of therapy and at the median age of 67 years (range, 37 to 82 years). Eleven patients (50%) were refractory to the last treatment prior to nivolumab. With a median follow-up duration of 22.3 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 13.1 to 31.5), nine patients (41%) had an objective response (6 complete responses, 3 partial responses), and the median duration of response was 20.9 months (95% CI, 1.7 to 40.0). The median progression-free survival and overall survival were 2.1 months (95% CI, 0.2 to 4.0) and 18.9 months (95% CI, 5.0 to 32.8), respectively. Nivolumab was generally well-tolerated as no patients required dose reduction and only two patients required delay of treatment.
Conclusion
Our study suggests that nivolumab can be a reasonable option with the durable response for RR PCNSL.
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Hematologic malignancy
Assessing the Efficacy of Bortezomib and Dexamethasone for Induction and Maintenance Therapy in Relapsed/Refractory Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma: A Phase II CISL1701/BIC Study
Yoon Seok Choi, Joonho Shim, Ka-Won Kang, Sang Eun Yoon, Jun Sik Hong, Sung Nam Lim, Ho-Young Yhim, Jung Hye Kwon, Gyeong-Won Lee, Deok-Hwan Yang, Sung Yong Oh, Ho-Jin Shin, Hyeon-Seok Eom, Dok Hyun Yoon, Hong Ghi Lee, Seong Hyun Jeong, Won Seog Kim, Seok Jin Kim
Cancer Res Treat. 2025;57(1):267-279.   Published online July 16, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2024.479
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReaderePub
Purpose
This multicenter, open-label, phase II trial evaluated the efficacy and safety of bortezomib combined with dexamethasone for the treatment of relapsed/refractory cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) in previously treated patients across 14 institutions in South Korea.
Materials and Methods
Between September 2017 and July 2020, 29 patients with histologically confirmed CTCL received treatment, consisting of eight 4-week cycles of induction therapy followed by maintenance therapy, contingent upon response, for up to one year. The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients achieving an objective global response.
Results
Thirteen of the 29 patients (44.8%) achieved an objective global response, including two complete responses. The median progression-free survival (PFS) was 5.8 months, with responders showing a median PFS of 14.0 months. Treatment-emergent adverse events were generally mild, with a low incidence of peripheral neuropathy and hematologic toxicities. Despite the trend toward shorter PFS in patients with higher mutation burdens, genomic profiling before and after treatment showed no significant emergence of new mutations indicative of disease progression.
Conclusion
This study supports the use of bortezomib and dexamethasone as a viable and safe treatment option for previously treated CTCL, demonstrating substantial efficacy and manageability in adverse effects. Further research with a larger cohort is suggested to validate these findings and explore the prognostic value of mutation profiles.
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Special Article
The Cancer Clinical Library Database (CCLD) from the Korea-Clinical Data Utilization Network for Research Excellence (K-CURE) Project
Sangwon Lee, Yeon Ho Choi, Hak Min Kim, Min Ah Hong, Phillip Park, In Hae Kwak, Ye Ji Kang, Kui Son Choi, Hyun-Joo Kong, Hyosung Cha, Hyun-Jin Kim, Kwang Sun Ryu, Young Sang Jeon, Hwanhee Kim, Jip Min Jung, Jeong-Soo Im, Heejung Chae
Cancer Res Treat. 2025;57(1):19-27.   Published online July 15, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2024.218
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
The common data model (CDM) has found widespread application in healthcare studies, but its utilization in cancer research has been limited. This article describes the development and implementation strategy for Cancer Clinical Library Databases (CCLDs), which are standardized cancer-specific databases established under the Korea-Clinical Data Utilization Network for Research Excellence (K-CURE) project by the Korean Ministry of Health and Welfare. Fifteen leading hospitals and fourteen academic associations in Korea are engaged in constructing CCLDs for 10 primary cancer types. For each cancer type-specific CCLD, cancer data experts determine key clinical data items essential for cancer research, standardize these items across cancer types, and create a standardized schema. Comprehensive clinical records covering diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes, with annual updates, are collected for each cancer patient in the target population, and quality control is based on six-sigma standards. To protect patient privacy, CCLDs follow stringent data security guidelines by pseudonymizing personal identification information and operating within a closed analysis environment. Researchers can apply for access to CCLD data through the K-CURE portal, which is subject to Institutional Review Board and Data Review Board approval. The CCLD is considered a pioneering standardized cancer-specific database, significantly representing Korea’s cancer data. It is expected to overcome limitations of previous CDMs and provide a valuable resource for multicenter cancer research in Korea.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Predictive Mortality and Gastric Cancer Risk Using Clinical and Socio-Economic Data: A Nationwide Multicenter Cohort Study
    Seong Uk Kang, Seung-Joo Nam, Oh Beom Kwon, Inhyeok Yim, Tae-Hoon Kim, Na Young Yeo, Myoung Nam Lim, Woo Jin Kim, Sang Won Park
    Cancers.2024; 17(1): 30.     CrossRef
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  • 1 Crossref
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Original Article
Pediatric cancer
The Effect of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation on Treatment Outcome in Children with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Hee Young Ju, Na Hee Lee, Eun Sang Yi, Young Bae Choi, So Jin Kim, Ju Kyung Hyun, Hee Won Cho, Jae Kyung Lee, Ji Won Lee, Ki Woong Sung, Hong Hoe Koo, Keon Hee Yoo
Cancer Res Treat. 2025;57(1):240-249.   Published online July 5, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2024.155
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Purpose
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) has been an important method of treatment in the advance of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). The indications for HSCT are evolving and require updated establishment. In this study, we aimed to investigate the efficacy of HSCT on the treatment outcome of pediatric ALL, considering the indications for HSCT and subgroups.
Materials and Methods
A retrospective analysis was conducted on ALL patients diagnosed and treated at a single center. Risk groups were categorized based on age at diagnosis, initial white blood cell count, disease lineage (B/T), and cytogenetic study results. Data on the patients’ disease status at HSCT and indications of HSCT were collected. Indications for HSCT were categorized as upfront HSCT at 1st complete remission, relapse, and refractory disease.
Results
Among the 549 screened patients, a total of 418 patients were included in the study; B-cell ALL (n=379) and T-cell ALL (T-ALL) (n=39). HSCT was conducted on a total of 106 patients (25.4%), with a higher frequency as upfront HSCT in higher-risk groups and specific cytogenetics. The overall survival (OS) was significantly better when done upfront than in relapsed or refractory state in T-ALL patients (p=0.002). The KMT2A-rearranged ALL patients showed superior event-free survival (p=0.002) and OS (p=0.022) when HSCT was done as upfront treatment.
Conclusion
HSCT had a substantial positive effect in a specific subset of pediatric ALL. In particular, frontline HSCT for T-ALL and KMT2A-rearranged ALL offered a better prognosis than when HSCT was conducted in a relapsed or refractory setting.
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Special Article
Data Resource Profile: The Cancer Public Library Database in South Korea
Dong-Woo Choi, Min Yeong Guk, Hye Ri Kim, Kwang Sun Ryu, Hyun-Joo Kong, Hyo Soung Cha, Hyun-Jin Kim, Heejung Chae, Young Sang Jeon, Hwanhee Kim, Jipmin Jung, Jeong-Soo Im, Kui Son Choi
Cancer Res Treat. 2024;56(4):1014-1026.   Published online April 30, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2024.207
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReaderePub
This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the Cancer Public Library Database (CPLD), established under the Korean Clinical Data Utilization for Research Excellence project (K-CURE). The CPLD links data from four major population-based public sources: the Korea National Cancer Incidence Database in the Korea Central Cancer Registry, cause-of-death data in Statistics Korea, the National Health Information Database in the National Health Insurance Service, and the National Health Insurance Research Database in the Health Insurance Review & Assessment Service. These databases are linked using an encrypted resident registration number. The CPLD, established in 2022 and updated annually, comprises 1,983,499 men and women newly diagnosed with cancer between 2012 and 2019. It contains data on cancer registration and death, demographics, medical claims, general health checkups, and national cancer screening. The most common cancers among men in the CPLD were stomach (16.1%), lung (14.0%), colorectal (13.3%), prostate (9.6%), and liver (9.3%) cancers. The most common cancers among women were thyroid (20.4%), breast (16.6%), colorectal (9.0%), stomach (7.8%), and lung (6.2%) cancers. Among them, 571,285 died between 2012 and 2020 owing to cancer (89.2%) or other causes (10.8%). Upon approval, the CPLD is accessible to researchers through the K-CURE portal. The CPLD is a unique resource for diverse cancer research to investigate medical use before a cancer diagnosis, during initial diagnosis and treatment, and long-term follow-up. This offers expanded insight into healthcare delivery across the cancer continuum, from screening to end-of-life care.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Risk Factors and Prevention of Stomach Cancer, Excluding Helicobacter pylori
    Seung-Woo Lee
    The Korean Journal of Helicobacter and Upper Gastrointestinal Research.2024; 24(3): 243.     CrossRef
  • Prediction model for survival of younger patients with breast cancer using the breast cancer public staging database
    Ha Ye Jin Kang, Minsam Ko, Kwang Sun Ryu
    Scientific Reports.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Predictive Mortality and Gastric Cancer Risk Using Clinical and Socio-Economic Data: A Nationwide Multicenter Cohort Study
    Seong Uk Kang, Seung-Joo Nam, Oh Beom Kwon, Inhyeok Yim, Tae-Hoon Kim, Na Young Yeo, Myoung Nam Lim, Woo Jin Kim, Sang Won Park
    Cancers.2024; 17(1): 30.     CrossRef
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  • 240 Download
  • 2 Web of Science
  • 3 Crossref
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Original Articles
Gastrointestinal cancer
Longitudinal Comparative Analysis of Circulating Tumor DNA and Matched Tumor Tissue DNA in Patients with Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Receiving Palliative First-Line Systemic Anti-Cancer Therapy
Seung-been Lee, Ji-Won Kim, Hong-Geun Kim, Sung-Hyun Hwang, Kui-Jin Kim, Ju Hyun Lee, Jeongmin Seo, Minsu Kang, Eun Hee Jung, Koung Jin Suh, Se Hyun Kim, Jin Won Kim, Yu Jung Kim, Jee Hyun Kim, Nak-Jung Kwon, Keun-Wook Lee
Cancer Res Treat. 2024;56(4):1171-1182.   Published online April 29, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2024.016
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReaderePub
Purpose
This study aimed to compare tumor tissue DNA (ttDNA) and circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) to explore the clinical applicability of ctDNA and to better understand clonal evolution in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer undergoing palliative first-line systemic therapy.
Materials and Methods
We performed targeted sequencing analysis of 88 cancer-associated genes using germline DNA, ctDNA at baseline (baseline-ctDNA), and ctDNA at progressive disease (PD-ctDNA). The results were compared with ttDNA data.
Results
Among 208 consecutively enrolled patients, we selected 84 (41 males; median age, 59 years; range, 35 to 90 years) with all four sample types available. A total of 202 driver mutations were found in 34 genes. ttDNA exhibited the highest mutation frequency (n=232), followed by baseline-ctDNA (n=155) and PD-ctDNA (n=117). Sequencing ctDNA alongside ttDNA revealed additional mutations in 40 patients (47.6%). PD-ctDNA detected 13 novel mutations in 10 patients (11.9%) compared to ttDNA and baseline-ctDNA. Notably, seven mutations in five patients (6.0%) were missense or nonsense mutations in APC, TP53, SMAD4, and CDH1 genes. In baseline-ctDNA, higher maximal variant allele frequency (VAF) values (p=0.010) and higher VAF values of APC (p=0.012), TP53 (p=0.012), and KRAS (p=0.005) mutations were significantly associated with worse overall survival.
Conclusion
While ttDNA remains more sensitive than ctDNA, our ctDNA platform demonstrated validity and potential value when ttDNA was unavailable. Post-treatment analysis of PD-ctDNA unveiled new pathogenic mutations, signifying cancer’s clonal evolution. Additionally, baseline-ctDNA’s VAF values were prognostic after treatment.
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Head and Neck cancer
Analysis of Response and Progression Patterns of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in Recurrent or Metastatic Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma: A Post Hoc Analysis of Two KCSG Phase II Trials
Youjin Kim, Bhumsuk Keam, Eun Joo Kang, Jin-Soo Kim, Hye Ryun Kim, Keun-Wook Lee, Jung Hye Kwon, Kyoung Eun Lee, Yaewon Yang, Yoon Hee Choi, Min Kyoung Kim, Jun Ho Ji, Tak Yun, Moon Young Choi, Ki Hyeong Lee, Sung-Bae Kim, Myung-Ju Ahn
Cancer Res Treat. 2024;56(4):1068-1076.   Published online April 15, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2024.008
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReaderePub
Purpose
In this study, we evaluated 66 patients diagnosed with adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) enrolled in two Korean Cancer Study Group trials to investigate the response and progression patterns in recurrent and/or metastatic ACC treated with vascular endothelial growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (VEGFR-TKIs).
Materials and Methods
We evaluated 66 patients diagnosed with ACC who were enrolled in the Korean Cancer Study Group trials. The tumor measurements, clinical data, treatment outcomes, and progression patterns of therapy were analyzed.
Results
In the 66 patients (53 receiving axitinib and 13 receiving nintedanib), the disease control rate was 61%, and three patients achieved partial response. The median follow-up, median progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival, and 6-month PFS rate were 27.6%, 12.4%, and 18.1% months and 62.1%, respectively. Among 42 patients who experienced progression, 27 (64.3%) showed target lesion progression. Bone metastasis was an independent poor prognostic factor.
Conclusion
Overall, most patients demonstrated stable disease with prolonged PFS; however, prominent target lesion progression occurred in some patients. Thus, PFS may capture VEGFR-TKI efficacy better than the objective response rate.
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Special Articles
Cancer Statistics in Korea: Incidence, Mortality, Survival, and Prevalence in 2021
Eun Hye Park, Kyu-Won Jung, Nam Ju Park, Mee Joo Kang, E Hwa Yun, Hye-Jin Kim, Jeong-Eun Kim, Hyun-Joo Kong, Jeong-Soo Im, Hong Gwan Seo, The Community of Population-Based Regional Cancer Registries
Cancer Res Treat. 2024;56(2):357-371.   Published online March 13, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2024.253
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReaderePub
Purpose
The current study provides national cancer statistics and their secular trends in Korea, including incidence, mortality, survival, and prevalence in 2021.
Materials and Methods
Incidence, survival, and prevalence rates of cancer were calculated using the Korea National Cancer Incidence Database, from 1999 to 2021, with survival follow-up until December 31, 2022. Deaths from cancer were assessed using causes-of-death data obtained from Statistics Korea.
Results
The number of new cancer diagnoses in 2021 increased by 27,002 cases (10.8%) compared to 2020. In 2021, newly diagnosed cancer cases and deaths from cancer were reported as 277,523 (age-standardized rate [ASR], 289.3 per 100,000) and 82,688 (ASR, 67.6 per 100,000), respectively. The overall cancer incidence rates increased by 3.3% annually from 1999 to 2012, and decreased by 5.3% from 2012 to 2015, thereafter, followed by non-significant changes. Cancer mortality rates have been decreasing since 2002, with more rapid decline in recent years (annual decrease of 2.8% from 2002 to 2013; 3.2% from 2013 to 2021). The 5-year relative survival between 2017 and 2021 was 72.1%, which contributed to prevalent cases reaching over 2.4 million in 2021.
Conclusion
In 2021, the number of newly diagnosed cancer patients increased as healthcare utilization recovered from the coronavirus disease 2019–related declines of 2020. Revised cancer registration guidelines expanded the registration scope, particularly for stomach and colorectal cancer. Survival rates have improved over the years, leading to a growing population of cancer survivors, necessitating a comprehensive cancer control strategy. The long-term impact of the pandemic on cancer statistics requires future investigation.

Citations

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  • Survivorship concerns among posttreatment cancer survivors in South Korea: A secondary analysis of a cross-sectional survey
    Soo Hyun Kim
    International Journal of Nursing Studies.2025; 162: 104982.     CrossRef
  • Risk of malignant lymphoma in patients with previous tuberculosis infection: a cohort study
    Yun-Gyoo Lee, Dayeon Seo, Hyun-Il Gil, Dong-Hoe Koo, Suk Joong Oh
    Annals of Hematology.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Korean Practice Guidelines for Gastric Cancer 2024: An Evidence-based, Multidisciplinary Approach (Update of 2022 Guideline)
    In-Ho Kim, Seung Joo Kang, Wonyoung Choi, An Na Seo, Bang Wool Eom, Beodeul Kang, Bum Jun Kim, Byung-Hoon Min, Chung Hyun Tae, Chang In Choi, Choong-kun Lee, Ho Jung An, Hwa Kyung Byun, Hyeon-Su Im, Hyung-Don Kim, Jang Ho Cho, Kyoungjune Pak, Jae-Joon Kim
    Journal of Gastric Cancer.2025; 25(1): 5.     CrossRef
  • Sex Differences in Clinical Features and Survival Outcomes of Esophageal Cancer: A Comparative Study in the Korean Population
    Jin Hee Noh, Hyungchul Park, Do Hoon Kim, Hee Kyong Na, Ji Yong Ahn, Jeong Hoon Lee, Kee Wook Jung, Kee Don Choi, Ho June Song, Gin Hyug Lee, Hwoon-Yong Jung
    The World Journal of Men's Health.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Factors Influencing Postoperative Quality of Life in Korean Brain Tumor Survivors
    Soomin Lim, Smi Choi-Kwon
    Journal of Neuroscience Nursing.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Colorectal Cancer Survivors' Inner Strength, Multiple Identities, and Quality of Life by Gender and Ostomy Presence: A Cross-Sectional Study
    Hannah Yu, Eunjung Ryu
    Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2024; 36(2): 171.     CrossRef
  • Chuna Manual Therapy or Electroacupuncture with Pregabalin for Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Study
    Yeon-Woo Lee, Ilkyun Lee, Jin-Hyun Lee, Min-Geun Park, Ji-Hoon Kim, Yoon-Young Sunwoo, Man-Suk Hwang, Tae-Yong Park
    Journal of Clinical Medicine.2024; 13(13): 3916.     CrossRef
  • SMARCD3 Overexpression Promotes Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition in Gastric Cancer
    Sun Yi Park, Ji-Ho Park, Jung Wook Yang, Eun-Jung Jung, Young-Tae Ju, Chi-Young Jeong, Ju-Yeon Kim, Taejin Park, Tae-Han Kim, Miyeong Park, Young-Joon Lee, Sang-Ho Jeong
    Cancers.2024; 16(12): 2282.     CrossRef
  • Factors influencing psychological distress among breast cancer survivors using machine learning techniques
    Jin-Hee Park, Misun Chun, Sun Hyoung Bae, Jeonghee Woo, Eunae Chon, Hee Jun Kim
    Scientific Reports.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • The Influence of Professional Self-Concept and Patient Safety Culture on Burnout among Nurses in a Cancer Hospital
    Soyoon Do, Eunjung Ryu
    Asian Oncology Nursing.2024; 24(2): 53.     CrossRef
  • Prognostic Impact of Reactive Oxygen Species Modulator 1 in Surgically Resected Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor-Mutant Lung Adenocarcinomas
    Tae-Woo Kim, Kiyong Na, Junyang Jung, Heejin Lim, Hyewon Seo, Seung Hyeun Lee
    Oncology.2024; 102(11): 969.     CrossRef
  • Performance of the National Cancer Screening Program for Gastric Cancer in Korea
    Young-Il Kim
    The Korean Journal of Helicobacter and Upper Gastrointestinal Research.2024; 24(3): 231.     CrossRef
  • Sites of Metastasis and Survival in Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma: Results From the Korean Renal Cancer Study Group Database
    Chan Ho Lee, Minyong Kang, Cheol Kwak, Young Hwii Ko, Jung Kwon Kim, Jae Young Park, Seokhwan Bang, Seong Il Seo, Jungyo Suh, Wan Song, Cheryn Song, Hyung Ho Lee, Jinsoo Chung, Chang Wook Jeong, Jung Ki Jo, Seock Hwan Choi, Joongwon Choi, Changil Choi, Se
    Journal of Korean Medical Science.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Evolving trends in treatment patterns for hepatocellular carcinoma in Korea from 2008 to 2022: a nationwide population-based study
    Ji Won Han, Won Sohn, Gwang Hyeon Choi, Jeong Won Jang, Gi Hyeon Seo, Bo Hyun Kim, Jong Young Choi
    Journal of Liver Cancer.2024; 24(2): 274.     CrossRef
  • Redefining the role of radiation therapy in pancreatic cancer management: innovations and future directions: A narrative review
    Jeong Il Yu
    Precision and Future Medicine.2024; 8(3): 74.     CrossRef
  • A 5-Year Mortality Prediction Model for Prostate Cancer Patients Based on the Korean Nationwide Health Insurance Claims Database
    Joungyoun Kim, Yong-Hoon Kim, Yong-June Kim, Hee-Taik Kang
    Journal of Personalized Medicine.2024; 14(10): 1058.     CrossRef
  • Longitudinal trajectories of frailty and cognitive decline among older Korean cancer survivors
    Ran Won, Heesook Son, Jeehee Han, Youn-Jung Son
    Geriatric Nursing.2024; 60: 636.     CrossRef
  • Breast Cancer Statistics in Korea, 2021
    Chihwan David Cha, Chan Sub Park, Hee-Chul Shin, Jaihong Han, Jung Eun Choi, Joo Heung Kim, Kyu-Won Jung, Sae Byul Lee, Sang Eun Nam, Tae In Yoon, Young-Joon Kang, Zisun Kim, So-Youn Jung, Hyun-Ah Kim
    Journal of Breast Cancer.2024; 27(6): 351.     CrossRef
  • Tobacco Use in Korea: Current Epidemiology and Public Health Issues
    Jong Eun Park, Woo Min Jeong, Ye Jin Choi, So Young Kim, Kyoung Eun Yeob, Jong Hyock Park
    Journal of Korean Medical Science.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Endometrial cancer detected unusually after an ankle fracture secondary to severe anemia in an obese woman with heavy menstrual bleeding: A case report
    Hyung Yoon, Tae Go, Kyung Kim, Yong Song, Dong Suh, Ki Kim
    Molecular and Clinical Oncology.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Updates in the 2024 Korean Thyroid Association Clinical Practice Guidelines for Differentiated Thyroid Cancer: from Diagnosis to Initial Treatment
    Eun Kyung Lee
    International Journal of Thyroidology.2024; 17(2): 259.     CrossRef
  • Determining risk‐adapted starting age and interval for breast cancer screening based on reproductive and hormonal factors
    Tung Hoang, Jeonghee Lee, So‐Youn Jung, Jeongseon Kim
    International Journal of Cancer.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • A Case Study of Korean Medicine in Treating Worsened Esophagitis Symptoms Following Anticancer Therapy in a Patient with Esophageal Cancer
    Eun-seo Kim, Soo-min Jo, Si-young Song, Geun-jeong Kim, Young-su Lee
    The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine.2024; 45(5): 895.     CrossRef
  • The Emerging Treatment of BCG (Bacillus Calmette-Guérin)-Unresponsive Non–Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer
    Jong Ho Park, Jong Jin Oh
    Journal of Urologic Oncology.2024; 22(3): 246.     CrossRef
  • Adherence to the Cancer Prevention Recommendations from World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research After Cancer Diagnosis on Mortality in South Korea
    Donghyun Won, Jeeyoo Lee, Sooyoung Cho, Ji Yoon Baek, Daehee Kang, Aesun Shin
    Nutrients.2024; 16(23): 4049.     CrossRef
  • Trends in Thyroid Cancer Mortality Rates in Korea: Insights from National Health Database
    Won Gu Kim
    Endocrinology and Metabolism.2024; 39(6): 853.     CrossRef
  • Impact of Early Oral Feeding on Postoperative Outcomes after Elective Colorectal Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
    Soo Young Lee, Eon Chul Han
    Digestive Surgery.2024; : 1.     CrossRef
  • Nationwide Incidence Trends of Pediatric Parotid Malignancy in Korea and a Retrospective Analysis of Single-Institution Surgical Experience of Parotidectomy
    Hyun Seong Kim, Seo Young Kim, Eun-Jae Chung, Seong Keun Kwon, Soon-Hyun Ahn, Yuh-Seog Jung, Jungirl Seok
    Korean Society of Head and Neck Oncology.2024; 40(2): 7.     CrossRef
  • Total gastrectomy patients had a lower diet volume and greater diet frequency than distal gastrectomy patients after 6 months
    Ye-Ji Kim, Sang-Ho Jeong, Eun-Jung Jung, Taejin Park, Jin-Kwon Lee, Tae-Han Kim, Young-Hye Kim, Jae-Seok Min, Miyeong Park, Young-Joon Lee
    Medicine.2024; 103(51): e40878.     CrossRef
  • Quality of life outcomes in terminal cancer patients attending regional cancer centers in South Korea: protocol for a prospective cohort study
    Jung hye Kwon, Jung Hun Kang, Jung-Sik Huh, Su-Jin Koh, Kyu-Hyoung Lim, Byungho Choi, Rock Bum Kim, Young Jin Choi, Eun-Kee Song, Hyun Woo Lee, Ye-Seul Kim, Se-Il Go, Hwan Jung Yun, Sun Jin Sym, Hyewon Ryu, Myung-won Lee
    BMC Cancer.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Beyond survival: a comprehensive review of quality of life in rectal cancer patients
    Won Beom Jung
    Annals of Coloproctology.2024; 40(6): 527.     CrossRef
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Prediction of Cancer Incidence and Mortality in Korea, 2024
Kyu-Won Jung, Mee Joo Kang, Eun Hye Park, E Hwa Yun, Hye-Jin Kim, Jeong-Eun Kim, Hyun-Joo Kong, Jeong-Soo Im, Hong Gwan Seo
Cancer Res Treat. 2024;56(2):372-379.   Published online March 11, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2024.252
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Purpose
This study aimed to report the projected cancer incidence and mortality for the year 2024 to estimate Korea’s current cancer burden.
Materials and Methods
Cancer incidence data from 1999 to 2021 were obtained from the Korea National Cancer Incidence Database, and cancer mortality data from 1993 to 2022 were acquired from Statistics Korea. Cancer incidence and mortality were projected by fitting a linear regression model to observed age-specific cancer rates against their respective years and multiplying the projected age-specific rates by the anticipated age-specific population for 2024. A joinpoint regression model was used to determine the year in which the linear trend changed significantly; we only used the data of the latest trend for prediction.
Results
In total, 292,221 new cancer cases and 83,770 cancer deaths are expected to occur in Korea in 2024. The most common cancer site is expected to be the thyroid, followed by the colon and rectum, lung, breast, and stomach. These five cancers are expected to represent 55.7% of the overall burden of cancer in Korea. The most common type of cancer leading to death is expected to be lung cancer, followed by liver, colorectal, pancreatic, and stomach cancers.
Conclusion
The age-standardized incidence rates for female breast and prostate cancers are estimated to continue to increase. These up-to-date estimates of the cancer burden in Korea could be an important resource for planning and evaluating cancer-control programs.

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  • Efficacy and safety of herbal medicine treatment on postsurgical recovery in gastric cancer patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis
    Soo-Dam Kim, Sook-Jin Pyo, Dong-Hyeon Kim, Hwa-Seung Yoo, So-Jung Park
    Medicine.2025; 104(1): e41034.     CrossRef
  • 2023 Update of the Korean Thyroid Association Guidelines for the Management of Thyroid Nodules
    Eun Kyung Lee, Young Joo Park
    Clinical Thyroidology®.2024; 36(4): 153.     CrossRef
  • The Role of Local Prostate and Metastasis-Directed Radiotherapy in the Treatment of Oligometastatic Prostate Cancer
    Seo Hee Choi, Seung-Hoon Beom, Young Deuk Choi, Won Sik Ham, Hyunho Han, Woong Kyu Han, Won Sik Jang, Seung Hwan Lee, Jaeho Cho
    Cancers.2024; 16(18): 3159.     CrossRef
  • Trend Analysis of Lung Cancer Incidence and Mortality in Xiamen (2011-2020)
    Jianni Cong, Jiahuang Chi, Junli Zeng, Yilan Lin
    Risk Management and Healthcare Policy.2024; Volume 17: 2375.     CrossRef
  • The Impact of the Dietary Inflammatory Index, Fasting Blood Glucose, and Smoking Status on the Incidence and Survival of Pancreatic Cancer: A Retrospective Case–Control Study and a Prospective Study
    Ga Hyun Lee, Yeon Hee Kim, Sang Myung Woo, Woo Jin Lee, Sung-Sik Han, Sang-Jae Park, Sherry Price, Penias Tembo, James R. Hébert, Mi Kyung Kim
    Nutrients.2024; 16(22): 3941.     CrossRef
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Original Articles
Hematologic malignancy
Feasibility of Circulating Tumor DNA Analysis in Patients with Follicular Lymphoma
Sang Eun Yoon, Seung-Ho Shin, Dae Keun Nam, Junhun Cho, Won Seog Kim, Seok Jin Kim
Cancer Res Treat. 2024;56(3):920-935.   Published online January 16, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2023.869
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReaderePub
Purpose
The feasibility of sequencing circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in plasma as a biomarker to predict early relapse or poor prognosis in patients with follicular lymphoma (FL) receiving systemic immunochemotherapy is not clear.
Materials and Methods
We sequenced DNA from cell-free plasma that was serially obtained from newly diagnosed FL patients undergoing systemic immunochemotherapy. The mutation profiles of ctDNA at the time of diagnosis and at response evaluation and relapse and/or progression were compared with clinical course and treatment outcomes.
Results
Forty samples from patients receiving rituximab-containing immunochemotherapy were analyzed. Baseline sequencing detected mutations in all cases, with the major detected mutations being KMT2C (50%), CREBBP (45%), and KMT2D (45%). The concentration of ctDNA and tumor mutation burden showed a significant association with survival outcome. In particular, the presence of mutations in CREBBP and TP53 showed poor prognosis compared with patients without them. Longitudinal analysis of ctDNA using serially collected plasma samples showed an association between persistence or reappearance of ctDNA mutations and disease relapse or progression.
Conclusion
Analysis of ctDNA mutations in plasma at diagnosis might help predict outcome of disease, while analysis during follow-up may help to monitor disease status of patients with advanced FL. However, the feasibility of ctDNA measurement must be improved in order for it to become an appropriate and clinically relevant test in FL patients.

Citations

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  • Feasibility of Circulating Tumor DNA Detection in the Cerebrospinal Fluid of Patients With Central Nervous System Involvement in Large B-Cell Lymphoma
    Seok Jin Kim, Jin Ju Kim, Mi Ri Park, Bon Park, Kyung Ju Ryu, Sang Eun Yoon, Won Seog Kim, Saeam Shin, Seung-Tae Lee
    Annals of Laboratory Medicine.2025; 45(1): 90.     CrossRef
  • Clinical applications of circulating tumor DNA in hematological malignancies: From past to the future
    Jun-Ying Li, Li-Ping Zuo, Jian Xu, Chun-Yan Sun
    Blood Reviews.2024; 68: 101237.     CrossRef
  • Molecular Biomarkers in Prediction of High-Grade Transformation and Outcome in Patients with Follicular Lymphoma: A Comprehensive Systemic Review
    Marie Hairing Enemark, Jonas Klejs Hemmingsen, Maja Lund Jensen, Robert Kridel, Maja Ludvigsen
    International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2024; 25(20): 11179.     CrossRef
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  • 165 Download
  • 2 Web of Science
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Lung and Thoracic cancer
Genomic Landscape of Pulmonary Sarcomatoid Carcinoma
Hyun Jung Kwon, Sejoon Lee, Yeon Bi Han, Jeonghyo Lee, Soohyeon Kwon, Hyojin Kim, Jin-Haeng Chung
Cancer Res Treat. 2024;56(2):442-454.   Published online November 14, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2023.764
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReaderePub
Purpose
Pulmonary sarcomatoid carcinoma (PSC) is a rare aggressive subtype of non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with limited therapeutic strategies. We attempted to elucidate the evolutionary trajectories of PSC using multiregional and longitudinal tumor samples.
Materials and Methods
A total of 31 patients were enrolled in this study and 11 longitudinal samples were available from them. Using whole exome sequencing data, we analyzed the mutational signatures in both carcinomatous and sarcomatous areas in primary tumors of the 31 patients and longitudinal samples obtained from 11 patients. Furthermore, digital droplet polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR), and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) immunohistochemistry using the Ventana SP263 assay were performed.
Results
TP53 was identified as the most frequently altered gene in the primary (74%) and metastatic (73%) samples. MET exon 14 skipping mutations, confirmed by ddPCR, and TP53 mutations were mutually exclusive; whereas, MET exon 14 skipping mutations frequently co-occurred with MDM2 amplification. Metastatic tumors showed dissimilar genetic profiles from either primary component. During metastasis, the signatures of APOBEC decreased in metastatic lesions compared with that in primary lesions. PSC showed higher MET and KEAP1 mutations and stronger PD-L1 protein expression compared with that recorded in other NSCLCs.
Conclusion
Decreased APOBEC signatures and subclonal diversity were detected during malignant progression in PSC. Frequent MET mutations and strong PD-L1 expression distinguished PSC from other NSCLCs. The aggressiveness and therapeutic difficulties of PSC were possibly attributable to profound intratumoral and intertumoral genetic diversity. Next-generation sequencing could suggest the appropriate treatment strategy for PSC.

Citations

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  • PD-L1 Expression and Its Modulating Factors in Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma
    Shipra Agarwal, Chan Kwon Jung, Pranitha Gaddam, Mitsuyoshi Hirokawa, Takuya Higashiyama, Jen-Fan Hang, Wei-An Lai, Somboon Keelawat, Zhiyan Liu, Hee Young Na, So Yeon Park, Junya Fukuoka, Shinya Satoh, Zhanna Mussazhanova, Masahiro Nakashima, Kennichi Ka
    American Journal of Surgical Pathology.2024; 48(10): 1233.     CrossRef
  • 3,466 View
  • 196 Download
  • 1 Web of Science
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Hematologic malignancy
Pembrolizumab for Patients with Relapsed or Refractory Extranodal NK/T-Cell Lymphoma in Korea
Ji Yun Lee, Ji Hyun Kwon, Joon Young Hur, Jun Ho Yi, Ji Hyun Lee, Hyungwoo Cho, Young Rok Do, Jae-Cheol Jo, Hye Jin Kang, Yougil Koh, Won Sik Lee, Sung Nam Lim, Sang Eun Yoon, Seok Jin Kim, Jeong-Ok Lee
Cancer Res Treat. 2024;56(2):681-687.   Published online November 10, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2023.1042
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Purpose
Programmed death-1 blockade with pembrolizumab has shown promising activity in relapsed/refractory (R/R) extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma (NKTCL), but studies are limited, with small patient numbers.
Materials and Methods
Thirteen institutes involved with the Consortium for Improving Survival of Lymphoma, a Korean lymphoma study group, collected the clinical data of 59 patients treated with pembrolizumab as salvage therapy between 2016 and 2022.
Results
The median age of the patients was 60 years (range, 22 to 87 years), and 76.3% had advanced Ann Abor stage disease. Pembrolizumab was given to 35.6%, 40.7%, and 23.7% of the patients as second-, third-, and fourth- or higher-line chemotherapy, respectively. The overall response rate was 40.7%, with 28.8% having complete response. The estimated 2-year progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival rates for all patients were 21.5% and 28.7%, respectively; for responders, the rates were 53.0% and 60.7%, respectively. Although not statistically significant, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status ≥ 2 (hazard ratio [HR], 1.91; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.93 to 3.94; p=0.078) and stage III or IV disease (HR, 2.59; 95% CI, 0.96 to 6.96; p=0.060) were associated with a trend toward shorter PFS in multivariate analysis. Grade 3 or 4 adverse events (AEs) were noted in 12 patients (20.3%); neutropenia (10.2%), fatigue (6.8%), and pneumonitis (5.1%) were most common AEs.
Conclusion
In conclusion, while pembrolizumab had a modest effect on patients with R/R NKTCL, it may be a useful salvage therapy for patients with localized disease and good performance status.

Citations

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  • An evaluation of sugemalimab for the treatment of relapsed or refractory extranodal natural killer T-cell lymphoma
    Yingfang Feng, Xia Liu, Jingwei Yu, Zheng Song, Lanfang Li, Lihua Qiu, Shiyong Zhou, Zhengzi Qian, Xianhuo Wang, Huilai Zhang
    Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy.2025; 25(1): 9.     CrossRef
  • Pembrolizumab

    Reactions Weekly.2024; 2025(1): 390.     CrossRef
  • 3,523 View
  • 202 Download
  • 1 Web of Science
  • 2 Crossref
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Gastrointestinal cancer
Risk Stratification of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Patients Undergoing Curative-Intent Surgery after Neoadjuvant Therapy
Hyun Kyung Yang, Mi-Suk Park, Kyunghwa Han, Geonsik Eom, Yong Eun Chung, Jin-Young Choi, Seungmin Bang, Chang Moo Kang, Jinsil Seong, Myeong-Jin Kim
Cancer Res Treat. 2024;56(1):247-258.   Published online August 22, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2023.586
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReaderePub
Purpose
Clinical prognostic criteria using preoperative factors were not developed for post–neoadjuvant therapy (NAT) surgery of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). We aimed to identify preoperative factors associated with overall survival (OS) in PDAC patients who underwent post-NAT curative-intent surgery and develop risk stratification criteria.
Materials and Methods
Consecutive PDAC patients who underwent post-NAT curative-intent surgeries between 2007 and 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. Demographic, laboratory, surgical, and histopathologic variables were collected. Baseline, preoperative, and interval changes of computed tomography (CT) findings proposed by the Society of Abdominal Radiology and the American Pancreatic Association were analyzed. Cox proportional hazard analysis was used to select preoperative variables associated with OS. We developed risk stratification criteria composed of the significant preoperative variables, i.e., post-NAT response criteria. We compared the discrimination performance of post-NAT response criteria with that of post-NAT pathological (yp) American Joint Cancer Committee TNM staging system.
Results
One hundred forty-five PDAC patients were included. Stable or increased tumor size on CT (hazard ratio [HR], 2.58; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.58 to 4.21; p < 0.001) and elevated preoperative carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) level (HR, 1.98; 95% CI, 1.11 to 3.55; p=0.021) were independent factors of OS. The OS of the patient groups stratified by post-NAT response criteria which combined changes in tumor size and CA19-9 showed significant difference (p < 0.001). Such stratification was comparable to ypTNM staging in discrimination performance (difference of C-index, 0.068; 95% CI, –0.012 to 0.142).
Conclusion
“Any degree of decrease in tumor size on CT” and CA19-9 normalization or staying normal were independent favorable factors of OS. The combination of the two factors discriminated OS comparably to ypTNM staging.
  • 2,867 View
  • 168 Download
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Breast cancer
Tumor Microenvironment Can Predict Chemotherapy Response of Patients with Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Receiving Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy
Dongjin Kim, Yeuni Yu, Ki Sun Jung, Yun Hak Kim, Jae-Joon Kim
Cancer Res Treat. 2024;56(1):162-177.   Published online July 24, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2023.330
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReaderePub
Purpose
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a breast cancer subtype that has poor prognosis and exhibits a unique tumor microenvironment. Analysis of the tumor microbiome has indicated a relationship between the tumor microenvironment and treatment response. Therefore, we attempted to reveal the role of the tumor microbiome in patients with TNBC receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
Materials and Methods
We collected TNBC patient RNA-sequencing samples from the Gene Expression Omnibus and extracted microbiome count data. Differential and relative abundance were estimated with linear discriminant analysis effect size. We calculated the immune cell fraction with CIBERSORTx and conducted survival analysis using the Cancer Genome Atlas patient data. Correlations between the microbiome and immune cell compositions were analyzed and a prediction model was constructed to estimate drug response.
Results
Among the pathological complete response group (pCR), the beta diversity varied considerably; consequently, 20 genera and 24 species were observed to express a significant differential and relative abundance. Pandoraea pulmonicola and Brucella melitensis were found to be important features in determining drug response. In correlation analysis, Geosporobacter ferrireducens, Streptococcus sanguinis, and resting natural killer cells were the most correlated factors in the pCR, whereas Nitrosospira briensis, Plantactinospora sp. BC1, and regulatory T cells were key features in the residual disease group.
Conclusion
Our study demonstrated that the microbiome analysis of tumor tissue can predict chemotherapy response of patients with TNBC. Further, the immunological tumor microenvironment may be impacted by the tumor microbiome, thereby affecting the corresponding survival and treatment response.

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  • Molecular Classification of Breast Cancer Using Weakly Supervised Learning
    Wooyoung Jang, Jonghyun Lee, Kyong Hwa Park, Aeree Kim, Sung Hak Lee, Sangjeong Ahn
    Cancer Research and Treatment.2025; 57(1): 116.     CrossRef
  • Shotgun Metagenomics Reveals Minor Micro“bee”omes Diversity Defining Differences between Larvae and Pupae Brood Combs
    Daniil Smutin, Amir Taldaev, Egor Lebedev, Leonid Adonin
    International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2024; 25(2): 741.     CrossRef
  • 3,995 View
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Hematologic malignancy
Efficacy of Salvage Treatments in Relapsed or Refractory Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma Including Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell Therapy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Jinchul Kim, Jinhyun Cho, Sang Eun Yoon, Won Seog Kim, Seok Jin Kim
Cancer Res Treat. 2023;55(3):1031-1047.   Published online March 13, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2022.1658
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReaderePub
Purpose
We intend to evaluate the efficacy of salvage treatments for relapsed or refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (R/R DLBCL) through meta-analysis.
Materials and Methods
R/R DLBCL trials were divided into two groups based on eligibility for autologous stem-cell transplantation (ASCT), and meta-analysis of each group was performed. Random effects models were used to estimate the 1-year progression-free survival (PFS) rate, and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy was used as reference treatment.
Results
Twenty-six ASCT-eligible cohorts from 17 studies comprising 2,924 patients and 59 ASCT-ineligible cohorts from 53 studies comprising 3,617 patients were included in the pooled analysis. In the ASCT-eligible group, the pooled 1-year PFS rate was 0.40 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.15 to 0.65) for the CAR T-cell group and 0.34 (95% CI, 0.30 to 0.37) for the group with chemotherapy followed by ASCT intention. The two treatments were not significantly different in meta-regression analysis. In the ASCT-ineligible group, the pooled 1-year PFS was 0.40 (95% CI, 0.35 to 0.46) for CAR T-cell, and the highest primary outcome was 0.47 (95% CI, 0.37 to 0.57) for the tafasitamab group. CAR T-cell therapy showed significantly better outcomes than chemotherapy and therapies based on ibrutinib, lenalidomide, and selinexor. However, loncastuximab, polatuzumab plus bendamustine and rituximab, and the tafasitamab group showed no different efficacy than CAR T-cell therapy after adjusting for median number of previous lines of treatment.
Conclusion
Although several regimens were crudely grouped for classification, CAR T-cell therapy did not outperform chemotherapy followed by ASCT in the second-line setting or several recently developed agents in the ASCT-ineligible setting.

Citations

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  • Efficacy and safety of polatuzumab-vedotin plus bendamustine and rituximab in patients with relapsed/refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis
    Hanzala Ahmed Farooqi, Muhammad Saffi Ullah, Ahmed Raza, Zain Sadiq, Wardah Ali Shaikh, Rahmah Muhammad, Muhammad Shoaib Hussain
    Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology.2025; 207: 104611.     CrossRef
  • Polatuzumab vedotin combined with bendamustine and rituximab for relapsed/refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: A systematic review protocol
    Mohammadreza Eslami, Mahdi Mehrabi, Mehrdad Payandeh, Fakhredin Saba, Chen Li
    PLOS ONE.2024; 19(8): e0308247.     CrossRef
  • Real-world effectiveness of chemoimmunotherapy and novel therapies for patients with relapsed/refractory aggressive large B-cell lymphoma
    Loretta J. Nastoupil, Clark R. Andersen, Amy Ayers, Yucai Wang, Thomas M. Habermann, Dai Chihara, Brad S. Kahl, Brian K. Link, Jean L. Koff, Jonathon B. Cohen, Peter Martin, Izidore S. Lossos, Michele Stanchina, Sara Haddadi, Carla Casulo, Sabarish Ayyapp
    Clinical Lymphoma Myeloma and Leukemia.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Clinical scoring systems, molecular subtypes and baseline [18F]FDG PET/CT image analysis for prognosis of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
    Zhuxu Sun, Tianshuo Yang, Chongyang Ding, Yuye Shi, Luyi Cheng, Qingshen Jia, Weijing Tao
    Cancer Imaging.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Targeting CD22 for B-cell hematologic malignancies
    Jia Xu, Wenjing Luo, Chenggong Li, Heng Mei
    Experimental Hematology & Oncology.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
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  • 647 Download
  • 3 Web of Science
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Gastrointestinal cancer
Intraindividual Comparison of MRIs with Extracellular and Hepatobiliary Contrast Agents for the Noninvasive Diagnosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Using the Korean Liver Cancer Association–National Cancer Center 2022 Criteria
Ja Kyung Yoon, Dai Hoon Han, Sunyoung Lee, Jin-Young Choi, Gi Hong Choi, Do Young Kim, Myeong-Jin Kim
Cancer Res Treat. 2023;55(3):939-947.   Published online February 10, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2022.1645
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReaderePub
Purpose
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the per-lesion sensitivity and specificity of the Korean Liver Cancer Association–National Cancer Center (KLCA-NCC) 2022 criteria for the noninvasive diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), with intraindividual comparison of the diagnostic performance of magnetic resonance imaging with extracellular agents (ECA-MRI) and hepatobiliary agents (HBA-MRI).
Materials and Methods
Patients at high risk for HCC who were referred to a tertiary academic institution for hepatic lesions with size ≥ 10 mm between July 2019 and June 2022 were enrolled. A total of 91 patients (mean age, 58.1 years; 76 men and 15 women) with 118 lesions who underwent both ECA-MRI and HBA-MRI were eligible for final analysis. The per-lesion sensitivities and specificities of the KLCA-NCC 2022 criteria using ECA-MRI and HBA-MRI were compared using McNemar’s test.
Results
The 118 lesions were 93 HCCs, 4 non-HCC malignancies, and 21 benign lesions. On HBA-MRI, the “definite” HCC category showed significantly higher sensitivity than ECA-MRI (78.5% vs. 58.1%, p < 0.001), with identical specificity (92.0% vs. 92.0%, p > 0.999). For “probable” or “definite” HCC categories, there were no differences in the sensitivity (84.9% vs. 84.9%, p > 0.999) and specificity (84.0% vs. 84.0%, p > 0.999) between ECA-MRI and HBA-MRI.
Conclusion
The “definite” HCC category of the KLCA-NCC 2022 criteria showed higher sensitivity in diagnosing HCC on HBA-MRI compared with ECA-MRI, without compromising specificity. There were no significant differences in the sensitivity and specificity of “probable” or “definite” HCC categories according to ECA-MRI and HBA-MRI.

Citations

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  • Intraindividual comparison of prognostic imaging features of HCCs between MRIs with extracellular and hepatobiliary contrast agents
    Ja Kyung Yoon, Dai Hoon Han, Sunyoung Lee, Jin‐Young Choi, Gi Hong Choi, Do Young Kim, Myeong‐Jin Kim
    Liver International.2024; 44(10): 2847.     CrossRef
  • 3,842 View
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Hematologic malignancy
Current Treatment Patterns and the Role of Upfront Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation in Patients with Peripheral T-Cell Lymphoma: A Korean Nationwide, Multicenter Prospective Registry Study (CISL 1404)
Hyungwoo Cho, Dok Hyun Yoon, Dong-Yeop Shin, Youngil Koh, Sung-Soo Yoon, Seok Jin Kim, Young Rok Do, Gyeong-Won Lee, Jae-Yong Kwak, Yong Park, Min Kyoung Kim, Hye Jin Kang, Jun Ho Yi, Kwai Han Yoo, Won Sik Lee, Byeong Bae Park, Jae Cheol Jo, Hyeon-Seok Eom, Hyo Jung Kim, Seong Hyun Jeong, Young-Woong Won, Byeong Seok Sohn, Ji-Hyun Kwon, Cheolwon Suh, Won Seog Kim
Cancer Res Treat. 2023;55(2):684-692.   Published online January 2, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2022.1434
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReaderePub
Purpose
We conducted a nationwide, multicenter, prospective registry study for newly diagnosed patients with peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) to better define the clinical characteristics, treatment patterns, survival outcomes, and the role of upfront autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) in these patients.
Materials and Methods
Patients with PTCL receiving chemotherapy with curative intent were registered and prospectively monitored. All patients were pathologically diagnosed with PTCL.
Results
A total of 191 patients with PTCL were enrolled in this prospective registry study. PTCL, not otherwise specified (PTCL-NOS) was the most common pathologic subtype (n=80, 41.9%), followed by angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL) (n=60, 31.4%). With a median follow-up duration of 3.9 years, the 3-year progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) rates were 39.5% and 60.4%, respectively. The role of upfront ASCT was evaluated in patients who were considered transplant-eligible (n=59). ASCT was performed as an upfront consolidative treatment in 32 (54.2%) of these patients. There were no significant differences in PFS and OS between the ASCT and non-ASCT groups for all patients (n=59) and for patients with PTCL-NOS (n=26). However, in patients with AITL, the ASCT group was associated with significantly better PFS than the non-ASCT group, although there was no significant difference in OS.
Conclusion
The current study demonstrated that the survival outcomes with the current treatment options remain poor for patients with PTCL-NOS. Upfront ASCT may provide a survival benefit for patients with AITL, but not PTCL-NOS.

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  • Successful Treatment, with Chemotherapy and Intravenous Administration of Ascorbic Acid, of a Patient with Peripheral T-Cell Lymphoma, Not Otherwise Specified
    Chiaki Tokoro, Atsushi Tashiro, Kenji Ina, Yoshiteru Tanaka, Hiroyuki Kobayakawa, Takashi Yoshida, Satoshi Kayukawa
    Journal of Cancer Research Updates.2024; 13: 1.     CrossRef
  • Role of upfront autologous transplant for peripheral T-cell lymphoma patients achieving a complete remission with first-line therapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis
    L. Girard, Y. J. Koh, L. P. Koh, Y. L. Chee, H. L. Chan, J. Lee, S. de Mel, L. M. Poon, M. Samuel
    Bone Marrow Transplantation.2024; 59(6): 838.     CrossRef
  • Angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma and correlated neoplasms with T-cell follicular helper phenotype: from molecular mechanisms to therapeutic advances
    Luís Alberto de Pádua Covas Lage, Hebert Fabricio Culler, Cadiele Oliana Reichert, Sheila Aparecida Coelho da Siqueira, Juliana Pereira
    Frontiers in Oncology.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Advances in the pathogenesis and therapeutic strategies of angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma
    Qingyang Zhang, Le Yin, Qinqiao Lai, Yan Zhao, Hongling Peng
    Clinical and Experimental Medicine.2023; 23(8): 4219.     CrossRef
  • 5,225 View
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Gastrointestinal cancer
Colonoscopic Screening and Risk of All-Cause and Colorectal Cancer Mortality in Young and Older Individuals
Jung Ah Lee, Yoosoo Chang, Yejin Kim, Dong-Il Park, Soo-Kyung Park, Hye Yin Park, Jaewoo Koh, Soo-Jin Lee, Seungho Ryu
Cancer Res Treat. 2023;55(2):618-625.   Published online September 19, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2022.852
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReaderePub
Purpose
The incidence of early-onset colorectal cancer (CRC) and associated mortality have been increasing. However, the potential benefits of CRC screening are largely unknown in young individuals. We aimed to evaluate the effect of CRC screening with colonoscopy on all-cause and CRC mortality among young (aged < 45 years) and older (aged ≥ 45 years) individuals.
Materials and Methods
This cohort study included 528,046 Korean adults free of cancer at baseline who underwent a comprehensive health examination. The colonoscopic screening group was defined as those who reported undergoing colonoscopy for CRC screening. Mortality follow-up until December 31, 2019 was ascertained based on nationwide death certificate data from the Korea National Statistical Office.
Results
Colonoscopic screening was associated with a lower risk of all-cause mortality in both young and older individuals. Multivariable-adjusted time-dependent hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) for all-cause mortality comparing ever- to never-screening were 0.86 (0.75-0.99) for young individuals and 0.71 (0.65-0.78) for older individuals. Colonoscopic screenings were also associated with a reduced risk of CRC mortality without significant interaction by age, although this association was significant only among participants aged ≥ 45 years, with corresponding time-dependent hazard ratios of 0.47 (0.15-1.44) for young individuals and 0.52 (0.31-0.87) for those aged ≥ 45 years.
Conclusion
Colonoscopic CRC screening decreased all-cause mortality among both young and older individuals, while significantly decreased CRC mortality was observed only in those aged ≥ 45 years. Screening initiation at an earlier age warrants more rigorous confirmatory studies.

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  • Effect of screening mammography on the risk of breast cancer deaths and of all-cause deaths: a systematic review with meta-analysis of cohort studies
    Philippe Autier, Karsten Juhl Jørgensen, Michel Smans, Henrik Støvring
    Journal of Clinical Epidemiology.2024; 172: 111426.     CrossRef
  • Identifying Gaps in Early-Onset Colorectal Cancer Prevention, Screening, and Treatment in the Philippines
    Luis Miguel B. Co, Robyn Gayle K. Dychiao, Michael Paolo R. Capistrano, Manolito T. Tayag, Erika P. Ong, Frances Dominique V. Ho, Michelle Ann B. Eala, Henri Cartier Co, Edward Christopher Dee, Marie Dione P. Sacdalan, Dennis L. Sacdalan
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    Ji Young Lee, Jae Myung Cha, Jin Young Yoon, Min Seob Kwak, Hun Hee Lee
    Endoscopy.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Rising incidence and impact of early‐onset colorectal cancer in the Asia‐Pacific with higher mortality in females from Southeast Asia: a global burden analysis from 2010 to 2019
    Pojsakorn Danpanichkul, Pinyada Moolkaew, Yatawee Kanjanakot, Natchaya Polpichai, Aunchalee Jaroenlapnopparat, Donghee Kim, Frank J. Lukens, Wahid Wassef, Michael B. Fallon, Vincent L. Chen, Rashid Lui, Karn Wijarnpreecha
    Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology.2023; 38(12): 2053.     CrossRef
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Hematologic malignancy
Outcomes in Refractory Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma: Results from Two Prospective Korean Cohorts
Jun Ho Yi, Seong Hyun Jeong, Seok Jin Kim, Dok Hyun Yoon, Hye Jin Kang, Youngil Koh, Jin Seok Kim, Won-Sik Lee, Deok-Hwan Yang, Young Rok Do, Min Kyoung Kim, Kwai Han Yoo, Yoon Seok Choi, Whan Jung Yun, Yong Park, Jae-Cheol Jo, Hyeon-Seok Eom, Jae-Yong Kwak, Ho-Jin Shin, Byeong Bae Park, Seong Yoon Yi, Ji-Hyun Kwon, Sung Yong Oh, Hyo Jung Kim, Byeong Seok Sohn, Jong Ho Won, Dae-Sik Hong, Ho-Sup Lee, Gyeong-Won Lee, Cheolwon Suh, Won Seog Kim
Cancer Res Treat. 2023;55(1):325-333.   Published online April 22, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2022.008
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Purpose
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common hematologic malignancy worldwide. Although substantial improvement has been achieved by the frontline rituximab-based chemoimmunotherapy, up to 40%-50% of patients will eventually have relapsed or refractory disease, whose prognosis is extremely dismal.
Materials and Methods
We have carried out two prospective cohort studies that include over 1,500 DLBCL patients treated with rituximab plus CHOP (#NCT01202448 and #NCT02474550). In the current report, we describe the outcomes of refractory DLBCL patients. Patients were defined to have refractory DLBCL if they met one of the followings, not achieving at least partial response after 4 or more cycles of R-CHOP; not achieving at least partial response after 2 or more cycles of salvage therapy; progressive disease within 12 months after autologous stem cell transplantation.
Results
Among 1,581 patients, a total of 260 patients met the criteria for the refractory disease after a median time to progression of 9.1 months. The objective response rate of salvage treatment was 26.4%, and the complete response rate was 9.6%. The median overall survival (OS) was 7.5 months (95% confidence interval, 6.4 to 8.6), and the 2-year survival rate was 22.1%±2.8%. The median OS for each refractory category was not significantly different (p=0.529).
Conclusion
In line with the previous studies, the outcomes of refractory DLBCL patients were extremely poor, which necessitates novel approaches for this population.

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  • Recent advances in cellular immunotherapy for lymphoid malignancies
    Haerim Chung, Hyunsoo Cho
    Blood Research.2023; 58(4): 166.     CrossRef
  • Sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor, a new therapeutic direction in different diseases
    Hongyu Chen, Junmin Wang, Caiyun Zhang, Peilun Ding, Shuxia Tian, Junming Chen, Guang Ji, Tao Wu
    Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy.2022; 153: 113341.     CrossRef
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A New Prognostic Index for Extranodal Natural Killer/T-Cell Lymphoma:Incorporation of Serum β-2 Microglobulin to PINK
Sora Kang, Hyungwoo Cho, Shin Kim, Kyoungmin Lee, Eun Hee Kang, Jung Sun Park, Yoon Sei Lee, Chan-Sik Park, Heounjeong Go, Jooryung Huh, Jin Sook Ryu, Sang-Wook Lee, Seok Jin Kim, Won Seog Kim, Sang Eun Yoon, Young Hyeh Ko, Cheolwon Suh
Cancer Res Treat. 2023;55(1):314-324.   Published online March 31, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2022.015
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReaderePub
Purpose
Prognostic Index for Natural Killer Lymphoma (PINK) is the most widely accepted prognostic model for patients withextranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma (ENKTL) treated with non-anthracycline–based therapy. We aimed to evaluate the prognostic implications of serum β-2 microglobulin (β2M) in the context of PINK and proposed a new prognostic model.
Materials and Methods
A total of 138 patients who were newly diagnosed with ENKTL and treated with non-anthracycline-based chemotherapy were identified. The cut-off value of high serum β2M was calculated by maximal-chi square methods (4.1 mg/L). A new prognostic model incorporating serum β2M into PINK was proposed and validated in an independent validation cohort (n=88).
Results
The patients’ median age was 53.5 years (range, 19 to 80 years). Patients with high serum β2M levels had significantly worse overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). In multivariate analysis, high serum β2M was an independent adverse prognostic factor for OS. A new PINK-B (Prognostic Index for Natural Killer Lymphoma-serum β-2 microglobulin) model stratifiedpatients into three groups with distinct OS and PFS in the training cohort (3-year OS, 84.1% [95% confidence interval, 75.1 to 94.2], 46.8% [36.1 to 60.8] and 17.6% [6.3 to 49.2] for the low-, intermediate, and high-risk groups, respectively; 3-year PFS, 70.6% [59.4 to 83.8], 35.9% [25.9 to 49.8], and 7.35% [1.1 to 46.7] for the low-, intermediate-, and high-risk groups, respectively). The PINK-B model was further validated in an independent cohort.
Conclusion
Serum β2M is an independent prognostic factor for ENKTL patients. The new serum β2M-based prognostic model may be useful for identifying ultra-high-risk patients, and it can easily be adopted into daily clinical practice.

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  • Elevated serum IL-6 and total IgEAb are associated with poor survival in natural killer/T-cell lymphoma
    Yun Hui, Yingjun Gao, Jiawei Li, Qingtao Kong, Yuanyuan Duan, Haibo Liu, Fang Liu, Hong Sang
    Annals of Hematology.2024; 103(4): 1285.     CrossRef
  • Prognostic Impact of Serum β2-Microglobulin Levels in Hodgkin Lymphoma Treated with ABVD or Equivalent Regimens: A Comprehensive Analysis of 915 Patients
    Theodoros P. Vassilakopoulos, Maria Arapaki, Panagiotis T. Diamantopoulos, Athanasios Liaskas, Fotios Panitsas, Marina P. Siakantaris, Maria Dimou, Styliani I. Kokoris, Sotirios Sachanas, Marina Belia, Chrysovalantou Chatzidimitriou, Elianna A. Konstantin
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  • Prognostic Value of18F-FDG PET/CT Radiomics in Extranodal Nasal-Type NK/T Cell Lymphoma
    Yu Luo, Zhun Huang, Zihan Gao, Bingbing Wang, Yanwei Zhang, Yan Bai, Qingxia Wu, Meiyun Wang
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  • A novel prognostic index for extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma in the era of pegaspargase/L-asparaginase
    Ziyuan Shen, Xudong Zhang, Yujie Li, Xicheng Chen, Xing Xing, Hao Zhang, Jingjing Ye, Ling Wang, Tao Jia, Taigang Zhu, Yuqing Miao, Chunling Wang, Hui Liu, Liang Wang, Wei Sang
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Special Article
Cancer Statistics in Korea: Incidence, Mortality, Survival, and Prevalence in 2019
Mee Joo Kang, Young-Joo Won, Jae Jun Lee, Kyu-Won Jung, Hye-Jin Kim, Hyun-Joo Kong, Jeong-Soo Im, Hong Gwan Seo, The Community of Population-Based Regional Cancer Registries
Cancer Res Treat. 2022;54(2):330-344.   Published online March 16, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2022.128
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReaderePub
Purpose
The current study provides national cancer statistics and their secular trends in Korea, including incidence, mortality, survival, and prevalence in 2019.
Materials and Methods
Incidence, survival, and prevalence rates of cancer were calculated using the Korea National Cancer Incidence Database, from 1999 to 2019, with survival follow-up until December 31, 2020. Deaths from cancer were assessed using causes-of-death data obtained from Statistics Korea.
Results
In 2019, newly diagnosed cancer cases and deaths from cancer were reported as 254,718 (ASR, 275.4 per 100,000) and 81,203 (ASR, 72.2 per 100,000), respectively. For the first time, lung cancer (n=29,960) became the most frequent cancer in Korea, excluding thyroid cancer. The overall cancer incidence rates increased by 3.3% annually from 1999 to 2012, and decreased by 5.3% annually from 2012 to 2015, thereafter, followed by nonsignificant changes. The incidence of thyroid cancer increased again from 2016 (annual percentage change, 6.2%). Cancer mortality rates have been decreasing since 2002, with more rapid decline in recent years (annual decrease of 2.7% from 2002 to 2013; 3.3% from 2013 to 2019). The 5-year relative survival between 2015 and 2019 was 70.7%, which contributed to prevalent cases reaching over 2 million in 2019.
Conclusion
Cancer survival rates have improved over the past decades, but the number of newly diagnosed cancers is still increasing, with some cancers showing only marginal improvement in survival outcomes. As the number of cancer survivors increases, a comprehensive cancer control strategy should be implemented in line with the changing aspects of cancer statistics.

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Original Articles
Hematologic malignancy
Circulating Tumor DNA–Based Genotyping and Monitoring for Predicting Disease Relapses of Patients with Peripheral T-Cell Lymphomas
Seok Jin Kim, Yeon Jeong Kim, Sang Eun Yoon, Kyung Ju Ryu, Bon Park, Donghyun Park, Duck Cho, Hyun-Young Kim, Junhun Cho, Young Hyeh Ko, Woong-Yang Park, Won Seog Kim
Cancer Res Treat. 2023;55(1):291-303.   Published online March 2, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2022.017
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReaderePub
Purpose
Plasma circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) could reflect the genetic alterations present in tumor tissues. However, there is little information about the clinical relevance of cell-free DNA genotyping in peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL).
Materials and Methods
After targeted sequencing plasma cell-free DNA of patients with various subtypes of PTCL (n=94), we analyzed the mutation profiles of plasma ctDNA samples and their predictive value of dynamic ctDNA monitoring for treatment outcomes.
Results
Plasma ctDNA mutations were detected in 53 patients (56%, 53/94), and the detection rate of somatic mutations was highest in angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (24/31, 77%) and PTCL, not otherwise specified (18/29, 62.1%). Somatic mutations were detected in 51 of 66 genes that were sequenced, including the following top 10 ranked genes: RHOA, CREBBP, KMT2D, TP53, IDH2, ALK, MEF2B, SOCS1, CARD11, and KRAS. In the longitudinal assessment of ctDNA mutation, the difference in ctDNA mutation volume after treatment showed a significant correlation with disease relapse or progression. Thus, a ≥ 1.5-log decrease in genome equivalent (GE) between baseline and the end of treatment showed a significant association with better survival outcomes than a < 1.5-log decrease in GE.
Conclusion
Our results suggest the clinical relevance of plasma ctDNA analysis in patients with PTCL. However, our findings should be validated by a subsequent study with a larger study population and using a broader gene panel.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Feasibility of Circulating Tumor DNA Detection in the Cerebrospinal Fluid of Patients With Central Nervous System Involvement in Large B-Cell Lymphoma
    Seok Jin Kim, Jin Ju Kim, Mi Ri Park, Bon Park, Kyung Ju Ryu, Sang Eun Yoon, Won Seog Kim, Saeam Shin, Seung-Tae Lee
    Annals of Laboratory Medicine.2025; 45(1): 90.     CrossRef
  • Liquid biopsy in T-cell lymphoma: biomarker detection techniques and clinical application
    Zongyao Huang, Yao Fu, Hong Yang, Yehan Zhou, Min Shi, Qingyun Li, Weiping Liu, Junheng Liang, Liuqing Zhu, Sheng Qin, Huangming Hong, Yang Liu
    Molecular Cancer.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Feasibility of Circulating Tumor DNA Analysis in Patients with Follicular Lymphoma
    Sang Eun Yoon, Seung-Ho Shin, Dae Keun Nam, Junhun Cho, Won Seog Kim, Seok Jin Kim
    Cancer Research and Treatment.2024; 56(3): 920.     CrossRef
  • Minimal residual disease detection in lymphoma: methods, procedures and clinical significance
    Sijun Zhang, Xiangyu Wang, Zhenzhen Yang, Mengjie Ding, Mingzhi Zhang, Ken H. Young, Xudong Zhang
    Frontiers in Immunology.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Clinical applications of circulating tumor DNA in hematological malignancies: From past to the future
    Jun-Ying Li, Li-Ping Zuo, Jian Xu, Chun-Yan Sun
    Blood Reviews.2024; 68: 101237.     CrossRef
  • Clinical use of circulating tumor DNA analysis in patients with lymphoma
    Bettina Bisig, Karine Lefort, Sylvain Carras, Laurence de Leval
    Human Pathology.2024; : 105679.     CrossRef
  • A practical approach to the modern diagnosis and classification of T- and NK-cell lymphomas
    Laurence de Leval, Philippe Gaulard, Ahmet Dogan
    Blood.2024; 144(18): 1855.     CrossRef
  • In-depth circulating tumor DNA sequencing for prognostication and monitoring in natural killer/T-cell lymphomas
    Jin Ju Kim, Hyun-Young Kim, Zisun Choi, So yoon Hwang, Hansol Jeong, Jong Rak Choi, Sang Eun Yoon, Won Seog Kim, Sun-Hee Kim, Hee-Jin Kim, Sang-Yong Shin, Seung-Tae Lee, Seok Jin Kim
    Frontiers in Oncology.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Yu-Jia Huo, Wei-Li Zhao
    Seminars in Hematology.2023; 60(3): 173.     CrossRef
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    Margarita Sánchez-Beato, Miriam Méndez, María Guirado, Lucía Pedrosa, Silvia Sequero, Natalia Yanguas-Casás, Luis de la Cruz-Merino, Laura Gálvez, Marta Llanos, Juan Fernando García, Mariano Provencio
    Clinical and Translational Oncology.2023; 26(5): 1043.     CrossRef
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Pegfilgrastim Prophylaxis Is Effective in the Prevention of Febrile Neutropenia and Reduces Mortality in Patients Aged ≥ 75 Years with Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma Treated with R-CHOP: A Prospective Cohort Study
Seong Hyun Jeong, Seok Jin Kim, Dok Hyun Yoon, Yong Park, Hye Jin Kang, Youngil Koh, Gyeong-Won Lee, Won-Sik Lee, Deok-Hwan Yang, Young Rok Do, Min Kyoung Kim, Kwai Han Yoo, Yoon Seok Choi, Hwan Jung Yun, Jun Ho Yi, Jae-Cheol Jo, Hyeon-Seok Eom, Jae-Yong Kwak, Ho-Jin Shin, Byeong Bae Park, Shin Young Hyun, Seong Yoon Yi, Ji-Hyun Kwon, Sung Yong Oh, Hyo Jung Kim, Byeong Seok Sohn, Jong Ho Won, Se-Hyung Kim, Ho-Sup Lee, Cheolwon Suh, Won Seog Kim
Cancer Res Treat. 2022;54(4):1268-1277.   Published online December 30, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2021.1168
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReaderePub
Purpose
Febrile neutropenia (FN) can cause suboptimal treatment and treatment-related mortality (TRM) in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) patients treated with rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisolone (R-CHOP).
Materials and methods
We conducted a prospective cohort study to evaluate the effectiveness of pegfilgrastim prophylaxis in DLBCL patients receiving R-CHOP, and we compared them with the PROCESS cohort (n=485).
Results
Since January 2015, 986 patients with DLBCL were enrolled. Pegfilgrastim was administered at least once in 930 patients (94.3%), covering 90.3% of all cycles. FN developed in 137 patients (13.9%) in this cohort (23.7% in the PROCESS cohort, p<0.001), and 4.2% of all cycles (10.2% in the PROCESS cohort, p<0.001). Dose delay was less common (≥3 days: 18.1% vs. 23.7%, p=0.015; ≥5 days: 12.0% vs. 18.3%, p=0.023) in this cohort than in the PROCESS cohort. The incidence of TRM (3.2% vs. 5.6%, p=0.047) and infection-related death (1.8% vs. 4.5%, p=0.004) was lower in this cohort than in the PROCESS cohort. The 4-year overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) rates of the two cohorts were not different (OS: 73.0% vs. 71.9%, p=0.545; PFS: 69.5% vs. 68.8%, p=0.616). However, in patients aged ≥75 years, the 4-year OS and PFS rates were higher in this cohort than in the PROCESS cohort (OS: 49.6% vs. 33.7%, p=0.032; PFS: 44.2% vs. 30.3% p=0.047).
Conclusion
Pegfilgrastim prophylaxis is effective in the prevention of FN and infection-related death in DLBCL patients receiving R-CHOP, and it also improves OS in patients aged ≥75 years.
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Lung and Thoracic cancer
A Phase I/IIa Randomized Trial Evaluating the Safety and Efficacy of SNK01 Plus Pembrolizumab in Patients with Stage IV Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Eo Jin Kim, Yong-Hee Cho, Dong Ha Kim, Dae-Hyun Ko, Eun-Ju Do, Sang-Yeob Kim, Yong Man Kim, Jae Seob Jung, Yoonmi Kang, Wonjun Ji, Myeong Geun Choi, Jae Cheol Lee, Jin Kyung Rho, Chang-Min Choi
Cancer Res Treat. 2022;54(4):1005-1016.   Published online December 3, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2021.986
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReaderePub
Purpose
The aim of this study is to evaluate the safety and efficacy of ex vivo activated and expanded natural killer (NK) cell therapy (SNK01) plus pembrolizumab in a randomized phase I/IIa clinical trial.
Materials and Methods
Overall, 18 patients with advanced non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and a programmed death ligand 1 tumor proportion score of 1% or greater who had a history of failed frontline platinum-based therapy were randomized (2:1) to receive pembrolizumab every 3 weeks +/– 6 weekly infusions of SNK01 at either 2×109 or 4×109 cells per infusion (pembrolizumab monotherapy vs. SNK01 combination). The primary endpoint was safety, whereas the secondary endpoints were the objective response rate (ORR), progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival, and quality of life.
Results
Since no dose-limiting toxicity was observed, the maximum tolerated dose was determined as SNK01 4×109 cells/dose. The safety data did not show any new safety signals when SNK01 was combined with pembrolizumab. The ORR and the 1-year survival rate in the NK combination group were higher than those in patients who underwent pembrolizumab monotherapy (ORR, 41.7% vs. 0%; 1-year survival rate, 66.7% vs. 50.0%). Furthermore, the median PFS was higher in the SNK01 combination group (6.2 months vs. 1.6 months, p=0.001).
Conclusion
Based on the findings of this study, the NK cell combination therapy may consider as a safe treatment method for stage IV NSCLC patients who had a history of failed platinum-based therapy without an increase in adverse events.

Citations

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  • Safety and efficacy of SNK01 (autologous natural killer cells) in combination with cytotoxic chemotherapy and/or cetuximab after failure of prior tyrosine kinase inhibitor in non-small cell lung cancer: non-clinical mouse model and phase I/IIa clinical st
    Myeong Geun Choi, Gun Woo Son, Mi Young Choi, Jae Seob Jung, Jin Kyung Rho, Wonjun Ji, Byeong Gon Yoon, Jong-Min Jo, Yong Man Kim, Dae-Hyun Ko, Jae Cheol Lee, Chang-Min Choi
    Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer.2024; 12(3): e008585.     CrossRef
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    Jaya Lakshmi Thangaraj, Michael Coffey, Edith Lopez, Dan S. Kaufman
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    Xin Su, Jian Li, Xiao Xu, Youbao Ye, Cailiu Wang, Guanglong Pang, Wenxiu Liu, Ang Liu, Changchun Zhao, Xiangyong Hao
    Journal of Translational Medicine.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Raj Kumar, Romi Gupta
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    Heesook Park, Gyurin Kim, Najin Kim, Sungyoen Ha, Hyeonwoo Yim
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    Martina Imbimbo, Laureline Wetterwald, Alex Friedlaender, Kaushal Parikh, Alfredo Addeo
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    Sara Witting Christensen Wen, Line Nederby, Rikke Fredslund Andersen, Torben Schjødt Hansen, Christa Haugaard Nyhus, Ole Hilberg, Anders Jakobsen, Torben Frøstrup Hansen
    British Journal of Cancer.2023; 129(1): 135.     CrossRef
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    Shoubao Ma, Michael A. Caligiuri, Jianhua Yu
    Cancer Research.2023; 83(20): 3327.     CrossRef
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    Xin Chen, Lei Jiang, Xuesong Liu
    Frontiers in Immunology.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
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Hematologic malignancy
Plasma Circulating Tumor DNA in Patients with Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma
Sang Eun Yoon, Yeon Jeong Kim, Joon Ho Shim, Donghyun Park, Junhun Cho, Young Hyeh Ko, Woong-Yang Park, Yeung-Chul Mun, Kyoung Eun Lee, Duck Cho, Won Seog Kim, Seok Jin Kim
Cancer Res Treat. 2022;54(2):597-612.   Published online July 23, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2021.752
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReaderePub
Purpose
Analysis of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in blood could allow noninvasive genetic analysis of primary tumors. Although there have been unmet needs for noninvasive methods in patients with primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL), it is still not determined whether plasma ctDNA analysis could be useful for patients with PCNSL.
Materials and Methods
Targeted deep sequencing of 54 genes was performed in cell-free DNA isolated from plasma samples collected pretreatment, during treatment, and at the end of treatment in 42 consecutively diagnosed PCNSL patients between January 2017 and December 2018.
Results
Targeted sequencing of plasma cell-free DNA detected somatic mutations representing ctDNA in 11 cases (11/41, 27%). The detection of ctDNA was not related to the concentration of cell-free DNA or tumor volume. The mutation profiles of these 11 cases varied between patients. The most frequently mutated gene was PIM1 (4/11, 36.4%), whereas KMT2D, PIK3CA, and MYD88 were each observed in three patients (3/11, 27%). The mutations of 13 genes were concordantly found in primary tumor tissue and plasma ctDNA, giving a detection sensitivity of 45%. During the serial tracking of seven patients with complete response, the disappearance of ctDNA mutations was found in four patients, whereas three patients had detected ctDNA mutation at the end of treatment.
Conclusion
The plasma ctDNA mutation analysis still has limited value for surveillance and predicting treatment outcomes of PCNSL because the detection efficiency was lower than other systemic lymphomas. Thus, analytical platforms should be improved to overcome anatomical hurdles associated with PCNSL.

Citations

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  • Feasibility of Circulating Tumor DNA Detection in the Cerebrospinal Fluid of Patients With Central Nervous System Involvement in Large B-Cell Lymphoma
    Seok Jin Kim, Jin Ju Kim, Mi Ri Park, Bon Park, Kyung Ju Ryu, Sang Eun Yoon, Won Seog Kim, Saeam Shin, Seung-Tae Lee
    Annals of Laboratory Medicine.2025; 45(1): 90.     CrossRef
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    Yujie Zhong, Geok Wee Tan, Johanna Bult, Nick Veltmaat, Wouter Plattel, Joost Kluiver, Roelien Enting, Arjan Diepstra, Anke van den Berg, Marcel Nijland
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    Jurik A. Mutter, Stefan K. Alig, Mohammad S. Esfahani, Eliza M. Lauer, Jan Mitschke, David M. Kurtz, Julia Kühn, Sabine Bleul, Mari Olsen, Chih Long Liu, Michael C. Jin, Charles W. Macaulay, Nicolas Neidert, Timo Volk, Michel Eisenblaetter, Sebastian Raue
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    Gloria Figaredo, Alejandro Martín-Muñoz, Santiago Barrio, Laura Parrilla, Yolanda Campos-Martín, María Poza, Laura Rufián, Patrocinio Algara, Marina De La Torre, Ana Jiménez Ubieto, Joaquín Martínez-López, Luis-Felipe Casado, Manuela Mollejo
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