Cancer Research and Treatment

Original Articles

Lung and Thoracic cancer

Cancer-Specific Sequences in the Diagnosis and Treatment of NUT Carcinoma: Mi-Sook Lee, Sungbin An, Ji-Young Song, Minjung Sung, Kyungsoo Jung, Eun Sol Chang, Juyoung Choi, Doo-Yi Oh, Yoon Kyung Jeon, Hobin Yang, Chaithanya Lakshmi, Sehhoon Park, Joungho Han, Se-Hoon Lee, Yoon-La Choi; Cancer Res Treat. 2023;55(2):452-467. Published online October 14, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2022.910

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Purpose
NUT carcinoma (NC) is a solid tumor caused by the rearrangement of NUTM1 that usually develops in midline structures, such as the thorax. No standard treatment has been established despite high lethality. Thus, we investigated whether targeting the junction region of NUTM1 fusion breakpoints could serve as a potential treatment option for NC.
Materials and Methods
We designed and evaluated a series of small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) targeting the junction region of BRD4-NUTM1 fusion (B4N), the most common form of NUTM1 fusion. Droplet digital polymerase chain reaction using the blood of patients was also tested to evaluate the treatment responses by the junction sequence of the B4N fusion transcripts.
Results
As expected, the majority of NC fusion types were B4N (12 of 18, 67%). B4N fusion-specific siRNA treatment on NC cells showed specific inhibitory effects on the B4N fusion transcript and fusion protein without affecting the endogenous expression of the parent genes, resulting in decreased relative cell growth and attenuation of tumor size. In addition, the fusion transcript levels in platelet-rich-plasma samples of the NC patients with systemic metastasis showed a negative correlation with therapeutic effect, suggesting its potential as a measure of treatment responsiveness.
Conclusion
This study suggests that tumor-specific sequences could be used to treat patients with fusion genes as part of precision medicine for a rare but deadly disease.

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Indirect targeting of MYC and direct targeting in combination with chemotherapies are more effective than direct mono-targeting in triple negative breast cancer
Negesse Mekonnen, Hobin Yang, Nirmal Rajasekaran, Kyoung Song, Yoon-La Choi, Young Kee Shin
Translational Oncology.2025; 51: 102204. CrossRef
NUT-midline carcinoma of the lung with rare BRD3-NUTM1 fusion
Prerana Jha, Vaishakhi Trivedi, Nandini Menon, Minit Shah, Irene A George, Rohit Mishra, Trupti Pai, Fuzail Ahmad, Venkataramanan Ramachandran, Vanita Noronha, Kumar Prabhash, Prashant Kumar
Cancer Research, Statistics, and Treatment.2024; 7(1): 110. CrossRef

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Breast cancer

Analysis of PIK3CA Mutation Concordance and Frequency in Primary and Different Distant Metastatic Sites in Breast Cancer: Jieun Park, Soo Youn Cho, Eun Sol Chang, Minjung Sung, Ji-Young Song, Kyungsoo Jung, Sung-Su Kim, Young Kee Shin, Yoon-La Choi; Cancer Res Treat. 2023;55(1):145-154. Published online April 20, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2022.001

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to investigate the concordance rate of PIK3CA mutations between primary and matched distant metastatic sites in patients with breast cancer and to verify whether there are differences in the frequency of PIK3CA hotspot mutations depending on the metastatic sites involved.
Materials and Methods
Archived formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) specimens of primary breast and matched distant metastatic tumors were retrospectively obtained for 49 patients. Additionally, 40 archived FFPE specimens were independently collected from different breast cancer metastatic sites, which were limited to three common sites: the liver, brain, and lung. PIK3CA mutations were analyzed using droplet digital PCR, including hotspots involving exons 9 and 20.
Results
After analysis of 49 breast tumors with matched metastasis sites, 87.8% showed concordance in PIK3CA mutation status. According to PIK3CA hotspot mutation testing in 89 cases of breast cancer metastatic sites, the proportion of PIK3CA mutations at sites of metastasis involving the liver, brain, and lung was 37.5%, 28.6%, and 42.9%, respectively, which did not result in statistical significance.
Conclusion
The high concordance of PIK3CA mutation status between primary and matched metastasis sites suggests that metastatic sites, regardless of the metastatic organ, could be considered sample sources for PIK3CA mutation testing for improved therapeutic strategies in patients with metastatic breast cancer.

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Analysis of PIK3CA mutations in the primary and recurrent tumors of hormone receptor positive/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 negative breast cancer
Yue Wang, Xin Li, Shuang Zhang, Li Liang, Ling Xu, Yinhua Liu, Ting Li
Japanese Journal of Clinical Oncology.2024; 54(9): 1024. CrossRef
Discordance of PIK3CA mutational status between primary and metastatic breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Justus Rosin, Ella Svegrup, Antonios Valachis, Ioannis Zerdes
Breast Cancer Research and Treatment.2023; 201(2): 161. CrossRef
Analytical Performance of Next-Generation Sequencing and RT-PCR on Formalin-Fixed Paraffin-Embedded Tumor Tissues for PIK3CA Testing in HR+/HER2− Breast Cancer
Konstantinos Venetis, Francesco Pepe, Elisabetta Munzone, Elham Sajjadi, Gianluca Russo, Pasquale Pisapia, Mariia Ivanova, Giuseppina Bonizzi, Davide Vacirca, Alessandra Rappa, Alberto Ranghiero, Sergio Vincenzo Taormina, Giuseppe Viale, Giancarlo Troncon
Cells.2022; 11(22): 3545. CrossRef

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Basic

TM4SF4 and LRRK2 Are Potential Therapeutic Targets in Lung and Breast Cancers through Outlier Analysis: Kyungsoo Jung, Joon-Seok Choi, Beom-Mo Koo, Yu Jin Kim, Ji-Young Song, Minjung Sung, Eun Sol Chang, Ka-Won Noh, Sungbin An, Mi-Sook Lee, Kyoung Song, Hannah Lee, Ryong Nam Kim, Young Kee Shin, Doo-Yi Oh, Yoon-La Choi; Cancer Res Treat. 2021;53(1):9-24. Published online September 16, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2020.434

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Purpose
To find biomarkers for disease, there have been constant attempts to investigate the genes that differ from those in the disease groups. However, the values that lie outside the overall pattern of a distribution, the outliers, are frequently excluded in traditional analytical methods as they are considered to be ‘some sort of problem.’ Such outliers may have a biologic role in the disease group. Thus, this study explored new biomarker using outlier analysis, and verified the suitability of therapeutic potential of two genes (TM4SF4 and LRRK2).
Materials and Methods
Modified Tukey’s fences outlier analysis was carried out to identify new biomarkers using the public gene expression datasets. And we verified the presence of the selected biomarkers in other clinical samples via customized gene expression panels and tissue microarrays. Moreover, a siRNA-based knockdown test was performed to evaluate the impact of the biomarkers on oncogenic phenotypes.
Results
TM4SF4 in lung cancer and LRRK2 in breast cancer were chosen as candidates among the genes derived from the analysis. TM4SF4 and LRRK2 were overexpressed in the small number of samples with lung cancer (4.20%) and breast cancer (2.42%), respectively. Knockdown of TM4SF4 and LRRK2 suppressed the growth of lung and breast cancer cell lines. The LRRK2 overexpressing cell lines were more sensitive to LRRK2-IN-1 than the LRRK2 under-expressing cell lines
Conclusion
Our modified outlier-based analysis method has proved to rescue biomarkers previously missed or unnoticed by traditional analysis showing TM4SF4 and LRRK2 are novel target candidates for lung and breast cancer, respectively.

Citations

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