Cancer Research and Treatment

Original Articles

General

Therapeutic Effect of Anti-inflammatory Tripeptide Cream in Hand-Foot Syndrome/Skin Reaction Related to Anticancer Drugs: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Pilot Trial: Yaewon Yang, Jang-Hee Hahn, Min Seo Kim, Minkwan Jo, Yong-Pyo Lee, Hongsik Kim, Hee Kyung Kim, Jihyun Kwon, Ki Hyeong Lee, Hye Sook Han; Cancer Res Treat. 2024;56(4):1050-1057. Published online June 5, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2024.080

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Purpose
Hand-foot syndrome (HFS) and hand-foot skin reaction (HFSR) are relatively common toxicities that interfere with the quality of life (QoL) of patients with cancer. Anti-inflammatory tripeptide cream (ATPC) is a complex formulation of anti-inflammatory tripeptides, the CD99-agonist Binterin and the Wnt-antagonist Winhibin. The present study aimed to assess the therapeutic effects of ATPC in HFS/HFSR associated with anticancer drugs.
Materials and Methods
This was a single-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Patients who developed grade 1 HFS/HFSR after systemic anticancer treatments were enrolled, and randomly assigned to receive either ATPC or placebo cream (PC) and followed up at 3-week intervals for up to 9 weeks. Primary endpoint was the development of grade ≥ 2 HFS/HFSR.
Results
Between April 2019 and July 2022, 60 patients (31 in the ATPC and 29 in the PC group) completed the study. The incidence of grade ≥ 2 HFS/HFSR was significantly lower in the ATPC than in the PC group (25.8% vs. 51.7%, p=0.039). The ATPC showed trends towards a better QoL score, assessed by a HFSR and QoL questionnaire at 9 weeks (26.0 vs. 29.9, p=0.574), and a lower frequency of discontinuation, interruption, or dose reduction of anticancer drugs (51.6% vs. 58.6%, p=0.586) than the PC group over 9 weeks, though without statistical significance.
Conclusion
Our results showed that ATPC significantly decreased the development of grade ≥ 2 HFS/HFSR in patients already with HFS/HFSR. Therefore, ATPC may be an effective treatment for HFS/HFSR associated with anticancer drugs.

Citations

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The Effect of Topical Heparin Gel on Reducing Hand–Foot Syndrome Symptoms in Cancer Patients Treated with Capecitabine
Maede Mirjalili, Yaser Salehinajafabadi, Hadi Raeisi Shahraki, Rohollah Masumi
South Asian Journal of Cancer.2025; 14(02): 186. CrossRef
Advanced statistical methods for the analysis of data in cosmetic science studies
Maheshvari Patel, Nayan Patel, Sanyukta Dhara, Shambhavi Srivastava
International Journal of Clinical Trials.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Chemotherapy-induced hand-foot syndrome among Chinese inpatients: a qualitative descriptive study in Shanghai
Jie Zhang, Lei Huang, Qianyun He, Xueqin Deng, WenQi Xi, Mei Wang
BMJ Open.2025; 15(11): e102919. CrossRef

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Genitourinary cancer

Neoadjuvant Nivolumab Plus Gemcitabine/Cisplatin Chemotherapy in Muscle-Invasive Urothelial Carcinoma of the Bladder: Hongsik Kim, Byong Chang Jeong, Joohyun Hong, Ghee Young Kwon, Chan Kyo Kim, Won Park, Hongryull Pyo, Wan Song, Hyun Hwan Sung, Jung Yong Hong, Se Hoon Park; Cancer Res Treat. 2023;55(2):636-642. Published online October 6, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2022.343

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Purpose
The activity and safety of neoadjuvant nivolumab plus gemcitabine/cisplatin (N+GC) were tested in patients with muscle-invasive bladder urothelial carcinoma (MIBC).
Materials and Methods
In a prospective phase II trial, patients with cT2-T4a N0 MIBC who were eligible for cisplatin and medically appropriate to undergo radical cystectomy (RC) were enrolled. Treatment with nivolumab 3 mg/kg on days 1 and 15 plus GC (cisplatin 70 mg/m2 on day 1, and gemcitabine 1,000 mg/m2 on days 1, 8, and 15) was repeated every 28 days up to 3 or 4 cycles, depending on the surgery schedules. The primary endpoint was pathologic complete response (pCR, ypT0). Secondary endpoints included pathologic downstaging (≤ ypT1), disease-free survival (DFS), and safety.
Results
Between September 2019 and October 2020, 51 patients were enrolled. Neoadjuvant N+GC was well tolerated. Among 49 patients who completed neoadjuvant N+GC, clinical complete response (cCR) was achieved in 59% of intent-to-treat (ITT) population. RC was performed in 34 (69%) patients. pCR was achieved in 24% (12/49) of ITT population and 35% (12/34) of RC patients. Median DFS was not reached. Over a median follow-up of 24 months, 12 patients experienced disease recurrence and were treated with palliative therapy or surgery. Although 12 patients declined surgery and were treated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy, DFS was longer in patients with cCR after neoadjuvant therapy than those without. Preoperative programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) did not correlate with pCR or pathologic downstaging rates.
Conclusion
Neoadjuvant N+GC was feasible and provided meaningful pathologic responses in patients with MIBC, regardless of baseline PD-L1 expression (ONO-4538-X41; CRIS.nih.go.kr, KCT0003804).

Citations

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Marie-Pier St-Laurent, Jussi Nikkola, Eisuke Tomiyama, Peter C. Black
Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology.2026; 23(3): 158. CrossRef
Neoadjuvant immune checkpoint inhibitors for muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Ana Luíza Rocha Soares Menegat, Brenda Luana Rocha Soares Menegat, Luana Diniz Guerra Braz, Maria Victória Ferreira Piccoli, Thiago Gorayeb Rebelo, Francisco Cezar Aquino de Moraes
Immunotherapy.2026; 18(2): 139. CrossRef
Celastrol inhibits the immune escape and proliferation of triple – negative breast cancer (TNBC) through the LKB1 – AMPK – PD-L1/MYC signaling pathway
Mengna Shi, Yujie Li, Wanyu Jin, Yang Xiong
International Immunopharmacology.2026; 179: 116546. CrossRef
Visualizing eligibility gaps between muscle-invasive bladder cancer trials and real-world patients
Takaki Ichiyama, Takuma Narita, Yuya Sekine, Masanao Shinohara, Yohei Kawashima, Mizuki Kobayashi, Kazuyuki Numakura, Jotaro Mikami, Naoki Fujita, Teppei Okamoto, Hayato Yamamoto, Shintaro Narita, Satoshi Sato, Tomonori Habuchi, Chikara Ohyama, Shingo Hat
Japanese Journal of Clinical Oncology.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
Choosing neoadjuvant therapy for muscle-invasive bladder cancer based on efficacy-safety trade-off: a network meta-analysis
Zilin Zhao, Xinyu Liu, Qikai Zhong, Lin Liu, Runze Pan, Junzhi Chen, Xinlei Wang, Xing Liu, Jiangshang Bao, Yufeng Sun, Conghui Han, Zhenduo Shi, Qing Liang
Frontiers in Oncology.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
Enfortumab vedotin monotherapy, enfortumab vedotin plus pembrolizumab, and immune checkpoint inhibitor-based neoadjuvant therapy for muscle-invasive bladder cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Shugo Yajima, Soichiro Yoshida, Naoki Imasato, Wei Chen, Hiroshi Fukushima, Hajime Tanaka, Hitoshi Masuda, Yasuhisa Fujii
Urologic Oncology: Seminars and Original Investigations.2026; 44(9): 422. CrossRef
Response evaluation of neoadjuvant therapy in MIBC: clinical trial‐derived evidence to guide practice
Roberto Contieri, Bas W.G. van Rhijn, Richard Cathomas, Anja Lorch, Daniela Oprea‐Lager, Paramananthan Mariappan, Francesco Sanguedolce, Antoine G. van der Heijden, Laura S. Mertens
BJU International.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
Evaluating Neoadjuvant Immunochemotherapeutic Response for Bladder Carcinoma Using Amide Proton Transfer-Weighted MRI
Lingmin Kong, Bei Weng, Qian Cai, Ling Ma, Wenxin Cao, Yanling Chen, Long Qian, Yan Guo, Junxing Chen, Huanjun Wang
Academic Radiology.2025; 32(4): 2090. CrossRef
Current and Future Role of Circulating DNA in the Diagnosis and Management of Urothelial Carcinoma
Joaquim Bellmunt, Brian M. Russell, Bernadett Szabados, Begoña P. Valderrama, Rosa Nadal
American Society of Clinical Oncology Educational Book.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Comparison of neoadjuvant chemotherapy and combined chemotherapy with immunotherapy for muscle-invasive bladder cancer: a propensity score-matched analysis
Hao Zhang
American Journal of Translational Research.2025; 17(1): 125. CrossRef
Improving Urothelial Carcinoma Outcomes: The Powerful Combination of Neoadjuvant and Adjuvant Chemotherapy in the Perioperative Period
Jincong Li, Yuxuan Song, Rui Chen, Hanlin Gao, Yang Liu, Yun Peng, Jilin Wu, Shicong Lai, Yiqing Du, Caipeng Qin, Tao Xu
Annals of Surgical Oncology.2025; 32(8): 6141. CrossRef
The practical roadmap for peri-cystectomy approaches in muscle-invasive bladder cancer
Joseph Kattan, Clarisse Kattan, Fouad Aoun, Elie Nemr
Frontiers in Oncology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Neoadjuvant immunotherapy for muscle-invasive bladder cancer: a 2025 update
Ilias Giannakodimos, Afroditi Ziogou, Alexios Giannakodimos, Konstantinos Tzelepis, Zisis Kratiras, Evangelos Fragkiadis, Ioannis Zachos, Vasileios Tzortzis, Michael Chrisofos, Nikolaos Charalampakis
Immunotherapy.2025; 17(6): 447. CrossRef
Oncolytic viruses: a promising therapy for malignant pleural effusion and solid tumors
Xinya Wang, Qin Zhou, Xuyan Zhang, Han Hu, Binlei Liu, Yang Wang
Frontiers in Immunology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Advancements in systemic therapy for muscle-invasive bladder cancer: A systematic review from the beginning to the latest updates
Takafumi Yanagisawa, Akihiro Matsukawa, Jeremy Yuen-Chun Teoh, Keiichiro Mori, Tatsushi Kawada, Satoshi Katayama, Paweł Rajwa, Fahad Quhal, Benjamin Pradere, Marco Moschini, Shahrokh F. Shariat, Jun Miki, Takahiro Kimura
Bladder Cancer.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Impact of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors as Neoadjuvant Therapy for Muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer: A Systematic Review, Meta-analysis, and Network Meta-analysis
Akihiro Matsukawa, Angelo Cormio, Marcin Miszczyk, Mehdi Kardoust Parizi, Tamás Fazekas, Ichiro Tsuboi, Stefano Mancon, Robert J. Schulz, Giulio Litterio, Ekaterina Laukhtina, Paweł Rajwa, Thomas Seisen, Keiichiro Mori, Francesca Sanguedolce, Andrea Bened
European Urology Oncology.2025; 8(6): 1673. CrossRef
Novel neoadjuvant therapies for muscle‐invasive bladder cancer: Systematic review and meta‐analysis
Shugo Yajima, Naoki Imasato, Hitoshi Masuda
BJUI Compass.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Optimizing enfortumab vedotin plus pembrolizumab therapy
Elias Antoine Karam, Yaghi César Céline, Gilles Prince, Fouad Attieh, Hampig Raphael Kourie, Joseph Kattan, Elie Nemer
Oncotarget.2025; 16(1): 481. CrossRef
Neoadjuvant PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitors for Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer: A Meta-Analysis
Lian Hu, Jia-Wei Hu, Chang-Quan Wang, Rui-Ying Li, Song Li
Clinical Genitourinary Cancer.2025; 23(5): 102408. CrossRef
Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer: A Watershed Moment
Matthew D. Galsky, Leslie Ballas, Ashish M. Kamat
Journal of Clinical Oncology.2025; 43(27): 3041. CrossRef
Current Status and Future Perspectives of Immunotherapies in Bladder Cancer
Gökhan Çolak, Bilgin Demir
Acta Haematologica Oncologica Turcica.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Assessing clinical complete response after neoadjuvant systemic therapy in muscle-invasive bladder cancer: a systematic review
Navid Roessler, Marcin Miszczyk, Paolo Gontero, Keiichiro Miyajima, Shota Inoue, Ahmed R. Alfarhan, Abdulrahman S. Alqahtani, Markus von Deimling, Malte W. Vetterlein, Jeremy Yuen-Chun Teoh, David D’Andrea, Margit Fisch, Shahrokh F. Shariat
World Journal of Urology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Efficacy and safety of neoadjuvant PD-1 inhibitors or PD-L1 inhibitors for muscle invasive bladder cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Shibo Huang, Yanping Huang, Chunyan Li, Yiwen Liang, Miaoyan Huang, Raoshan Luo, Weiming Liang
Frontiers in Immunology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
What’s new about the tumor microenvironment of urothelial carcinoma?
João Queirós Coelho, Maria João Ramos, Ridhi Ranchor, Rita Pichel, Laura Guerra, Hugo Miranda, Joana Simões, Sérgio Xavier Azevedo, Joana Febra, António Araújo
Clinical and Translational Oncology.2024; 26(7): 1549. CrossRef
A bibliometric insight into neoadjuvant chemotherapy in bladder cancer: trends, collaborations, and future avenues
Yi Huang, Chengxiao Liao, Zefeng Shen, Yitong Zou, Weibin Xie, Qinghua Gan, Yuhui Yao, JunJiong Zheng, Jianqiu Kong
Frontiers in Immunology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Bladder-sparing treatment using tislelizumab combined with gemcitabine/cisplatin in selected patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer: a real-world study
Cheng Luo, Shuhang Luo, Wumier Wusimanjiang, Zongren Wang, Ping Liu, Bin Wang, Dan Yuan, Hao Lin, Abai Xu, Nan Deng, Kaihui Wu, Xuejin Zhu, Peng Xu, Junxing Chen, Bin Huang
Clinical and Translational Oncology.2024; 26(7): 1759. CrossRef
Neoadjuvant Cisplatin-Based Chemotherapy Followed by Selective Bladder Preservation Chemoradiotherapy in Muscle-Invasive Urothelial Carcinoma of the Bladder: Post Hoc Analysis of Two Prospective Studies
Sung Wook Cho, Sung Hee Lim, Ghee Young Kwon, Chan Kyo Kim, Won Park, Hongryull Pyo, Jae Hoon Chung, Wan Song, Hyun Hwan Sung, Byong Chang Jeong, Se Hoon Park
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Perioperative Durvalumab with Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Operable Bladder Cancer
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Recent developments in perioperative combination therapy in muscle-invasive bladder cancer
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Lung and Thoracic cancer

EGFR Mutation–Positive Unresectable Stage III Non-Squamous Lung Cancer Is Associated with a High Incidence of Brain Metastasis: Hongsik Kim, Sehhoon Park, Hyun Ae Jung, Jong-Mu Sun, Se-Hoon Lee, Jin Seok Ahn, Myung-Ju Ahn; Cancer Res Treat. 2023;55(2):498-505. Published online October 4, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2022.388

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Purpose
The impact of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation in locally advanced non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains controversial. This study was conducted to investigate the clinical outcomes and recurrence patterns after definitive chemoradiotherapy (CRT) in patients with unresectable stage III non-squamous-cell lung cancer according to EGFR mutation status.
Materials and Methods
We retrospectively reviewed 604 patients with pathologically confirmed stage III NSCLC who were treated with definitive CRT and were examined for EGFR mutation at Samsung Medical Center, Korea, from January 2013 to December 2018. Among them, we identified 236 patients with stage III non-squamous-cell lung cancer who were treated with definitive CRT and were examined for EGFR mutation status. We analyzed the frequency of EGFR mutation, progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), objective response rate (ORR), and recurrence pattern.
Results
Among 236 patients, EGFR mutation was detected in 71 patients (30.1%) and the median follow-up duration was 41.7 months. There were no significant differences in PFS (9.9 vs. 10.9 months, p=0.236), and ORR to CRT (93.0% vs. 90.3%, p=0.623) according to EGFR mutation status. However, the EGFR mutant group showed significantly higher recurrence (88.7% vs. 75.2%, p=0.022), distant metastasis (76.1% vs. 61.2%, p=0.036) rates, especially brain (38.0% vs. 12.7%, p < 0.001), and better median OS (59.2 vs. 41.3 months, p=0.037) compared with patients without EGFR mutation.
Conclusion
Patients with EGFR mutation–positive unresectable stage III non-squamous lung cancer exhibited higher recurrence and distant metastasis rates, especially brain metastasis.

Citations

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Unresectable stage III non-small-cell lung cancer: state of the art and challenges
Jordi Remon, Antonin Levy, Romane Gille, Isabelle Martel-Lafay, Martina Bortolot, Lizza E. L. Hendriks, Corinne Faivre-Finn, Natasha Leighl, Martin Reck, Maurice Pérol
Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology.2026; 23(1): 22. CrossRef
Survival outcomes in EGFR-mutant versus wild-type locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer treated with definitive chemoradiotherapy alone in the pre-PACIFIC/LAURA trial era: A systematic review and meta-analysis using reconstructed individual patient
Satoru Ochiai, Takamitsu Mase, Yutaka Toyomasu, Akinori Takada, Miwako Nomura, Noriko Ii, Takashi Daimon, Nobukazu Fuwa, Yoshihito Nomoto
Cancer Treatment and Research Communications.2026; 48: 101304. CrossRef
Targeting Classical EGFR Mutations in Lung Cancer: Twenty Years of Progress and Beyond
Yuji Uehara, Hiroto Hatano, Jia-Tao Zhang, Jiefei Han, Kevin L. M. Chua, Stephanie P. L. Saw
Cancers.2026; 18(15): 2401. CrossRef
TFAP2A facilitates the metastasis and radioresistance of esophageal cancer by promoting EGFR transcription
Jinjin Yuan, Junqi Liu, Ruitai Fai, Zongwen Liu
Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology.2025; 398(8): 10239. CrossRef
Cost-Effectiveness of Adjuvant Osimertinib With and Without Chemotherapy for Surgically Resected NSCLC
Angelos Vasilopoulos, Alexander Pohlman, Ayham Odeh, K. Robert Shen, Julia M. Coughlin, Zaid M. Abdelsattar
JTO Clinical and Research Reports.2025; 6(6): 100833. CrossRef
Prognostic Factors in Postoperative Brain Metastases Derive From Non-small Cell Lung Cancer: A Retrospective Analysis
Haibin Chen, Liang Sun, Zhi Yang, Yuanyuan Qu, Nanyang Tong, Caixing Sun, Liang Xia
Clinical Medicine Insights: Oncology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Brain metastasis screening in the molecular age
Joanna K Tabor, Amanda Onoichenco, Vinayak Narayan, A Gabriella Wernicke, Randy S D’Amico, Morana Vojnic
Neuro-Oncology Advances.2023;[Epub] CrossRef

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Case Report

Osimertinib Combined with Systemic Chemotherapy for EGFR Mutant, T790M-Negative, Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients Who Develop Leptomeningeal Metastases with Extracranial Progression to Prior EGFR TKI: Hye Ryeon Kim, Hyunji Jo, Hongsik Kim, Joohyun Hong, Sehhoon Park, Hyun Ae Jung, Se-Hoon Lee, Jin-Seok Ahn, Myung-Ju Ahn; Cancer Res Treat. 2023;55(1):344-349. Published online March 26, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2021.1603

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Leptomeningeal metastasis (LM) is a rare but fatal clinical condition with a short survival time. The incidence of LM from epidermal growth factor receptor mutant (EGFRm) non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has increased due to the limited efficacy of first- or second-generation epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in the central nervous system (CNS). Osimertinib is a third-generation, irreversible, CNS penetrant, oral EGFR TKI that demonstrates promising efficacy in CNS metastases regardless of T790M. Herein, we report four cases of T790M-negative EGFRm NSCLC patients treated with osimertinib combined with systemic chemotherapy, who progressed on prior EGFR TKI and developed LM with extracranial lesions. The combination treatment was well tolerated, and the mean overall survival from LM diagnosis was 14.7 months (95% confidence interval, 10.4 to 19.0). These results suggest that osimertinib combined with systemic chemotherapy would be a reasonable treatment option for T790M-negative EGFRm NSCLC patients who develop LM with extracranial progression to prior EGFR TKI. A further prospective study is warranted.

Citations

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Strategies of overcoming osimertinib resistance in EGFR-mutated non-small cell lung cancer
Qiong Jiang, Yanxia Jin, Weidong Wang, Ying Chen, Leyi Tian, Xiaoyu Wang, Aobo Wu, Ruizhi Tian, Jicheng Pan, Yongsheng Gong
Journal of Drug Targeting.2026; 34(3): 358. CrossRef
The research progress on meningeal metastasis in solid tumors
Yi Yue, Yuqing Ren, Chunya Lu, Nan Jiang, Sihui Wang, Junkai Fu, Mengrui Kong, Guojun Zhang
Discover Oncology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Overcoming refractory leptomeningeal metastasis in nonsmall cell lung cancer with intrathecal pemetrexed and osimertinib: a case report
Li Xue, Xuhui Zhao, Xiaohui Tai, XuXia Zhang, Lingfang Zhang, Hongling Li
Anti-Cancer Drugs.2025; 36(9): 764. CrossRef
A survival prediction model for leptomeningeal metastasis patients with non-small cell lung cancer based on deep learning
Kai Jin, Yuanyuan Qu, Sheng Li, Caixing Sun, Lin Wang
BMC Cancer.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
An overview of the therapeutic strategies for neoplastic meningitis due to breast cancer: when and why?
Mainak Bardhan, Debankur Dey, Vinay Suresh, Binish Javed, Vyshak Alva Venur, Neha Joe, Ritvika Kalidindi, Ahmad Ozair, Marium Khan, Reshma Mahtani, Simon Lo, Yazmin Odia, Manmeet S. Ahluwalia
Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics.2024; 24(1): 77. CrossRef
Osimertinib is associated with improved outcomes in pre-treated non-small cell lung cancer leptomeningeal metastases: A systematic review and meta-analysis
David J.H. Bian, Anna-Maria Lazaratos, Sarah M. Maritan, Andrea Quaiattini, Zhimin Zeng, Zhengfei Zhu, Ugur Sener, Rachna Malani, Yu Jung Kim, Eiki Ichihara, Victor Cohen, April A.N. Rose, Nathaniel Bouganim, Matthew Dankner
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Original Articles

Breast cancer

Real-World Evidence of Trastuzumab, Pertuzumab, and Docetaxel Combination as a First-Line Treatment for Korean Patients with HER2-Positive Metastatic Breast Cancer: Yong-Pyo Lee, Min-Sang Lee, HongSik Kim, Ji-Yeon Kim, Jin Seok Ahn, Young-Hyuck Im, Yeon Hee Park; Cancer Res Treat. 2022;54(4):1130-1137. Published online January 17, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2021.1103

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
Trastuzumab has markedly improved the survival outcomes of patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)–positive breast cancer, and dual blockade of HER2 using trastuzumab and pertuzumab in combination with taxanes (THP) has become a standard of care for HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer (MBC) worldwide since the CLEOPATRA trial. We assessed the outcomes of THP as a first-line treatment for Korean HER2-positive MBC patients in the real-world setting.
Materials and Methods
Between August 2008 and October 2020, we identified 228 HER2-positive MBC patients who received THP as a first-line palliative chemotherapy. We analyzed survival outcomes, efficacy, and adverse events of THP retrospectively.
Results
After a median follow-up duration of 28.7 months, median overall survival and progression-free survival were 58.3 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 36.6 to 80.0) and 19.1 months (95% CI, 16.2 to 21.9), respectively. Better survival outcomes were observed in patient who received docetaxel for more than six cycles. Patients exposed to anti-HER2 directed therapies in a perioperative setting had poor survival outcomes. The overall response rate was 86.8% with a complete response (CR) rate of 17.7%. Among responders, 16.7% of patients sustained THP over 35 months and showed better survivals and higher CR rates. Adverse events were comparable to those reported in previous studies.
Conclusion
In a real-world context, clinical outcomes of Korean HER2-positive MBC patients treated with THP were similar to those of patients in the CLEOPATRA trial. Much longer follow-up results would be warranted.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Trastuzumab deruxtecan: Redefining precision oncology across HER2-driven cancers
Pooya Jalali, Azhar Saeed, Sahar Taher, Anwaar Saeed
Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology.2026; 217: 105019. CrossRef
From intravenous to subcutaneous pertuzumab/trastuzumab in breast cancer: Clinical and pharmacoeconomic drivers and barriers to switching
Mariangela Gaudio, Anna Floreani, Greta Schivardi, Domiziana Alaimo, Vera Basilico, Isabella Lorenzetti, Cristina Crepaldi, Benedetta Tinterri, Antonella Panzardi, Daniela Strada, Giuseppe Saltalamacchia, Flavia Jacobs, Chiara Benvenuti, Riccardo Gerosa,
Tumori Journal.2026; 112(1): 22. CrossRef
Pertuzumab–Docetaxel–Trastuzumab regimen in HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer: Real-world data from India
Ajay Gogia, Atul Batra, Ashutosh Mishra, Kamal Kataria, Surendra K Saini, Sandeep Mathur, Chandra P Prasad, Hari Krishna Raju Sagiraju
Cancer Treatment and Research Communications.2026; 47: 101196. CrossRef
Translating CLEOPATRA into routine practice: National treatment patterns and survival for patients with HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer
Kathrine F. Vandraas, Sarah Hjorth, Cassia B. Trewin-Nybråten, Bettina K. Andreassen, Egil S. Blix, Bjørn Naume, Edoardo Botteri, Giske Ursin, Nathalie C. Støer
The Breast.2026; 89: 104852. CrossRef
Pertuzumab in Combination with Trastuzumab and Docetaxel as Adjuvant Doublet Therapy for HER2-Positive Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review
Ignacio Ventura, Nerea Pinilla Salcedo, Marcelino Pérez-Bermejo, Javier Pérez-Murillo, Manuel Tejeda-Adell, Francisco Tomás-Aguirre, María Ester Legidos-García, María Teresa Murillo-Llorente
International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2025; 26(5): 1908. CrossRef
Recent advances in immunotherapy for breast cancer
Yi Guo, Gang Zheng, Yu Fan, Liangchang Li, Yang Sun
Discover Oncology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Real-world impact of dual anti-HER2 antibodies on cardiac function in patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2–positive metastatic breast cancer
Kelvin KH. Bao, Jeffrey CH. Chan, Jocelyn G. Chan, Leone Sutanto, Ka Man Cheung, Harry HY. Yiu
The Breast.2024; 73: 103612. CrossRef
Bilateral inflammatory recurrence of HER-2 positive breast cancer: a unique case report and literature review
Rong Qin, Xiangyang Wang, Tingting Fan, Ting Wu, Chao Lu, Xun Shao, Liang Yin
Frontiers in Oncology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Biosensing chips for cancer diagnosis and treatment: a new wave towards clinical innovation
Muhammad Javed Iqbal, Zeeshan Javed, Jesús Herrera-Bravo, Haleema Sadia, Faiza Anum, Shahid Raza, Arifa Tahir, Muhammad Naeem Shahwani, Javad Sharifi-Rad, Daniela Calina, William C. Cho
Cancer Cell International.2022;[Epub] CrossRef

13,769 View
393 Download
10 Web of Science
9 Crossref

Lung and Thoracic cancer

Long-term Survival in Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients with Metachronous Brain-Only Oligorecurrence Who Underwent Definitive Treatment: Hongsik Kim, Sehhoon Park, Hyun Ae Jung, Jong-Mu Sun, Se-Hoon Lee, Jin Seok Ahn, Keunchil Park, Myung-Ju Ahn; Cancer Res Treat. 2022;54(1):150-156. Published online May 6, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2021.306

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Purpose
Metachronous brain-only oligorecurrence in patients with non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a rare event with favorable prognosis, but the clinical outcome has not been fully determined. We retrospectively analyzed clinical outcomes and prognostic factors in metachronous brain-only oligorecurrence in patients with NSCLC who underwent definitive treatment.
Materials and Methods
We reviewed 4,437 NSCLC patients without oncogenic driver mutations who underwent definitive treatment between 2008 and 2018. Among them, we identified 327 patients who developed 1 to 5 brain metastases with or without systemic metastasis. Of the 327 patients, 71 had metachronous brain-only oligorecurrence without extracranial progression and were treated with local therapy to the brain. Overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and prognostic factors affecting OS were analyzed.
Results
The median OS was 38.9 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 21.8 to 56.1 months) in 71 patients. The 2-year OS rate was 67.8% and the 5-year OS rate was 33.1%. The median PFS was 25.5 months (95% CI, 12.2 to 14.4 months). The longest surviving patient had a survival period of 115 months. Through multivariate analysis, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group ≥ 1 (hazard ratio, 5.33; p=0.005) was associated with poor survival. There was no significant difference in OS between patients with local therapy and those with local plus systemic therapy (18.5 months vs. 34.7 months, p=0.815).
Conclusion
Metachronous brain-only oligorecurrence NSCLC patients who underwent definitive treatment experienced long-term survival with local therapy, highlighting the unique patient population. The role of systemic chemotherapy in this patient population requires further investigation.

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