Cancer Research and Treatment

Original Articles

Psychometric Validation of Sheffield Profile for Assessment and Referral to Care (SPARC) in Korean Cancer Patients: Hong Jun Kim, Eun Hee Jung, Jung Hye Kwon, Yu Jung Kim, Su-Jin Koh, Myung Ah Lee, Jung Hun Kang, Sun Young Rha, Eun Mi Nam, Sun Kyung Baek, Ha Yeon Lee, Hun Ho Song, Young-Woong Won, Hanbyul Lee; Received July 26, 2024 Accepted December 4, 2024 Published online December 5, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2024.706 [Epub ahead of print]

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub: Purpose
Identifying the palliative care needs of patients with advanced cancer is important for maintaining quality of life and timely transition to palliative care. We aimed to validate the Korean Sheffield Profile for Assessment and Referral for Care (K-SPARC) in such patients and establish its psychometric properties, including reliability, validity, and responsiveness to change.
Materials and Methods
We used the forward-back translated version of SPARC, which was verified through a pilot study, to assess the palliative care needs of patients with advanced cancer. Reliability was evaluated by internal consistency using Cronbach's alpha coefficients and test-retest reliability. Criterion validity was analyzed against other questionnaires, including the Korean versions of the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General (FACT-G Korean) and Korean versions of the Edmonton Symptom Assessment System (K-ESAS). Factor analysis was used to assess construct validity.
Results
Two hundred fifty-nine patients were included from 2019 to 2022. Forty-nine percent of all patients were women, and the median age was 63 years. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient (range, 0.642 to 0.903) and test-retest reliability (range, 0.574 to 0.749) indicated acceptable reliability. The correlation coefficients between K-SPARC and FACT-G Korean suggested significant criterion validity. The correlation coefficients for the physical, social, emotional, and functional domains were 0.701, 0.249, 0.718, and 0.511, respectively (p < 0.001, all). Factor analysis demonstrated satisfactory construct validity of the tool.
Conclusion
This study demonstrated the utility of K-SPARC as an evaluation tool for providing palliative care to patients with advanced cancer through psychometric validation; the tool had good internal consistency, reliability, and acceptable validity.

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The Clinical Utility of FDG PET-CT in Evaluation of Bone Marrow Involvement by Lymphoma: Ho Young Kim, Ju-Seok Kim, Dae Ro Choi, Hyeong Su Kim, Jung Hye Kwon, Geun-Doo Jang, Jung Han Kim, Joo Young Jung, Hun Ho Song, Young Kyung Lee, Soo Kee Min, Hee Sung Hwang, Hwa Jung Kim, Dae Young Zang, Hyo Jung Kim; Cancer Res Treat. 2015;47(3):458-464. Published online November 24, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2014.091

Purpose
Bone marrow biopsy is a standard method for the evaluation of bone marrow infiltration by lymphoma; however, it is an invasive and painful procedure. Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography–computed tomography (FDG PET-CT) is a noninvasive imaging technique with the potential to detect bone marrow involvement by lymphoma. Materials and Methods We retrospectively reviewed medical records of lymphoma patients. All patients were examined by FDG PET-CT and iliac crest bone marrow biopsy for initial staging work-up. Results The study population comprised 94 patients (median age, 60 years; 56 males) with Hodgkin’s lymphoma (n=8) or non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (n=86). Maximum standardized uptake values on the iliac crest of patients with lymphoma infiltrated bone marrow were significantly higher than those of patients with intact bone marrow (2.2±1.2 g/mL vs. 1.3±0.4 g/mL; p=0.001). The calculated values for FDG PET-CT during evaluation of bone marrow involvement were as follows: sensitivity 50%, specificity 96%, positive predictive value 80%, negative predictive value 85%, and positive likelihood ratio (LR+) 11.7. The value of LR+ was 16.0 in patients with aggressive subtypes of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL). Conclusion FDG PET-CT could not replace bone marrow biopsy due to the low sensitivity of FDG PET-CT for detection of bone marrow infiltration in lymphoma patients. Conversely, FDG PET-CT had high specificity and LR+; therefore, it could be a useful tool for image-guided biopsy for lymphoma staging, especially for aggressive subtypes of NHL. In addition, unilateral bone marrow biopsy could be substituted for bilateral bone marrow biopsy in lymphoma patients with increased FDG uptake on any iliac crest.

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FDG PET/CT versus Bone Marrow Biopsy for Diagnosis of Bone Marrow Involvement in Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma: A Systematic Review
Jawaher Almaimani, Charalampos Tsoumpas, Richard Feltbower, Irene Polycarpou
Applied Sciences.2022; 12(2): 540. CrossRef
Comparison of the RECIST and EORTC PET criteria in the tumor response assessment: a pooled analysis and review
Jung Han Kim, Bum Jun Kim, Hyun Joo Jang, Hyeong Su Kim
Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology.2017; 80(4): 729. CrossRef
Comparison of the RECIST and PERCIST criteria in solid tumors: a pooled analysis and review
Seon Jeong Min, Hyun Joo Jang, Jung Han Kim
Oncotarget.2016; 7(19): 27848. CrossRef

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A Phase II Study to Evaluate the Efficacy of Ramosetron, Aprepitant, and Dexamethasone in Preventing Cisplatin-Induced Nausea and Vomiting in Chemotherapy-Naive Cancer Patients: Geundoo Jang, Hun Ho Song, Keon Uk Park, Hyeong Su Kim, Dae Ro Choi, Jung Hye Kwon, Ho Young Kim, Boram Han, Jung Han Kim, Joo Young Jung, Hyo Jung Kim, Dae Young Zang; Cancer Res Treat. 2013;45(3):172-177. Published online September 30, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2013.45.3.172

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

PURPOSE
Combination therapy with aprepitant, serotonin receptor antagonist, and steroids improves the complete response rate of both acute and delayed chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV). However, it is not known whether ramosetron is suitable for administration in combination with aprepitant. Therefore, we conducted a multicenter, open-label, prospective, phase II study in order to assess the efficacy and tolerability of combination therapy with ramosetron, aprepitant, and dexamethasone (RAD) for prevention of cisplatin-based CINV in chemotherapy-naive patients with solid cancers.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Forty-one patients with various solid cancers (31 male and 10 female; median age, 59 years) who received treatment with highly emetogenic chemotherapy (median cisplatin dose, 70 mg/m2; range 50 to 75 mg/m2) were enrolled in this study. Oral aprepitant (125 mg on day 1; 80 mg on days 2 and 3), intravenous ramosetron (0.6 mg on day 1), and oral dexamethasone (12 mg on day 1; 8 mg on days 2-4) were administered for prevention of CINV.
RESULTS
The complete response (no emesisand retching and no rescue medication) rate was 94.9% in the acute period (24 hours post-chemotherapy), 92.3% in the delayed period (24-120 hours post-chemotherapy), and 92.3% in the overall period (0-120 hours). The absolute complete response (complete response plus no nausea) rate was 74.4% in the acute period, 51.3% in the delayed period, and 46.2% in the overall period. There were no grade 3 or 4 toxicities related to these antiemetic combinations.
CONCLUSION
RAD regimen is a safe and effective antiemetic treatment for prevention of CINV in patients receiving highly emetogenic chemotherapy.

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Ramosetron Versus Ondansetron in Combination With Aprepitant and Dexamethasone for the Prevention of Highly Emetogenic Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: A Multicenter, Randomized Phase III Trial, KCSG PC10-21
Hyo Jung Kim, Sang Won Shin, Eun-Kee Song, Na-Ri Lee, Jun Suk Kim, Jin Seok Ahn, Hwan-Jung Yun, Yo-Han Cho, Keon Uk Park, Si-Young Kim, Joung Soon Jang, Sang-We Kim, Hyun Woo Lee, Se Ryeon Lee, Yang Soo Kim, Soon Nam Lee, Yoon Ho Ko, Hwa Jung Kim, Jin-Hyo
The Oncologist.2015; 20(12): 1440. CrossRef
Assessment of low-dose cisplatin as a model of nausea and emesis in beagle dogs, potential for repeated administration
Hannah Kenward, Ludovic Pelligand, Jonathan Elliott
Experimental Brain Research.2014; 232(8): 2685. CrossRef
Anticipatory nausea in animal models: a review of potential novel therapeutic treatments
Erin M. Rock, Cheryl L. Limebeer, Linda A. Parker
Experimental Brain Research.2014; 232(8): 2511. CrossRef

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A Phase II Study of Paclitaxel and Cisplatin Combination Chemotherapy in Advanced Non-small-cell Lung Cancer: Jung Ae Lee, Keun Seok Lee, Jin Seok Ahn, Jae Ho Byun, Hun Ho Song, Dae Young Zang, Young Iee Park, Young Suk Park, Eun Kyung Mo, Dong Kyu Kim, Myung Goo Lee, In Gyu Hyun, Ki Suck Jung, Soo Mee Bang, Gye Young Park, Jeong Woong Park, Eun Kyung Cho, Seong Hwan Jeong, Dong Bok Shin, Jae Hoon Lee; Cancer Res Treat. 2003;35(3):239-244. Published online June 30, 2003; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2003.35.3.239

Abstract PDF

PURPOSE
Paclitaxel and cisplatin, active drugs in the treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), have been found to be synergistic and less myelotoxic in combination when the paclitaxel is given 24 hr prior to the cisplatin. Their antitumor activity and toxicity in patients with advanced NSCLC has been evaluated herein. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seventy-four chemonaive patients, with advanced NSCLC, were enrolled. Paclitaxel, 175 mg/m2, was administered on day 1, followed 24 hr later by cisplatin, 75 mg/m2, on day 2. RESULTS: The overall response rate, median time to progression and median survival time were 51%, 7.1 months (95% confidence interval (CI), 5.5~8.7 months) and 13.7 months (95% CI, 11.3~16.1 months), respectively. There were significant differences in the overall survival rates in relation to stage and the ECOG performance status(PS). The toxicity was mainly nonhematological. Grade > or =3 neuropathy occurred in 2 (3%) patients, myalgia in 3 (4%), and bone pain in 3 (4%). The hematological toxicity was mild, and no grade 3 or 4 neutropenia was observed.
CONCLUSION
The combination of paclitaxel and cisplatin is an effective and tolerable treatment regimen for advanced NSCLC during first line chemotherapy. The main toxicity was nonhematological, such as peripheral neuropathy, myalgia and bone pain, whereas the hematological toxicity itself was mild.

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The Efficacy and Safety of Padexol® (Paclitaxel) and Cisplatin for Treating Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer
Hoon-Kyo Kim, Jun Suk Kim, Hun Mo Ryoo, Dong Gun Shin, Byoung Young Shim, Kyong Hwa Park, Sung Hwa Bae, Chi Hong Kim
Cancer Research and Treatment.2006; 38(2): 66. CrossRef

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A Phase II Study of Ifosfamide, Carboplatin, and Epirubicin (ICE) Combination Chemotherapy for Extensive Disease of Small Cell Lung Cancer: Jae Ho Byun, In Sook Woo, Hun Ho Song, Keun Seok Lee, Jin Seok Ahn, Dae Young Jang, Jung Ae Lee, Young Lee Park, Young Suk Park; Cancer Res Treat. 2002;34(6):416-420. Published online December 31, 2002; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2002.34.6.416

Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
To evaluate the efficacy and safety of ifosfamide, carboplatin and epirubicin (ICE) combination chemotherapy for extensive disease small cell lung cancer (SCLC) patients, who had received no previous chemotherapy, we performed phase II trial between August 1998 and January 2001.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The study group comprised of 21 patients. Ifosfamide, 1,500 mg/m2, was given with mesna, 900 mg/m2, intravenously for 12 hours on days 1, 2 and 3, and carboplatin, 4.5 mg/ml/min, for target AUC, and epirubicin, 60 mg/m2, were given intravenously for 90 minutes on day 1. The cycle of treatment was repeated at 4 week intervals.
RESULTS
Twenty-one patients with extensive disease SCLC were treated at Hallym University between August 1998 and January 2001. One patient was unable to be evaluated because of lost to follow-up. Of the 20 patients able to be evaluated, an objective response was observed in 13 (65%). There were no complete responses. The median response duration, time to progression and median overall survival were 15.4, 18.3 and 34 weeks, respectively. Toxicities were acceptable, with dose reduction for myelosuppression necessary in only a minority of the patients. A total of 85 cycles of chemotherapy were given to the patients. The median number of cycles completed was 4. Grade III and IV hematological toxicities included anemia (4.7%), neutropenia (3.5%) and thrombocytopenia (3.5%). Most non-hematological toxicities were grade I or II.
CONCLUSION
These results suggested that ICE combination chemotherapy for extensive disease SCLC is effective, and can be safely administered with acceptable toxicities.

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The Outcome of Philadelphia Chromosome-Positive Adult ALL: Characteristics and Prognosis: Hun Ho Song, Je Hwan Lee, Byung Min Jeon, Jung Hee Lee, Eul Ju Seo, Chan Jeoung Park, Hyun Sook Chi, Jung Shin Lee, Woo Kun Kim, Kyoo Hyung Lee; Cancer Res Treat. 2002;34(4):289-295. Published online August 31, 2002; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2002.34.4.289

Abstract PDF

The Philadelphia (Ph) chromosome is a well- known chromosome abnormality in adults with B-lineage ALL, and is associated with a poor prognosis. This study compared the clinical manifestations and prognosis in adult Ph-positive and Ph-negative ALL patients.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
We retrospectively analyzed the clinical records of adult patients newly diagnosed as B-lineage ALL, between January 1995 and February 2001. Fifty five patients were included in this study. We divided the patients into Ph-positive and Ph-negative groups.
RESULTS
Eighteen of the 55 patients (32.7%) were found to have the Ph chromosome. At initial diagnosis, the Ph-positive patients had higher circulating leukocyte counts, lower platelet counts and had a greater tendency to bleed, than the Ph-negative group. The complete remission rates were 83.3% and 83.8% for the Ph-positive and the Ph-negative groups, respectively. Four of the Ph-positive, and 13 of the Ph-negative, patients underwent allogenic bone marrow transplantation. The median follow-up for the surviving patients was 39.3 months. The three-year survival rates were 10.4% and 51.8% for the Ph-positive and the Ph-negative groups, respectively. The median disease-free survival was 7.7 months for the Ph-positive group, but did not reach the median value in the Ph-negative group. Among the Ph-positive patients, age was the only factor that had an impact on the disease outcome.
CONCLUSION
In adult B-lineage ALL, the Ph-positive patients had similar complete remission rates to other patients; however, the remission was of shorter duration, with a higher relapse rate in the Ph-positive patients. More effective treatments are needed to improve the survival of the Ph-positive patients.

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Long‐term follow‐up of imatinib plus combination chemotherapy in patients with newly diagnosed Philadelphia chromosome‐positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Sung‐Nam Lim, Young‐Don Joo, Kyoo‐Hyung Lee, Dae‐Young Kim, Je‐Hwan Lee, Jung‐Hee Lee, Hyun‐Sook Chi, Sung‐Cheol Yun, Won Sik Lee, Sang Min Lee, Seonyang Park, Inho Kim, Sang Kyun Sohn, Joon Ho Moon, Hun‐Mo Ryoo, Sung Hwa Bae, Myung Soo Hyun, Min Kyoung K
American Journal of Hematology.2015; 90(11): 1013. CrossRef
Clinical effect of imatinib added to intensive combination chemotherapy for newly diagnosed Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia
K-H Lee, J-H Lee, S-J Choi, J-H Lee, M Seol, Y-S Lee, W-K Kim, J-S Lee, E-J Seo, S Jang, C-J Park, H-S Chi
Leukemia.2005; 19(9): 1509. CrossRef

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Conventional Treatments in Patients with Hodgkin's Disease: Jong Beom Park, Chul Won Seo, Sang Hee Kim, Kyung No Lee, Hun Ho Song, Soon Seo Park, Hyo Jung Kim, Yung Joo Min, Jin Hee Park, Sung Joon Choe, Jung Koon Kim, Tae Won Kim, Dae Yung Jang, Je Hwan Lee, Sung Bae Kim, Sang Wee Kim, Koo Hyung Lee, Jung Sin Lee, Woo Keon Kim; J Korean Cancer Assoc. 1999;31(4):821-829.

Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
We conducted this study to determine the efficacy of conventional treatments for patients with Hodgkin's disease and identify the patients who have poor prognosis and need high-dose chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplantation.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Between Jun. 1989 and Dec. 1997, 50 patients were enrolled and 39 patients were evaluable. Patients were treated with radiotherapy (5 patients) or combination chemotherapy (21 patients) or combined chemotherapy and radiotherapy (13 patients) according to their disease stage. Chemotherapy regimens were C-MOPP (cyclo- phosphamide, vincristine, procarbazine, and prednisone), MOPP (mechlorethamine, vin- cristine, procarbazine, and prednisone), ABVD (doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine), alternating C-MOPP/ABVD, and MOPP/ABV hybrid. Radiation therapy was performed when there was residual tumor after chemotherapy or bulky disease. The response to treatments was analyzed by clinical stage I-II and stage III-IV patients group, respectively.
RESULTS
The complete response rate was 76.9% for total patients, 83.3% for stage I-II patients, and 71.4% for stage III-IV patients. Of the 30 patients achieving complete response, four (13.3%) relapsed at 6, 12, 22, and 28 months after complete response, respectively. The median follow-up duration was 24 months. Nine patients died. Four patients died of Hodgkins disease. Three-year overall survival rate was 72.9% for total patients, 72.5% for stage I-II patients, and 70% for stage III-IV patients. Two-year disease- free survival rate was 77.6% for total patients, 79% for stage I-II stage patients, and 73.9% for stage III-IV patients. The prognostic factor analysis showed that performance status affected the disease-free survival rate.
CONCLUSION
Conventional treatments in patients with Hodgkins disease showed results comparable to previous studies. But we were unable to identify the patients, who need high-dose chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplantation, because of small number of study patients and short follow up duration.

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