Cancer Research and Treatment

Original Articles

Gastrointestinal cancer

One-Week versus Two-Week Chemoradiotherapy Followed by Curative Surgery in Rectal Cancer: Long-Term Comparative Pooled Analysis of Two Prospective Multicenter Phase II Trials: Soo-Yoon Sung, Dae Yong Kim, Hong Seok Jang, Tae Hyun Kim, Hee Chul Park, Eui Kyu Chie, Taek-Keun Nam, Sung Hwan Kim, Jong Hoon Lee; Cancer Res Treat. 2023;55(3):918-926. Published online February 27, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2022.1646

Purpose
The optimal short-course chemotherapeutic regimen for rectal cancer has not been clearly defined until now. KROG 10-01 and KROG 11-02 prospective trials investigated the efficacy and safety of 1- and 2-week chemoradiotherapy (CRT), respectively.
Materials and Methods
Patients eligible for KROG 10-01 and KROG 11-02 involved those with clinical T3-4N0-2M0 rectal cancers. They received preoperative CRT and total mesorectal excision. Patients in KROG 10-01 received radiation of 25 Gy in 5 fractions during 1 week with 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin. Patients in KROG 11-02 received radiation of 33 Gy in 10 fractions for 2 weeks with oral capecitabine.
Results
A total of 150 patients consisting of 70 patients from KROG 10-01 and 80 patients from KROG 11-02 were collectively analyzed. With a median follow-up time of 89.2 months, the 5-year overall survival rate was 86.5% in 1-week CRT and 85.3% in 2-week CRT (p=0.841). The 5-year recurrence-free survival rate was 83.5% in 1-week CRT and 77.1% in 2-week CRT (p=0.448). One patient (1.4%) in 1-week CRT and 11 patients (13.8%) in 2-week CRT exhibited pathologic complete regression (ypT0N0M0) after radiotherapy (p=0.006). One-week CRT had significantly higher acute hematologic (12.8% vs. 3.8%, p=0.040) and nonhematologic (38.6% vs. 16.3%, p=0.002) toxicity than 2-week CRT.
Conclusion
Both 1- and 2-week schedules of CRT showed favorable survival outcomes after 7 years of follow-up. But, 2-week course achieved more increased tumor response and decreased acute toxicity than 1-week course.

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Is lateral pelvic lymph node dissection necessary for good responder to neoadjuvant chemoradiation in locally advanced rectal cancer?
Jung Hoon Bae, Jumyung Song, Ji Hoon Kim, Bong-Hyeon Kye, In Kyu Lee, Hyeon-Min Cho, Yoon Suk Lee
Surgical Oncology.2025; 61: 102249. CrossRef

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Current Trends in the Quality Assessment of Colorectal Cancer Practice and Treatment in South Korea during 2012-2017: Kyu Hye Choi, Jin Ho Song, Hong Seok Jang, Sung Hwan Kim, Jong Hoon Lee; Cancer Res Treat. 2021;53(2):487-496. Published online October 6, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2020.623

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Purpose
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is increasing in South Korea due to westernized eating habits and regular health check-ups. The Korean Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service (HIRA) has conducted a national quality assessment of the treatment of CRC. This study examined the quality assessment report of the Korean HIRA and analyzed the status of practice pattern and the epidemiology of CRC in South Korea.
Materials and Methods
The number of subjects was determined based on the number of surgical procedures in each institution during 2012-2017. The institution types were classified according to the number of beds and the composition of oncologic specialists. Twenty-one indicators for diagnosis, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, surgery, pathology, and mortality were analyzed and the interinstitutional variation for each indicator was calculated.
Results
Among 21 evaluation indices, indicators related to medical records, receipt of chemotherapy with a high coefficient of variation of ≥ 0.1% were improved over 6 years until the survey in 2017. In the analysis of indices affecting surgical mortality, the regional lymph node resection and examination rate (p=0.022) showed a negative correlation with surgical mortality. Hospitalization stay (p < 0.001) and hospitalization cost (p=0.002) were positively correlated with surgical mortality.
Conclusion
This study showed that the treatment quality and examination status for CRC in South Korea were appropriate for improving relevant medical records, receipt of chemotherapy, maintaining the quality of treatment, and mortality. These analyses could be the basis for developing an improved quality assessment program worldwide.

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Exploring the experiences of cancer patients: What drives them to seek treatment outside their residential area and what are the experiences resulting from that decision? A qualitative study
Jeehee Pyo, Mina Lee, Haneul Lee, Minsu Ock, Ali Haider Mohammed
PLOS ONE.2025; 20(3): e0319650. CrossRef
Relationship between patient outcomes and patterns of fragmented cancer care in older adults with gastric cancer: A nationwide cohort study in South Korea
Dong-Woo Choi, Seungju Kim, Sun Jung Kim, Dong Wook Kim, Kwang Sun Ryu, Jae Ho Kim, Yoon-Jung Chang, Kyu-Tae Han
Journal of Geriatric Oncology.2024; 15(2): 101685. CrossRef
Effects of intensive care unit quality assessment on changes in medical staff in medical institutions and in-hospital mortality
Seungju Kim, Gui Ok Kim, Syalrom Lee, Yong Uk Kwon
Human Resources for Health.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Quality control efforts of medical institutions: the impacts of a value-based payment system on medical staff and healthcare-associated infections
K-T. Han, S. Kim, G.O. Kim, S. Lee, Y.U. Kwon
Journal of Hospital Infection.2024; 153: 3. CrossRef
Quality Assessment and Trend for Breast Cancer Treatment Practice across South Korea Based on Nationwide Analysis of Korean Health Insurance Data during 2013-2017
Kyu Hye Choi, Soo-Yoon Sung, Sea-Won Lee, Ye Won Jeon, Sung Hwan Kim, Jong Hoon Lee
Cancer Research and Treatment.2023; 55(2): 570. CrossRef
Multidisciplinary treatment strategy for early rectal cancer
Gyung Mo Son, In Young Lee, Sung Hwan Cho, Byung-Soo Park, Hyun Sung Kim, Su Bum Park, Hyung Wook Kim, Sang Bo Oh, Tae Un Kim, Dong Hoon Shin
Precision and Future Medicine.2022; 6(1): 32. CrossRef
Colorectal cancer mortality trends in the era of cancer survivorship in Korea: 2000–2020
Min Hyun Kim, Sanghee Park, Nari Yi, Bobae Kang, In Ja Park
Annals of Coloproctology.2022; 38(5): 343. CrossRef
Pulmonary Metastasectomy in Colorectal Cancer: A Population-Based Retrospective Cohort Study Using the Korean National Health Insurance Database
Woo Sik Yu, Mi Kyung Bae, Jung Kyu Choi, Young Ki Hong, In Kyu Park
Cancer Research and Treatment.2021; 53(4): 1104. CrossRef

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Treatment Outcome after Fractionated Conformal Radiotherapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Patients with Child-Pugh Classification B in Korea (KROG 16-05): Sun Hyun Bae, Hee Chul Park, Won Sup Yoon, Sang Min Yoon, In-Hye Jung, Ik Jae Lee, Jun Won Kim, Jinsil Seong, Tae Hyun Kim, Taek-Keun Nam, Youngmin Choi, Sun Young Lee, Hong Seok Jang, Dong Soo Lee, Jin Hee Kim; Cancer Res Treat. 2019;51(4):1589-1599. Published online April 10, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2018.687

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Purpose
There is limited data on radiotherapy (RT) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients with Child-Pugh classification B (CP-B). This study aimed to evaluate the treatment outcomes of fractionated conformal RT in HCC patients with CP-B.
Materials and Methods
We retrospectively reviewed the data of HCC patients with CP-B treated with RT between 2009 and 2014 at 13 institutions in Korea. HCC was diagnosed by the Korea guideline of 2009, and modern RT techniques were applied. Fraction size was ≤ 5 Gy and the biologically effective dose (BED) ≥ 40 Gy10 (α/β = 10 Gy). A total of 184 patients were included in this study.
Results
Initial CP score was seven in 62.0% of patients, eight in 31.0%, and nine in 7.0%. Portal vein tumor thrombosis was present in 66.3% of patients. The BED ranged from 40.4 to 89.6 Gy10 (median, 56.0 Gy10). After RT completion, 48.4% of patients underwent additional treatment. The median overall survival (OS) was 9.4 months. The local progression-free survival and OS rates at 1 year were 58.9% and 39.8%, respectively. In the multivariate analysis, non-classic radiation-induced liver disease (RILD) (p < 0.001) and additional treatment (p < 0.001) were the most significant prognostic factors of OS. Among 132 evaluable patients without progressive disease, 19.7% experienced non-classic RILD. Normal liver volume was the most predictive dosimetric parameter of non-classic RILD.
Conclusion
Fractionated conformal RT showed favorable OS with a moderate risk non-classic RILD. The individual radiotherapy for CP-B could be cautiously applied weighing the survival benefits and the RILD risks.

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Clinical Outcomes and Hepatic Toxicity of Combined Intensity Modulated Radiotherapy and PD-1 Inhibitors in Child-Pugh Class B Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Lijun Chen, Min Liu, Shenshen Chen, Yi Wu, Shichun Guan, Jianxu Li, Shixiong Liang
ImmunoTargets and Therapy.2025; Volume 14: 1015. CrossRef
Development and validation of a nomogram for radiation-induced hepatic toxicity after intensity modulated radiotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma: a retrospective study
Qiaoyuan Wu, Yudan Wang, Yuxin Wei, Zhengqiang Yang, Kai Chen, Jianxu Li, Liqing Li, Tingshi Su, Shixiong Liang
Japanese Journal of Clinical Oncology.2024; 54(6): 699. CrossRef
Managing hepatocellular carcinoma across the stages: efficacy and outcomes of stereotactic body radiotherapy
Ahmed Allam Mohamed, Marie-Luise Berres, Philipp Bruners, Sven Arke Lang, Christian Trautwein, Georg Wiltberger, Alexandra Barabasch, Michael Eble
Strahlentherapie und Onkologie.2024; 200(8): 715. CrossRef
Clinical outcomes and safety of external beam radiotherapy with extensive intrahepatic targets for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: A single institutional clinical experience
Sunmin Park, Chai Hong Rim, Won Sup Yoon
Saudi Journal of Gastroenterology.2024; 30(6): 399. CrossRef
Role of rapid arc-image-guided radiotherapy in hepatocellular carcinoma with portal vein tumor thrombosis: A study from tertiary care center in Punjab, India
Manjinder Singh Sidhu, Ramandeep, Sandhya Sood, Ritu Aggarwal, Kulbir Singh, Divyanshi Sood
Journal of Cancer Research and Therapeutics.2023; 19(3): 639. CrossRef
Non-classic radiation-induced liver disease after intensity-modulated radiotherapy for Child–Pugh grade B patients with locally advanced hepatocellular carcinoma
Jian-Xu Li, Rui-Jun Zhang, Mo-Qin Qiu, Liu-Ying Yan, Mei-Ling He, Mei-Ying Long, Jian-Hong Zhong, Hai-Yan Lu, Hong-Mei Zhou, Bang-De Xiang, Shi-Xiong Liang
Radiation Oncology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Long-term characterization of MRI-morphologic alterations after active motion-compensated liver SBRT: a multi-institutional pooled analysis
Constantin Dreher, Gustavo R. Sarria, Georgia Miebach, Christel Weiss, Daniel Buergy, Paulina Wojtal, Anoshirwan A. Tavakoli, David Krug, Hans Oppitz, Frank A. Giordano, Marcus Both, Frank Lohr, Jürgen Dunst, Oliver Blanck, Judit Boda-Heggemann
Acta Oncologica.2023; 62(3): 281. CrossRef
Radiotherapy trend in elderly hepatocellular carcinoma: retrospective analysis of patients diagnosed between 2005 and 2017
Bong Kyung Bae, Jeong Il Yu, Hee Chul Park, Myung Ji Goh, Yong-Han Paik
Radiation Oncology Journal.2023; 41(2): 98. CrossRef
Radiotherapy plus anti-PD1 versus radiotherapy for hepatic toxicity in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma
Rui-Jun Zhang, Hong-Mei Zhou, Hai-Yan Lu, Hong-Ping Yu, Wei-Zhong Tang, Mo-Qin Qiu, Liu-Ying Yan, Mei-Ying Long, Ting-Shi Su, Bang-De Xiang, Mei-Ling He, Xiao-Ting Wang, Shi-Xiong Liang, Jian-Xu Li
Radiation Oncology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Low-dose radiotherapy combined with dual PD-L1 and VEGFA blockade elicits antitumor response in hepatocellular carcinoma mediated by activated intratumoral CD8+ exhausted-like T cells
Siqi Li, Kun Li, Kang Wang, Haoyuan Yu, Xiangyang Wang, Mengchen Shi, Zhixing Liang, Zhou Yang, Yongwei Hu, Yang Li, Wei Liu, Hua Li, Shuqun Cheng, Linsen Ye, Yang Yang
Nature Communications.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Stereotactic ablative radiotherapy for pulmonary oligometastases from primary hepatocellular carcinoma: a multicenter and retrospective analysis (KROG 17-08)
In Young Jo, Hee Chul Park, Eun Seog Kim, Seung-Gu Yeo, Myungsoo Kim, Jinsil Seong, Jun Won Kim, Tae Hyun Kim, Won Sup Yoon, Bae Kwon Jeong, Sung Hwan Kim, Jong Hoon Lee
Japanese Journal of Clinical Oncology.2022; 52(6): 616. CrossRef
Efficacy and feasibility of surgery and external radiotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma with portal invasion: A meta-analysis
Han Ah Lee, Yeon Seok Seo, In-Soo Shin, Won Sup Yoon, Hye Yoon Lee, Chai Hong Rim
International Journal of Surgery.2022; 104: 106753. CrossRef
Trend Analysis and Prediction of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Cancer Incidence and Mortality in Korea
Hyeong Min Park, Young-Joo Won, Mee Joo Kang, Sang-Jae Park, Sun-Whe Kim, Kyu-Won Jung, Sung-Sik Han
Journal of Korean Medical Science.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Radiofrequency ablation and stereotactic body radiotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma: should they clash or reconcile?
Chai Hong Rim, Hye Yoon Lee, Jung Sun Kim, Hakyoung Kim
International Journal of Radiation Biology.2021; 97(2): 111. CrossRef
Therapeutic Decision Making in Hepatocellular Carcinoma According to Age and Child–Pugh Class: A Nationwide Cohort Analysis in South Korea
Sunmin Park, Chai Hong Rim, Young Kul Jung, Won Sup Yoon, Alessandro Granito
Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Benefits of Local Treatment Including External Radiotherapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma with Portal Invasion
Han Lee, Sunmin Park, Yeon Seo, Won Yoon, Chai Rim
Biology.2021; 10(4): 326. CrossRef
Phase I Radiation Dose-Escalation Study to Investigate the Dose-Limiting Toxicity of Concurrent Intra-Arterial Chemotherapy for Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Yeona Cho, Jun Won Kim, Ja Kyung Kim, Kwan Sik Lee, Jung Il Lee, Hyun Woong Lee, Kwang-Hun Lee, Seung-Moon Joo, Jin Hong Lim, Ik Jae Lee
Cancers.2020; 12(6): 1612. CrossRef
Do Biliary Complications after Proton Beam Therapy for Perihilar Hepatocellular Carcinoma Matter?
Gyu Yoo, Jeong Yu, Hee Park, Dongho Hyun, Woo Jeong, Ho Lim, Moon Choi, Sang Ha
Cancers.2020; 12(9): 2395. CrossRef
Combinational Immunotherapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Radiotherapy, Immune Checkpoint Blockade and Beyond
Yun Hua Lee, David Tai, Connie Yip, Su Pin Choo, Valerie Chew
Frontiers in Immunology.2020;[Epub] CrossRef

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The Impact of Surgical Timing on Pathologic Tumor Response after Short Course and Long Course Preoperative Chemoradiation for Locally Advanced Rectal Adenocarcinoma: Sea-Won Lee, Jong Hoon Lee, In Kyu Lee, Seong Taek Oh, Dae Yong Kim, Tae Hyun Kim, Jae Hwan Oh, Ji Yeon Baek, Hee Jin Chang, Hee Chul Park, Hee Cheol Kim, Eui Kyu Chie, Taek-Keun Nam, Hong Seok Jang; Cancer Res Treat. 2018;50(3):1039-1050. Published online November 21, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2017.252

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Purpose
A pooled analysis of multi-institutional trials was performed to analyze the effect of surgical timing on tumor response by comparing short course concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) with long course CCRT followed by delayed surgery in locally advanced rectal cancer.
Materials and Methods
Three hundred patients with cT3-4N0-2 rectal adenocarcinoma were included. Long course patients from KROG 14-12 (n=150) were matched 1:1 to 150 short course patients from KROG 10-01 (NCT01129700) and KROG 11-02 (NCT01431599) according to stage, age, and other risk factors. The primary endpoint was to determine the interval between surgery and the last day of neoadjuvant CCRT which yields the best tumor response after the short course and long course CCRT. Downstaging was defined as ypT0-2N0M0 and pathologic complete response (ypCR) was defined as ypT0N0M0, respectively.
Results
Both the long and short course groups achieved lowest downstaging rates at < 6 weeks (long 20% vs. short 8%) and highest downstaging rates at 6-7 weeks (long 44% vs. short 40%). The ypCR rates were lowest at < 6 weeks (both long and short 0%) and highest at 6-7 weeks (long 21% vs. short 11%) in both the short and long course arms. The downstaging and ypCR rates of long course group gradually declined after the peak at 6-7 weeks and those of the short course group trend to constantly increase afterwards.
Conclusion
It is optimal to perform surgery at least 6 weeks after both the short course and long course CCRT to obtain maximal tumor regression in locally advanced rectal adenocarcinoma.

Citations

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Pathologic complete response after neoadjuvant therapy for locally advanced rectal cancer in a real-world setting: a population-based study
Lina Cadili, Jonathan M. Loree, Michael Peacock, Kimberly DeVries, Amandeep Ghuman, Ahmer A. Karimuddin, P. Terry Phang, Manoj J. Raval, Carl J. Brown
Frontiers in Oncology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Increasing age, neural invasion, extramural vascular invasion, and short-course radiotherapy in locally advanced rectal cancer are associated with decreased tumor regression: a retrospective cohort study
O. F. Johnsen, R. Riis, S. Meltzer, K. M. Augestad
Techniques in Coloproctology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Association between personality types and low anterior resection syndrome in rectal cancer patients following surgery
Ting‐Yu Chiang, Yu‐Jen Hsu, Yih‐Jong Chern, Chun‐Kai Liao, Wen‐Sy Tsai, Pao‐Shiu Hsieh, Hung‐Chih Hsu, Yu‐Fen Lin, Hsiu‐Lan Lee, Jeng‐Fu You
Cancer Medicine.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Lateral Lymph Node Size and Tumor Distance From Anal Verge Accurately Predict Positive Lateral Pelvic Lymph Nodes in Rectal Cancer: A Multi-Institutional Retrospective Cohort Study
Jung Hoon Bae, Jumyung Song, Ji Hoon Kim, Bong-Hyeon Kye, In Kyu Lee, Hyeon-Min Cho, Yoon Suk Lee
Diseases of the Colon & Rectum.2023; 66(6): 785. CrossRef
Robotic Lateral Pelvic Lymph Node Dissection Could Harvest More Lateral Pelvic Lymph Nodes over Laparoscopic Approach for Mid-to-Low Rectal Cancer: A Multi-Institutional Retrospective Cohort Study
Jung Hoon Bae, Jumyung Song, Ri Na Yoo, Ji Hoon Kim, Bong-Hyeon Kye, In Kyu Lee, Hyeon-Min Cho, Yoon Suk Lee
Biomedicines.2023; 11(6): 1556. CrossRef
Does a long interval between neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and surgery benefit the clinical outcomes of locally advanced rectal cancer? A systematic review and meta analyses
Miao Yu, Deng-Chao Wang, Sheng Li, Li-Yan Huang, Jian Wei
International Journal of Colorectal Disease.2022; 37(4): 855. CrossRef
Predicting Factors of Complete Pathological Response in Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer
AmirHossein Latif, Mohammad Shirkhoda, Mohammad Reza Rouhollahi, Saeed Nemati, Seyed Hossein Yahyazadeh, Kazem Zendehdel, Ahmad Reza Soroush, Aidin Yaghoobi Notash
Middle East Journal of Digestive Diseases.2022; 14(4): 443. CrossRef
Practical recommendation for treatment of patients with colon cancer during covid-19 pandemic
M. Yu. Fedyanin
Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council.2020; (9): 213. CrossRef
Meta-analysis of the effect of extending the interval after long-course chemoradiotherapy before surgery in locally advanced rectal cancer
É J Ryan, D P O'Sullivan, M E Kelly, A Z Syed, P C Neary, P R O'Connell, D O Kavanagh, D C Winter, J M O'Riordan
British Journal of Surgery.2019; 106(10): 1298. CrossRef
Preoperative short-course radiotherapy (5 × 5 Gy) with delayed surgery versus preoperative long-course radiotherapy for locally resectable rectal cancer: a meta-analysis
Wang Qiaoli, Huang Yongping, Xiong Wei, Xu Guoqiang, Ju Yunhe, Liu Qiuyan, Li Cheng, Guo Mengling, Li Jiayi, Xiong Wei, Yang Yi
International Journal of Colorectal Disease.2019; 34(12): 2171. CrossRef
Comparison of long course and short course preoperative radiotherapy in the treatment of locally advanced rectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Yongjun Yu, Yuwei Li, Chen Xu, Zhao Zhang, Xipeng Zhang
Revista Española de Enfermedades Digestivas.2018;[Epub] CrossRef

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Clinical Practice Patterns of Radiotherapy in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Korean Radiation Oncology Group Study (KROG 14-07): Hyejung Cha, Hee Chul Park, Jeong Il Yu, Tae Hyun Kim, Taek-Keun Nam, Sang Min Yoon, Won Sup Yoon, Jun Won Kim, Mi Sook Kim, Hong Seok Jang, Youngmin Choi, Jin Hee Kim, Chul Seung Kay, Inkyung Jung, Jinsil Seong; Cancer Res Treat. 2017;49(1):61-69. Published online June 13, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2016.097

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Purpose
The aim of this study was to examine patterns of radiotherapy (RT) in Korean patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) according to the evolving guideline for HCC established by the Korean Liver Cancer Study Group-National Cancer Center (KLCSG-NCC).
Materials and Methods
We reviewed 765 patients with HCC who were treated with RT between January 2011 and December 2012 in 12 institutions.
Results
The median follow-up period was 13.3 months (range, 0.2 to 51.7 months). Compared with previous data between 2004 and 2005, the use of RT as a first treatment has increased (9.0% vs. 40.8%). Increased application of intensity-modulated RT resulted in an increase in radiation dose (fractional dose, 1.8 Gy vs. 2.5 Gy; biologically effective dose, 53.1 Gy₁₀ vs. 56.3 Gy₁₀). Median overall survival was 16.2 months, which is longer than that reported in previous data (12 months). In subgroup analysis, treatments were significantly different according to stage (p < 0.001). Stereotactic body RT was used in patients with early HCC, and most patients with advanced stage were treated with three-dimensional conformal RT.
Conclusion
Based on the evolving KLCSG-NCC practice guideline for HCC, clinical practice patterns of RT have changed. Although RT is still used mainly in advanced HCC, the number of patients with good performance status who were treated with RT as a first treatment has increased. This change in practice patterns could result in improvement in overall survival.

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Complications After Exosome Treatment for Aesthetic Skin Rejuvenation
William J. Nahm, Sukruthi Thunga, Jane Yoo
Dermatological Reviews.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
2022 KLCA-NCC Korea practice guidelines for the management of hepatocellular carcinoma

Journal of Liver Cancer.2023; 23(1): 1. CrossRef
2022 KLCA-NCC Korea practice guidelines for the management of hepatocellular carcinoma

Clinical and Molecular Hepatology.2022; 28(4): 583. CrossRef
2022 KLCA-NCC Korea Practice Guidelines for the Management of Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Korean Journal of Radiology.2022; 23(12): 1126. CrossRef
Multi-Institutional Retrospective Study of Radiotherapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma in the Caudate Lobe
Sung Uk Lee, Sang Min Yoon, Jason Chia-Hsien Cheng, Tae Hyun Kim, Bo Hyun Kim, Jin-hong Park, Jinhong Jung, Chiao-Ling Tsai, Yun Chiang, Joong-Won Park
Frontiers in Oncology.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Patterns of definitive radiotherapy practice for cervical cancer in South Korea: a survey endorsed by the Korean Radiation Oncology Group (KROG 20-06)
Nalee Kim, Won Park
Journal of Gynecologic Oncology.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Indications of external radiotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma from updated clinical guidelines: Diverse global viewpoints
Sunmin Park, Won Sup Yoon, Chai Hong Rim
World Journal of Gastroenterology.2020; 26(4): 393. CrossRef
Optimizing radiotherapy with immune checkpoint blockade in hepatocellular carcinoma
Changhoon Choi, Gyu Sang Yoo, Won Kyung Cho, Hee Chul Park
World Journal of Gastroenterology.2019; 25(20): 2416. CrossRef
2018 Korean Liver Cancer Association–National Cancer Center Korea Practice Guidelines for the Management of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
KLCA Korean Liver Cancer Association, NCC National Cancer Center
Gut and Liver.2019; 13(3): 227. CrossRef
2018 Korean Liver Cancer Association–National Cancer Center Korea Practice Guidelines for the Management of Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Korean Journal of Radiology.2019; 20(7): 1042. CrossRef
Treatment Outcome after Fractionated Conformal Radiotherapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Patients with Child-Pugh Classification B in Korea (KROG 16-05)
Sun Hyun Bae, Hee Chul Park, Won Sup Yoon, Sang Min Yoon, In-Hye Jung, Ik Jae Lee, Jun Won Kim, Jinsil Seong, Tae Hyun Kim, Taek-Keun Nam, Youngmin Choi, Sun Young Lee, Hong Seok Jang, Dong Soo Lee, Jin Hee Kim
Cancer Research and Treatment.2019; 51(4): 1589. CrossRef
EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines: Management of hepatocellular carcinoma
Peter R. Galle, Alejandro Forner, Josep M. Llovet, Vincenzo Mazzaferro, Fabio Piscaglia, Jean-Luc Raoul, Peter Schirmacher, Valérie Vilgrain
Journal of Hepatology.2018; 69(1): 182. CrossRef

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Multicenter Validation Study of a Prognostic Index for Portal Vein Tumor Thrombosis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Jeong Il Yu, Sang Min Yoon, Hee Chul Park, Jong Hoon Kim, Tae Hyun Kim, Joong-Won Park, Jinsil Seong, Ik Jae Lee, Hong Seok Jang, Chul Seung Kay, Chul Yong Kim, Eui Kyu Chie, Jin Hee Kim, Mi-Sook Kim, Young Min Choi; Cancer Res Treat. 2014;46(4):348-357. Published online July 16, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2013.142

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Purpose
We previously reported on a staging system and prognostic index (PITH) for portal vein tumor thrombosis (PVTT) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients treated with radiotherapy (RT) at a single institution. The aim of this study is to validate the PITH staging system using data from patients at other institutions and to compare it with other published staging systems. Materials and Methods A total of 994 HCC patients with PVTT who were treated with RT between 1998 and 2011 by the Korean Radiation Oncology Group were analyzed retrospectively. All patients were staged using the Cancer of the Liver Italian Program (CLIP), Japanese Integrated Staging (JIS), Okuda, and PITH staging systems, and survival data were analyzed. The likelihood ratio, Akaike information criteria (AIC), time-dependent receiver operating characteristics, and prediction error curve analysis were used to determine discriminatory ability for comparison of staging systems. Results The median survival was 9.2 months. Compared with the other staging systems, the PITH score gave the highest values for likelihood ratio and lowest AIC values, demonstrating that PITH may be a better prognostic model. Although the values were not significant and differences were not exceptional, the PITH score showed slightly better performance with respect to time-dependent area under curve and integrated Brier score of prediction error curve. Conclusion The PITH staging system was validated in this multicenter retrospective study and showed better stratification ability in HCC patients with PVTT than other systems.

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Efficacy and safety of image-guided hypofractionated radiotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma with portal vein tumor thrombosis: a retrospective, multicenter study
Sang Min Lee, Jin Hwa Choi, Jung-Hwan Yoon, Yoon Jun Kim, Su Jong Yu, Jeong-Hoon Lee, Hyun-Cheol Kang, Eui Kyu Chie, Kyung Su Kim
BMC Cancer.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Treatment response and prediction model of radiotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma with macrovascular tumor thrombus: a multicenter retrospective study
Qizhen Huang, Jing Yang, Xiaohong Zhong, Yaqi Zhong, Xingte Chen, Zongren Ding, Haoming Xia, Shaoxing Chen, Yufei Zhou, Lingdong Shao, Kongying Lin, Shaoguang Liao, Yongyi Zeng, Jinsheng Hong
Therapeutic Advances in Medical Oncology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Efficacy and safety of radiotherapy combined with atezolizumab plus bevacizumab in treating hepatocellular carcinoma with portal vein tumour thrombus: a study protocol
Kang Wang, Hong-Ming Yu, Yan-Jun Xiang, Yu-Qiang Cheng, Qian-Zhi Ni, Wei-Xing Guo, Jie Shi, Shuang Feng, Jian Zhai, Shu-Qun Cheng
BMJ Open.2022; 12(12): e064688. CrossRef
Comparison of Transcatheter Arterial Chemoembolization-Radiofrequency Ablation and Transcatheter Arterial Chemoembolization Alone for Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma with Macrovascular Invasion Using Propensity Score Analysis: A Retrospective Cohort Stu
Yao Liu, Yuxin Li, Fangyuan Gao, Qun Zhang, Xue Yang, Bingbing Zhu, Shuaishuai Niu, Yunyi Huang, Ying Hu, Wei Li, Xianbo Wang
Journal of Oncology.2020; 2020: 1. CrossRef
2018 Korean Liver Cancer Association–National Cancer Center Korea Practice Guidelines for the Management of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
KLCA Korean Liver Cancer Association, NCC National Cancer Center
Gut and Liver.2019; 13(3): 227. CrossRef
2018 Korean Liver Cancer Association–National Cancer Center Korea Practice Guidelines for the Management of Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Korean Journal of Radiology.2019; 20(7): 1042. CrossRef
Outcome of transarterial chemoembolization in Egyptian patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and branch portal vein thrombosis
H. Abdella, M. K. Shaker, Iman Fawzy Montasser, M. Sobhi, H. Aly, A. Sayed, S. Saleh, A. El Dorry
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High-Dose-Rate Brachytherapy for the Treatment of Vaginal Intraepithelial Neoplasia: Jin Ho Song, Joo Hwan Lee, Jong Hoon Lee, Jong Sup Park, Sook Hee Hong, Hong Seok Jang, Yeon Sil Kim, Byung Ock Choi, Sei Chul Yoon; Cancer Res Treat. 2014;46(1):74-80. Published online January 15, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2014.46.1.74

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

PURPOSE
Vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia (VAIN), a rare premalignant condition, is difficult to eradicate. We assess the effectiveness of high-dose rate intracavitary brachytherapy (HDR-ICR) in patients with VAIN or carcinoma in situ (CIS) of the vagina after hysterectomy.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
We reviewed 34 patients treated for posthysterectomy VAIN or CIS of the vagina by brachytherapy as the sole treatment. All patients underwent a coloposcopic-directed punch biopsy or had abnormal cytology, at least 3 consecutive times. All patients were treated with a vaginal cylinder applicator. The total radiation dose was mainly 40 Gy in 8 fractions during the periods of 4 weeks at a prescription point of the median 0.2 cm (range, 0 to 0.5 cm) depth from the surface of the vaginal mucosa.
RESULTS
Acute toxicity was minimal. Seven patients had grade 1/2 acute urinary and rectal complications. There were 15 cases of late toxicity, predominantly vaginal mucosal reaction in 12 patients. Of these patients, two patients suffered from grade 3 vaginal stricture and dyspareunia continuously. After a median follow-up time of 48 months (range, 4 to 122 months), there were 2 recurrences and 2 persistent diseases, in which a second-line therapy was needed. The success rate was 88.2%. The average prescription point in failure patients was 1.1 mm from the surface of the vagina compared to an average of 2.6 mm in non-recurrent patients (p=0.097).
CONCLUSION
HDR-ICR is an effective treatment method in VAIN patients. In spite of high cure rates, we should consider issues regarding vaginal toxicity and radiation techniques to reduce the occurrence of failure and toxicity.

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The Effects of the Induction Chemotherapy on the Radical Radiotherapy in the Locally Advanced Cervical Cancer: Ki Mun Kang, Sei Chul Yoon, Hong Seok Jang, Mi Ryeong Ryu, Yeon Shil Kim, Sung Eun Namkoong, Seung Jo Kim; J Korean Cancer Assoc. 1998;30(4):762-771.

Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
We evaluated the prognostic factors, survivals and patterns of failure of the patients with locally advanced cervical cancer who received radical radiotherapy alone and induction chemotherapy followed by radiotherapy respectively.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Between May 1985 to December 1992, one hundred and sixty three patients with locally advaneed cervical cancer received curative radiotherapy. Patients were divided into two groups: control group included 69 patients who received curative radiotherapy and combined group included 94 patients who received induction chemotherapy followed by curative radiotherapy. The curative radiotherapy consisted of external pelvic radiotherapy and intracavitary brachytherapy. Induction chemotherapy was delivered in VBP (vincristine, bleomycin, cisplatin) and FP (5-FU, cisplatin). Follow up period ranged from 2 months to 99 months with median of 50 months.
RESULTS
The overall response rate was 94.2% in the control group and 89.4% in the combined group. The response rate by control group was 66.7% for CR (complete response), 27.5% for PR (partial response), 5.8% for NR (no response). The response rate by combined group of CR, PR, NR were 64.9%, 24.5%, 10.6%, respectively. There was no difference in response for control group and combined group (p> 0.05). The 5-year overall survival had no significant difference in between control group and combined group (54.6% vs. 57.3%). The 5-year disease free survival also had no significant difference (52.9% vs. 55.0%). In the control group, 23 patients (33.3%) had treatment failure: twelve (17.4%) at a local recurrence, 9 (13.0%) as distant metastasis, and 2 (2.9%) with both local recurrence and distant metastasis. In the combined group, Thirty patients (31.9%) failed therapy, with local recurrence in 21 patients (22.3%), distant metastasis in 7 patients (7.5%), and both in 2 patients (2.1%). The difference between the two groups was not significant in view of patterns of failure. The major toxicities were nausea/ vomiting, leukopenia, anemia, and diarrhea. The prognostic factors affecting were hemoglobin level, KPS (karnofsky performance status), and treatment response in both group by multivariate analysis.
CONCLUSION
This study did not prove the efficacy of induction chemotherapy followed by radiotherapy in locally advanced cervical cancer.

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Results of Postoperative Radiation Therapy in 77 Patients of Breast Cancer: Yeon Shil Kim, Hong Seok Jang, Mi Ryeong Ryu, Sung Hwan Kim, Sang Sul Chung, Sei Chul Yoon, In Chul Kim, Kyung Sub Shinn; J Korean Cancer Assoc. 1997;29(6):1049-1060.

Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
This retrospective study was performed to evaluate the effect of postoperative adjuvant radiation therapy of breast cancer on survival, failure patterns and to identify unfavorable prognostic factors.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Seventy-seven patients were analysed retrospectively. Median follow up period was 72 months. According to AJCC system, fifty-eight patients (75%) were advanced than Stage IIb. Among 77 patients, 66 patients (86%) received mastectomy and axillary LN dissection and the other 11 patients (14%) received partial mastectomy and axillary LN dissection. Postoperative radiation therapy with 6 MV X-ray was given to the chest wall and regional lymphatics with total dose of 50 to 55 Gy. Fifty-five patients (71%) received CMF or CAF chemotherapy prior to or after radiation therapy.
RESULTS
The 5 year and 10 year survival rate were 64.4% and 51.3%, respectively and 5 year and 10 year disease free survival rate were 57.6% and 47.5%, respectively. Median survival duration was 91 months. Of the 77 patients, 59 patients were evaluable for pattern of failure. Of these, eighteen patients (31%) failed. Initial failure pattern was as follow: 7 (12%) at locoregional, 3 (5%) in distant metastasis, 8 (14%) with locoregional and distant metastasis. But the pattern of final failure at the time of last follow up was contrasted. Distanf failure was the predominant pattern of failure with 29% of patients. Overall survival and disease free survival was significantly influenced by 6 factors with univariated analysis (p<0.05): AJC Stage, T stage, N Stage, number of involved axilliary LN, SCL LN mets, failure pattern. By multivariate analysis the survival difference continued to be significant in 3 factors : T stage, number of involved axillary LN, failure pattern.
CONCLUSION
These data demonstrate high locoregional control and survival rate using the combination of surgery and radiotherapy for the patients with locally advanced breast cancer. But predominant failure pattern was distant dissemination. Therefore more effective systemic therapy is needed to improve overall survival.

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Linear Accelerator-Based Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Acoustic Neurinomas: Hong Seok Jang, Sei Chul Yoon, Tae Suk Suh, Mi Ryeong Ryu, Yeon Shil Kim, Moon Chan Kim, Jun Ki Kang, Kyung Sub Shinn; J Korean Cancer Assoc. 1997;29(6):992-999.

Abstract PDF: No abstract available

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The Results of Postoperative Radiation Therapy in the Rectal Cancer: Mi Ryeong Ryu, Hong Seok Jang, Sei Chul Yoon, Su Mi Chung, Yeon Shil Kim, Se Kyung Kim, In Chul Kim, Kyung Sub Shinn; J Korean Cancer Assoc. 1997;29(1):111-116.

Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
This study was designed to evaluate the prognostic factors, survival rate and local recurrence rate of the patients with rectal cancer who received postoperative radiation therapy.
METHODS
& MATERIALS: Seventy patients with rectal cancer received postoperative radiation therapy after curative surgery at the Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Kangnam St. Mary's Hospital, Catholic University Medial College between May 1984 and April 1993. Of the seventy patients, sixty-four evaluable patients were analysed retrospectively. There were 34 men and 28 women. Age at diagnosis ranged from 23 to 74 years. The distribution of stage according to the modified Astler-Coller (MAC) system was as follow: 12 in B2+3, 2 in C1, and 50 in C2+3. Postoperative adjuvant therapy included pelvic radiotherapy in all cases and chemotherapy in addition in 55 cases. A total dose of 45 to 60 Gy (median dose: 55.8Gy) was delivered in a period of 5 to 6 weeks and the follow-up period ranged from 26 to 133 months with a median of 55 months.
RESULTS
Overall two-year and five-year actuarial survival rate were 70.3% and 51.4%, 90.9% and 90.9% in stage B2+3, and 68.2% and 53.6% in stage C. Local failure occurred in 13 (20.3%) of the 64 patients and distant failure rate was 18.8% (12/64). Severe late complication was small bowel obstruction in 4 patients and surgery was required in 3 patients (5%). The significant prognostic factors were stage (p=0.0019) and histologic differentiation (p=0.0046).
CONCLUSION
This study suggested a potential adjuvant role for radiation. However, the possible reduction in local failure rates in this study compared with historic control groups must be verified in randomized trial.

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Treatment Results of Radiation Therapy in Laryngeal Cancer: Hong Seok Jang, Sei Chul Yoon, Sei Chul Yoon, Ki Mun Kang, Chul Seung Kay, Min Sik Kim, Byung Do Suh, Hoon Kyo Kim, Kyung Shik Lee, Kyung Sub Shinn; J Korean Cancer Assoc. 1994;26(6):950-959.

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The Role of Radiation Therapy in Multiple Myeloma: Mi Ryeong Ryu, Ki Mun Kang, Hong Seok Jang, Sei Chul Yoon, Hoon Kyo Kim, Kyung Shik Lee, Kyung Sub Shinn; J Korean Cancer Assoc. 1995;27(4):630-637.

Abstract PDF: Purpose
This study is to define the role of radiation therapy for palliation in the management of multiple myeloma. Methods & Materials: Thirty five patients with multiple myeloma received palliative radiotherapy at the Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Kangnam St. Mary's Hospital, Catholic University Medical College between December 1983 and September 1993. Of the eighty- four treated sites, eighty evaluable sites were analysed retrospectively. The male to female ratio was 1.3:l. Age at diagnosis ranged from 36 to 76 years with a mean of 58 years and the follow-up period ranged from 3 to 134 months with a median of 26 months. The most common treated sites were spine(50%), rib(19%), and pelvis(11%) in decreasing order. The most common symptom was pain(93.7%). Pain was graded as mild, moderate, and severe degree of pain according to clinical classification of pain intensity by WHO. Pain relief following radiation therapy was assessed as complete, partial, or no relief of symptom by analgesic use and change of pain grade. In the case of neurologic impairment, treatment response was assessed by neurologic examination. Results: Total tumor doses ranged from 4 to 35 Gy, with a mean of 19.4 Gy. Symptom relief waa obtained in 76(95%) of 80 evaluable symptomatic sites. No clear dose-response relationship could be demonstrated in this study(p>0.05). The likelihood of symptom relief was not influenced by the location of the lesion, use of concurrent chemotherapy, serum hemoglobin level, serum calcium level, or initial pain grade(p>0.05). Of the 76 responding sites, 9 sites(11.8%) relapsed after median symptam-free interval of 22 months(range, 2-75 months). Neither the probability of relapse nor the time to relapse was related to the radiation dose(p>0.05). Retreatment of relapsing sites provided effective palliation in all cases. Conclusion: Low dose local external radiation therapy provides effective palliation in the management of multiple myeloma.

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Clinical Trial of Concomitant Thermo - Chemotherapy in Cervix Cancer Patients: Hong Seok Jang, Sei Chul Yoon, Su Mi Chung, Mi Ryeong Ryu, Yeon Shil Kim, Jong Sup Park, Sung Eun NamKoong, Seung Jo Kim, Kyung Sub Shinn; J Korean Cancer Assoc. 1995;27(6):968-978.

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