Cancer Research and Treatment

Original Articles

Hematologic malignancy

Busulfan, Melphalan, and Etoposide (BuME) Showed an Equivalent Effect to Busulfan, Cyclophosphamide, and Etoposide (BuCE) as Conditioning Therapy for Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation in Patients with Relapsed or High-Risk Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma: A Multicenter Randomized Phase II Study bythe Consortium for Improving Survival of Lymphoma (CISL): Kyoung Ha Kim, Jae Hoon Lee, Mark Lee, Hoon-Gu Kim, Young Rok Do, Yong Park, Sung Yong Oh, Ho-Jin Shin, Won Seog Kim, Seong Kyu Park, Jee Hyun Kong, Moo-Rim Park, Deok-Hwan Yang, Jae-Yong Kwak, Hye Jin Kang, Yeung-Chul Mun, Jong-Ho Won; Cancer Res Treat. 2023;55(1):304-313. Published online March 30, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2022.004

Purpose
High-dose chemotherapy followed by autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) is the standard management for relapsed or high-risk non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL). We reported the busulfan, melphalan, and etoposide (BuME) conditioning regimen was effective in patients with relapsed or high-risk NHL. Moreover, the busulfan, cyclophosphamide, and etoposide (BuCE) conditioning regimen has been used widely in ASCT for NHL. Therefore, based on these encouraging results, this randomized phase II multicenter trial compared the outcomes of BuME and BuCE as conditioning therapies for ASCT in patients with NHL.
Materials and Methods
Patients were randomly assigned to receive either BuME (n=36) or BuCE (n=39). The BuME regimen was comprised of busulfan (3.2 mg/kg/day, intravenously) administered on days –7, –6, and –5, etoposide (400 mg/m² intravenously) on days –5 and –4, and melphalan (50 mg/m2/day intravenously) on days –3 and –2. The BuCE regimen was comprised of busulfan (3.2 mg/kg/day intravenously) on days –7, –6, and –5, etoposide (400 mg/m²/day intravenously) on days –5 and –4, and cyclophosphamide (50 mg/kg/day intravenously) on days –3 and –2. The primary endpoint was 2-year progression-free survival (PFS).
Results
Seventy-five patients were enrolled. Eleven patients (30.5%) in the BuME group and 13 patients (33.3%) in the BuCE group had disease progression or died. The 2-year PFS rate was 65.4% in the BuME group and 60.6% in the BuCE group (p=0.746). There were no non-relapse mortalities within 100 days after transplantation.
Conclusion
There were no significant differences in PFS between the two groups. Therefore, busulfan-based conditioning regimens, BuME and BuCE, may be important treatment substitutes for the BCNU-containing regimens.

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Shorting of existing conditioning regimen for relapsed/refractory gastric diffuse large B-cell lymphoma transplant and studying its related outcomes: A first of its kind case report
Priyatesh Chandra Dwivedi, Yasam Venkata Ramesh, Raj Nagarkar
Iraqi Journal of Hematology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
CEAC (oral semustine, etoposide, cytarabine and cyclophosphamide) vs BEAM (carmustine, etoposide, cytarabine, and melphalan) conditioning regimen of autologous stem cell transplantation for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: a post-hoc, propensity score-match
Tao Wang, Ping Liu, Lili Xu, Lei Gao, Xiong Ni, Gusheng Tang, Li Chen, Jie Chen, Libing Wang, Yang Wang, Weijia Fu, Wenqin Yue, Na Liu, Ruobing Li, Guihua Lu, Yanrong Luo, Jianmin Yang
Annals of Hematology.2024; 103(2): 575. CrossRef

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A Randomized, Open-Label, Phase II Study Comparing Pemetrexed Plus Cisplatin Followed by Maintenance Pemetrexed versus Pemetrexed Alone in Patients with Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR)-Mutant Non-small Cell Lung Cancer after Failure of First-Line EGFR Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor: KCSG-LU12-13: Kwai Han Yoo, Su Jin Lee, Jinhyun Cho, Ki Hyeong Lee, Keon Uk Park, Ki Hwan Kim, Eun Kyung Cho, Yoon Hee Choi, Hye Ryun Kim, Hoon-Gu Kim, Heui June Ahn, Ha Yeon Lee, Hwan Jung Yun, Jin-Hyoung Kang, Jaeheon Jeong, Moon Young Choi, Sin-Ho Jung, Jong-Mu Sun, Se-Hoon Lee, Jin Seok Ahn, Keunchil Park, Myung-Ju Ahn; Cancer Res Treat. 2019;51(2):718-726. Published online September 3, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2018.324

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Purpose
The optimal cytotoxic regimens have not been established for patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who develop disease progression on first-line epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI).
Materials and Methods
We conducted a multi-center randomized phase II trial to compare the clinical outcomes between pemetrexed plus cisplatin combination therapy followed by maintenance pemetrexed (PC) and pemetrexed monotherapy (P) after failure of first-line EGFR-TKI. The primary objective was progression-free survival (PFS), and secondary objectives included overall response rate (ORR), overall survival (OS), health-related quality of life (HRQOL), and safety and toxicity profiles.
Results
A total of 96 patientswere randomized, and 91 patientswere treated at 14 centers in Korea. The ORR was 34.8% (16/46) for the PC arm and 17.8% (8/45) for the P arm (p=0.066). With 23.4 months of follow-up, the median PFS was 5.4 months in the PC arm and 6.4 months in the P arm (p=0.114). The median OS was 17.9 months and 15.7 months in PC and P arms, respectively (p=0.787). Adverse events ≥ grade 3 were reported in 12 patients (26.1%) in the PC arm and nine patients (20.0%) in the P arm (p=0.491). The overall time trends of HRQOL were not significantly different between the two arms.
Conclusion
The outcomes of pemetrexed therapy in NSCLC patients with disease progression after firstline EGFR-TKI might not be improved by adding cisplatin.

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R.A. Soo, K. Vervita, M. Früh, B.C. Cho, M. Majem, D. Rodriguez Abreu, K. Ribi, A. Callejo, T. Moran, M. Domine Gomez, M. Provencio, A. Addeo, J.Y. Han, A.L. Ortega Granados, M. Reck, A. Blasco, R. Garcia Campelo, M.A. Sala González, C. Britschgi, H. Rosc
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Osimertinib with Chemotherapy in EGFR -Mutated NSCLC

New England Journal of Medicine.2024; 390(5): 478. CrossRef
Real-world outcomes on platinum-containing chemotherapy for EGFR-mutated advanced nonsquamous NSCLC with prior exposure to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors
Balazs Halmos, Pragya Rai, Jae Min, Xiaohan Hu, Diana Chirovsky, Mark Shamoun, Bin Zhao
Frontiers in Oncology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Clinical efficacy and safety of pemetrexed with or without either Bevacizumab or Pembrolizumab in patients with metastatic nonsquamous non–small cell carcinoma
Wang Chun Kwok, Tan Fong Cheong, Ka Yan Chiang, James Chung Man Ho, David Chi Leung Lam, Mary Sau Man Ip, Terence Chi Chun Tam
Asia-Pacific Journal of Clinical Oncology.2023; 19(1): 87. CrossRef
Factors associated with outcomes of second-line treatment for EGFR-mutant non-small-cell lung cancer patients after progression on first- or second-generation EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitor treatment
Cheng-Yu Chang, Chung-Yu Chen, Shih-Chieh Chang, Ching-Yi Chen, Yi-Chun Lai, Chun-Fu Chang, Yu-Feng Wei
Frontiers in Oncology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Association of Quality-of-Life Outcomes in Cancer Drug Trials With Survival Outcomes and Drug Class
Joseph N. Samuel, Christopher M. Booth, Elizabeth Eisenhauer, Michael Brundage, Scott R. Berry, Bishal Gyawali
JAMA Oncology.2022; 8(6): 879. CrossRef
Drug resistance mechanisms and progress in the treatment of EGFR‑mutated lung adenocarcinoma (Review)
Ruizhu Sun, Zhansheng Hou, Yankui Zhang, Bo Jiang
Oncology Letters.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Haematological toxicity of pemetrexed in patients with metastatic non-squamous non-small cell carcinoma of lung with third-space fluid
Wang Chun Kwok, Tan Fong Cheong, Ka Yan Chiang, James Chung Man Ho, David Chi Leung Lam, Mary Sau Man Ip, Terence Chi Chun Tam
Lung Cancer.2021; 152: 15. CrossRef
Exploring the role of epidermal growth factor receptor variant III in meningeal tumors
Rashmi Rana, Vaishnavi Rathi, Kirti Chauhan, Kriti Jain, Satnam Singh Chhabra, Rajesh Acharya, Samir Kumar Kalra, Anshul Gupta, Sunila Jain, Nirmal Kumar Ganguly, Dharmendra Kumar Yadav, Timir Tripathi
PLOS ONE.2021; 16(9): e0255133. CrossRef
Risk factors of nephrotoxicity of maintenance pemetrexed in patients with metastatic non-squamous non-small cell carcinoma of lung
Wang Chun Kwok, Ka Yan Chiang, James Chung Man Ho, David Chi Leung Lam, Mary Sau Man Ip, Terence Chi Chun Tam
Lung Cancer.2021; 162: 169. CrossRef
Impact of Value Frameworks on the Magnitude of Clinical Benefit: Evaluating a Decade of Randomized Trials for Systemic Therapy in Solid Malignancies
Ellen Cusano, Chelsea Wong, Eddy Taguedong, Marcus Vaska, Tasnima Abedin, Nancy Nixon, Safiya Karim, Patricia Tang, Daniel Y. C. Heng, Doreen Ezeife
Current Oncology.2021; 28(6): 4894. CrossRef
Real world experience on maintenance chemotherapy with gemcitabine in second line setting for advanced non-small cell lung carcinoma
Wang Chun Kwok, David Chi Leung Lam, Ka Yan Chiang, James Chung Man Ho, Mary Sau Man Ip, Terence Chi Chun Tam
Journal of Chemotherapy.2020; 32(8): 429. CrossRef

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Randomized Phase III Trial of Irinotecan Plus Cisplatin versus Etoposide Plus Cisplatin in Chemotherapy-Naïve Korean Patients with Extensive-Disease Small Cell Lung Cancer: Dong-Wan Kim, Hoon-Gu Kim, Joo-Hang Kim, Keunchil Park, Hoon-Kyo Kim, Joung Soon Jang, Bong-Seog Kim, Jin-Hyoung Kang, Kyung Hee Lee, Sang-We Kim, Hun Mo Ryoo, Jin-Soo Kim, Ki Hyeong Lee, Jung Hye Kwon, Jin-Hyuk Choi, Sang Won Shin, Seokyung Hahn, Dae Seog Heo; Cancer Res Treat. 2019;51(1):119-127. Published online March 12, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2018.019

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
This randomized phase III study was designed to compare the efficacy and safety of irinote-can plus cisplatin (IP) over etoposide plus cisplatin (EP) in Korean patients with extensive-disease small-cell lung cancer (SCLC).
Materials and Methods
Patients were randomly assigned to receive IP, composed of irinotecan 65 mg/m² intravenously on days 1 and 8+cisplatin 70 mg/m² intravenously on day 1 every 3 weeks, or EP, composed of etoposide 100 mg/m² intravenously on days 1, 2, 3+cisplatin 70 mg/m² intravenously on day 1, every 3 weeks for a maximum of six cycles, until disease progression, or until unacceptable toxicity occurred. The primary endpoint was overall survival.
Results
A total of 362 patients were randomized to IP (n=173) and EP (n=189) arms. There were no significant differences between IP and EP arms for the median overall survival (10.9 months vs. 10.3 months, p=0.120) and the median progression-free survival (6.5 months vs. 5.8 months, p=0.115). However, there was a significant difference in response rate (62.4% vs. 48.2%, p=0.006). The pre-planned subgroup analyses showed that IP was associated with longer overall survival in male (11.3 months vs. 10.1 months, p=0.036), < 65 years old (12.7 months vs. 11.3 months, p=0.024), and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status 0/1 (12.4 months vs. 10.9 months, p=0.040) patient groups. The severity of treatment-related adverse events such as grade 3/4 anemia, nausea and diarrhea was more frequent in patients treated with IP.
Conclusion
The IP chemotherapy did not significantly improve the survival compared with EP chemotherapy in Korean patients with extensive-disease SCLC.

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Guo Lin, Zhuoran Yao, Kai Kang, Hui Wang, Ren Luo, You Lu
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Phase II Study of Dovitinib in Patients with Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer (KCSG-GU11-05): Yoon Ji Choi, Hye Sook Kim, Se Hoon Park, Bong-Seog Kim, Kyoung Ha Kim, Hyo Jin Lee, Hong Suk Song, Dong-Yeop Shin, Ha Young Lee, Hoon-Gu Kim, Kyung Hee Lee, Jae Lyun Lee, Kyong Hwa Park; Cancer Res Treat. 2018;50(4):1252-1259. Published online January 2, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2017.438

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Purpose
Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signals are important in carcinogenesis and progression of prostate cancer. Dovitinib is an oral, pan-class inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR), platelet-derived growth factor receptor, and fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR). We evaluated the efficacy and toxicity of dovitinib in men with metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC).
Materials and Methods
This study was a single-arm, phase II, open-label, multicenter trial of dovitinib 500 mg/day (5-days-on/2-days-off schedule). The primary endpointwas 16-week progression-free survival (PFS). Secondary endpoints were overall survival (OS), toxicity and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) response rate. Biomarker analyses for VEGFR2, FGF23, and FGFR2 using multiplex enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was performed.
Results
Forty-four men were accrued from 11 hospitals. Eighty percent were post-docetaxel. Median PSA was 100 ng/dL, median age was 69, 82% had bone metastases, and 23% had liver metastases. Median cycles of dovitinibwas 2 (range, 0 to 33). Median PFSwas 3.67 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.36 to 5.98) and median OS was 13.70 months (95% CI, 0 to 27.41). Chemotherapy-naïve patients had longer PFS (17.90 months; 95% CI, 9.23 to 28.57) compared with docetaxel-treated patients (2.07 months; 95% CI, 1.73 to 2.41; p=0.001) and the patients with high serum VEGFR2 level over median level (7,800 pg/mL) showed longer PFS compared with others (6.03 months [95% CI, 4.26 to 7.80] vs. 1.97 months [95% CI, 1.79 to 2.15], p=0.023). Grade 3 related adverse events were seen in 40.9% of patients. Grade 1-2 nausea, diarrhea, fatigue, anorexia, and all grade thrombocytopenia are common.
Conclusion
Dovitinib showed modest antitumor activity with manageable toxicities in men with mCRPC. Especially, patients who were chemo-naïve benefitted from dovitinib.

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Phase II Study of Irinotecan and Cisplatin Combination Chemotherapy in Metastatic, Unresectable Esophageal Cancer: Miso Kim, Bhumsuk Keam, Tae-Min Kim, Hoon-Gu Kim, Jin-Soo Kim, Sung Sook Lee, Seong Hoon Shin, Min Kyoung Kim, Keon Uk Park, Dong-Wan Kim, Hwan Jung Yun, Jong Seok Lee, Dae Seog Heo; Cancer Res Treat. 2017;49(2):416-422. Published online July 28, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2016.121

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Purpose
The objective of this multicenter phase II study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of irinotecan and cisplatin combination chemotherapy in metastatic, unresectable esophageal cancer.
Materials and Methods
Patients were treated with irinotecan 65 mg/m² and cisplatin 30 mg/m² on days 1 and 8 of each 21-day treatment cycle. The primary endpoint was response rate, and secondary endpoints were survival, duration of response, initial metabolic response rate, and toxicity.
Results
A total of 27 patients with squamous cell histology were enrolled in the study. The median age of the patients was 61 years. The objective response rate of the 20 patients in the perprotocol group was 30.0% (90% confidence interval [CI], 13.2 to 46.9). The median follow-up duration was 10.0 months, and the median progression-free survival and overall survival were 4.5 months (95% CI, 1.6 to 6.2) and 8.8 months (95% CI, 4.7 to 10.5), respectively. Four of 13 patients (30.8%) evaluated showed initial metabolic response. The median duration of response for partial responders was 5.0 months (range, 3.4 to 8.0 months). The following grade 3/4 treatment-related hematologic toxicities were reported: neutropenia (40.7%), anaemia (22.2%), and thrombocytopenia (7.4%). Two patients experienced febrile neutropenia. The most common grade 3/4 non-hematologic toxicities were asthenia (14.8%) and diarrhoea (11.1%).
Conclusion
Irinotecan and cisplatin combination chemotherapy showed modest anti-tumour activity and manageable toxicity for patients with metastatic, unresectable esophageal cancer.

Citations

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Akira Ooki, Hiroki Osumi, Keisho Chin, Masayuki Watanabe, Kensei Yamaguchi
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Xichao Dai, Leilei Tao, Jinqiu Wang, Wenjuan Wu, Weigang Bian, Xichun Dai, Surong Chen
Cancer Medicine.2023; 12(15): 16108. CrossRef
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Minerva, Amrita Bhat, Sonali Verma, Gresh Chander, Rajeshwer Singh Jamwal, Bhawani Sharma, Audesh Bhat, Taruna Katyal, Rakesh Kumar, Ruchi Shah
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The development and progress of nanomedicine for esophageal cancer diagnosis and treatment
Xiaokun Li, Lingmin Chen, Siyuan Luan, Jianfeng Zhou, Xin Xiao, Yushang Yang, Chengyi Mao, Pinhao Fang, Longqi Chen, Xiaoxi Zeng, Huile Gao, Yong Yuan
Seminars in Cancer Biology.2022; 86: 873. CrossRef
Rh-Endostatin Plus Irinotecan/Cisplatin as Second-Line Therapy for Advanced Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: An Open-Label, Phase II Study
Zhihuang Hu, Si Sun, Xinmin Zhao, Hui Yu, Xianghua Wu, Jialei Wang, Jianhua Chang, Huijie Wang
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Paul B Tchounwou, Shaloam Dasari, Felicite K Noubissi, Paresh Ray, Sanjay Kumar
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Lan Mu, Yan Song, Kuaile Zhao, Ying Liu, Qingxia Fan, Xi Wang, Qun Li, Xiaopeng Wang, Jing Huang
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Mahsa Shahriari, Seyed Mohammad Taghdisi, Khalil Abnous, Mohammad Ramezani, Mona Alibolandi
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Min Liu, Qingqing Jia, Xiaolin Wang, Changjiang Sun, Jianqi Yang, Yanliang Chen, Ying Li, Lingfeng Min, Xizhi Zhang, Caiyun Zhu, Johannes Artiaga Gubat, Yong Chen
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Jinhua Lu, Zechen Lin, Siyu Huang, Yiwei Shen, Jing Jiang, Shengyou Lin, Oliver Micke
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Jiangfang Wang, Chaoyang Xu
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Hiroshi Imazeki, Ken Kato
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Phase II clinical trial using camrelizumab combined with apatinib and chemotherapy as the first‐line treatment of advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Bo Zhang, Ling Qi, Xi Wang, Jianping Xu, Yun Liu, Lan Mu, Xingyuan Wang, Lidan Bai, Jing Huang
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Systemic treatment of advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: chemotherapy, molecular-targeting therapy and immunotherapy
Hidekazu Hirano, Ken Kato
Japanese Journal of Clinical Oncology.2019; 49(5): 412. CrossRef
Carboxylesterase and UDP‐glucuronosyltransferases mediated metabolism of irinotecan: In vitro and in vivo insights from quantitative ultra‐performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis
Yifeng Qin, An Kang, Guisheng Zhou, Huan Wang, Wei Wei, Yujie Cao, Yanyan Chen, Jing Wang, Yajun Shi, Yuping Tang, Jianqin Jiang
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Human non‑small cell lung cancer cells can be sensitized to camptothecin by modulating autophagy
Yi-Han Chiu, Shih-Hsien Hsu, Hsiao-Wei Hsu, Kuo-Chin Huang, Wangta Liu, Chang-Yi Wu, Wei-Pang Huang, Jeff Chen, Bing-Hung Chen, Chien-Chih Chiu
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ECRG2 enhances the anti-cancer effects of cisplatin in cisplatin-resistant esophageal cancer cells via upregulation of p53 and downregulation of PNCA
Xin-Fang Hou, Lin-Ping Xu, Hai-Yan Song, Shuai Li, Chen Wu, Ju-Feng Wang
World Journal of Gastroenterology.2017; 23(10): 1796. CrossRef
Combination of histoculture drug response assay and qPCR as an effective method to screen biomarkers for personalized chemotherapy in esophageal cancer
Bin Wei, Jiru Wang, Xiaohui Zhang, Zhaoye Qian, Jingjing Wu, Yuan Sun, Qin Han, Li Wan, Jing Zhu, Yong Gao, Xiaofei Chen
Oncology Letters.2017;[Epub] CrossRef

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Population-Based Regional Cancer Incidence in Korea: Comparison between Urban and Rural Areas: Haa-Na Song, Se-Il Go, Won Sup Lee, Yire Kim, Hye Jung Choi, Un Seok Lee, Myoung Hee Kang, Gyeong-Won Lee, Hoon-Gu Kim, Jung Hun Kang, Yune Sik Kang, Jeong-Hee Lee, Jin-Myung Jung, Soon Chan Hong; Cancer Res Treat. 2016;48(2):789-797. Published online July 14, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2015.062

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to investigate differences in organ-specific cancer incidence according to the region and population size in Korea.
Materials and Methods
We reviewed the data of the cancer registration program of Gyeongnam Regional Cancer Center between 2008 and 2011. Age-standardized rates of cancer incidence were analyzed according to population size of the region and administrative zone.
Results
Incidence of thyroid cancer has been increasing rapidly in both urban and rural areas. However, the thyroid cancer incidence was much lower in rural areas than in urban areas and megalopolis such as Seoul. Gastric cancer was relatively more common in rural areas, in megalopolis near the sea (Ulsan, Busan, and Incheon), and other southern provinces (Chungcheongnam-do, Gyeongsangbuk-do, and Gyeongsangnam-do). A detailed analysis in Gyeongsangnam-do revealed that rural areas have relatively low incidence of thyroid and colorectal cancer, and relatively high incidence of gastric and lung cancer compared to urban areas.
Conclusion
This study suggests that there are some differences in cancer incidence by population size. Thyroid and colorectal cancer incidence was increasing, and gastric and lung cancer was slightly decreasing in urban areas, whereas gastric and lung cancer incidence still remains high in rural areas.

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Case Report

Cyclosporine A as a Primary Treatment for Panniculitis-like T Cell Lymphoma: A Case with a Long-Term Remission: Won Sup Lee, Ji-Hyen Hwang, Moon Jin Kim, Se-Il Go, Anna Lee, Haa-Na Song, Min Jeong Lee, Myung Hee Kang, Hoon-Gu Kim, Jeong-Hee Lee; Cancer Res Treat. 2014;46(3):312-316. Published online July 15, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2014.46.3.312

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Subcutaneous panniculitis-like T cell lymphoma (SPTL) is a distinctive cutaneous lymphoma characterized by an infiltration of subcutaneous tissue by neoplastic T cells, similar to panniculitis. It is well-established that patients who are diagnosed with SPTL usually respond poorly to chemotherapy, showing fatal outcome. As a first line treatment for SPTL, anthracycline-based chemotherapy was most frequently used. For the treatment of SPTL, the efficacy of cyclosporine A has been recently reported in relapsed SPTL after anthracycline-based chemotherapy. However, it is still not clear whether cyclosporine A can be used as a first-line treatment against SPTL. Here, we report a case of SPTL, which achieved complete remission for nine years after first-line cyclosporine A therapy. This study suggests that cyclosporine A can induce a complete long-term remission as a first-line treatment.

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