Cancer Research and Treatment

Original Articles

Role of Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation in Transplant-Eligible Dialysis-Dependent Multiple Myeloma Patients: Myungwon Lee, Chang-Ki Min, Ho-Young Yhim, Dok Hyun Yoon, Sang Min Lee, Ho-jin Shin, Jae-Cheol Jo, Jongheon Jung, Yundeok Kim, Jae Hoon Lee, Ji Hyun Lee, Sunghyun Kim, Sung-Hoon Jung, Kihyun Kim; Received May 29, 2026 Accepted August 12, 2026 Published online August 13, 2026; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2026.0585 [Accepted]

Abstract PDF: Purpose
The role of autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) in transplant-eligible patients with dialysis-dependent multiple myeloma (DDMM) remains unclear. We compared outcomes between ASCT and non-ASCT approaches in newly diagnosed DDMM.
Materials and Methods
In this multicenter retrospective study, 117 patients with newly diagnosed DDMM who remained dialysis-dependent throughout induction therapy were included. Patients who achieved dialysis independence during induction were excluded. In the ASCT group, patients also remained dialysis-dependent at transplantation.
Results
Post-induction overall response and ≥VGPR rates were comparable between groups. In the ASCT group, responses deepened significantly after transplantation. Among 53 paired-evaluable patients, ≥CR increased from 18.9% before ASCT to 60.4% after ASCT, while ≥VGPR from 52.8% to 83.0%; 67.9% experienced response deepening. In diagnosis-anchored analyses, ASCT was associated with significantly longer progression-free survival (PFS) (median, 39.4 vs. 12.1 months; p<0.001) and overall survival (OS) (median, 71.4 vs. 40.3 months; p=0.020); however, when ASCT was modeled as a time-dependent covariate and adjusted for baseline covariates, neither PFS (HR, 0.63; p=0.122) nor OS (HR, 0.78; p=0.463) remained statistically significant, indicating that the apparent survival advantage should be regarded as hypothesis-generating. Early post-transplant mortality was 5.5%, and non-relapse mortality was 3.6%. Durable dialysis discontinuation occurred in 16.4% and 12.9% of the ASCT and non-ASCT groups, respectively (p=0.611).
Conclusion
In transplant-eligible patients with DDMM, ASCT was feasible and was associated with substantial deepening of response. After accounting for immortal time bias, the apparent survival advantage was attenuated and should be regarded as hypothesis-generating, warranting confirmation in prospective studies.

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Hematologic malignancy

Nation-Wide Retrospective Analysis of Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation in Patients with Multiple Myeloma: A Study from Korean Multiple Myeloma Working Party (KMM1913): Ho-Jin Shin, Do-Young Kim, Kihyun Kim, Chang-Ki Min, Je-Jung Lee, Yeung-Chul Mun, Won-Sik Lee, Sung-Nam Lim, Jin Seok Kim, Joon Ho Moon, Da Jung Kim, Soo-Mee Bang, Jong-Ho Won, Jae-Cheol Jo, Young Il Koh; Cancer Res Treat. 2024;56(3):956-966. Published online March 4, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2024.074

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Purpose
The role of allogeneic stem cell transplantation (alloSCT) in multiple myeloma (MM) treatment remains controversial. We conducted a retrospective, multicenter, nationwide study in Korea to evaluate the outcomes of alloSCT in Asian patients with MM.
Materials and Methods
Overall, 109 patients with MM who underwent alloSCT between 2003 and 2020 were included in this study. Data were collected from the Korean Multiple Myeloma Working Party Registry.
Results
The overall response rate and stringent complete response plus complete response (CR) rates were 67.0 and 46.8%, respectively, after alloSCT. At a median follow-up of 32.5 months, the 3-year probability of progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) rates were 69.3% and 71.8%, respectively. The 3-year probabilities of OS rates in the upfront alloSCT, tandem auto-alloSCT, and later alloSCT groups were 75.0%, 88.9%, and 61.1%, respectively. Patients who achieved CR before or after alloSCT had significantly longer OS (89.8 vs. 18 months and 89.8 vs. 15.2 months, respectively). Even though patients who did not achieve CR prior to alloSCT, those who achieve CR after alloSCT had improved PFS and OS compared to those who had no achievement of CR both prior and after alloSCT. Patients who underwent alloSCT with 1-2 prior treatment lines had improved PFS (22.4 vs. 4.5 months) and OS (45.6 vs. 15.3 months) compared to those with three or more prior treatment lines.
Conclusion
AlloSCT may be a promising therapeutic option especially for younger, chemosensitive patients with earlier implementation from relapse.

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Prognostic factors and treatment outcomes of allogeneic stem cell transplantation in lymphoid malignancy
Hyungsoon Kim, Haerim Chung, Hye Won Kook, Soo-Jeong Kim, Yu Ri Kim, Hyunsoo Cho, June-Won Cheong
Blood Research.2025;[Epub] CrossRef

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Pembrolizumab for Patients with Relapsed or Refractory Extranodal NK/T-Cell Lymphoma in Korea: Ji Yun Lee, Ji Hyun Kwon, Joon Young Hur, Jun Ho Yi, Ji Hyun Lee, Hyungwoo Cho, Young Rok Do, Jae-Cheol Jo, Hye Jin Kang, Yougil Koh, Won Sik Lee, Sung Nam Lim, Sang Eun Yoon, Seok Jin Kim, Jeong-Ok Lee; Cancer Res Treat. 2024;56(2):681-687. Published online November 10, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2023.1042

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Purpose
Programmed death-1 blockade with pembrolizumab has shown promising activity in relapsed/refractory (R/R) extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma (NKTCL), but studies are limited, with small patient numbers.
Materials and Methods
Thirteen institutes involved with the Consortium for Improving Survival of Lymphoma, a Korean lymphoma study group, collected the clinical data of 59 patients treated with pembrolizumab as salvage therapy between 2016 and 2022.
Results
The median age of the patients was 60 years (range, 22 to 87 years), and 76.3% had advanced Ann Abor stage disease. Pembrolizumab was given to 35.6%, 40.7%, and 23.7% of the patients as second-, third-, and fourth- or higher-line chemotherapy, respectively. The overall response rate was 40.7%, with 28.8% having complete response. The estimated 2-year progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival rates for all patients were 21.5% and 28.7%, respectively; for responders, the rates were 53.0% and 60.7%, respectively. Although not statistically significant, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status ≥ 2 (hazard ratio [HR], 1.91; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.93 to 3.94; p=0.078) and stage III or IV disease (HR, 2.59; 95% CI, 0.96 to 6.96; p=0.060) were associated with a trend toward shorter PFS in multivariate analysis. Grade 3 or 4 adverse events (AEs) were noted in 12 patients (20.3%); neutropenia (10.2%), fatigue (6.8%), and pneumonitis (5.1%) were most common AEs.
Conclusion
In conclusion, while pembrolizumab had a modest effect on patients with R/R NKTCL, it may be a useful salvage therapy for patients with localized disease and good performance status.

Citations

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Anti-PD-1 antibody combined with P-GEMOX chemotherapy versus P-GEMOX chemotherapy with or without autologous stem-cell transplantation for previously untreated advanced natural killer/T cell lymphoma: a retrospective cohort study
Qihua Zou, Yi Cao, Liang Wang, Wuping Li, Qingsong Yin, Yudan Wu, Hongmei Jing, Zhigang Peng, Xiuhua Sun, Jun Rao, Ying Chen, Hongyu Zhang, Dongfeng Zeng, Bingzong Li, Ying Zhao, Xudong Zhang, Yuchen Zhang, Yan Gao, Bing Bai, Yi Xia, Yu Fang, Zouxiang Che
Blood Cancer Journal.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
Molecular biologic and Epstein-Barr virologic advances in extranodal natural killer/T cell lymphoma over the past four decades
Yasuaki Harabuchi
Auris Nasus Larynx.2026; 53(3): 393. CrossRef
Immunotherapy in NK/T-Cell Lymphoma: Mechanisms, Clinical Evidence, Resistance, and Emerging Multimodal Strategies
Qihao Zhang, Xin Wang
Cancers.2026; 18(9): 1358. CrossRef
Outcomes With First‐Line PD1 Inhibitors in Extranodal NK/T‐Cell Lymphoma: A Comparative Analysis From a 755‐Patient Multicenter Cohort
Hailing Liu, Mei Sun, Chunling Wang, Xiaoqiong Tang, Lixia Sheng, Jie Ma, Xuzhang Lu, Hongming Huang, Jinning Shi, Ran Li, Jing Zhang, Manling Chen, Lei Cao, Haorui Shen, Jianyong Li, Wei Wang, Xia Zhao, Kaiyang Ding, Lei Fan
American Journal of Hematology.2026; 101(7): 1748. CrossRef
Atezolizumab for relapsed/refractory extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma: phase 2 of NCCH1903/ATTACK trial
Shinichi Makita, Junji Koya, Yasuhiro Suzuki, Momoko Nishikori, Noriko Fukuhara, Akiko Miyagi Maeshima, Akihiro Hirakawa, Yuta Ito, Yasunori Kogure, Kenichi Chiba, Ai Okada, Yuichi Shiraishi, Satoshi Kawashima, Yukari Nagasaka, Ayumi Fujimoto, Hirokazu Na
Blood Advances.2026; 10(15): 5276. CrossRef
Selinexor plus tislelizumab in patients with relapsed/refractory natural killer/T-cell lymphoma after failure of PD-1 blockade: the phase 1b TOUCH trial
Chuanxu Liu, Dahui Li, Yan Gao, Wenhao Zhang, Zhi Guo, Jun Zhao, Huiqiang Huang, Rong Tao
The Oncologist.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
Danburstotug, an anti‐PD‐L1 antibody, in relapsed/refractory extra‐nodal natural killer/T‐cell lymphoma: The phase 2 DISTINKT study
Won Seog Kim, Seok Jin Kim, Jae‐Cheol Jo, Sang Eun Yoon, Youngil Koh, Deok‐Hwan Yang, Dok Hyun Yoon, Junhun Cho, Sung Young Lee, Suyeon Kim, Seongyeon Kang, Woochan Hwang, Hyukjung Kim, Hwi‐yeol Yun, Jihyun Jeon, Chul Ahn, Heung Tae Kim
British Journal of Haematology.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
An evaluation of sugemalimab for the treatment of relapsed or refractory extranodal natural killer T-cell lymphoma
Yingfang Feng, Xia Liu, Jingwei Yu, Zheng Song, Lanfang Li, Lihua Qiu, Shiyong Zhou, Zhengzi Qian, Xianhuo Wang, Huilai Zhang
Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy.2025; 25(1): 9. CrossRef
Early growth response 1 as a key regulator of PD-L1 expression and immune evasion in extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma
Ji Yun Lee, Kui-Jin Kim, Woochan Park, Jeongmin Seo, Minsu Kang, Eun Hee Jung, Sang-A Kim, Koung Jin Suh, Ji-Won Kim, Se Hyun Kim, Jeong-Ok Lee, Jin Won Kim, Yu Jung Kim, Keun-Wook Lee, Jee Hyun Kim, Soo-Mee Bang, Tae Min Kim, Jin Ho Paik
Blood Cancer Journal.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Efficacy of combined CD38 and PD-1 inhibition with isatuximab and cemiplimab for relapsed/refractory NK/T-cell lymphoma
Seok Jin Kim, Jing Quan Lim, Sang Eun Yoon, Deok-Hwan Yang, Ji Hyun Lee, Sung Yong Oh, Yoon Seok Choi, Seong Hyun Jeong, Min Kyoung Kim, Sung Nam Lim, Junhun Cho, Bon Park, Kyung Ju Ryu, Seunghyun Choi, Yoon Park, Kerry May Huifen Lim, Nur Ayuni Binte Muh
Blood.2025; 146(2): 155. CrossRef
Pembrolizumab

Reactions Weekly.2024; 2025(1): 390. CrossRef

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Outcomes in Refractory Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma: Results from Two Prospective Korean Cohorts: Jun Ho Yi, Seong Hyun Jeong, Seok Jin Kim, Dok Hyun Yoon, Hye Jin Kang, Youngil Koh, Jin Seok Kim, Won-Sik Lee, Deok-Hwan Yang, Young Rok Do, Min Kyoung Kim, Kwai Han Yoo, Yoon Seok Choi, Whan Jung Yun, Yong Park, Jae-Cheol Jo, Hyeon-Seok Eom, Jae-Yong Kwak, Ho-Jin Shin, Byeong Bae Park, Seong Yoon Yi, Ji-Hyun Kwon, Sung Yong Oh, Hyo Jung Kim, Byeong Seok Sohn, Jong Ho Won, Dae-Sik Hong, Ho-Sup Lee, Gyeong-Won Lee, Cheolwon Suh, Won Seog Kim; Cancer Res Treat. 2023;55(1):325-333. Published online April 22, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2022.008

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Purpose
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common hematologic malignancy worldwide. Although substantial improvement has been achieved by the frontline rituximab-based chemoimmunotherapy, up to 40%-50% of patients will eventually have relapsed or refractory disease, whose prognosis is extremely dismal.
Materials and Methods
We have carried out two prospective cohort studies that include over 1,500 DLBCL patients treated with rituximab plus CHOP (#NCT01202448 and #NCT02474550). In the current report, we describe the outcomes of refractory DLBCL patients. Patients were defined to have refractory DLBCL if they met one of the followings, not achieving at least partial response after 4 or more cycles of R-CHOP; not achieving at least partial response after 2 or more cycles of salvage therapy; progressive disease within 12 months after autologous stem cell transplantation.
Results
Among 1,581 patients, a total of 260 patients met the criteria for the refractory disease after a median time to progression of 9.1 months. The objective response rate of salvage treatment was 26.4%, and the complete response rate was 9.6%. The median overall survival (OS) was 7.5 months (95% confidence interval, 6.4 to 8.6), and the 2-year survival rate was 22.1%±2.8%. The median OS for each refractory category was not significantly different (p=0.529).
Conclusion
In line with the previous studies, the outcomes of refractory DLBCL patients were extremely poor, which necessitates novel approaches for this population.

Citations

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Real-world clinical outcomes of tisagenlecleucel in relapsed or refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: a single-center retrospective study
Gi-June Min, Tong Yoon Kim, Young-Woo Jeon, Sung Soo Park, Silvia Park, Jae-Ho Yoon, Sung-Eun Lee, Byung Sik Cho, Yoo-Jin Kim, Ki-Seong Eom, Hee-Je Kim, Chang-Ki Min, Seok-Goo Cho
Frontiers in Oncology.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
Efficacy and safety of loncastuximab tesirine in relapsed or refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Abat Khan, Hira Habib, Ayesha Imran Butt, Iftikhar Khan, Khushbakhat Aziz, Ehsanullah Alokozay, Haneen Kamran, Soban Ali Qasim, Ammara Saleem, Shaiq Ijaz, Bilal Khan, Muhammad Siddique Karimi, Saad Javed Malik, Asim Elahi, Jose Sandoval-Sus
Systematic Reviews.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
Predicting Primary Refractory Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma: A Comparison of Machine Learning Models with the IPI Score
Cosmin-Daniel Minciuna, Dorina Minciuna, Ingrid-Andrada Vasilache, Lucian Miron
Journal of Clinical Medicine.2026; 15(17): 6628. CrossRef
PI3Kδ inhibitor linperlisib combined with gemcitabine and oxaliplatin for relapsed or refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: a multicenter, single-arm phase Ib/II trial
Peng Sun, Hong Cen, Haiyan Yang, Rui Huang, Zhen Cai, Xuekui Gu, Hanying Bao, Zusheng Xu, Zuhong Xu, Zhi-Ming Li
Cancer Cell International.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Improving access to chimeric antigen receptor T-cells for refractory or relapsing diffuse large B cell lymphoma therapy in Asia
Ya Hwee Tan, Dok Hyun Yoon, Andrew J. Davies, Christian Buske, Yang Liang Boo, Nagavalli Somasundaram, Francesca Lim, Shin Yeu Ong, Anand Jeyasekharan, Koji Izutsu, Won Seog Kim, Jason Yongsheng Chan
Discover Oncology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Clinical outcomes of tisagenlecleucel in relapsed/refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: insights from a single-center study
Sang Eun Yoon, Junhun Cho, Duck Cho, Eun-Sook Kang, Seok Jin Kim, Won Seog Kim
International Journal of Hematology.2025; 122(4): 533. CrossRef
Recent advances in cellular immunotherapy for lymphoid malignancies
Haerim Chung, Hyunsoo Cho
Blood Research.2023; 58(4): 166. CrossRef
Sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor, a new therapeutic direction in different diseases
Hongyu Chen, Junmin Wang, Caiyun Zhang, Peilun Ding, Shuxia Tian, Junming Chen, Guang Ji, Tao Wu
Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy.2022; 153: 113341. CrossRef

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Predictive Parameters of Febrile Neutropenia and Clinical Significance of G-CSF Receptor Signaling Pathway in the Development of Neutropenia during R-CHOP Chemotherapy with Prophylactic Pegfilgrastim in Patients with Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma: Do Young Kim, Jehyun Nam, Joo-Seop Chung, Byeol Eun Jeon, Ji Hyun Lee, Jae-Cheol Jo, Sang-Woo Kim, Ho-Jin Shin; Cancer Res Treat. 2022;54(4):1256-1267. Published online December 31, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2021.944

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
Pegfilgrastim is widely used to prevent chemotherapy-induced neutropenia (CIN) and febrile neutropenia (FN) in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). We investigated the predictive factors affecting CIN and FN incidence in patients with DLBCL receiving rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (R-CHOP) chemotherapy with pegfilgrastim and conducted experiments to find reason for the occurrence of CIN even when pegfilgrastim was used.
Materials and Methods
We reviewed the CIN and FN events of 200 patients with DLBCL. Based on these data, we investigate the association with predictive factor and the levels of granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) receptor signaling pathway markers (pSTAT3, pAKT, pERK1/2, pBAD, and CXCR4) in bone marrow (BM) samples isolated from patients with DLBCL.
Results
FN was significantly associated with stage III/IV (hazard ratio [HR], 12.74) and low serum albumin levels (HR, 3.87). Additionally, patients with FN had lower progression-free survival (PFS; 2-year PFS, 51.1 % vs. 74.0%) and overall survival (OS; 2-year OS, 58.2% vs. 85.0%) compared to those without FN. The occurrence of CIN was associated with overexpression of G-CSF receptor signaling pathway markers, and expression levels of these markers were upregulated in BM cells co-cultured with DLBCL cells. The rate of neutrophil apoptosis was also higher in neutrophils co-cultured with DLBCL cells and was further promoted by treatment with doxorubicin.
Conclusion
Our findings suggest that high DLBCL burden may alter the BM environment and G-CSF receptor signaling pathway, even in chemotherapy-naïve state, which may increase CIN frequency during R-CHOP chemotherapy.

Citations

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Hypogammaglobulinemia at Diagnosis is Associated With Inferior Survival and Higher Risk of Infections in Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma
Åsa Lindberg, Åsa Johansson, Fredrik Kahn, Göran Jönsson, Mats Jerkeman
Hematological Oncology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Sarcopenia attenuates the efficacy of PEGylated granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in preventing febrile neutropenia
Se-Il Go, Eun-Jeong Jeong, Woo Je Lee, Sungwoo Park, Mi Jung Park, Gyeong-Won Lee
Supportive Care in Cancer.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Predictive Model for Occurrence of Febrile Neutropenia after Chemotherapy in Patients with Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma: A Multicenter, Retrospective, Observational Study
Masaya Morimoto, Yuma Yokoya, Kikuaki Yoshida, Hideki Kosako, Yoshikazu Hori, Toshiki Mushino, Shinobu Tamura, Reiko Ito, Ryosuke Koyamada, Takuya Yamashita, Shinichiro Mori, Nobuyoshi Mori, Sachiko Ohde
Hematology Reports.2024; 16(1): 76. CrossRef
Multi‐omics integration reveals the oncogenic role of eccDNAs in diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma through STING signalling
Zijuan Wu, Wei Zhang, Luqiao Wang, Jiayan Leng, Yongle Li, Zhou Fan, Mengtao Zhan, Lei Cao, Yongning Jiang, Yan Jiang, Bing Sun, Jianxin Fu, Jianyong Li, Wenyu Shi, Hui Jin
Clinical and Translational Medicine.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Transcriptomic analysis of neutrophil apoptosis induced by diffuse large B-cell lymphoma unveils a potential role in neutropenia
Byeol-Eun Jeon, Ji-Eun Lee, Jungwook Park, Hyejung Jung, Eun Gyung Park, Du Hyeong Lee, Young-Su Seo, Heui-Soo Kim, Ho-Jin Shin, Sang-Woo Kim
Genes & Genomics.2023; 45(8): 1013. CrossRef

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Pegfilgrastim Prophylaxis Is Effective in the Prevention of Febrile Neutropenia and Reduces Mortality in Patients Aged ≥ 75 Years with Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma Treated with R-CHOP: A Prospective Cohort Study: Seong Hyun Jeong, Seok Jin Kim, Dok Hyun Yoon, Yong Park, Hye Jin Kang, Youngil Koh, Gyeong-Won Lee, Won-Sik Lee, Deok-Hwan Yang, Young Rok Do, Min Kyoung Kim, Kwai Han Yoo, Yoon Seok Choi, Hwan Jung Yun, Jun Ho Yi, Jae-Cheol Jo, Hyeon-Seok Eom, Jae-Yong Kwak, Ho-Jin Shin, Byeong Bae Park, Shin Young Hyun, Seong Yoon Yi, Ji-Hyun Kwon, Sung Yong Oh, Hyo Jung Kim, Byeong Seok Sohn, Jong Ho Won, Se-Hyung Kim, Ho-Sup Lee, Cheolwon Suh, Won Seog Kim; Cancer Res Treat. 2022;54(4):1268-1277. Published online December 30, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2021.1168

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
Febrile neutropenia (FN) can cause suboptimal treatment and treatment-related mortality (TRM) in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) patients treated with rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisolone (R-CHOP).
Materials and methods
We conducted a prospective cohort study to evaluate the effectiveness of pegfilgrastim prophylaxis in DLBCL patients receiving R-CHOP, and we compared them with the PROCESS cohort (n=485).
Results
Since January 2015, 986 patients with DLBCL were enrolled. Pegfilgrastim was administered at least once in 930 patients (94.3%), covering 90.3% of all cycles. FN developed in 137 patients (13.9%) in this cohort (23.7% in the PROCESS cohort, p<0.001), and 4.2% of all cycles (10.2% in the PROCESS cohort, p<0.001). Dose delay was less common (≥3 days: 18.1% vs. 23.7%, p=0.015; ≥5 days: 12.0% vs. 18.3%, p=0.023) in this cohort than in the PROCESS cohort. The incidence of TRM (3.2% vs. 5.6%, p=0.047) and infection-related death (1.8% vs. 4.5%, p=0.004) was lower in this cohort than in the PROCESS cohort. The 4-year overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) rates of the two cohorts were not different (OS: 73.0% vs. 71.9%, p=0.545; PFS: 69.5% vs. 68.8%, p=0.616). However, in patients aged ≥75 years, the 4-year OS and PFS rates were higher in this cohort than in the PROCESS cohort (OS: 49.6% vs. 33.7%, p=0.032; PFS: 44.2% vs. 30.3% p=0.047).
Conclusion
Pegfilgrastim prophylaxis is effective in the prevention of FN and infection-related death in DLBCL patients receiving R-CHOP, and it also improves OS in patients aged ≥75 years.

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Efficacy of pegfilgrastim in preventing febrile neutropenia during DCF chemotherapy for esophageal cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Khaled Hemdan, Rana Mohamed El Tabakh, Ziad W Elmezayen, Amr Mahmoud Yousef, Ahmed Hussein, Ali M Elghareab, Mazen Momtaz Shehata, Alaa Abdelaziz Ellethey, Ahmed Oun
Journal of Oncology Pharmacy Practice.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
Mecapegfilgrastim for Prophylaxis of Immunochemotherapy‐Induced Neutropenia in Patients With Diffuse Large B‐Cell Lymphoma: A Multicenter Pilot Trial
Jie Wang, He Li, Qiaochu Lin, Yong Guo, Hongbing Ma, Bing Xiang, Chenlu Yang, Kai Shen, Chunlan Zhang, Kun Yang, Chunrong Ma, Hong Zhai, Jin Wei, Yan Zuo, Jie Zhou, Ting Niu
Cancer Medicine.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
Sarcopenia attenuates the efficacy of PEGylated granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in preventing febrile neutropenia
Se-Il Go, Eun-Jeong Jeong, Woo Je Lee, Sungwoo Park, Mi Jung Park, Gyeong-Won Lee
Supportive Care in Cancer.2025;[Epub] CrossRef

11,354 View
333 Download
4 Web of Science
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Case Report

Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma with Involvement of the Breast and Testis in a Male Patient: Eunji Choi, Jae-Cheol Jo, Dok Hyun Yoon, Shin Kim, Kyoungmin Lee, Jooryung Huh, Chan-Sik Park, Sang Wook Lee, Cheolwon Suh; Cancer Res Treat. 2015;47(3):539-543. Published online September 11, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2013.245

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Here we report a case of a 76-year-old man with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) with simultaneous involvement of the right breast and left testicle. The patient underwent complete resection of the involved testis, followed by immunochemotherapy with rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisolone (R-CHOP) and prophylactic radiotherapy to the contralateral testis. Following this multimodal therapy, he achieved a complete response. This is a rare case of DLBCL involving both the breast and the testis in a male patient.

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Case Report: Difficulties in diagnosis of myeloid sarcoma of the breast by core needle biopsy
Demian Wu, Xiaolan Li, Xiaoxue Tian, Ting Xu, Qiyao Ge, Shuai Luo, Jinjing Wang
Frontiers in Medicine.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Bilateral Primary Testicular Lymphoma with Retroperitoneal and Possible CNS Involvement: A Rare Case Report
Poosarla Ram Sohan, Chandrashekhar Mahakalkar, Shruthi Bikkumalla, Srinivasa Reddy, Akansha Hatewar, Sparsh Dixit
International Journal of Nutrition, Pharmacology, Neurological Diseases.2025; 15(4): 487. CrossRef
Rare incidence of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) with bilateral breast and testicular involvement in a male patient: A case report and review of the literature
Sarah Ayad, Anuraag Sah, Kirolos Gergis, Michelle Cholankeril
Current Problems in Cancer: Case Reports.2022; 5: 100142. CrossRef
Primary breast lymphoma in males: Incidence, demographics, prognostic factors, survival, and comparisons with females
Jie Zhang, Binbin Ma, Hong Ji, Rong Guo
Frontiers in Surgery.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Diffuse Large B-Cell Breast Lymphoma: A Case Series
Afaf H Al Battah, Einas A Al Kuwari, Zsolt Hascsi, Abdulqadir J Nashwan, Halima Elomari, Hisham Elsabah, Safa Al Azawi, Samah Kohla, Dina Soliman, Mohamed A Yassin
Clinical Medicine Insights: Blood Disorders.2017; 10: 1179545X1772503. CrossRef

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