Cancer Research and Treatment

Original Articles

Endocrine cancer

Expression of Estrogen and Progesterone Receptors in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma in Korea: Hwa Young Ahn, Ra-Yeong Song, Hye Shin Ahn, Hee Sung Kim; Cancer Res Treat. 2021;53(4):1204-1212. Published online February 10, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2020.1201

Purpose
The aim of this study was to examine the rate of expression of estrogen receptor α (ERα) and β1 (ERβ1), progesterone receptor (PR), and rate of overexpression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in a relatively large cohort of patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). We also aimed to examine whether each receptor influenced clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of PTC.
Materials and Methods
We made a microarray of paraffin-embedded PTC surgical tissues from 436 patients. We compared the results of the immunohistochemical staining for each hormone receptor with clinicopathological characteristics.
Results
The positive expression rate of hormonal receptors was 40.4% for ERα, 83.7% for ERβ1, and 71.3% for PR in patients with PTC. Overexpression of EGFR was shown in 19.3% of patients with PTC. The age was lower (44.6±12.1 years vs. 47.1±12.5 years, p=0.040) and tumor smaller (0.96±0.69 cm vs. 1.13±0.82 cm, p=0.020) in the ERα positive group, which also showed higher PR positivity (80.7% vs. 65.0%, p < 0.001) and overexpression of EGFR (27.3% vs. 13.8%, p < 0.001). However, neither the positivity of hormone receptors nor overexpression of EGFR affected the recurrence of PTC.
Conclusion
In conclusion, most (94.6%) patients with PTC were found to exhibit positive expression for ERs or PR. We also found that neither the positive expression of hormone receptors nor overexpression of EGFR were associated with the recurrence of PTC.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

The epidemiology of female thyroid cancer and its life-stage trends: A global study of regional disparities
Pei-Pei Li, Fen-Fen Li, Bing-Yu Liang, Yan-Xun Han, Yu-Chen Liu, Ye-Hai Liu, Mao-Yu Jiang
Journal of the National Medical Association.2026; 118(2): 239. CrossRef
Research progress on estrogen and estrogen receptors in the occurrence and progression of autoimmune thyroid diseases
Jiewen Xie, Jie Wang, Xuejiao Cui
Autoimmunity Reviews.2025; 24(6): 103803. CrossRef
Multi-disease transcriptomic analysis of sex hormone genes reveals a novel prognostic model for thyroid cancer with breast cancer correlations
Lixue Qiao, Hao Li, Keyu Yin, Runsheng Ma, Yifei Zhang, Yue Guo, Detao Yin
Frontiers in Oncology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Estrogen Receptors as Key Factors in Carcinogenesis
Oliwia Gruszka, Magdalena Jurzak, Ilona Anna Bednarek
Biomedicines.2025; 13(11): 2620. CrossRef
Expression Pattern of Oestrogen Receptor in Follicular Thyroid Cancers: A 23 Years Retrospective Multicentre Study in Jos Metropolis, North-Central, Nigeria
Samuel Kelechi Richard, Barka Vandi Kwaghe, Nwadiokwu John Ifeanyi, Abdulrazaq Ajanaku Jimoh
Nigerian Postgraduate Medical Journal.2025; 32(4): 315. CrossRef
Struma Ovarii during Pregnancy
Gabriela Dumachița-Șargu, Răzvan Socolov, Teodora Ana Balan, Dumitru Gafițanu, Mona Akad, Raluca Anca Balan
Diagnostics.2024; 14(11): 1172. CrossRef
Serum sex hormones correlate with pathological features of papillary thyroid cancer
Fa-Zhan Xu, Lu-Lu Zheng, Ke-Hao Chen, Ru Wang, Dan-Dan Yi, Chao-Yu Jiang, Zhi-Jian Liu, Xian-Biao SHI, Jian-Feng Sang
Endocrine.2023; 84(1): 148. CrossRef
Diagnostic and Prognostic Impact of Progesterone Receptor Immunohistochemistry: A Study Evaluating More Than 16,000 Tumors
Florian Viehweger, Lisa-Marie Tinger, David Dum, Natalia Gorbokon, Anne Menz, Ria Uhlig, Franziska Büscheck, Andreas M. Luebke, Claudia Hube-Magg, Andrea Hinsch, Doris Höflmayer, Christoph Fraune, Patrick Lebok, Sören Weidemann, Maximilian Lennartz, Frank
Analytical Cellular Pathology.2022; 2022: 1. CrossRef
Case report: Lymph node metastases of breast cancer and thyroid cancer encountered in axilla
Rihan Li, Qingfu Zhang, Dongdong Feng, Feng Jin, Siyuan Han, Xinmiao Yu
Frontiers in Oncology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef

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Evaluation of Diagnostic Performance of Screening Thyroid Ultrasonography and Imaging Findings of Screening-Detected Thyroid Cancer: Jeongin Yoo, Hye Shin Ahn, Soo Jin Kim, Sung Hee Park, Mirinae Seo, Semin Chong; Cancer Res Treat. 2018;50(1):11-18. Published online February 24, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2016.600

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic performance and cost of screening thyroid ultrasonography (US) in an asymptomatic population and determine the US features of screening-detected thyroid cancer.
Materials and Methods
This study included 1,845 asymptomatic participants who underwent screening thyroid US between March and August 2012 at the screening center in our hospital. We evaluated the diagnostic performance of screening thyroid US for thyroid cancer and the average cost of diagnosis for each patient. We also determined the characteristic US features of screening-detected thyroid cancer.
Results
Of the 1,845 subjects, 661 showed no abnormalities, 1,155 exhibited benign thyroid nodules, and 29 exhibited thyroid cancer. Imaging features such as solid composition, hypoechogenicity, taller-than-wide axis, and ill-defined or spiculated margins of nodules were suggestive of malignancy. The rate of detection of cancer was 1.6% (29/1,845), and the sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values were 100% (18/18), 98.7% (1,051/1,065), 56.3% (18/32), and 100% (1,051/1,051), respectively. Of 18 patients who underwent thyroidectomy, three (16.7%) had a pathological tumor staging of T3, and four (22.2%) had a pathological nodal staging of N1a. The average cost of diagnosis for each patient with cancer was $7,319.
Conclusion
Screening thyroid US exhibited a good diagnostic performance, with a feasible social cost of use. This modality demonstrated significant differences in sonographic features between screening-detected cancer and benign nodules.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Temporal Trends in Thyroid Nodule Size on Ultrasonography
Hayley Mann, Natalia Arroyo, Vivian Hsiao, Franklin Tessler, Lori Mankowski Gettle, Yanchen Zhang, Abdullah Adil, Mary Hitchcock, Elian Massoud, Catherine Jensen, Oguzhan Alagoz, Louise Davies, Sara Fernandes-Taylor, David O. Francis
JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery.2025; 151(1): 47. CrossRef
Thyroid Ultrasonography Screening of a Cohort of Male University Students
Mahmoud S. Babiker, Fathelrehman A. Alamin, Mohammed Almteri, Abdullah Alradaddi, Waleed Alharbi
Journal of Diagnostic Medical Sonography.2025; 41(3): 225. CrossRef
Ultrasonographic study on the prevalence of thyroid abnormalities in asymptomatic females
Meaad Elbashir, Sara Ali, Sawsan Saidahmed, Awatif M. Omer, Rania Mohammed Ahmed, Aishah Hakami, Asala Jammah, Nuha Hazmi, Areej Faqihi, Ali Abdelrazig
Journal of Radiation Research and Applied Sciences.2025; 18(3): 101645. CrossRef
Ultrasonography of Incidental Thyroid Nodules: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Prevalence
Li-Jen Liao, Shun-Fa Hung, Ping-Chia Cheng, Wan-Lun Hsu
Journal of Medical Ultrasound.2025; 33(4): 365. CrossRef
A nomogram based on clinicopathological and ultrasound characteristics to predict central neck lymph node metastases in papillary thyroid cancer
Fei Chen, Shuiping Jiang, Fan Yao, Yixi Huang, Jiaxi Cai, Jia Wei, Chengxu Li, Yanxuan Wu, Xiaolin Yi, Zhen Zhang
Frontiers in Endocrinology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Comparison of the value of ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration biopsy and contrast-enhanced ultrasound in different sizes of thyroid nodules
Qi Liu, Liquan Ouyang, Shengchu Zhang, Yuxia Yang
Medicine.2024; 103(39): e39843. CrossRef
Diagnostic performance of six ultrasound-based risk stratification systems in thyroid follicular neoplasm: A retrospective multi-center study
Jingjing Yang, Yu Sun, Xingjia Li, Yueting Zhao, Xue Han, Guofang Chen, Wenbo Ding, Ruiping Li, Jianhua Wang, Fangsen Xiao, Chao Liu, Shuhang Xu
Frontiers in Oncology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Clinical and ultrasonography evaluation of thyroid tumor screening in symptomatic patient of Bajulmati primary care center, Banyuwangi, East Java, Indonesia
Rosy Setiawati, Tri Wulanhandarini, Fierly Hayati, Dyah Erawati, Merlin Guntur Jaya, Andi Ahmad Thoriq, Triana Mediyawati Wijaya, Galih Nur Ismiyati, Dyan Wahyu Kusumaningrum, Belinda Koesmarsono, Agnes Triana Basja, M. Ikhsan Nugroho, Silvi Yuliana, Syad
Medicine.2022; 101(52): e32546. CrossRef
The use of computed tomography as a first-line imaging modality in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism
Mechteld C. de Jong, K. Jamal, S. Morley, T. Beale, T. Chung, S. Jawad, S. Hurel, H. Simpson, U. Srirangalingam, S. E. Baldeweg, V. Rozalén García, S. Otero, M. Shawky, T. E. Abdel-Aziz, T. R. Kurzawinski
Hormones.2021; 20(3): 499. CrossRef
Sex Bias in Differentiated Thyroid Cancer
Valentine Suteau, Mathilde Munier, Claire Briet, Patrice Rodien
International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2021; 22(23): 12992. CrossRef
Hashimoto Thyroiditis in Primary Thyroid Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
Antonio Travaglino, Mirella Pace, Silvia Varricchio, Luigi Insabato, Claudia Giordano, Marco Picardi, Fabrizio Pane, Stefania Staibano, Massimo Mascolo
American Journal of Clinical Pathology.2020; 153(2): 156. CrossRef
Changes in the Diagnostic Efficiency of Thyroid Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy during the Era of Increased Thyroid Cancer Screening in Korea
Young Ki Lee, Kyeong Hye Park, Young Duk Song, Taemi Youk, Joo Young Nam, Sun Ok Song, Dong Yeob Shin, Eun Jig Lee
Cancer Research and Treatment.2019; 51(4): 1430. CrossRef
Sonographic Criteria Predictive of Malignant Thyroid Nodules
Carlos Miguel Oliveira, Rui Alves Costa, Miguel Patrício, Amélia Estêvão, Bruno Graça, Filipe Caseiro-Alves
Academic Radiology.2017;[Epub] CrossRef

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295 Download
16 Web of Science
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Patient’s Factors at Entering Hospice Affecting Length of Survival in a Hospice Center: Guk Jin Lee, Hye Shin Ahn, Se Eun Go, Ji Hyun Kim, Min Wu Seo, Seung Hun Kang, Yeo Ree Yang, Mi Yeong Lee, Ku Ock Lee, Sang Hoon Chun, Jong Youl Jin; Cancer Res Treat. 2015;47(1):1-8. Published online August 28, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2013.148

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Purpose
In order to provide effective hospice care, adequate length of survival (LOS) in hospice is necessary. However the reported average LOS is much shorter. Analysis of LOS in hospice has not been reported from Korea. We evaluated the duration of LOS and the factors associated with LOS at our hospice center.
Materials and Methods
We retrospectively examined 446 patients who were admitted to our hospice unit between January 2010 and December 2012. We performed univariate and multivariate analysis for analysis of factors associated with LOS.
Results
The median LOS was 9.5 days (range, 1 to 186 days). The LOS of 389 patients (86.8%) was< 1 month. At the time of admission to hospice, 112 patients (25.2%) were completely bedridden, 110 patients (24.8%) had mouth care only without intake, and 134 patients (30.1%) had decreased consciousness, from confusion to coma. The median time interval between the day of the last anticancer treatment and the day of hospice admission was 75 days. By analysis of the results of multivariate analysis, decreased intake and laboratory results showing increased total white blood cell (WBC), decreased platelet count, increased serum creatinine, increased aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level were poor prognostic factors for survival in hospice.
Conclusion
Before hospice admission, careful evaluation of the patient’s performance, particularly the oral intake, and total WBC, platelet, creatinine, AST, ALT, and LDH level is essential, because these were strong predictors of shorter LOS. In the future, conduct of prospective controlled studies is warranted in order to confirm the relationship between potential prognostic factors and LOS in hospice.

Citations

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Changes in the palliative performance scale may be as important as the initial palliative performance scale for predicting survival in terminal cancer patients
Guk Jin Lee, Ji Hyun Gwak, Myoung Sim Kim, Mi Yeong Lee, Seo Ree Kim, Sang Hoon Chun, Jong Youl Jin
Palliative and Supportive Care.2021; 19(5): 547. CrossRef
Safety, Efficacy, and Patient Satisfaction with Initial Peripherally Inserted Central Catheters Compared with Usual Intravenous Access in Terminally Ill Cancer Patients: A Randomized Phase II Study
Eun Ju Park, Kwonoh Park, Jae-Joon Kim, Sang-Bo Oh, Ki Sun Jung, So Yeon Oh, Yun Jeong Hong, Jin Hyeok Kim, Joo Yeon Jang, Ung-Bae Jeon
Cancer Research and Treatment.2021; 53(3): 881. CrossRef
Hypernatremia at admission predicts poor survival in patients with terminal cancer: a retrospective cohort study
Min-Seok Seo, In Cheol Hwang, Jaehun Jung, Hwanhee Lee, Jae Hee Choi, Jae-Yong Shim
BMC Palliative Care.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
The Impact of Combined Use of Opioids, Antipsychotics, and Anxiolytics on Survival in the Hospice Setting
Marin Golčić, Renata Dobrila-Dintinjana, Goran Golčić, Aleksandar Čubranić
Journal of Pain and Symptom Management.2018; 55(1): 22. CrossRef
Cancer-related hypercalcemia in oral cancer
T.-C. Lin, K.-L. Liang, L.-C. Lee, C.-Y. Hsu, T.-T. Yen
International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery.2018; 47(6): 685. CrossRef
Physical Exercise: An Evaluation of a New Clinical Biomarker of Survival in Hospice Patients
Marin Golčić, Renata Dobrila-Dintinjana, Goran Golčić, Lidija Gović-Golčić, Aleksandar Čubranić
American Journal of Hospice and Palliative Medicine®.2018; 35(11): 1377. CrossRef
Effects of a new medical insurance payment system for hospice patients in palliative care programs in Korea
Youngin Lee, Seung Hun Lee, Yun Jin Kim, Sang Yeoup Lee, Jeong Gyu Lee, Dong Wook Jeong, Yu Hyeon Yi, Young Jin Tak, Hye Rim Hwang, Mieun Gwon
BMC Palliative Care.2018;[Epub] CrossRef
Prediction of Patient Discharge Status Based on Indicators on Admission
Sung-In Chung, Seung Hun Lee, Yun-Jin Kim, Sang-Yeoup Lee, Jeong-Gyu Lee, Yu-Hyeon Yi, Young-Hye Cho, Young-Jin Tak, Hye-Rim Hwang, Eun-Ju Park, Kyung-Mi Kim
The Korean Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care.2018; 21(3): 75. CrossRef
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Survival Score (ALS-SS): A simple scoring system for early prediction of patient survival
Christian Lunetta, Andrea Lizio, Mario Giovanni Melazzini, Eleonora Maestri, Valeria A. Sansone
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Degeneration.2016; 17(1-2): 93. CrossRef
Safety, efficacy, and patient-perceived satisfaction of peripherally inserted central catheters in terminally ill cancer patients: a prospective multicenter observational study
Kwonoh Park, Hyun Jung Jun, So Yeon Oh
Supportive Care in Cancer.2016; 24(12): 4987. CrossRef

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